date: 5/22/14 activity: pacific theater warm up: what was the last offensive move made by germany in...
TRANSCRIPT
Date: 5/22/14
Activity: Pacific Theater
Warm Up: What was the last offensive move made by Germany in the European front before the U.S. was finally victorious in Europe?
Homework:
-Extra Credit due Tuesday 5/27
-Study Guide due Wednesday 5/28
-WWII Test Friday 5/30
Pg Title Date
46 SS St. Louis 5/14
47 Abandonment of the Jews 5/14
48 Did FDR betray the Jews 5/14
49 FDR & the Holocaust 5/14
50 War at a Glance 5/16
51 European Theater Timeline 5/16
52 Pacific Theater Timeline 5/16
53 WWII Study Guide 5/19
WORLD WAR IIWar in the Pacific 1942-1945
U.S. Undercuts Japanese Expansion
•Gave financial aid to China
•Cut off oil supply to Japan
•Froze Japanese assets in the U.S.
Pearl Harbor Attack• Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on
December 7, 1941
• Pearl Harbor was the home of the U.S. Pacific Fleet
• In two hours, 300 bombers sank or damaged 18 of our ships, 300 of our aircraft, 2,400 dead and 1,200 wounded
• December 8, 1941: FDR made a speech to Congress to ask for a declaration of war
Japanese Expansion
• Japan controlled Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Guam, Wake, Burma, Malaya
• Japan needed natural resources, ex. Oil, rubber• Japan attacks Philippines – pushes U.S./Filipino troops from Manila to Bataan Peninsula
• President Roosevelt orders MacArthur to leave, he promises “I shall return”
Japanese Expansion Cont.
Bataan Death March
• FDR orders MacArthur to Australia• The Philippines fall • 70,000 American/Filipino POW’s forced to march 60 miles without food or water
• More than 7,000 die
Doolittle Raid
• Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle led 16 bombers in an attack on Tokyo and other cities – April 1942
• Attack did little damage• Boosted America’s morale by showing Japan we would fight back
Battle of the Coral Sea• Off the coast of Australia, May 1942• Completely an aerial battle between planes launched from carriers (first time in history)
• No clear winner in the battle – but the U.S. did block the invasion of Australia – our ally
Battle of Midway (June 1942)• Naval battle around Midway Island in the Central Pacific• U.S. destroyed 4 Japanese carriers and 250 planes• Turning point in the war in the Pacific• Last offensive operation by Japan• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGnBaMR35-E&featur
e=player_detailpage
Date: 5/23/14
Activity: Pacific Theater
Warm Up: What was different about the naval warfare in WWII than any prior war?
Homework:
-Extra Credit due Tuesday 5/27
-Study Guide due Wednesday 5/28
-WWII Test Friday 5/30
Pg Title Date
46 SS St. Louis 5/14
47 Abandonment of the Jews 5/14
48 Did FDR betray the Jews 5/14
49 FDR & the Holocaust 5/14
50 War at a Glance 5/16
51 European Theater Timeline 5/16
52 Pacific Theater Timeline 5/16
53 WWII Study Guide 5/19
54 Reasons for Dropping the Bomb 5/23
Leapfrogging (Island Hopping) • They would capture lightly-defended islands throughout
the Pacific, one by one, until they had “HOPPED” their way towards Japan
• They would bypass some heavily defended islands• The Pacific Ocean was so BIG – the U.S. needed a way
to get closer• This would get the U.S. within striking distance of Japan
Battle of Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands)
• Air-Sea-Land campaign• August 1942 – February 1943 Americans win first major
LAND victory on the island of Guadalcanal• Takes 6 months to fully control the island• Thick jungle vegetation, heat, and disease makes combat
difficult (first taste of jungle warfare for Americans)
Navajo Code Talkers• U.S. used Navajo Indians as “Code-talkers”• Helped the U.S. communicate safely without the
Japanese translating our messages• Navajo is not a written language, understood by few
people• Made up words for terms that didn’t exist in their language
(names of birds meant “airplanes” and the word “egg” actually meant “bomb”)
Americans Retake Philippines• October 1944 – America returned to the Philippines after “Island Hopping” our way there
• General MacArthur made good on his promise to “return” to the Philippines
• Fighting will continue there until the end of the war
Iwo Jima (Feb – March 1945)• The U.S. wanted the two airfields on the island• Airfields would provide an emergency landing place for B-29 bombers
• They dug caves, tunnels, and concrete bunkers
Iwo Jima Continued• The pre-invasion bombardment of the island did little to soften the defenses
• It took a month of combat to take the island• 6,821 Marines and sailors were killed, Over 19,000 wounded
• Nearly all 22,000 Japanese soldiers were killed, or injured only 216 were taken prisoner
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWcDIMrd6eE
Flag Raising on Mt. Suribachi
• Iconic picture taken by Joseph Rosenthal.
• Taken on the 3rd day
Okinawa (April – June 1945)• Last hurdle before U.S. would invade Japan• Much larger than Iwo Jima, largest amphibious assault in
Pacific• Japanese defend island fiercely • American forces – 182,000, Japan – 120,000 • Bloody combat that lasted two months• 12,000 Americans killed and over 110,000 Japanese• +38,000 Americans wounded, +7,000 Japanese captured• Many civilians died
Kamikaze• Japanese suicide pilots• Filled planes full of explosives and crashed them into Allied warships
• Often were inexperienced pilots with outdated equipment
• Sank or damaged hundreds ships
Ticket Out: Write on the back of “Exit Ticket” you got at the beginning of class
• What was the biggest challenge of fighting Japan?
• Why might some strategists have thought the only way to win and/or end this war was to strike the Japanese with the newly developed Atomic bombs?
The Manhattan Project• U.S. feared that an invasion of Japan would result in
hundreds of thousands of American casualties – and perhaps 1-2 million Japanese casualties
• U.S. considers using an “Atomic Bomb” to end the war quickly
• Bomb had been developed as part of the “Manhattan Project”, Los Alamos New Mexico
Hiroshima and Nagasaki• President Truman warned Japan to either surrender or
else face “complete destruction”,Japan refused• August 6, 1945 U.S. drops bombs on Hiroshima (80,000
killed) from bomber Enola Gay• Three days later they drop another bomb on Nagasaki
(40,000 killed)• Many others die from radiation afterwards
Victory Japan Day• Japan surrenders 5 days after second bomb• August 14, 1945 V-J Day, Victory Japan Day• The Allies accept surrender aboard the battleship Missouri
in Tokyo Harbor• Brings an end to WWII
