aSot I kurapalati - qarTlis erismTavari daax. 790/809-813 wlebSi. adarnase bagrationis vaJi.

arabTa xalifa al-mamunis (813-833) mmarTvelobis dros, aSot adarnases Ze bagrationi qarTlis eris-mTavrad dainiSna da man safuZveli daudo bagra-tionTa dinastias.

qarTlis erismTavarma aSot I-ma isargebla arabTa xalifatis SesustebiT da iq taxtisaTvis at-exili brZoliT xalifa harun ar-raSidis Svilebs

damatebiTi informacia #2

1. wm. aSot I didi kurapalati

al-aminis (809-813) da al-mamunis (813-833) Soris da kavSiri bizantiis imperiasTan daamyara. imperator leon V-m (813-820) aSot I-is kurapalatis wodeba

qarTlis erismTavari aSot I saTaveSi edga qarTlis brZolas arabTa winaaRm-deg, magram damarcxda. arabebma qarTlSi erismTavrobis instituti gaauqmes da aSot I tao-klarjeTSi gadavida. aSot I kurapalatma tao-klarjeTis (qarTvelTa) samTa-vros Cauyara safuZveli. igi 813-826 wlebSi tao-klarjeTis (qarTvelTa) kurapalati iyo.

aSot I kurapalatma Tavis rezidenciad cixe-simagre artanuji airCia da igi qalaqad gadaaqcia. aSot I kurapalatis mmarTvelobis dros mis samflobeloSi Se-dioda: taos, klarjeTis, SavSeTis, nigalis, aWaris, javaxeTisa da artaanis miwebi.

aSot I-is dros tao-klarjeTSi daiwyo erovnuli TviTSegnebis aRorZineba - kul-turul-materialuri faseulobebis Seqmna, eklesia-monastrebis mSenebloba, romel-sac didi qarTveli sasuliero moRvawe grigol xanZTeli (759-861) xelmZRvanelobda. xanZTaSi mis mier aSenda pirveli monasteri IX s.-is dasawyisSi. aSot I didi gr-igol xanZTels opizis mSeneblobaSi exmareboda. opizis kedelze gamokveTili iyo bareliefi aSot I-is gamosaxulebiT. aSot I kurapalatma uboZa grigol xanZTels Satberdis miwebi axali monastris saamSeneblod.

aSot I kurapalati tao-klarjeTidan cdilobda qarTlis ganTavisuflebas arabebisagan da am brZolas Seewira. aSot I kurapalati daiRupa 826 wlis 29 ian-vars, moRalateebma, arabebis waqezebiT, muxanaTurad gangmires opizis eklesiaSi sakurTxevlis win. aSot I kurapalati dakrZalulia artanujSi Tavis sagvareulo saZvaleSi.

adarnase bagrationis vaJma aSot I kurapalatma tao-klarjeTis (qarTvelTa) samTavros safuZveli Cauyara. misma memkvidreebma, romlebic 898 wlidan “qarTvel-Ta mefeebad” iwodebodnen, saTave daudes bagrationTa samefo dinastias, romelic saqarTvelos aTasi wlis manZilze marTavda.

qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam aSot I kurapalati wmind-anad Seracxa da xsenebis dRed 29 ianvari (ax. stiliT 11 Tebervali)

bagrationTa saxelovanma gvarma, samefo da Tavaduri ganS-toebebidan, bevri wmidani da saxelovani mefe, politikosi, mx-edarTmTavari, sasuliero piri, mecnieri da xelovani aRuzarda

wminda dinara dedofali - klarjeTis ba-grationTa Stos warmomadgenlis adarnase II-is (†896) asuli da Zlieri erisTavT-erisTavis gurgen IV-is (918-941) da iyo. dinara dedofali iyo hereTis mefe adarnase II bagratunis (daaxl. 897/906-943) meuRle da hereTis mefe iSxanikis (daax. 943-960) deda.

qarTuli istoriuli wyaros Tanaxmad, iSx-anikis da dinar dedoflis hereTis samefoSi mmarTvelobis dros, dakavSirebulia herTa “mo-qceva” somxuri monofizitobidan marTlmadide-

2. wm. dinara dedofali

blobaze. “matiane qarTlisa”-Si aRniSnulia, rom “hereTsave, mefobamde iSxanikisa, pirvelni yovelni iyvnes mwualebelni; xolo iSxanik diswuli iyo gurgen erisTavT-erisTavida, da dedaman misman moaqcivna marTlmadidebelad, dinar dedofalman”. amasve aRniSnavs vaxuSti bagrationi: “iSxanikamde iyo hereTi mwvalebeli... xolo aman dinar dedofalman moaqcia hereTi somexTa wualebisagan marTlmadideblobis da aRmsaareblad”.

qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam dedofali dinara wmindanad Seracxa da xsenebis dRed 30 ivnisi (ax. stiliT 13 ivlisi) daawesa.

daviT IV - erTiani saqarTvelos mefe 1089-1125 wlebSi. 1089 wels sasaxlis karze gadatrialebis Se-degad giorgi II-is 16 wlis vaJi daviTi mefed gamo-acxades. man memkvidreobiT Turq-selCukebisgan gapar-taxebuli qveyana Caibara.

taxtze asvlisTanave daviT IV saqarTveloSi mo-TareSe Turq-selCukebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli raz-mebis Camoyalibebas Seudga da lokalur brZolebSi rig-rigobiT amarcxebda maT. TandaTanobiT daviT IV-m qarTlidan SeZlo Turq-selCukebis gandevna da qveynis aRorZinebas Seudga.

1097 an 1099 wels Turq-selCukTa saxelmwifos warumateblobiTa da SinaaSlilobiT isargebla daviT IV-m da sulTan barqiaruqs (1094-1105) xarkis gadaxda Seuwyvita. saqarTvelos samefom sruli da-moukidebloba aRidgina.

3. wm. daviT IV aRmaSenebeli

1103 wels daviT IV-m kldekaris saerisTavo gaauqma da samefos SemouerTa.daviT IV-m saqarTvelos erTian da Zlier saxelmwifod CamoyalibebisTvis dai-

wyo brZola.kaxeTi, hereTi da Tbilisis saamiro kvlav rCeboda saqarTvelos samefos far-

glebs gareT. kaxeTis samefos dasavleTiT zedaznis cixe-simagre mniSvnelovan for-posts warmoadgenda, romelic 1101 wels daviT IV-m kaxeTis mefes kvirike II-es (1084-1102) waarTva. 1104 wels erTiani saqarTvelos momxre didebulebma kaxeT-hereTis

ukanaskneli mefe aRsarTan II (1102-1104) Seipyres da daviT IV-es gadasces. amiT, daviT IV-m kaxeTi da hereTi sabolood Semoimtkica.

daviT IV-is gaZlierebiT SeSfoTebulma Turq-selCukTa sulTanma barqiaruqma ganjis aTabagis winamZRolobiT saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg jari gagzavna. 1104 wels erwuxTan brZolaSi daviT IV-is jarma brwyinvale gamarjveba mterze izeima.

daviT IV umaRlesi saeklesio pirebisa da didebuli erisTavebis erTobliv gamosvlas ufrTxoda. mefem ganizraxa eklesiis saxelmwifos gavlenis qveS daqvem-debareba. am mizniT 1103 wels mefe daviT IV-m moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelic qarTlis or saepiskoposo centris ruisisa da urbnisis midamoebSi mimdinareobda da amitomac, ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis saxeliT aris cnobili.

amas saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sferoSi umniSvnelovanesi reformebi mohyva. samefo xelisuflebis gaZlierebis mizniT daviT IV-m mwignobarTuxucesisa da Wyon-dideli episkoposis Tanamdebobebi gaaerTiana da “mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis” vaziris Tanamdeboba Seqmna, romelsac didi Zalaufleba mianiWa. daviT IV-is pir-veli ministri misi aRmzrdeli giorgi Wyondideli gaxda, romelsac saxelmwifos centralizaciis saqmeSi udidesi roli Seasrula.

qveynis Sida mdgomareobis ganmtkicebis Semdeg daviT IV-m ganaaxla brZola Turq-selCukebis winaaRmdeg. Tbilisi jer kidev maT epyraT, aseve, umniSvnelovanesi cixe-simagreebi da qalaqebi rusTavi, dmanisi, samSvilde, lore da sxv.

1110 wels udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda daviT IV-is mier qalaq samSvildes aRebas. amis Sedegad Turq-selCukebma ubrZolvelad datoves qvemo qarTlis umniS-vnelovaneli cixe-simagreebi. sulTanma muhamedma (1105-1118) revanSis aRebis mizniT saqarTveloSi imave wels 100 aTasiani laSqari gamogzavna. daviT IV-m mcirericx-ovani mxedrobiT moulodneli da Seupovari dartymiT Turq-selCukebi gaanadgura.

1115 wels daviT IV-is jarebma selCukebs rusTavis datoveba aiZules. 1116 wels man selCukebi taoSi daamarcxa. 1117 wels hereTisa da Sirvanis sazRvarze qarTve-lebma strategiulad mniSvnelovani giSis cixe-simagre Semoimtkices. imave wels, daviT IV-is Svilma demetre batoniSvilma Sirvanis cixe-qalaqi qalaZori aiRo. 1118 wels daviT IV-m qalaqi lore gaaTavisufla, romelic somxeTisa da samxreTis sxva qveynebis saqarTvelosTan SemaerTebeli forposto iyo. amave wels gaaTavisufla Zerna da agarani. daviT IV TandaTan Tbiliss uaxlovdeboda.

daviT IV agrZelebs samxedro reformebis gatarebas qveynis Tavdacvisunari-anobis gansamtkiceblad. man Tavis garSemo Semoikriba erTguli molaSqreni da mefis piradi gvardia “mona-spa” Camoayaliba. 1118 wels Crdilo kavkasiis stepebi-dan yivCaRTa 40 aTasi ojaxi Camoasaxla. maT meTaurobda daviT IV-is simamri aT-raqa SaraRanis Ze, romlis asuli guranduxti mas colad hyavda. daviTis laSqari ukve iTvlida yivCaRTa 40 aTasian mxedrions, monaspad wodebul 5 aTasian gvardias, romelsac mefis piradi dacva evaleboda. amave wlebSi daviT IV-is xelisuflebam CrdiloeT kavkasiaSic mkvidrad moikida fexi.

1120 wlidan daviT IV-m Turq-selCukebis winaaRmdeg brZola ganaaxla. qarTuli jari SirvanSi SeiWra, cixe-simagre kabalu aiRo da mdinare mtkvris dinebis Sua da qvemo welze myofi momTabare tomebi gaanadgura.

daviT IV-is warmatebebma mahmadiani xelisufalni SeaSfoTes. iranis selCuki mmarTvelis muhamedis vaJi mahmudi (1118-1131) mahmadianuri koaliciis organizatori gaxda. gaerTianebuli laSqris mxedarTmTavrad jvarosnebTan brZolebSi mraval-gzis gamarjvebuli nejd ad-din ilRazi dainiSna. 1121 wlis 12 agvistos gadamwyvet brZolaSi didgoris velze 300 aTasiani koaliciuri armia daviT IV-is 56 aTasianma laSqarma daamarcxa da brwyinvale gamarjveba moipova. didgoris brZolam yvelas daanaxa, rom saqarTvelo iqca amierkavkasiis da wina aziis erT-erT uZlieres saxelmwifod.

saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis Tbilisis SemoerTebas xels aRaraferi uSlida. erTi wlis Semdeg daviT IV-m Tbilisi aiRo da dedaqalaqi quTaisidan aq gadmoitana.

1124 wels somxeTis yofil dedaqalaqis anisis uxucesobam daviT IV-s qalaqis

gaTavisufleba da misi saqarTvelos samefos SemadgenlobaSi miReba sTxova. 1124 wlis agvistoSi somxuri mosaxleobis mxardaWeriT daviTma 60 aTasiani laSqari Sekriba da sam dReSi qalaqi aiRo da Tavis samefos SemouerTa.

dauRalavi da Tavdadebuli aRmSeneblobiTi saqmianobis gamo, qarTvelma erma daviT IV-s “aRmaSenebeli” uwoda. saqarTvelo, masSi mosaxle sxvadasxva erovnebe-biTa da gansxvavebuli aRmsareblobis xalxebiT, nikofsiidan darubandamde da os-eTidan aregawamde, wina aziis uZlieres saxelmwifos warmoadgenda.

daviT IV yvelanairad cdilobda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukide-blobisTvis xazis gasmas. vidre taxtis memkvidre iyo, daviT IV sevastosisa da pa-nipersevastosis bizantiur titulebs atarebda, magram, rodesac saqarTvelos erT-pirovnuli mmarTveli gaxda, uari Tqva yvela bizantiur wodebaze, riTac bizantiis imperiisagan qarTuli saxelmwifos damoukideblobas gausva xazi.

daviT IV aRmaSenebeli gamorCeuli pirovneba iyo. did gamWriaxobasTan da mt-kice nebisyofasTan erTad gamoirCeoda goliaTuri aRnagobiT da simamaciT. taxtze asvlis Semdeg 16 wlis Wabuki male Suasaukuneebis saqarTvelos yvelaze gamoCenil politikur moRvawed da mxedarTmTavrad iqca. amave dros, man Tavisi drois Ses-aferisi farTo ganaTleba miiRo. icoda ramdenime aRmosavluri ena, xolo Tavis rCeul biblioTekas laSqrobebis drosac Tan atarebda. mefe daviT IV-is kalams ekuTvnis originaluri poeturi nawarmoebi - “galobani sinanulisani”.

1106 wels daviT IV-m safuZveli Cauyara gelaTis mTavari taZrisa da monastris mSeneblobas, romelic mis Semdeg bagrationTa erT-erT mTavar saZvaled iqca. davi-Tis mierve daarsda gelaTis akademia, mefis brZanebiT SiomRvimis lavraSi RvTism-Soblis eklesia aSenda.

