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Date: May 1, 2015 Topic: Womens Rights, African Americans, and Government in the Progressive Era. Aim: How did various groups represent the principles of the Progressive Era in the early 20 th century? Do Now:

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The Womens Suffrage Movement 1848: Began in Seneca Falls, New York. Elizabeth Cady Stanton author of the Declaration of Sentiments. 1850s: Joined by Susan B. Anthony. The suffrage movement split into two factions: A.) The radical organization led by Stanton and Anthony. B.) Moderate side led by Lucy Stone and her husband Henry Blackwell. 1890: Groups formed to establish the National American Woman Suffrage Association. STANTON ANTHONY STONE

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The Womens Suffrage Movement Stanton died in 1902 and Anthony died in 1906. Early 1900s: Leadership of the NAWSA passed on to Carrie Chapman Catt. Catt abandoned the state by state efforts at womens suffrage, which had given women the right to vote in only nine states by 1912. Now the movement would focus on achieving suffrage through a constitutional amendment. NAWSA membership expended to over 2 million members. CATT

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Passage of the 19 th Amendment The highly visible activity of women during World War I brought women the public support they needed to pass the 19 th Amendment. 1920: The 19 th Amendment was ratified.

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Rights of African Americans Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court upheld Jim Crow Laws, which required segregated separate but equal public facilities for African Americans and whites. Lynching by white mobs took the lives of hundreds of African Americans. A.) Booker T. Washington Former slave and founder of the Tuskegee Institute, urged African Americans to get vocational training to establish themselves economically. This strategy, he believed, would increase their own self-esteem and earn them respect from white society. Washingtons policy, called accommodation, was expressed in an 1895 speech known as the Atlanta Compromise. B.) W.E.B Du Bois Harvard educated professor who shared Washingtons views on education but rejected accommodation. He felt that African Americans should protest unfair treatment and receive a broad, liberal education, rather than a vocational one. 1905: Du Bois founded the Niagara Movement to work for equal rights. More successful was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), started in 1909 by a groups of reformers including Du Bois and Jane Addams. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON WEB DU BOIS

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Rights of African Americans C.) Marcus Garvey Founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, an African American nationalist and separatist group. The group wanted a separate black economy and urged African Americans to emigrate to Africa. Many of Garveys ideas influenced the Black Power movement of the 1960s. D.) Ida B. Wells A journalist who launched a national crusade against lynching in the 1890s. She was also a suffragist and one of the founders of the NAACP. MARCUS GARVEY IDA WELLS For nearly twenty years lynching crimes have been committed and permitted by this Christian nation. Nowhere in the civilized world save the United States of America do men, possessing all civil and political power, go out in bands of 50 to 5,000 to hunt down, shoot, hang or burn to death a single individual, unarmed and absolutely powerless. Statistics show that nearly 10,000 American citizens have been lynched in the past 20 years. To our appeals for justice the stereotyped reply has been the government could not interfere in a state matter.

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Reform of State Governments. Progressives enacted reforms to limit the power of boss controlled political machines on a state level. Progressive reforms on the state level included: A.) Secret Ballot A.) Secret Ballot prevents party bosses from knowing how people vote. B.) Initiative B.) Initiative system that allows voters to petition the legislature to consider a proposed law. C.) Referendum C.) Referendum voters decide whether a given bill or constitutional amendment should be passed. 1917: The 17 th Amendment was ratified providing for the direct election of senators. ROBERT LA FOLLOTTE

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Theodore Roosevelt and the Square Deal The first Presidents of this century Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson were known as the Progressive Presidents. Roosevelt, elected Vice President in 1900, became President when William McKinley was assassinated in 1901. He was elected in his own right in 1904. Roosevelt recognized the need for consumer protection, influencing passage in 1906 of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act.

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Theodore Roosevelt Square Deal Roosevelts presidential policy. The interests of business people, laborers, and consumers should be balanced for the public good.

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Recall Allows voters to petition to have an elected representative removed from office. Initiative Allows voters to petition state legislatures in order to consider a bill desired by citizens. Referendum Allows voters to decide if a bill or proposed amendment should be passed. Ensures that voters select candidates to run for office, rather than party bosses. State Reforms Secret Ballot Privacy at the ballot box ensures that citizens can cast votes without party bosses knowing how they voted. Direct Primary

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Progressive Era Amendments 16th (1913)Granted Congress the power to tax income. 17th (1913)Provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators. 18th (1919) Prohibited making, selling, or transporting alcohol. 19th (1920)Provided women suffrage (voting).

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Political Reform Anthracite coal strike (1902) union wanted shorter days and higher wages. nation growing concerned over coal to heat homes in the winter. Roosevelt threatened to send in the military to run the mines. Mine owners back down and Roosevelt becomes the hero of the common man. Importance: First time US Govt. took the side of labor in a dispute.Importance: First time US Govt. took the side of labor in a dispute.

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1902: Roosevelt settled a coal mining strike by threatening to take over the mines

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Political Reform Continued Roosevelt and Trust Busting Heavily enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act. Roosevelt wanted to bust the combination of railroads known as the Northern Securities Company. Did make a distinction between bad trusts and good trusts. Bad trust would stifle competition and raise prices/good trust would be efficient and keep prices low. HOW DOES THIS PORTRAY TR AS A TRUSTBUSTER?

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How does this cartoon reflect Roosevelts stance on Standard Oil?

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National Reclamation Act (1902) Roosevelt Encouraged conservation by allowing the building of dams and irrigations systems using money from the sale of public lands. Elkins Act (1903) Roosevelt Outlawed the use of rebates by railroad officials or shippers. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Roosevelt Required that companies accurately label the ingredients contained in processed food items. Meat Inspection Act (1906) Roosevelt In direct response to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, this law required that meat processing plants be inspected to ensure the use of good meat and health-minded procedures. Progressive Era Federal Legislation

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2 nd Great Awakening Antebellum Reforms [1810s- 1850s] CIVICIVILWARCIVICIVILWAR Populism [1870s- 1890s] Social Gospel Progressivism [1890s-1920] 1920s Revivalism New Deal [1930s- 1940s] 1950s Revivalism Great Society & 1960s Social Movements Christian Evangelical Movement CONSERVATIVECONSERVATIVEREVOLUTIONREVOLUTIONCONSERVATIVECONSERVATIVEREVOLUTIONREVOLUTION The Culture Wars: The Pendulum of Right v. Left

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Tafts Presidency Roosevelt refused to seek re-election tradition. More trust-busting under Taft. Continued conservation added new lands to the national forests. Mann-Elkins Act gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to suspend new railroad rates and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies.

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Problems with his own Party A.) Payne-Aldrich Tariff Taft signed the bill raising the tariff after promising not to raise tariffs during his campaign. B.) Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy Taft fired Gifford Pinchot the head of the Forest Service a Progressive ally. C.) Speaker of the House Joseph Cannon Progressive Republicans hoped to reduce the influence of Canon in the House. Taft refused Republicans upset. D.) Midterm Elections Republicans split 1.) conservatives 2.) Progressives - Taft supported the conservative wing - Many Progressive Republicans successful Republicans split further.

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The Election of 1912 Woodrow Wilson (D) Theodore Roosevelt Bull Moose William H. Taft (R)

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How does this cartoon describe what President Wilson did for the economy?

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Woodrow Wilsons Progressive Reform New Freedom pledged to limit big government and big business end corruption revive competition by supporting small businesses. Underwood Tariff (1913) substantially lowered tariffs. Federal Reserve Act (1914) the banking system is regulated by the federal government. Federal Reserve Board supervises 12 district banks.

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