1125 wlis 24 ianvars “mze qristianobisa” - daviT IV aRmaSenebeli gardaicvala. qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam mefe daviT IV aRmaSenebeli wmindanad Ser-acxa da xsenebis dRed 26 ianvari (ax. stiliT 8 Tebervali) daawesa.

mefe daviT IV aRmaSenebeli dakrZales gelaTis monastris SesasvlelSi da mis saflavis qvas aweria Semdegi epitafia: “ese ars gansasuenebeli Cemi ukuniTi uku-nisamde. ese mTnavs; aqa davemkvidro me”.

Tamari - erTiani saqarTvelos mefe 1184-1213 wlebSi. mefe giorgi III-is ufrosi asuli. 1184 wels giorgi III-is gardacvalebidan Tamari xelmeored akurTxes mefed. mefed kurTxevis ceremoniaze mas simbolurad xmali Semoartyes.

1185 wels saxelmwifo darbazis moTxovniT Tamari daqorwinda vladimiris didi mTavris an-dria bogoliubskis vaJze - iurize (giorgi rusze). saqarTveloSi giorgi rusad cnobili Tamaris meuR-le konsorti mamaci meomari aRmoCnda. orwlinax-evris ganmavlobaSi qarTulma laSqarma misi mxedar-TmTavrobiT samxreTis sazRvrebze Turq-selCukebi ramdenjerme daamarcxa. sxva mxriv maTi SeuRleba uiRblo aRmoCnda. Tamarma masTan kavSiri gawyvita da giorgi rusi konstantinopolSi gauSves. 1189 wels Tamars meuRle-konsortad SeurCies bagration-Ta sagvareulos warmomadgeneli, mefe giorgi I-is

4. wm. Tamar saqarTvelos mefe

STamomavali, daviT soslani.XII s.-is 90-ian wlebSi qveynis Sinapolitikuri viTarebis ganmtkicebisTanave

Tamar mefem sagareo politikis ganxorcielebas iwyebs. 1195 wels azerbaijanis aTa-bagi abu beqri (1195-1210) SirvanSi SeiWra. Sirvanis Sahma aRsarTanma Tamar mefes daxmareba sTxova. 1195 wlis 16 ivniss SamqorTan brZolaSi qarTvelebma brwyinvale gamarjvebas miaRwies.

qarTvelTa laSqarma male ganja aiRo, ris Semdeg Tamarma laSqari somxeTSi mahmadiani amirebis winaaRmdeg gagzavna. 1196 wels amberdis cixesTan erTad ge-laqunis regioni gaaTavisufles, 1199 wels - anisi, 1201 wels - bijnisi, 1203 wels qalaqi dvini; amave dros, qarTulma jarma Zlevamosili laSqrobebi ganaxorciela Woroxis zeda welsa da basianSi.

1202 wels saqarTvelos samefos siZlieriT SeSfoTebulma axlo aRmosavleTis mahmadianma xelisuflebma rumis sulTnis ruqn-ad-dinis (1196-1204) meTaurobiT 400 aTasiani koaliciuri laSqari Sekriba, romelic basianSi dabanakda. saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan dauyonebliv Sekrebilma laSqarma Tavi javaxeTSi moiyara. qar-Tuli jaris, gorgaslian-daviTiani droSisa da daviT soslanis dasalocad Tamari varZiaSi mibrZanda da varZiis RvTismSobels Seevedra. varZiis monastridan moyole-buli laSqris win mTeli dRe fexSiSvelma iara. 90 aTasiani qarTuli jari basians miadga. 1202 wlis 27 ivlis basianis velze momxdar brZolaSi qarTulma jarma udidesi gamarjveba moipova.

1204 wels saqarTveloSi samxreTidan momavali erT-erTi magistraluri gzis mTavari qalaqi yarsi (kari) Tamarma Tavis samefos SemouerTa. 1204 wels Tamaris daxmarebiT trapizonis imperia daarsda, romelic saqarTveloze vasalurad iyo damokidebuli. trapizonis taxtze Tamarma Tavisi naTesavi aleqsi komnenosi (1204-1222) aiyvana.

1206 wels Tamaris meuRle-konsorti daviT soslani gardaicvala. Tanamosay-dred Tamar mefem Tavisi vaJi giorgi-laSa gamoacxada.

1208-1209 wlebSi saqarTvelos samefos vasalebad Tavi scnes xlatis, arWeSis da ardebilis sulTnebma. 1210 wels amirspasalar zaqaria mxargrZelis meTaurobiT qarTulma jarma iranSi ilaSqra da qalaqebi marandi, Tavrizi, miana, zenjani da yaz-vini erTimeoris miyolebiT aiRes.

Tamaris mefobis bolo periodSi saqarTvelos samefoSi Semodioda: somxeTi, Sirvani, Crdilo kavkasia, samxreT azerbaijani; amis garda, misi gavlenis sferoSi iyo: trapizonis samefo, arzrumisa da erzinjanis saamiroebi, xlatis, ganjisa da adarbadaganis sasulTnoebi. saqarTvelo wina aziis uZlieresi saxelmwifo gaxda. Tamaris mefobis dros dasrulda grandiozuli varZiis samonastro kompleqsis mSenebloba. amave xanebSi aSenda beTaniis, berTubnis da sxv. mravali eklesia. Tam-ar mefis dros Seiqmna SoTa rusTavelis ukvdavi poema “vefxistyaosani”. Tamaris saxeli sicocxleSive legendad iqca. 1213 wlis 25 ianvars saxelganTquli Tamari gardaicvala. Tamar mefe dakrZales gelaTSi, andria pirvelwodebulis eqvterSi.

qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam Tamar mefe wmindanad Seracxa da xsenebis dRed 1 maiss (ax. stiliT 14 maiss) daawesa.

demetre II - erTiani saqarTvelos mefe 1270-1289 wlebSi. mefe daviT VII ulus da gvanca dedofalis vaJi. Tavisi ufrosi Zmis giorgis gardacvalebis Semdeg demetre taxtis memkvidre gaxda, xolo 1270 wlidan, mamis gardacvalebis gamo, abaga yaenis (1265-1282) mier saqarTvelos erTpirovnul mmarTvelad gamocxadda. 1272 wels yaenis karze myofma demetre II-m, misi daZalebiT, sadun mankaberdels aTabagis wodeba uboZa.

amis Semdeg sadunma mTlianad xelT igdo qvey-nis gamgeblobis sadaveebi. 1278 wels man demetre

5. wm. demetre II Tavdadebuli saqarTvelos mefe

II-gan wyalobiT miiRo qalaqebi Telavi da belaqani. 1281 wels sadun mankaberdeli gardaicvala.

saqarTvelo im dros iZulebuli iyo monawileoba mieRo yaenTa mier egviptis sasulTnos winaaRmdeg warmoebul brZolebSi. 1281 wels siriaSi himsTan brZolaSi monRolebi damarcxdnen, xolo demetre II saswaulebriv gadaurCa sikvdils.

1282 wels yaen abaRas (1265-1282) sikvdilis Semdeg taxtze misi Zma ahmedi (1282-1284) avida, romelmac mahmadianoba miiRo. male is taxtidan abaRas vaJma arRunma (1284-1291) Camoagdo. ahmedi Zalauflebis dabrunebas Seecada, jarebs Tavi mouyara da demetre II-s dasaxmareblad mouwoda. gaerTianebulma laSqarma marTalia gaimarjva, magram arRunma kvlav Camoagdo ahmedi da Zalaufleba sabolood igdo xelT.

arRunis mmarTvelobis dros demetre II-is mdgomareoba gaumjobesda. is ar-Runis pirvel vezir buRasTan megobrobda, romlis Svils Tavisi asuli rusudani miaTxova. yaenis sasaxleSi buRa mxars uWerda saqarTvelos mefes.

magram sul male viTareba Seicvala. 1288 wels arRun yaenis winaaRmdeg SeTq-muleba gaixsna. masSi eWvmitanili buRa da misi Svili sikvdiliT dasajes. yaenma buRas yvela naTesavi da momxre mospi.

arRunma buRasTan saqarTvelos mefis siaxlove kargad uwyoda, amitom deme-tre II saqarTvelodan gamoiZaxa. demetre II-m darbazi moiwvia. misma wevrebma mefes ojaxiTurT mTebSi Sexizvna urCies, magram man es winadadeba uaryo. mefe demetre II-m SesaniSnavad icoda, rom yaenTan ar gamocxadebas qveynisTvis damsjeli laSqris gamogzavna mohyveboda. Tavisi mravalricxovani ojaxis wevrebi demetre II-m yaenis SurisZiebis SiSiT sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi gaxizna, TviTon ki monRolTa yaenTan gae-marTa. man kargad icoda, rom ukan cocxali veRar dabrundeboda.

1289 wlis 12 marts mefe demetre II-es Tavi mohkveTes. qarTvelma xalxma mas de-metre II Tavdadebuli uwoda.

qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam mefe demetre II Tavdadebuli wmind-anad Seracxa da xsenebis dRed 12 marts (ax. stiliT 25 marts) daawesa.

vaxtang III - erTiani saqarTvelos mefe 1298-1308 wlebSi. erTiani saqarTvelos mefe, demetre II Tavdade-bulisa da Teodora (komnenis) dedoflis meore vaJi. ufrosi Zmis daviT VIII-is gamefebis Semdeg vaxtang batoniSvili misi saimedo mokavSire gaxda. 1297 wels vaxtang batoniSvili Zmam iranis yaenis sawinaaRmde-god oqros urdoSi kavSiris dasamyareblad gagzavna. oqros urdos ToxTa yaenma igi didi pativiT miiRo.

daviT VIII yazan yaenis winaaRmdeg ajanyebis Sem-deg, 1298 wlidan Zmebs Soris urTierToba garTulda, rasac amave wels vaxtang III-is pirveli gamefeba mohy-

6. wm. vaxtang III saqarTvelos mefe

va. mefe vaxtang III mravaljer monawileobda ilxanTa laSqrobebSi. 1299-1300 wlebSi yazan yaenma egviptis sulTani nasir ad-din muhamadi (1299-1309) daamarcxa, alepo, damasko da siriis sxva qalaqebi daikava, raSic mniSvnelovani wvlili vaxtang III-is laSqarma Seitana. 1300 wels ierusalimis dakavebis Semdeg yazan yaenma mefe vaxtangi 1300 wlidan 1005 wlamde ierusalimis mmarTvelad daniSna, ris Sedegadac mefem izruna ierusalimSi arsebul qarTul savaneebis aRdgenasa da ayvavebaze. am periodSi wminda qalaqi qarTvelebis xelSi imyofeboda.

1308 wels mefe vaxtang III gardaicvala. igi dmanisis RvTismSoblis taZarSi dakrZales.

qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam mefe vaxtang III wmindanad Seracxa da xsenebis dRed 10 dekembers (ax. stiliT 23 dekembers) daawesa.

wminda qeTevan dedofali - bagrationTa gverdi-Ti Stos warmomadgenlis Tavadi aSoTanis asuli iyo. qeTevan dedofali kaxeTis mefe daviT I bagrationis (1601-1602) meuRle da mefe Teimuraz I-is (1606-1663) deda iyo.

1601 wlis zafxulSi mefe aleqsandre II-is mZime avadmyofobis dros mis Svilebs - daviT ufliswulsa da umcros Zmas giorgi batoniSvils Soris taxtisa-Tvis brZola daiwyo. am brZolaSi daviT ufliswuli

7. wm. qeTevan kaxeTis dedofali

gamovida gamarjvebuli, romelmac 1601 wlis oqtomberSi aleqsandre II aiZula Za-laufleba misTvis gadaeca da TviTon daviT-garejis monasterSi berad aRkvecili-yo.

1602 wlis 1 ivliss kaxeTSi jer kidev 1598 wels ruseTSi mefe aleqsandre II-is mier gagzavnili elCebi dabrundnen. maTTan erTad ruseTis axali mefis boris godunovis elCebi naSCekini da leontievi Camovidnen. maT amcnes ruseTis mefis gadawyvetileba Samxalis winaaRmdeg laSqrobis mowyobis Taobaze da kaxeTis mefes

boris godunovisadmi erTgulebis fici mosTxoves. rusi elCebis audiencias mefe daviT I-Tan erTad misi meuRle, dedofali qeTevani da berad aRkvecili aleqsandre II eswrebodnen.

1602 wlis 21 oqtombers mefe daviT I moulodnelad gardaicvala. Svilis sikvdilis Semdeg kaxeTis taxtze kvlav mama - aleqsandre II avida.

aleqsandre II-m 1604 wels iZulebuli gaxda iranSi mZevlebad gaegzavna daviT I-is qvrivi qeTevani SvilebTan - TeimurazTan da elenesTan erTad. male elene baton-iSvili Sah abas I-is coli gaxda. Sahis moTxovnebis miuxedavad qeTevan dedofali Tavis SvilTan - TeimurazTan erTad qristianad rCeboda.

mefe aleqsandre II-is meoTxe vaJi konstantine batoniSvili, romelic dedofal TinaTinisgan SeeZina, pataraobisas iranSi mZevlad gagzavnes da Sahis sasaxleSi izrdeboda. iranSi kaxeTis batoniSvilma - konstantine-mirzas saxeliT mahmadian-oba miiRo. iranSi Sah abas I-is gamoCenisTanave konstantine-mirza misi Tanamoazre gaxda.

1604-1605 wlebSi konstantine-mirza erevnis cixe-simagris alyaSi monawileobda, sadac 1604 wlis aprilSi iranisSahis misaSveleblad misi mama - aleqsandre II mivida Tavisi laSqriT. Sah abas I-ma konstantines Sirvani uboZa, romelic Turqebs ekavaT da 1605 wels mama-Svili kaxeTSi gamogzavna, raTa maT Sirvanis gasaTavisuf-leblad laSqari SeekribaT. Sahma konstantines yizilbaSTa razmebi aaxla da mamis mokvlisa da taxtis dapatronebis saidumlo brZaneba misca.

kaxeTSi dabrunebul aleqsandre II-es da konstantine-mirzas rusi elCebi m.tatiSCevi da a.ivanovi daxvdaT, romlebmac maT amcnes rusuli jaris gamosvlis Sesaxeb Samxalis winaaRmdeg da aleqsandre II-es Tavisi laSqriT masSi monawileo-bis miReba sTxoves.

1605 wlis 12 marts konstantines Tanmxlebma yizilbaSebma rusi elCebis Tval-win mefe aleqsandre II da konstantines Zma giorgi batoniSvili sicocxles gamo-asalmes da maT sasaxleSi myofi kaxeli Tavadebic amowyvites.

konstantinem Tavi kaxeTis mefed gamoacxada, magram Tavadebis umravlesobam is ar scnes. male kaxeTSi mefe daviT I-is qvrivis qeTevan dedoflis meTaurobiT ajan-yebam ifeTqa. kaxelebi mamismkvleli mahmadiani mefis konstantine I-is winaaRmdeg gamovidnen. maT dasaxmareblad qarTlis mefis giorgi X-is jaric movida. 1605 wlis 22 oqtombers mdinare belaqanTan brZolaSi mefe konstantine I mokles kaxeTis same-fos mmarTveloba gadavida qeTevan dedoflis xelSi.

1606 wels Sah abas I iZulebuli gaxda kaxeTis taxtze daviT I-is da qeTevan dedoflis Svili - qristiani batoniSvili Teimurazi daemtkicebina.

Ddro gadioda, qarTveli mefeebi qveynis damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi mokav-Sired qristianul ruseTs miiCnevdnen da awarmoebdnen molaparakebebs.

1614 wels daumorCilebeli qarTveli mefeebis winaaRmdeg Sah-abasi uzarmazari laSqriT wamovida. yarabaRSi mosulma Sahma Teimuraz I-gan erTgulebis dasamtkice-blad mZevlebis gagzavna mosTxova. Teimuraz I iZulebuli gaxda SahisaTvis jer deda - qeTevan dedofali, xolo Semdeg Tavisi Svilebi - levani da aleqsandre gaugzavna.

1618 wels TurqeTis armia iranSi SeiWra. 3000 kaxeli meomriT Turqebis laSqris mowinaveTa rigebSi mefe Teimuraz I ibrZoda. Sah-abasma gadawyvita Teimu-raz I-is mZevlebs gasworeboda. 1620 wels Sahis brZanebiT Teimuraz I-is Svilebi levani da aleqsandre daasaWurises, xolo 1624 wlis 12 oqtombers yizilbaSebma qeTevan dedofali musulmanobis ar miRebis gamo sastikad awames. qarTulma mar-Tlmadideblurma da kaTolikurma eklesiam qeTevan dedofali wmindanad Seracxa. xsenebis dRed qarTulma eklesiam 13 oqtomberi (ax. stiliT 26 oqtomberi) daawesa.

luarsab II - qarTlis mefe 1606-1615 wlebSi. luarsab II mefe giorgi X-is da dedofal Tamar, giorgi lipartelianis asulis vaJi iyo. 1606 wels giorgi X-is gardacvalebis Semdeg, qarTlis mefed luarsab batoniSvili gaxda, romelsac TurqebTan omis gagrZeleba evaleboda. 1609 wels taSiskarTan brZolaSi misma laSqarma giorgi saakaZis meTauro-biT Turqebi daamarcxa.

luarsab II-is mefobis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos politikur arenaze gamoCnda qarTlis aznaurebis saakaZeebis ojaxis warmomadgeneli, didi qarTveli mxedarTmTavari giorgi saakaZe, romelsac qarTveli

8. wm. luarsab II qarTlis mefe

eri “did mouravs” uwodebda. 1609 wels cxireTis cixeSi (mefis sazafxulo rezi-dencia) yofnis dros, luarsab II-s Turqebi daesxden Tavs. sul mokle droSi giorgi saakaZem 9 aTasiani razmi Sekriba da TurqTa mravalricxovani laSqari qarTlidan gaaZeva. amis Semdeg luarsab II-m giorgi saakaZe daiaxlova.

1610 wels Sahis daJinebuli moTxovniT luarsab II iranSi sapatio stumrad Cav-ida. Turqebis winaaRmdeg luarsabis gamarjvebiT kmayofilma Sahma qarTlis mefes Tbilisi daubruna.

1611 wels iranidan dabrunebulma luarsab II-m giorgi saakaZis da, romlis saxeli ucnobia, SeirTo colad. mefis Camosvlamde giorgi saakaZis winaaRmdeg Zlieri opozicia Camoyalibda. ukmayofilo qarTlis Tavadebs saTaveSi Sadiman baraTaSvili Caudga. maT mefisa da giorgi saakaZis dapirispireba moaxerxes, ris Semdegac luarsab II imave wels meuRles gaeyara. SemdgomSi luarsab mefe aRar daqorwinebula. 1612 wels giorgi saakaZe iZulebuli gaxda samSoblo daetovebina da iranSi gadaxvewiliyo.

1612 wels daqvrivebul kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I-s luarsab II-m Tavisi da xore-Sani miaTxova, riTac kaxeTis samefosTan gaaZliera kavSiri agresiuli zraxvebis mqone iranis Sahis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.

1614 wels Sah-abasi mravalricxovani jarebiT aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Se-movida. luarsab II-m da Teimuraz I-ma ukan daixies da mefe giorgi III-Tan imereTs Seafares Tavi. Sah-abass ajanyebuli mefeebis gadacemaze giorgi III-m mtkice uari ganucxada. imereTSi myofma qarTvelma mefeebma dasaxmareblad TurqeTis sulTans ahmed I-s (1603-1617) mimarTes.

Sah-abasTan Serigebis aucileblobaSi luarsab II Sadiman baraTaSvilma daar-wmuna. 1615 wlis oqtombris TveSi qarTlSi mobrunebuli luarsab II Sah-abas eaxla, romelmac is didi pativiT miiRo da male iranSi waiyvana. iq Sah-abasma mefe lu-arsabs mahmadianobis miReba mosTxova, razec man uari ganucxada. Sahis brZanebiT qarTlis mefe jer astrabadSi, xolo Semdeg Sirazis cixeSi gadaiyvanes.

iranis Sahis karze mosamsaxure qarTulma Tavadobam Sahs luarsab II-is gan-Tavisufleba mravalgzis sTxova. qarTveli mefis Sewynarebis Sesaxeb TxovniT Sah-abass ruseTis mefe mixeil Tevdores Zemac (1613-1645) mimarTa, magram amaod.

male iranSi Sah-abasis winaaRmdeg SeTqmuleba daiwyo, romelSic Sahis karze myofi qarTvelebic monawileobas iRebdnen. Sahma SeTqmulebaSi luarsabis monaw-ileobaSic Seitana eWvi da 1622 wels, misi brZanebiT, Sirazis cixeSi qarTveli mefe mogudes.

qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam mefe luarsab II wmindanad Seracxa da xsenebis dRed 21 ivnisi (ax. stiliT 4 ivlisi) daawesa.

solomon II - imereTis mefe 1789-1810 wlebSi. ar-Cil batoniSvilisa da elenes vaJi – batoniSvili daviTi (solomon II), mamis mxridan mefe solomon I-is ZmiSvili, xolo dedis mxridan qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle II-is SviliSvili. man bavSvoba da siWabuke Tavisi papis, erekle II-is sasaxleSi gaatara.

1780 wels aleqsandre batoniSvilis gardacva-lebis Semdeg, mefe solomon I-ma, romelsac kanonieri memkvidre ar rCeboda, Tavis gamgrZeleblad daviT arCilis Ze (solomon II) gamoacxada. batoniSvili daviT arCilis Zis mcirewlovnobis gamo, imereTis taxtze pretenzia ganacxada gardacvlili mefis bi-ZaSvilma – daviT giorgis Zem (daviT II), romelmac mcire brZolebis Semdeg taxti daikava.

male daviT II-is mefobiT ukmayofilo imereTis Tavadebma SeTqmuleba moawyves, rasac viTarebis gamwvaveba mohyva. qarTl-kaxeTis mefem erekle II-m imereTis samefo taxtze aiyvana Tavisi SviliSvili solomon II.

1790 wels qarTl-kaxeTis mefem erekle II-m, im-ereTis mefem solomon II-m, agreTve samegrelos da

9. wm. solomon II imereTis mefe

guriis mTavrebma grigol dadianma da simon gurielma xeli moaweres xelSekrue-bas, riTac aRiares erekle mefis suverenoba da gareSe mtrebis winaaRmdeg samxe-dro kavSiri Sekres. es xelSekruleba istoriaSi “iverielTa erTobis traqtatis” saxeliT Sevida.

1795 wels solomon II oriaTasiani laSqriT Tavisi papis erekle II-is dasaxmare-blad aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida da aRa-mahmad-xanis (1794-1797) winaaRmdeg krwanisis brZolaSi miiRo monawileoba.

1801 wels ruseTma qarTl-kaxeTis samefo gaauqma da imperias SeuerTa. am aqtiT daiwyo mTeli saqarTvelos ruseTis farglebSi aneqsiis procesi. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi damkvidrebis Semdeg ruseTma dasavleT saqarTvelos mimarT Tur-qeTis poziciebi arafrad Caagdo da aq saboloo gabatoneba ganizraxa. imereTis samefos saqmeebSi Carevis sababad iqca daviT II-is qvrivis, dedofal anas Civili imis Sesaxeb, rom muxuris cixeSi solomon II-is mier dakavebuli iyo misi vaJi kon-stantine batoniSvili. ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma (1801-1825) imereTSi gansakuTrebuli elCi gamogzavna werilTan erTad, romelSic mefe solomon II-s kon-stantine batoniSvilis ganTavisuflebas sTxovda. mefe solomon II-m uariT upasuxa, radganac eSinoda, rom ruseTi batoniSvils mis winaaRmdeg gamoiyenebda.

ruseTma solomon II-s imereTSi myof erekle II-is SvilebTan iulonTan da farnaozTan kavSirSi daadanaSaula, romlebic aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan ruseTis jarebis gandevnas da iq bagrationTa dinastiis aRdgenas apirebdnen. mefe solomon II-m Zlier mezobelTan urTierTobebis saboloo gafuWebas moerida da konstantine batoniSvili patimrobidan gaaTavisufla. Tavisi loialobis niSnad ruseTis mTa-vrobas iranis Sahis faTh-ali-xanis (1797-1834) werili gaugzavna, sadac mas ruseTis winaaRmdeg kavSirs sTavazobdnen. amis sapasuxod 1801 wlis 1 agvistos imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma mefe solomon II aleqsandre nevelis ordeniT daajildova.

mefe solomon II-s kargad esmoda, rom ruseTis momdevno nabiji imereTis same-fos gauqmeba iqneboda, amitom gadawyvita dasavleT saqarTveloSi Tavisi poziciebi ganemtkicebina. am mizniT jer kidev 1802 wels, moRalate samegrelos mTavris grigol dadianis winaaRmdeg gailaSqra da misi samflobelo TiTqmis mTlianad daimorCila.

dadianma ruseTs mimarTa TxovniT, raTa samegrelos samTavro Tavisi mfarvelobis qveS miiRo. 1803 wlis 14 dekembers samegrelo ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi Sevida. es aqti solomon II-is winaaRmdegac iqna mimarTuli. solomon II iZulebuli gaxda ruseTis imperatorisaTvis imereTis samefos imperiis mfarvelobis qveS miRebis Ses-axeb TxovniT miemarTa, rac 1804 wlis 25 aprils gaformda kidec. am xelSekrulebas xeli moewera sofel elaznaurSi.

1806 wels ruseT-TurqeTis morigi omi daiwyo. dasavleT saqarTveloSi Ses-ulma ruseTis jarebma aqtiuri saomari moqmedebebi daiwyes. solomon II-m masSi monawileoba ar miiRo. misma neitralitetma ruseTis samxedro xelmZRvanelobis gaRizianeba gamoiwvia.

solomon II-s mokavSirisadmi dauxmarebloba dabralda, ruseTma imereTis same-fos gauqmeba gadawyvita. 1810 wels solomon II ruseTis samxedro xelmZRvanelebma saqarTveloSi daapatimres, TbilisSi gadmoiyvanes da cixeSi Caamwyvdies. 1810 wlis 11 maiss mefe solomon II cixidan axalcixeSi gaiqca, saidanac imereTSi Cavida da mosaxleobas ruseTis winaaRmdeg ajanyebisken mouwodebda. 1810 wlis zafxulSi igi saTaveSi Caudga ajanyebas, romelic imave wlis Semodgomaze CaaxSves.

solomon II axalcixis gavliT TurqeTSi, trapizonSi gadavida, sadac dedaqala-qis gubernatoris, qarTveli mahmadianis osmal-faSa xezindaraSvilis mier didi pativiT iqna miRebuli. trapizonSi solomon II sayovelTao pativiT da didebiT sargeblobda, imyofeboda sulTan mahmud II-is (1808-1839) karze, romelic qarTvel mefes imereTSi rusebis winaaRmdeg ajanyebis organizebaSi dapirda daxmarebas. mefe solomon II saidumlod Cavida afxazeTSi da imereTSi Tavis yofil vasalebTan sando xalxi gagzavna. afxazeTSi TavadebTan Sexvedrisas solomon II darwmunda, rom maT brZolis dawyeba ar surdaT da yvelaze metad sakuTari keTildReoba ain-teresebdaT. imereTidan kvlav cudi ambebi modioda. mefis momxreebi sul ufro da ufro mcirdebodnen. imed dakarguli solomon II trapizonSi dabrunda da aqtiur saqmianobas CamoSorda.

1815 wlis 7 Tebervals imereTis ukanaskneli mefe solomon II TurqeTSi ise gardaicvala, rom meuRlisgan - mariam dedoflisagan memkvidreebi ar darCenia. solomon II trapizonSi wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiis ezoSi dakrZales.

1990 wlis 23 noembers imereTis mefe solomon II-is neSti trapizonidan saqarTveloSi gadmoasvenes da gelaTis RvTismSoblis taZarSi dakrZales.

qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam mefe solomon II wmindanad Seracxa da xsenebis dRed 7 Tebervals (ax. stiliT 20 Tebervals) daawesa.

10. wm. anton II saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriar-

anton II bagrationi - sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi 1788-1811 wlebSi. eriskacobaSi Teimuraz bagrationi. daibada 1762 wlis 8 ianvars. igi iyo qarTl-kaxeTis mefis erekle II-is (1744-1798) da dedofal darejanis Svili. Teimuraz batoniS-vilma ganaTleba Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi da ruseTSi miiRo. 1783 wels georgievskis traqta-tis dadebis Semdeg saqarTvelodan ruseTSi gae-mgzavra sagangebo delegacia garsevan WavWavaZis meTaurobiT, romelSic erekle II-is Svilebi - ba-

toniSvilebi miriani da beri antoni Sediodnen. 1784 wels antoni ninowmindis episkoposad daadgines. imave wels antoni dauswreblad alaverdis mitropolitis xarisxSi aiyvanes.

anton I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg 1788 wlis 29 oqtombers anton II mcxeTis svet-icxovlis kaTedralur taZarSi kaTolikos-patriarqad akurTxes. 1801 wels ruseTis imperiam gaauqma qarTl-kaxeTis samefo da daiwyo qarTuli eklesiis SezRudva. ruseTis mTavroba sababs eZebda, raTa igi Camoecilebina sakaTolikoso taxtidan. ruseTis imperator aleqsandre I-is (1801-1825) daJinebuli “mipatiJebiT” anton II gae-mgzavra ruseTSi. 1811 wels ruseTis imperiam gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoke-falia da kaTolikos-patriarqis Tanamdeboba. kaTolikosi anton II sacxovreblad q. niJni-novgorodSi gadaiyvanes, sadac mefe vaxtang VI-is STamomavlebi cxovrobdnen.

1827 wlis 21 dekembers kaTalikos-patriarqi anton II gardaicvala. dakrZalul iqna niJni-novgorodis xarebis saxelobis taZarSi, xolo 1841 wels misi neSti feris-cvalebis axal monasterSi gadaasvenes. qarTulma marTlmadidebelma eklesiam igi wmindanad Seracxa da xsenebis dRed Zv. stiliT 23 dekembers (ax. stiliT 3 ianvari) daawesa.

11. adarnase II qarTvelTa mefe da kurapalati

adarnase II - qarTvelTa kurapalati 891-923 wlebSi, xolo 898-923 wlebSi - qarTvelTa mefe.

daviT I kurapalatis Svilma adarnasem, pirvelma tao-klarjeTis bagrationTa Soris, mas Semdeg gamoacxada Tavi qarTvelTa mefed, rac misi mamis mkvleli nasri mokles. 891 wels, gurgen I kurapalatis gardacvalebis Semdeg, bizantiis imperator-ma leon VI-m (886-912) adarnases kurapalatis tituli uboZa. misi saxiT bagrationTa gvarSi taos Stom pirveloba daibruna.

IX-X saukuneebis mijnaze qarTlis teritoriebisTvis ori uZlieresi poli-tikuri erTeuli ebrZoda erTmaneTs - afxazeTis da somxeTis samefoebi. adarnase II, rogorc Tavis mamis politikis gamgrZelebeli, somxeTis samefosTan karg urTier-Tobas inarCunebda. 891 wels adarnase II somxeTSi gaemarTa aSot I-is vaJis sumbatis mxardasaWerad, magram sumbatis biZam abasma igi Seipyro da yarsis cixeSi Caamwyvdia. sumbat I-ma SeZlo taxtze asvla da Tavisi mokavSiris gaTavisufleba.

Semdgom etapze sumbat I (891-914) iZulebuli gaxda samSoblodan gaqceuliyo da TavSesafari adarnase II-Tan moeZebna.

im droisTvis qarTul samefo-samTavroebs Soris Zlierdeba afxazTa samefo. adarnase II-is da sumbat I-is kavSiri swored afxazTa samefos winaaRmdeg iyo mima-rTuli.

904 wels afxazTa mefem konstantine III-m (893-922) Sida qarTli daikava. sumbat I-ma da adarnase II-m mis winaaRmdeg gailaSqres. damarcxebuli konstantine III sum-bat I-ma tyved aiyvana, magram male metoqeebi dazavdnen. konstantine III tyveobidan gaTavisuflda, ris gamoc adarnase II da sumbat I erTmaneTs gaemijnen.

913 wels arabTa xalifas al-muqTadiris (908-932) nacvali abul yasimi somxeTSi SeiWra. misi mxardaWeriT adarnase II-m droebiT SeZlo qarTlis dakaveba.

914 wels sumbat I arabebma sikvdiliT dasajes, xolo adarnase II-m mxari dauWira, SemdgomSi rkinis aSotad wodebulis, sumbat I-is vaJis aSotis gamefebas, romelic Tavis mxriv adarnase II-s emxroboda. qarTvelTa mefis da kurapalatis adarnase II-is da somxeTis mefis aSot II-is (914-928) kavSiri mimarTuli iyo ba-grationTa klarjeTis Stos wamomadgenlis gurgen IV erisTavT-erisTavis (918-941) winaaRmdeg, romelsac adreve hqonda mWidro urTierToba aSoT II-is ZmasTan da maT biZaSvilTan - aSot sparapetTan.

adarnase II-m istorias eklesiebis da monastrebis mSeneblobiTac daamCnia kva-li. taoSi man aRadgina banas kaTedrali da iq saepiskoposo kaTedra daaarsa, sadac pirvel episkoposad kvirike baneli daadgina.

12. daviT III didi, “yovlisa aR-mosavleTisa” kurapalati

daviT III - taos mefe 966-1001 wlebSi, xolo 979-1001 wlebSi - “yovlisa aRmosavleTisa” kura-palati. tao-klarjeTis umaRlesi mmarTvelis adarnase III kurapalatis umcrosi vaJi, bagra-tionTa taos Stos warmomadgeneli.

961 wels adarnase III kurapalatis umcros-ma Svilma daviT III-m ufros ZmasTan bagratTan erTad mama adarnase III taxtidan gadaayenes da berad aRkveces. 966 wels ufrosi Zmis bagrat IV erisTavT-erisTavis gardacvalebis Semdeg davi-Ti zemo (samxreT) taos, CrdiloeT basianis, Tor-Tumis, javaxeTis kolas, artaanisa da SavSeTis sruluflebiani mmarTveli gaxda. am dros, igi atarebda magistrosisa da taos mefis titulebs. X s.-is Sua wlebSi qarTvelTa samefos sazRvari mdinare araqsze gadioda.

daviT III-is meTaurobiT ganxorcielda misi Svilobilisa bagrat III-is gamefe-bisa da erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmnis gegma.

X saukunis 70-ian wlebSi qarTli, rogorc amierkavkasiis centraluri gasaRebi, mwvave brZolebis asparezs warmoadgens. situaciis garTulebasTan dakavSirebiT qarTlSi afxazTa mefis erisTavma ioane maruSisZem TxovniT mimarTa daviT III-es, raTa qarTlis teritoria daekavebina, an gurgen II-is Zis bagratisaTvis gadaecaT igi. qarTlis aznaurebis nawilis mxardaWeriT daviT III Sida qarTlSi Sevida. am droisTvis kaxeTis qorepiskopos kvirike II-s ufliscixe alyaSi hyavda moqceuli. man, rogorc ki Seityo daviT III-is Semosvla, alya moxsna da qarTli datova.

975 wels ufliscixeSi daviT III-m bagrati Sida qarTlis mmarTvelad gamoacx-ada. amis Semdeg daviT III taoSi dabrunda, magram male iZulebuli gaxda qarTlSi dabrunebuliyo, raTa bagrat III-is gamefebiT ukmayofilo qarTlis aznaurebma kaxe-Tis mmarTvelis daviT I-is daxmarebiT Seipyres bagrati, misi mama gurgen II da deda - dedofali guranduxti, daviT III-m isini gaaTavisufla da uflebebi aRudgina.

sami wlis Semdeg, 978 wels kvlav ioane maruSisZis mxardaWeriT daviT III-m, Tavisi Svilobili bagrat III afxazeTSi anu dasavleT saqarTveloSi gaamefa.

daviT III mniSvnelovani politikuri figura iyo imdroindel axlo aRmosav-leTSi. is awesrigebda saqmeebs mezobel samefo-samTavroebSi.

X saukuneSi arabebis Sesustebis gamo qristianul qveynebs maT winaaRmdeg brZolis gaaqtiurebis SesaZlebloba miecaT. bizantiis imperia xSirad sargeblob-da tao-klarjeTis bagrationebis daxmarebiT. daviT III-is laSqari monawileobda bizantiis imperiis Sina Tu gare brZolebSi.

X saukunis 70-ian wlebSi imperiis SigniT viTarebis garTulebam saqme samo-qalaqo omamde miiyvana. 976-979 wlebSi mcire aziaSi ifeTqa imperator basili II-is (976-1025) winaaRmdeg ajanyebam, romelsac barda skliarosi meTaurobda. bizantiam daviT III-s daxmareba sTxova. Suamavloba aTonis monastris bers ioane-Tornikes daakisra, romelic adre berad aRkvecamde, daviT III-is mTavarsardali iyo. sapas-uxod daviTma Tavisi moTxovnebi wamoayena. saimperatoro kari iZulebuli gaxda garkveul teritoriul daTmobebze wasuliyo. imperatoris jars, romelsac barda foka xelmZRvanelobda, daviT III-m dasaxmareblad ioane-Tornikes meTaurobiT 12 aTasiani mxedrioni gaugzavna. mdinare galisis (dRes yizil-irmaki mcire aziaSi)

sanapiroebTan swored maT gadawyvites brZolis bedi. ajanyebulebi damarcxdnen. imperatorma basilma daviT III-s piroba Seusrula, ris Sedegad mis samflobeloebs SemouerTda: samxreT basiani, karinis olqi, Cormairis Temi mdinare Woroxis saTa-veebTan, sevukis cixe mdinare araqsis saTaveebTan, harkisa da apahunikis provinciebi mdinare evfratis aRmosavleT zemowelSi, ariWisa da klisuris umniSvnelovanesi cixe-simagreebi, agreTve, arzrumidan trapizonSi mTaze gadasasvleli magistraluri gza. es teritoriebi bizantiam daviTs aRuTqva, “raTa Tavisi sicocxlesa hqondin”, xolo nawili mahmadianebTan brZoliT mopovebas saWiroebda. daviT mesamisTvis au-cilebeli iyo am aqtis oficialuri aRiareba imperiis mier. daviT III-s imedi hqonda, rom SemoerTebul provinciebs erTian saqarTvelos samefos uanderZebda.

979 wels daviT III-m “yovlisa aRmosavleTisa” kurapalatis tituli miiRo, radganac qarTvelTa kurapalatis tituls misi biZa adarnase IV atarebda.

987 wels imperator basil II-is winaaRmdeg mcire aziis regionebSi erTdrou-lad barda skliarosisa da barda fokas ajanyebebma ifeTqa. daviT III-m icoda, rom imperatorisgan samudamo mflobelobaSi miRebul miwebs ver daimtkicebda, amitom barda fokas miemxro. 989 wels ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg basil II-m jarebi varda fokas momxreebis winaaRmdeg mimarTa. daviT III-is mZime mdgomareobas isic arTulebda, rom 988-989 wlebSi mis winaaRmdeg gamovida misive Svilobili bagrat III. marTalia konfliqti usisxlod mogvarda, magram amieridan daviT III kurapalats bagrat III dayrdnoba aRar SeeZlo. Seqmnili viTarebis gamo daviT III iZulebuli gaxda, imperator basili II-is moTxovnis Sesabamisad, anderZi Seedgina, romlis mixed-viT misi gardacvalebis Semdeg misi samflobelo bizantiis imperias gadaecemoda.

miuxedavad am marcxisa, daviT III ganagrZobda brZolas qarTuli da somxuri miwebis gasaTavisufleblad mahmadian mflobelTagan. daviT III-Tan erTad ibrZodnen misi makavSirebi - qarTvelTa mefe bagrat II regveni (958-994), somexTa mefeebi - ani-sis mefe gagik I (990-1020) da yarsis mefe abasi (984-1029). 990 wels daviT III-m man-azkerti aiRo. 992 wels daviT III-is winaaRmdeg mahmadianTa koaliciuri laSqroba moewyo, azerbaijanis amira mamlunis (988-1019/1020) meTaurobiT, romelic sasomxeTSi SemoiWra. daviT III kurapalati Tavis mokavSireebTan erTad qalaq valaSkertSi ganlagda. mahmadianma amirebma brZola ver gabedes da ukan gabrundnen.

mtrisagan gaTavisuflebul miwa-wyalze daviT III Tavis qveSevrdom qarTvelebs da somxebs asaxlebda.

daviT III kurapalatma samxedro moqmedebebi moSorebiT samxreTiT gadaitana. 998 wels daviT III-is laSqarma vanis tbis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT mdebare qalaq xlats Semoartya alya da mters didi zarali miayena, Tumca iZulebuli gaxda alya male moexsna, radgan xlatis amiras qalaq amidis amira mieSvela.

amierkavkasiisa da maxlobel mahmadianuri qveynebis amirebi daviT III kurapala-tis gaZlierebis gamo SeSfoTdnen da mis winaaRmdeg 998 wels axali mahmadianTa koaliciis Seqmna gadawyvites qalaq manaskertis gasaTavisufleblad. daviT III-m kvlav mouwoda mokavSireebs. bagrat II regvenis Svilma mefeT-mefe gurgen II-m da somxeTis mefe gagik I-ma eqvs-eqvs aTasian laSqars mouyares Tavi, xolo yarsis mefe abasi Tavad gamocxadda sabrZolvelad sakuTari jariT. gaerTianebulma qarTul-somxurma laSqarma mahmadian amirebis 100 aTasian armiaze gaimarjva.

daviT III kurapalatma taos mosazRvre olqebSi qristianebis Casaxlebasa da iqidan mahmadianTa gaZevebas miaRwia.

daviT III-is dros taos samefom mniSvnelovan warmatebebs miaRwia. aRdga saqarTveloSi arabTa batonobis dros Sewyvetili qarTuli monetis moWra.

X s.-is 50-60-ian wlebis mijnaze daviT III-m Tavis ZmasTan bagrat erisTavT-eri-sTavTan erTad oSkis kaTedrali aaSena. X s.-is 70-ian wlebSi daviT III-m taoSi sam-naviani parxlis bazilika, oTxTa-eklesia da xaxulis mTavari eklesia ganasrula. X s.-is me-2 nax.-Si daviT III kurapalatis dros iSxnis kaTedrali aRadgines. am saeklesio centrebSi, farTo kulturuli saqmianoba gaCaRda. 1001 wels daviT III-is kurapalatis gardaicvalebis Semdeg, misi memkvidreobis gamo xangrZlivi omi atyda

saqarTvelosa da bizantiis imperiis Soris.

13. bagrat III saqarTvelos mefe

bagrat III - erTiani saqarTvelos pirveli mefe 975/978-1014 wlebSi. X s.-is 70-ian wlebSi, erisTav ioane maruSisZis meTaurobiT mowinave qarTlis aznaurebs Soris saqarTvelos poli-tikuri gaerTianebis gegma momwifda.

975 wels daviT III kurapalatma Tavisi Svilobili, mcirewlovani bagrat III qarTlis mmarTvelad gamoacxada, xolo misi mama - gur-gen II regentad daniSna. magram male, Ralatis gamo, bagrat III mSoblebTan erTad kaxeTis qorepiskopos daviT I-s (976-1010) tyved Cauvarda.

maTi gaTavisufleba mxolod daviT III kurapalatis Carevis Sedegad gaxda SesaZle-beli. 978 wels, roca afxazeTis samefoSi areuloba sufevda da bagrat III-is brma biZa Teodosi III (975-978) mefobda, daviT III kurapalatisa da ioane maruSisZis mx-ardaWeriT bagrati afxazTa mefe gaxda. bagratma gamefebis Semdeg Teodosi daviT kurapalats taoSi gaugzavna, xolo Tavis deda guranduxti qarTlis sapatronod ufliscixeSi datova.

qarTlis aznaurTa nawili qavTar tbelis meTaurobiT, romelTac Tavisi da-moukideblobis dakargvisa da mefis Zalauflebis gaZlierebis eSinodaT, bagrat III-is winaaRmdeg gamovidnen. bagrat III-s arc daumalavs Tavisi ganzraxva daumor-Cilebeli feodalebis daTrgunvis gamo.

980 wels afxazeTidan qarTlSi momaval bagrats aznaurTa razmebi daxvdnen. bagrat III-m mowinaaRmdegeebi gaanadgura, qarTlSi Semovida da male qarTlis eri-sTavebisa da aznaurebis damorCileba SeZlo.

988-989 wlebSi mamobilis daviT III kurapalatis gaZlierebiT ukmayofilo ba-grat III mis winaaRmdeg gamovida, magram konfliqti usisxlod mogvarda.

989 wels bagrat III-m ukanaskneli vasali, kldekaris erisTavi rati baRvaSi daimorCila.

1001 wels, roca daviT III kurapalati gardaicvala, bagrat III mamasTan, gurgen II mefeT-mefesTan taoSi im mizniT Cavida, rom daviTis memkvidreoba gadascemoda, ma-gram iq myofi imperatorisgan basili II-gan (976-1025) mxolod kurapalatis tituli miiRo da iZulebuli gaxda taos sazRvrebi daetovebina.

1008 wels, rodesac gurgen II gardaicvala, bagratma Tavis samflobeloebs mamis kuTvnili miwebi SavSeTi, klarjeTi, samcxe da javaxeTi SemouerTa. man pirvelma mi-iRo “afxazTa da qarTvelTa mefis” tituli. damoukidebeli mxolod kaxeT-hereTis samefo da Tbilisis saamiro rCeboda. bagrat III kaxeTSi SeiWra, misi mmarTveli daviTi gadaayena, kaxeT-hereTi SemoierTa da xelmZRvaneloba Tavis moxeleebs daav-ala. 1011-1012 wlebSi bagrat III-m Tavisi naTesavebi sumbat da gurgen bagrationebi, romlebic klarjeTis damoukideblobas eswrafodnen, daamarcxa da Seipyro.

XI s.-is dasawyisSi ganjis amira fadlonma (985-1031) samxreT saqarTveloze Tav-dasxmebi ganaxorciela. pasuxad bagrat III Tavis mokavSiresTan, somxeTis mefe gagik I-Tan (990-1020) erTad fadlonis samflobeloSi SeiWra, aiRo qalaqi Samqori da fadloni aiZula dazavebuliyo. amiram morCileba gamoiacxada da yovelwliurad xarkis gadaxda ikisra.

bagrat III-m Tavisi mefobis dros TiTqmis mTeli saqarTvelos gaerTianeba Se-Zlo da safuZveli Cauyara saqarTvelos erTian monarqias. damoukideblad mxolod

Tbilisis saamiro rCeboda. bagratma Tavis sataxto qalaq quTaisSi didebuli “bagratis taZari” (quTaisis

sioni) aago, romelic 1003 wels dasrulda. manve aRaSena bediisa da nikorwmindis ek-lesiebi. mis drosve mcxeTaSi xuroTmoZRvar arsukisZis mier sveticxovlis taZris mSenebloba daiwyo.

1014 wlis 7 maiss bagrat III fanaskertis cixe-simagreSi gardaicvala, igi mis mier daarsebul bediis monasterSi dakrZales.

14. giorgi V brwyinvale saqarTvelos mefe

giorgi V - erTiani saqarTvelos mefe 1299, 1318-1346 wlebSi. mefe demetre II Tavdadebulisa da naTe-la dedoflis vaJi. mamis demetre II Tavdadebulis tragikuli sikvdilis Semdeg, misi Svili giorgi sam-cxis spasalaris beqa jayelis ojaxSi izrdeboda.

1299 wels yazan yaenma mcirewlovani giorgi aR-mosavleT saqarTvelos mefed daniSna da mis ufros Zmas - daviT VIII-s daupirispira. giorgi V-is Zalau-fleba ZiriTadad Tbilisze vrceldeboda, amis gamo mas “Tbilisis mefe” Searqves.

uljaiTu yaenma daviT VIII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg giorgi V mcirewlovani ZmisSvilis giorgi VI-is meurved daniSna. am xanebSi giorgi V-m rumis sasulTnoSi ajanyebis CasaxSobad yaenis laSqro-baSi miiRo monawileoba.

1318 wels ilxanma abu-saidma (1317-1335) giorgi V saqarTvelos mefed daamtkica. giorgi V monRolTa aswlovani batonobis Sedegad politikurad da ekonomikurad dacemuli qveynis monarqi gaxda. misi

mTavari amocana qveynis politikuri erTianobis aRdgena, monRolTa batonobisgan gaTavisufleba da wesrigis damyareba iyo.

1321 wels mefe giorgi V-m goris cixe osebisgan gaaTavisufla da kavkasionis CrdiloeTisken gandevna. amiT Tavisi CdiloeTi sazRvrebi gaamagra.

mefis Zalauflebis SesustebiTa da monRolTa mfarvelobiT sargeblobdnen didebulebi. giorgi V-m didebulebi kaxeTSi civis mTaze miiwvia da sikvdiliT dasaja. maTi kuTvnili samflobeloebi giorgi V-m saxelmwifos dauqvemdebara.

ilxanTa samefo am periodSi krizisSi imyofeboda. mcirewlovani yaenis abu-saidis nacvlad qveyanas pirveli veziri Cobani marTavda, romelTanac giorgi V-s megobruli urTierToba hqonda da amas saqarTvelos saxelmwifo interesebisTvis iyenebda. 1327 wels Cobanis mkvlelobas iranSi urTierT brZolis ganaxleba mohyva, riTac giorgi V-s Tavisufali moqmedebis SesaZlebloba mieca.

1329 wels giorgi V imereTSi gadavida da quTaisi daikava. am aqtiT mefe giorgi V-m dasavleT saqarTvelo SemoierTa. 1334 wels mefe giorgi V-m samcxe SemoierTa. amdenad erTiani saqarTvelos samefo aRdgenil iqna, rac giorgi mefis didi politikuri gamarjveba iyo. giorgi V-m saqarTvelos sruli damoukidebloba moupova. qveynis gaerTianebisa da misi monRolTa batonobisgan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, mefe giorgi V-m gaaaqtiura Tavisi sagareo politika. 1341 wels giorgi V-m trapizonis imperiaze saqarTvelos samefos gavlena aRadgina. giorgi V-is mefobi-sas mowesrigda urTierToba mahmadianur saxelmwifoebTan, gansakuTrebiT, egviptis mamluq sulTnebTan. maTi daxmarebiT giorgi V-m palestinaSi qarTuli monastrebi aRadgina. 1316 da 1320 ww.-Si misi iniciativiT ori elCoba moewyo, romlis Sedega-

dac “kliteni ierusalimisani”-s (wminda saflavis taZris gasaRebi) qarTvelTaTvis gadaeca. giorgi V-s TxovniTve egviptis sulTanma palestinaSi, “wminda adgilebSi” qarTvelebs Tavisi privilegiebi aRudgina. maT ufleba hqondaT ierusalimSi gaSli-li droSiT amxedrebulebi Sesuliyvnen. giorgi V-s diplomatiuri urTierToba da mimowera hqonda dasavleT evropis monarqebTan da romis papTan. misi mefobis dros romis papma ioane XXII-m kaTolikuri saepiskoposo kaTedra smirnidan TbilisSi gadmoitana. qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesobis mizniT giorgi V-m safinanso reforma Caatara. giorgi V-is dros Seiqmna sakanonmdeblo Zegli “Zeg-lisdebis” saxelwodebiT da “xelmwifis karis garigeba”.

qarTvelma xalxma giorgi V-s “brwyinvale” uwoda. 1346 wels igi gardaicvala. giorgi V gelaTis mefeTa saZvaleSi dakrZales. taxti memkvidreobiT misma Svilma daviTma miiRo. mefe giorgi V-s aseve hyavda asuli soldana (solRari?), romelic 1336 wlidan kilikiis somxeTis mefis konstantine I (jon/jevan) luzinianis (1342) meuRle da bolo mefis levon V-is (1374-1375) deda iyo.

15. giorgi VII saqarTvelos mefe

giorgi VII - erTiani saqarTvelos mefe 1393-1407 wlebSi. bagrat V-is da elene dedoflis ufrosi vaJi iyo. giorgi VII-is mefoba saqarTvelos istoriis umZimes periods daemTxva. man mTeli cxovreba dampyrobel TaTarTa winaaRmdeg brZolas Sealia.

mamis bagrat V-is tyveobis dros igi umefod darCenil qveyanas marTavda. bagrat V-is winaswari molaparakebis Sedegad 1387 wels giorgi batoniSvilma saqarTveloSi Semosuli Temur-lengis 12 aTasiani laSqari gaanadgura. 1393 wels giorgi batoniSvili mamis, bagrat V-is gardacvalebis Semdeg saqarTvelos samefo taxtze avida. misi xelmZRvanelobiT saqarTvelos samefom msoflio dampyrobels medgari winaaRmdegoba gauwia.

Temur-lengis mravalricxovanma jarma daimorCila irani, indoeTi, axlo aRmosavleTi da SemoiWra saqarTveloSi. mefe giorgi VII maT winaaRmdeg awarmoebda partizanul brZolebs, romlebic 1403 wlamde gagrZelda.

1405 wels Temur-lengis gardacvalebis Semdeg mis memkvidreebs Soris Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdebis mizniT brZola daiwyo. mefe giorgi VII-m amiT isargebla da saqarTvelodan TaTrebis sabolood gandevna. 1407 wels jer kidev Temur-lengis Semosevebis dros mitacebuli qalaqi anisi da karnu qalaqi (arzrumi) daibruna.

qveyanam welSi gamarTva verc moeswro, rom mis sazRvrebTan axali mteri yara-yoiunlus (“Savbatknianebi”) TurqmanTa tomebi gamoCnda. 1407 wels maTTan brZolaSi mefe giorgi VII daiRupa.

misi neSti mcxeTaSi misma Zmam konstantinem gadaasvena da sveticxovlis sakaTedro taZarSi dakrZala. qveyanaSi mTeli Zalaufleba mefe giorgi VII-is umcros Zmas konstanti batoniSvils gadaeca.

erTiani saqarTvelos mefe 1412-1442 wlebSi. konstantine I-is da naTia dedoflis ufrosi vaJi iyo. mefe konstantine I-is ufrosi vaJi aleqsandre batoniSvili 17 wlamde dedofal naTias dedasTan - rusasTan izrdeboda. male aleqsandre batoniSvils mamasTan uTanxmoeba mouvida, ris gamoc Tavs samcxis aTabag ivane jayels Seafara. mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg 1412 wels aleqsandre saqarTvelos mefe gaxda. taxtze asvlisTanave aleqsandre I mamis neStis saqarTveloSi gadmosveneba da varZiaSi dakrZalva brZana. aleqsandre I-is mmarTveloba umZimes pirobebSi daiwyo.

TurqmanTa Tavdasxmebis Sedegad qveyanam aRmosavleTSi Tavisi teritoriebis nawili dakarga. saqarTvelos Camoscilda anisis olqi da samxreTis sazRvrebis dasacavad umniSvnelovanesi lores cixe-simagre. simSvide arc dasavleT saqarTveloSi iyo.

1414 wels mefe aleqsandre I-ma damoukideblobis pretenziis mqone afxazTa erisTav arRunai ServaSiZis winaaRmdeg gailaSqra da daimorCila. im dros dasavleT saqarTveloSi myofma mefe aleqsandre I-ma samegrelos erisTavad afxazebis mier mokluli mamia dadianis Svili lipariti daniSna. amiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi man centraluri xelisuflebis poziciebi gaamagra.

1415 wels koxTasTavs brZolis wagebis Semdeg samcxis aTabagma ivane jayelma mefe aleqsandre I-is uzenaesoba scno.

1416 wels axalcixis aRebis Semdeg TurqmanTa meTaurs yara-iusufs saqarTvelos sazRvrebis datoveba aiZula.

yovelive amis Semdeg aleqsandre I-ma Temur-lengis mier gaZarculi da daqceuli qalaqebis, cixe-simagreebisa da eklesia-monastrebis aRdgenas Seudga. 1425 wels man aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Casatareblad specialuri sakomlo gadasaxadi 40 TeTris (vercxlis monetis) raodenobiT SemoiRo, romlis SemosavliTac daqceuli Senobebi aRadgina. am periodSi aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi Catarda: sveticxovelSi, romlis aRdgenasac jer kidev aleqsandre I-is bebiam rusam Cauyara safuZveli, ruisis eklesiaSi da mraval sxva nagebobebze. 1440 wels mefe aleqsandre I-ma es specialuri gadasaxadi gaauqma. aleqsandre I-is brZanebiT sarestavracio samuSaoebi saqarTvelos farglebs gareT siria-palestinis qarTul monastrebSic daiwyo.

1431 wels aleqsandre I-ma Turqmanebi lores cixedan gandevna da Tavis samflobelos Semoumtkica. 1434-1435 wlebSi man sivnieTis olqi (yarabaRis teritoria) TurqmanTagan gawminda da saqarTvelos SemouerTa.

aleqsandre I-is mefobis dros qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba SesamCevlad gaumjobesda. gamudmebul omebSi Semcirebuli mosaxleoba 60 aTasi komliT gaizarda sivnieTis SemoerTebis Semdeg. mefe aleqsandre I mezobeli mahmadianuri qveynebidan saqarTveloSi usafrTxoebisa da arsebobis SesanarCuneblad gamoqceul somxebs ifarebda.

mefe aleqsandre I-ma samefo Zalauflebis gaZlierebis mizniT saqarTvelos Zireuli regionebis mmarTvelebad Tavisi Svilebi - vaxtangi, demetre da giorgi

16. aleqsandre I didi saqarTvelos mefe

saqarTvelis mefis aleqsandre I didis gvirgvinis kurTxeva kaTalikos eliozis mier (mxatvar p.rossis

miniatura, 1829 w.)

17. luarsab I qarTlis

luarsab I - qarTlis mefe 1527-1556 wlebSi. daviT X-is ufrosma vaJma luarsab batoniSvilma jer kidev 1522 wels TeleTTan yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi gamoiCina Tavi. batoniSvilma luarsabma giorgi IX mefed ar scno da qarTlis dasavleT regionebSi gadavida. man imereTis mefis bagrat III-is saxiT saimedo mokav-Sire gaiCina, giorgi IX-is winaaRmdeg SeukavSirda. SemdgomSi bagrat III-m luars-abs iranelebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSic daexmara. 1526 wels luarsab batoniSvilma bagrat III-is asuli Tamari SeirTo colad da simamris daxmarebiT SeiaraRebuli brZola daiwyo qarTlis taxtisTvis. am dapirispirebaSi man gaimarjva da 1527 wels, mas Semdeg rac giorgi IX berad aRikveca, luarsabi qarTlis mefe gaxda.

1535 wels luarsab I imereTis mefe bagrat III-Tan erTad samcxis aTabagis yvaryvare III jayelis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi monawileobda. am brZolaSi gamarjvebis Semdeg bagratma samcxe daikava, xolo luarsabma Tavis samflobeloebs javaxeTi SemouerTa.

1502 wels amierkavkasiasa da wina aziaSi hegemonobisTvis dawyebuli brZola iransa da TurqeTs Soris TiTqmis naxevari saukune gagrZelda. saqarTvelo faq-tiurad maTi saomari moqmedebebis arenad iqca. iranisa da TurqeTis agresiis saw-inaaRmdegod luarsab I-ma saqarTvelos samefoTa Zalebis gaerTianeba scada. XVI s.-is 30-ian wlebSi man kaxeTis mefesTan levan I-Tan kavSiri dado, amgvarad, saerTo mtrebTan sabrZolvelad qarTuli saxelmwifoebis koalicia Seiqmna.

1541 wels, yarabaRis gavliT, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Tavs daesxa luarsab I-is gaZlierebiT ukmayofilo iranis xelisufali Sah-Tamaz I (1524-1576). Sahs qarTlis mefis datyveveba surda, man mcxeTaSi myofi luarsab I-is winaaRmdeg yizilbaSTa mravalricxovani razmebi gagzavna. luarsabma Tavisi laSqriT Sahis jarebi didgo-ris misadgomebTan gaanadgura. miuxedavad amisa, luarsabma aqtiuri winaaRmdegobis gaweva ver SeZlo. kaxeTis mefe levani Tavis samefos aoxrebas moerida da Sah-Tama-zs daemorCila. es Sah-Tamazis saqarTveloSi pirveli SemoWra iyo, romlis Sedegad saqarTvelos samefoTa kavSirs gamoaklda kaxeTis samefo.

1545 wels luarsab I-ma bagrat III-s daxmareba gauwia, romlis samflobeloebSi uecrad Turqebi SemoiWrnen. basianSi soxoistasTan brZolaSi luarsabisa da bag-ratis jarebi sastikad damarcxdnen da didi danaklisi ganicades. Turqebma samcxe daikaves da aTabagad maTi momxre qaixosro jayeli daniSnes.

1546 wels Sah-Tamazi javaxeTSi Semovida da axalqalaqSi dabanakda. imereTis mefe bagrat III, kaxeTis mefe levani da samcxis aTabagi qaixosro morCilebis niSnad SahTan gamocxadnen. luarsab I-ma amaze uari ganacxada. luarsabis momxre feo-dalebis miwebi iranelebma aaoxres da gaZarcves. qvemo qarTlSi mravalricxovani tyveebis ayvanis Semdeg Sah-Tamazma saqarTvelo datova.

luarsab I-is upirvelesi safiqrali samcxis aTabagis iranze daqvemdebareba iyo, samcxis dapyrobiT qarTlisTvis misi samxreTi sazRvrebi gaxsnili aRmoCnda. imave dros Turqebi samcxe-saaTabagos dasavleTi nawilis dapyrobas Seudgnen. lu-arsabs kargad esmoda Tu ra safrTxe emuqreboda qveyanas samxreT sazRvrebidan. man gadawyvita samcxe-saaTabagos aRmosavleTi nawilis dakaveba da amiT Turq-osmaleb-isTvis aRmosavleT saqarTvelosken mimavali gzebis moWra. 1551 wels samcxeli momxreebis daxmarebiT luarsabma javaxeTi, samcxis didi nawili, kola da artaani daikava. qaixosro aTabagma daxmarebisTvis iranis Sahs mimarTa. Sahma javaxeTSi luarsab I-is momxreebi daamarcxa, bevri cixe-simagre aiRo da gaZarcva, maT Soris varZiis monasteric, dapyrobili miwebi aTabags daubruna da Zvirfasi nadavliT iranSi dabrunda.

1554 wels iranelebi kvlav SemoiWrnen saqarTveloSi. luarsab I-is Tavgan-wiruli winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad Sahma qalaqi gori daikava. bagrat III-m, romel-mac luarsab I-s TavSesafari misca, Sahis moTxovnas qarTlis mefe misTvis gadaeca,

kategoriuli uariT upasuxa. yizilbaSebma qarTlis mTavari cixe-simagreebi aiRes, atenis cixes alya Semoartyes, sadac luarsab I-is deda dedofali Tamari da misi momxre TavadTa ojaxebi Tavs afarebdnen. cixe miudgomlad iTvleboda, magram yiz-ilbaSebma cixis uwylod datoveba SeZles, ris gamoc garnizoni iZulebuli gaxda danebebuliyo. dedoflis Sepyrobis, Zvirfasi nadavlisa da mravalricxovan tyveTa xelSi Cagdebis Semdeg iranelTa jarebi ukan dabrundnen. rodesac amis Sesaxeb Seityo luarsabma, kvalSi misdia mters da patar-patara damarcxebebiT daazarala, Tumca tyveebis gaTavisufleba ver SeZlo. dedofalma Tamarma tyveobaSi sicocx-les sikvdili amjobina da sawamlavi miiRo. Sah-Tamazma mTavari mizani mefe luar-sabis datyveveba da TavisuflebisTvis mebrZoli qarTveli xalxis nebis gatexa, ver ganaxorciela. mefe luarsabis saxeli yizilbaSTa da osmalTa Zaladobis dros saqarTvelos TavisuflebisaTvis brZolis simbolod iqca.

1555 wlis 29 maiss TurqeTsa da irans Soris qalaq amasiaSi samSvidobo zavi daido, romlis erT-erTi pirobis mixedviT, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo da samcxe-saaTa-bago irans miekuTvna, xolo dasavleTi saqarTvelo TurqeTs. mefe luarsab I-ma es xelSekruleba ar scno da iranelebis winaaRmdeg brZola gaagrZela. luarsab I-ma Zalebi mokriba da Sida qarTlis bevri cixe-simagre yizilbaSebisgan gaaTa-visufla. igi Tbilisis dabrunebasac Seecada. Tbilisis yizilbaSTa garnizonma dasaxmareblad yarabaRis beglarbegs Saverdi ziad-oRlu yajars (1540-1562) mimarTa. 1556 wels beglerbegi uricxvi laSqriT Tbilisisken daiZra. qarTuli laSqris mx-edarTmTavroba luarsabma Tavis ufros vaJs simon batoniSvils daavala, luarsabis kidev ori Svili daviTi da vaxtangic mebrZolTa rigebSi idgnen. mdinare xramis dablobSi sofel garisTan brZolaSi simon batoniSvilibs razmebma gaimarjves. am SetakebaSi luarsab I sasikvdilod daiWra. mefe luarsab I mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis taZarSi dakrZales. qarTlis taxti memkvidreobiT luarsabis ufros vaJs simon ba-toniSvils ergo.

18. simon I qarTlis mefe

simon I - qarTlis mefe 1556-1569,1578-1601 wlebSi. 1556 wels luarsab I-is va-Jis simonis meTaurobiT qarTlis jarebma garisTan yizilbaSebi daamarcxes. am brZo-laSi mefe luarsab I mZimed daiWra da daiRupa, ris Semdegac qarTlis taxtze si-mon batoniSvili avida. mefed gaxdomisTan-ave simonma iranelTa winaaRmdeg brZola ganaaxla. imis gamo, rom dedaqalaqi Tbi-lisi yizilbaSebs ekavaT, mefis rezidencia qalaqi gori gaxda.

1556-1559 wlebSi omebisgan daqceul qarTlSi mefe simon I-ma aRdgeniTi samuSaoe-bi Caatara.

1559 wels simon I-ma kaxeTis mefe le-vanTan, yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolve-lad, kavSiri Sekra, da male misi asuli nestandarejanic colad SeirTo.

1560 wels mefe simon I-ma Tbilisis aReba scada, magram yizilbaSebTan brZo-laSi damarcxda. safurcleSi iranelebTan saomari moqmedebebis dros simon I-is erTguli TanamebrZole arCili tyved Cavarda. igi muxranis pirveli mflobelis ba-gratis Svili iyo. aman simon I mainc ver SeaCera. is meti SemarTebiT Seudga saomar samzadiss. daxmarebisaTvis kaxeTis mefe levans mouwoda, romelmac dauyovnebliv

gamougzavna razmebi Tavisi ufrosi Svilis giorgis meTaurobiT. yizilbaSTa garnizonma amis Sesaxeb Seityo da TviTonac moemzada. yarabaRis

beglarbegi Saverdi ziad-oRlu yajari kvlav gamoemarTa Tbilisisken. 1561 wlis 6 aprils cixedidTan brZolaSi qarTl-kaxeTis jarebma marcxi ganicades. kaxeTis batoniSvili giorgi brZolaSi daiRupa. mefe simon I iZulebuli gaxda gorSi ukan dabrunebuliyo. miuxedavad damarcxebisa simon I-s brZola ar Seewyvetia. Setakebebi yizilbaSebTan grZeldeboda.

iranis Sahi mixvda, rom simonis damarcxeba saomari moqmedebebiT Zneli iyo, amitom man qarTlis Tavadebis mosyidva daiwyo. 1562 wels simon I-is umcrosi Zma - daviTi Sahis mxareze gadavida. is Sahs yazvinSi eaxla da morCileba gamoucxada. iranSi daviT batoniSvilma daud-xanis saxeliT mahmadis rjuli miiRo. Sah-Tama-zma daud-xani qarTlis mefed daniSna da yizilbaSebis mravalricxovani laSqriT saqarTveloSi gamogzavna. 1567 wels diRomTan da 1569 wels samadlosTan simon I-ma daud-xani daamarcxa. daud-xanis dasaxmareblad Sahma axali jarebi gamogzavna. 1569 wels farcxisTan brZolaSi qarTlis jarebi damarcxdnen da tyved Cavardnili simon I yizilbaSebma iranSi Sahs gaugzavnes.

1569-1578 wlebSi mefe simon I iranelTa tyveobaSi alamuTis cixeSi imyofeboda. Sahi daJinebiT sTxovda mahmadianobis miRebas, razec simon I-ma uariT upasuxa. 1578 wels iransa da TurqeTs Soris axali omi daiwyo. TurqeTis armia musTafa lala-faSas meTaurobiT amierkavkasiaSi SemoiWra. 1578 wlis 9 agvistos iranis jari Cildiris tbasTan damarcxda, Turqebi saqarTveloSi SemoiWrnen. mefe daviT XI (daud-xanma) Turqebs qarTlis yvela cixe-simagre ubrZolvelad gadasca, xolo Ta-vad sulTnis morCilebis niSnad stambolSi Cavida. Turqebma qarTli daikaves.

Sah-Tamazis Svilma iranis Sahma xudabendem (1577-1587) simon I gaaTavisufla, kvlav qarTlis mefed daniSna da saqarTveloSi gamogzavna. man kargad uwyoda, rom Seqmnil viTarebaSi mxolod simon I-s SeeZlo brZolis organizeba. samSobloSi dabrunebulma simon I-ma partizanuli omi gaaCaRa Turqebis winaaRmdeg.

male mefe simon I-ma gori, loris cixe da sxva cixe-simagreebi gaaTavisufla, 1579 wels ki Tbilisis cixis alya Semoartya. Turqebma alyis mosaxsnelad damate-biTi Zalebi gamogzavnes, magram simon I-ma SeZlo maTi damarcxeba. sulTanma murad III-m (1574-1595) erTi wlis Semdeg Tavis jarebs saTaveSi axali mxedarTmTavari Cauy-ena, magram verc man daimorCila mefe simon I.

1582 wels simon I-ma Turqebis winaaRmdeg samcxis aTabag manuCar II jayelTan dado xelSekruleba. imave wels muxranTan brZolaSi Turqebis jarebi simon I-ma daamarcxa da manuCar aTabags samcxeSi Zalauflebis aRdgenaSic daexmara. 1585 wels simon I-ma lores cixe-simagre kvlav aiRo, magram ver SeinarCuna. ferhad-faSas jarebma samcxis damorCileba da Turquli mmarTvelobis aRdgena mainc moaxerxes.

1588 wels simon I-ma TurqebTan zavi dado da xarkis gadaxda ikisra. samagierod, sulTanma murad III-m simon I qarTlis qristianul mefed scno da samefos Sinaur saqmeebSi Caurevloba aRuTqva. simon mefis meTaurobiT samefos srul damorCile-baze uari eTqvaT.

1590 wels iransa da TurqeTs Soris xelSekruleba daido, romlis Tanaxmad iranis Sahma saqarTvelo, azerbaijani da Sirvani TurqeTis sulTnis sakuTrebad scno.

moZalade Turqebis winaaRmdeg brZolasTan erTad simon I saqarTvelos gaerTianebisTvisac ibrZoda. XVI s.-is 80-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi ZalauflebisTvis brZola ganaxlda. 1588 wels simon I-ma gofanto-sTan brZolaSi daamarcxa imereTis mefe levani (1585-1590), magram Turqebis SemoWris gamo iZulebuli gaxda imereTi daetovebina. 1590 wels simon I-ma quTaisi da bevri cixe-simagre aiRo, magram ofSkviTTan brZolaSi damarcxebis gamo qarTlSi dab-runda. qarTlisa da imereTis gamTlianebis mcdeloba uSedegod damTavrda.

1595 wels simon I-ma iranis SahTan abas I-Tan (1587-1629) da kaxeTis mefe aleqsan-dre II-Tan (1574-1605) kavSiri Sekra da Turqebis winaaRmdeg saomari moqmedebebisaTvis

samzadiss Seudga. 1598 wels simon I-ma ramdenime TviT goris cixes alya Semoartya da erTi wlis Semdeg qalaqi brZoliT aiRo. am brZolaSi simon I-is umcrosi Zma vaxtang batoniSvilis iRebda monawileobas.

sulTanma mehmed III-m (1595-1603) jafar-faSas mTavarsardlobiT saqarTveloSi mravalricxovani jarebi gamogzavna. simon I-ma Sida qarTlSi Sekrebili jarebis meTaurad Tavisi vaJi - giorgi batoniSvili daniSna da gorSi datova. TviTon qvemo qarTlSi gadavida, raTa am sadroSoSi Tavmoyrili razmebi mTavari ZalebisTvis SemoeerTebina. qvemo qarTlSi sofel naxidurTan dabanakebul Turqebs Tbilisze Seteva hqondaT ganzraxuli. simon I-ma mTavari Zalebis mosvlas aRar daeloda da Turqebs Seutia. Turqebis mravalricxovanobis gamo qarTvelebma, miuxedavad mou-lodneli Tavdasxmisa, ukan daixies. sofel farcxisTan simon I cxeniT saflobSi Cavarda, ris gamoc qarTlis mefe mterma 1599 wels tyved Caigdo. giorgi batoniS-vili Seecada mamis daxmarebas, magram uSedegod.

1600 wels jafar-faSam simon I stambolSi gagzavna, sadac is iediyules (Svid-koSkian) cixeSi moaTavses. giorgi batoniSvili mamis gaTavisuflebas amaod ecada.

1611 wels simon I stambolSi gardaicvala. gmiri mefis neSti samSobloSi gad-moasvenes da sveticxovelSi mamis luarsab I-is gverdiT dakrZales.

19. levan I kaxeTis mefe

levan I - kaxeTis mefe 1518-1574 wlebSi. levan batoniSvili qarTlSi erT-erTi laSqrobis dros datyvevebuli da mokluli mefis giorgi II-is er-TaderTi vaJi iyo. mefe giorgi II-is sikvdilisTan-ave, 1513 wels daviT X-m kaxeTi qarTlis samefos SemouerTa. kaxeTis Tavadebma mcirewlovani levan batoniSvili gadamales. 1518 wels iranis Sahi is-mail I didZali laSqriT daviT X-is winaaRmdeg daiZra, riTac isargebles kaxeTis Tavadebma da levan batoniSvili kaxeTis mefed gamoacxades. 1520 wels qiziyis brZolaSi dakarguli kaxeTis dabrunebis moimede daviT X damarcxda da iZule-buli gaxda kaxeTis damoukidebloba ecno. male daviT X-m da levan I-ma iranelTa winaaRmdeg kav-Siri dades.

1521 wels levan kaxTa mefe iranis vasalis Saqis mflobelis winaaRmdeg gamovida. Saqis xan-ma daxmarebisTvis iranis Sahs mimarTa, ris Sem-degac yizilbaSebi kaxeTSi SeiWrnen, aaoxres da gaarcves samefos dedaqalaqi gremi da qalaqi ze-gami. mefe levan I iZulebuli gaxda Tavi iranis vasalad ecno da xarki gadaexada. kaxeTis samefo 1578 wlamde iranis moxarke iyo.

XVI s.-is 30-ian wlebSi, qarTlis mefe lu-arsab I-ma dadebuli samSvidobo xelSekrulebiT,

levan I qarTuli samefoebis antiiranul koalicias SeuerTda. Tumca mefe levan I samefos aoxrebis SiSiT iranis winaaRmdeg aqtiur moqmedebas ver bedavda. amis gamo, 1541 wels iranis Sahis Tamaz I-is (1524-1576) qarTlSi SemoWris dros, levani qarTlis mefe luarsab I-s ar daexmara da qaruli saxelmwifoebis koalicias Ca-moSorda. 1551 wels levan I-ma Sah Tamaz I-s iranis vasalobidan Tavdaxsnili Saqis saxanos damorCilebaSi daexmara. iranTan mefe levan I-is frTxilma politikam Tavi-

si nayofi gamoiRo: misi mmarTvelobis dros saqarTvelos samefoebs Soris yvelaze ufro mSvidobianoba kaxeTSi iyo. levan I-is naxevarsaukunovani mefobis dros, wels, yizilbaSTa Tavdasxma erT-erTi iSviaTTagani iyo. am xanebSi kaxeTis samefoSi aR-dgeniTi samuSaoebi mimdinareobda; qalaqebSi mSenebloba aRdga, ganviTarda soflis meurneoba da vaWroba.

1551 wels daumorCilebeli TuSeTis, xevsureTisa da fSavis mcxovreblebs aiZu-la misi Zalauflebis cnoba, gadasaxadebi dauwesa da samxedro samsaxuri daavala.

1559 wels Tavisi asuli nestan-darejani levan I-ma qarTlis mefe simon I-s mi-aTxova, riTac qarTlsa da kaxeTs Soris kavSiri ganmtkicda. 1561 wels simon I-s le-van mefem Tavisi ufrosi Svilis giorgi batoniSvilis meTaurobiT dasaxmareblad damxmare laSqari gaugzavna. giorgi batoniSvili Tbilisis aRebis dros daiRupa.

1555 wels iran-TurqeTs Soris omis damTavrebisa da zavis dadebis Semdeg mefe levan I-ma iranSi morCilebis niSnad Tavisi vaJi iese batoniSvili mZevlad gagza-vna.

mefe levan I imavdroulad ruseTis saxelmwifosTan daaxlovebas cdilobda. 1563 wels kaxeTSi rusTa samxedro razmis Camoyvanis TxovniT ruseTis mefes - ivane IV mrisxanes (1533-1584) elCebi gaugzavna da mizansac miaRwia. levan mefem rusi meomrebi kaxeTis cixe-simagreebSi gaanawila, magram TurqeTisa da iranis protes-tis gamo iZulebuli gaxda isini qveynidan gaeSva. 1574 wels kaxeTis mefe levan I gardaicvala.

mefe levan I-ma kaxeTis samefos dedaqalaqi gremi Tavisi mmarTvelobis dros keTilmoawyo, sadac samefo rezidencia da karis eklesia aaSena, xolo alaverdisa da gremis eklesiebSi aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi Caatara.

20. Teimuraz I kaxeTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis mefe

Teimurazis mamis, daviT I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg, kaxeTis taxtze kvlav asuli aleqsandre II 1604 wels iZulebuli gaxda iranSi mZevlebad gaegzavna daviT I-is qvrivi qeTevani SvilebTan - TeimurazTan da elenesTan erTad. male elene batoniSvili Sah abas I-is coli gaxda. Sahis moTxovnebis miuxedavad qeTevan dedofali Tavis SvilTan - TeimurazTan erTad qristianad rCeboda. rogorc aRiniSna, 1605 wels mefe aleqsandre II misive Svilma konstantinem mokla, romelmac Tavi kaxeTis mefed gamoacxada. male mamismkvlel konstantine I-is winaaRmdeg ajanyebam ifeTqa, romelsac iranidan dabrunebuli Teimuraz batoniSvilis deda qeTevan dedofali Caudga saTaveSi. ajanyebulebTan brZolaSi konstantine I daiRupa.

1606 wels kaxeTis Tavadebis TxovniT Sah abas I-ma taxtze axalgazrda Teimuraz batoniSvili daamtkica. Teimurazis gamefebis ceremoniali Sahma yarabaRSi, Tavis banakSi Caatara.

1607 wels mefe Teimuraz I guriis mTavar mamia II gurielis asul anaze daqorwinda, romlisganac levani da aleqsandre eyola. dedofali ana 1610 wels gardaicvala.

1612 wels mefe Teimuraz I-ma meored colad moiyvana qarTlis mefis luarsab II-is da - xoreSani, riTac Sah abas I-is winaaRmdeg qarTlis mefesTan kavSiri ganamtkica.

imave wels, Sah-abasma Teimuraz I da luarsab II mazandaranSi nadirobaze miiwvia, razec maT uari ganacxades. es Sahis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas udrida. 1614 wels daumorCilebeli qarTveli mefeebis winaaRmdeg Sah-abasi uzarmazari laSqriT wamovida. yarabaRSi mosulma Sahma Teimuraz I-gan erTgulebis dasamtkiceblad mZevlebis gagzavna mosTxova. Teimuraz I iZulebuli gaxda SahisaTvis jer deda - qeTevan dedofali, xolo Semdeg Tavisi Svilebi - levani da aleqsandre gaegzavna. roca mZevlebi miiRi, Sahma axla Tavad mefesac ubrZana TavisTan gamocxadeba. Teimuraz I-ma uari uTxra. Sah abas I-is laSqari kaxeTis winaaRmdeg daiZra.

JaleTSi Teimuraz I-ma mdinare iorTan yizilbaSTa razmi gaanadgura da luarsab II-Tan muxranSi mivida. cota xanSi Saxma moaxerxa qarTlis mefis - luarsabis iranSi motyuebiT gawveva, sadac umemkvidreod gadaego da mowameobrivad daasrula sicocxle.

1615 wels kaxeTSi Sah abas I-is winaaRmdeg ajanyeba daiwyo. ajanyebulebma Teimuraz I-s uxmes. mefe kaxeTSi Cavida da ajanyebas Caudga saTaveSi.

iranis winaaRmdeg brZolisas Teimuraz I ruseTSi mokavSireebs eZebda. jer kidev 1615 wels imereTSi yofnis dros man ruseTSi Tavisi warmomadgenlebi gagzavna, magram misiam nayofi ver gamoiRo. 1618 wels Teimuraz I-ma moskovSi kvlav miavlina elCebi, magram isev uSedegod.

imavdroulad Teimuraz I daxmarebis saTxovnelad TurqeTis sulTan osman II-s (1618-1622) piradad eaxla. sulTanma Teimurazs saomari moqmedebebis dawyebamde aWaraSi, mdinare Woroxis SesarTavTan, gonios cixe-simagreSi SesTavaza gamagreba. Teimuraz I qveynis gaerTianebis imeds ar kargavda.

1618 wels TurqeTis armia iranSi SeiWra. 3000 kaxeli meomriT Turqebis laSqris mowinaveTa rigebSi mefe Teimuraz I ibrZoda. pirveli warmatebebis miuxedavad Turqebi iZulebulebi gaxdnen saomari moqmedebebi SeewyvitaT. Sah-abasma gadawyvita Teimuraz I-is mZevlebs gasworeboda. 1620 wels Sahis brZanebiT Teimuraz I-is Svilebi levani da aleqsandre daasaWurises, xolo 1624 wlis 12 oqtombers yizilbaSebma qeTevan dedofali sastikad awames. qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam da aseve kaTolikurma eklesiam qeTevan dedofali wmindanad Seracxa.

1622 wels kaxeli Tavadebis nodar jorjaZisa da daviT aslaniSvilis mxardaWeriT Teimuraz I mcire xniT kvlav dabrunda kaxeTSi.

1623 wels Teimuraz I-ma ruseTSi mefe mixeil Teodores ZesTan (1613-1645) kidev erTxel gagzavna elCebi, magram amjeradac amaod.

1625 wels qarTlSi giorgi saakaZis meTaurobiT ajanyeba daiwyo. martyofis brZolaSi gamarjvebis Semdeg Teimuraz I qarTlis taxtze avida. am politikuri qmedebiT Teimurazi gaxda gaerTianebuli qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mefe. imavdroulad mefe Teimuraz I-ma Saqis mxareSic gailaSqra, aiRo qalaqi areSi da yizilbaSTa garnizoni amoxoca. qarTveli eris damoukideblobisaTvis Tavganwirulma brZolam Sah-abasi aiZula aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sruli ganadgurebis gegmaze xeli aeRo. antiiranuli koaliciis Seqmnis mizniT 1626 wels mefe Teimuraz I-ma dasavleT evropis qveynebSi nikoloz ColoyaSvili (nikifore irbaxi) gagzavna, magram amaod. 1629 wels Sah-abasis gardacvalebidan mcire xanSi iran-TurqeTis omi kvlav ganaxlda. zurab erisTavis daxmarebiT Teimuraz I-ma simon II taxts CamoaSora da qarTls erTpirovnulad daeufla. male Teimuraz I-is brZanebiT damoukideblobis mosurne zurab aragvis erisTavi mokles.

1631 wels TurqTa mxardaWeris imediT mefe Teimuraz I-ma iranis winaaRmdeg brZola daiwyo, magram TurqeTi Teimurazis daxmarebas maincdamainc ar Cqarobda. imereTis mefe giorgi III-is laSqarTan erTad Teimuraz I-ma ganja da yarabaRi daipyro da gaZarcva. mefe Teimuraz I ruseTTan diplomatiuri urTierTobebis damyarebas cdilobda da iranis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad damxmare jarebs iTxovda.

1632-1633 wlebSi Teimuraz I daud-xan undilaZesTan erTad Sah-sefi II-is (1629-1642) winaaRmdeg gamovida, romelmac sapasuxod qarTlis mmarTvelad daviT XI-is (daud-xanis) umcrosi ukanono vaJi rostomi daniSna. is iranSi cxovrobda da brwyinvale

kariera hqonda. Sah-sefi II-m saqarTveloSi didZal laSqarTan erTad rostomic gamogzavna. masTan brZolaSi damarcxebuli Teimuraz I iZulebuli gaxda imereTis mefe giorgi III-Tan gadasuliyo.

1633 wlis dasawyisSi qarTlis gamgeblad rostomi dainiSna “valis” tituliT.1633 wlidan - 1744 wlamde qarTlis mefeebad bagrationTa dinastiis

gamahmadianebuli warmomadgenlebi iniSnebodnen.1634 wels Teimuraz I kaxeTSi dabrunda. 14 wlis ganmavlobaSi is qarTlis

dasabruneblad rostoms ebrZoda. am brZolaSi Teimuraz I TurqeTisgan daxmarebis miRebas cdilobda. imavdroulad ruseTTan diplomatiuri da politikuri urTierToba gaaaqtiura. 1639 wlis aprilSi Teimuraz I-ma xeli moawera dokuments, ris Sedegad 1587 wlis ruseT-kaxeTis samefoebis urTierTSeTanxmeba aRdga.

1642 wels iransa da TurqeTs Soris zavs moewera xela, ramac Sahs Teimuraz I-Tan sabrZolvelad xelebi gauxsna. 1648 wels Sah abas II-is (1642-1666) mxardaWeriT Teimuraz I-is winaaRmdeg qarTlis mefe rostomi gamovida. brZolaSi daiRupa daviT batoniSvili, romelic Teimuraz I-s dedofal xoreSanisgan hyavda. damarcxebuli Teimuraz I iZulebuli gaxda imereTSi gadasuliyo. aq mefe aleqsandre III-is xelSewyobiT Teimuraz I cdilobda qarTuli samefoebis samxedro Zalebi iranis da rostomis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gaerTianebina.

niSandoblivia, rom am periodSi misi siZe, batoniSvili darejanis meuRle da qveynis gaerTianebis politikis momxre imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-m Zalzed patriotuli nabiji gadadga. man iSvila Teimuraz mefis ufrosi SviliSvili luarsabi, raTa axalgazrda batoniSvili gamxdariyo gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefe. xaz gasasmelia is faqtic, rom im droisaTvis imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-s hyavda Tavisi memkvidre batoniSvili bagrati.

ruseTidan imereTSi dabrunebul Teimuraz I-s cxovrebis erTguli megobari xoreSan dedofali da taxtis memkvidre - misi ufrosi SviliSvili luarsab batoniSvili cocxlebi aRar daxvda. 1660 wlis martSi aResrula Teimuraz I-is mokavSire - imereTis mefe aleqsandre III da dasavleT saqarTveloSi SinaaSliloba daiwyo. yovelive aman Teimurazi gatexa, man CaTvala, rom brZolis gagrZeleba amao iyo da skandis cixeSi Caiketa, romelsac Sahis brZanebiT rostomis sikvdilis Semdeg gamefebulma vaxtang V-m alya Semoartya. aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi brZolebis Semdeg Teimuraz I Sahs damorCilda. is vaxtang V-es Cabarda, romelmac igi iranSi gaagzavna. Sahis karze Teimuraz I didi pativiT miiRes. Sahi kaxeTis taxtze 1652 wels moskovSi gaSvebul mis SviliSvils - erekles gamefebas Sehpirda. am droisvis erekle batoniSvili moskovidan TuSeTSi Camosuliyo, saidanac kaxeTis taxtis ZaliT xelSi Cagdeba hqonda ganzraxuli. Teimuraz I-ma SviliSvils Tavisi rwmunebulebi gaugzavna, magram ereklem SahTan gamocxadebaze uari Tqva. ganrisxebulma Sah abas II-m Teimuraz I astrabadis cixeSi Camwyvdeva brZana, sadac is 1663 wels 74 wlis asakSi gardaicvala.

Teimuraz I-is nebiTa da Sahis TanxmobiT mefis neSti saqarTveloSi gadmoasvenes da alaverdis kaTedralur taZarSi dakrZales.

mefe Teimuraz I-ma qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana. man sparsulidan Targmna poemebi: “vardbulbuliani”, “Samifarvaniani”, “leilamajnuniani”, “ioseb -zilixaniani”. rac mTavaria, Teimuraz I-ma STamomavlobas dautova originaluri poema “qeTevan dedoflis wameba”, leqsebis krebuli “majama” da lirikuli leqsebi “soflis samduravi”, “gabaaseba bagisa da Rvinisa”, “Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”, “gremis sasaxleze”, “Tamar mefis saxe daviT-garejas” da sxv. STamomavlebis xsovnaSi mefe Teimurazi mamac da mouRlel mebrZoled darCa, romelic qveynis iranis batonobisagan gaTavisuflebisTvis ibrZoda, amave dros faqiz poetadac, romlis yoveli nawarmoebi samSoblosadmi siyvaruliT aris gaJRenTili, rac man mTeli Tavisi cxovrebiT daamtkica.

22. solomon I imereTis mefe

solomon I - imereTis mefe 1752-1766,1768-1784 wlebSi. 1752 wels 17 wlis asakSi mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg imereTis taxtze solo-mon batoniSvili avida. silomon I-ma feoda-luri anarqiiT moculi qveyana Caibara, romel-ic naxevrad damoukidebeli saTavadoebisagan Sedgeboda da romlis mTavar cixe-simagreebSi Turquli garnizonebi idgnen. tyveebiT vaWroba kvlav grZeldeboda. solomon I-is pirvelive na-bijebma yvelas daanaxa, rom axalgazrda mefes moqmedebis sakmaod Camoyalibebuli gegma hqon-da, romlis gansaxorcieleblad ukidures gad-amwyvet zomebsac ar daerideboda. solomon I-is upirvelesi amocana mefis Zalauflebis ganmt-kiceba, dasavleT saqarTvelos gaerTianeba, ty-

veTa syidvis akrZalva da qveynis TurqeTis batonobisagan gaTavisufleba iyo.am gegmebiT ukmayofilo msxvilma feodalebma levan abaSiZem da rostom raWis

erisTavma solomon I aiZules qveyana daetovebina. 1753 wels axalcixis faSas dax-marebiT solomon I-ma taxti daibruna da SeTqmulebi gandevna, romelTa Soris misi deda, biZa da papac iyvnen.

samegrelos mTavris otia dadianis Tavis mxareze gadasabireblad solomon I Tavis pirvel cols gaeyara da mis asul mariamze daqorwilda. amasTanave, solo-mon I Tavis irgvliv imereTis saSualo da wvril Tavadebs da aznaurebs ikrebs. rogorc ki Tavisi Zalaufleba ganamtkica, mefem dauyovnebliv akrZala tyveebiT vaWroba da amiT TurqeTis sulTanis saJinebiT moTxovnas qveyanaSi tyveTa syidva daeSva, kategoriuli uariT upasuxa. ganrisxebulma sulTanma mustafa III-m (1757-1774) imereTSi laSqari gamogzavna, romelsac ukmayofilo Tavadebi SeuerTdnen levan abaSiZisa da rostom raWis erisTavis meTaurobiT. solomon I-ma daxmarebisaTvis Tavis simamrs, samegrelos mTavar otia dadians mimarTa, romelmac Tavisi vaJis ka-cias meTaurobiT dauyovnebliv gamogzavna jarebi.

1757 wlis 14 dekembers qveynis SuagulSi Setyuebuli Turqebi solomon I-ma xresilis velze sastikad daamarcxa. brZolaSi levan abaSiZe daiRupa, romlis sam-flobeloebi mefem samefo sakuTrebad gamoacxada. am gamarjvebam mniSvnelovnad ganamtkica samefo xelisuflebis avtoriteti.

imave wels solomon I-ma qarTlis mefe Teimuraz II-s aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-dan lekebis gandevnaSi daexmara.

1758 wels mefeebs solomon I-s, Teimuraz II-sa da erekle II-s Soris gareSe mtrebis winaaRmdeg samxedro xelSekruleba daido.

1758 wels imereTSi orgzis SemoWrili Turqebis damarcxebam dasavleT saqarTveloSi solomon I-is Zalauflebis ganmtkicebas Seuwyo xeli.

am gamarjvebiT isargebla solomon I-ma da dasavleT saqarTvelos gaerTiane-bas Seecada. 1759 wlis dekemberSi am mizniT mefem saeklesio kreba moiwvia, romel-sac didi Tavadebic eswrebodnen. krebaze solomon I gamovida rogorc dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe, xolo guriis, samegrelosa da imereTis Tavadebi misi vasalebi, rac mefis did gamarjvebaze metyvelebda. krebam muSaoba TiTqmis erTi Tve gaagrZe-la da mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebi miiRo, romelic mTel dasavleT saqarTve-los exeboda. krebis erT-erTi mTavari Sedegi dasavleT saqarTvelos mTels teri-toriaze tyveTa syidvis akrZalva iyo.

1760 wlis 15 ianvars qalaq cxinvalSi solomon I aRmosavleT saqarTvelos me-feebs Sexvda, sadac ruseTSi samxedro da ekonomikuri daxmarebis mizniT elCebis gagzavna gadawyvites. elCebi ruseTidan realuri daxmarebis gareSe Camovidnen.

XVIII s.-is 60-ian wlebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi Turqebis Tavdasxmebi gax-Sirda. 1760 wels erT-erTi maTganis imereTSi axalcixis faSas ibrahim I-is (1759-1761) razmebis SemoWra Tavad mefe solomon I-ma moigeria. Turqebi momdevno welsac gan-devnes imereTis samefos sazRvrebidan. 1763 wels samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis mxri-dan ori Turquli armia daiZra dasavleT saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. ibrahim-faSas meTaurobiT SemoWrili jari solomon I-ma gaanadgura, xolo meore nawili qarTlis teritoriaze SeaCeres, isini erekle II-m gandevna, romelsac Tavisi mokavSireebi ex-marebodnen.

am droisaTvis Turqebma imereTis taxtze maTTvis sasurvel pretendents miagnes. es iyo mefe solomon I-is biZaSvili Teimuraz batoniSvili, romelic axalcixeSi im-yofeboda da Turqebs Tavisi gamefebis SemTxvevaSi imereTis teritoriaze tyveebiT vaWrobis aRorZinebas hpirdeboda. 1765 wels Turqebis didZali laSqari hasan-faSas meTaurobiT rostom raWis erisTavTan erTad dasavleT saqarTveloSi Semovida, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi solomonI-is mTavari mokavSireebi guriisa da samegrelos mTavrebi daimorCila da imereTSi SeiWra. sveris cixesTan brZolaSi damarcxebulma solomon I-ma modinaxes cixeSi qaixosro da nikoloz wereTlebTan Seafara Tavi.

1766 wels Turqebma imereTis mefed Teimuraz batoniSvili gamoacxades. solomon I sami wlis ganmavlobaSi agrZelebda brZolas Teimurazisa da Turqebis winaaRmdeg, romelTa mxareze zogierTi didi Tavadic aRmoCnda. 1768 wels CxarTan brZolaSi solomon I-ma gaomarjva da taxti daibruna, xolo erTi wlis Tavze rostom raWis erisTavic daiWira da misi dabrmaveba brZana. mefem misi samflobelo saxelmwifo sakuTrebad gamoacxada.

1768 wels solomon I-ma maqsime quTaTelis meTaurobiT elCebi gagzavna ru-seTSi. mefe solomon I ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlas iTxovda, xolo Tavis mxriv, erekle II-Tan erTad, TurqebTan omis SemTxvevaSi, ruseTis mokavSireobas kisrulob-da. am molaparakebis dros ruseT-TurqeTis omi daiwyo.

1769 wlis oqtombris bolos general totlebenis meTaurobiT ruseTis jari saqarTveloSi Semovida. maTi daxmarebiT solomon I-ma cucxvaTis, Sorapnisa da baR-dadis cixe-simagreebis, xolo 1770 wlis 6 agvistos imereTis dedaqalaqis quTaisis gaTavisufleba SeZlo. mefe solomon I-ma guriidan Turquli orientaciis mTavari giorgi V gurieli gaaZeva da mis nacvlad misi Zma mamia VI daniSna. male solomon I-sa da general totlebens Soris urTierToba gafuWda da ruseTis xelisuflebam Tavisi jarebi saqarTvelodan gaiwvia. 1774 wlis ianvarSi ruseTis jaris wasvliT isargebles Turqebma da imereTSi SeiWrnen. solomon I-is mokavSire erekle II-m im-ereTis mefes damxmare razmi gamougzavna. mdinare Cxerimelas xeobaSi Setyuebuli Turqebi solomon I-ma 1774 wlis 6 Tebervals sastikad daamarcxa.

1774 wlis noemberSi solomon I-ma ruseTs dasavleT saqarTvelos Tavisi mfarvelobis qveS miReba sTxova, magram qiCuqkainarjis zavis dadebis Semdeg Tur-qebTan urTierTobebis garTuleba ruseTis mTavrobam aRar moindoma, ris gamoc mefes uariT upasuxa.

solomon I Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saqmeebis mowyobas Seudga. samefo Zalau-flebis ganmtkicebis mizniT man quTaisis mouravisa da sardal-boqaulTuxucesis Tanamdebobebi gaaerTiana, riTac TavadTa erTi nawilis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. 1778 wels misi politikiT ukmayofilo imereTis Tavadebma mefis winaaRmdeg SeTqmuleba moawyves da misi taxtidan Camofdeba da taxtis memkvidris aleqsandre batoniSvi-lis gamefeba scades. male SeTqmuleba gamomJRavnebuli iqna.

TurqeTTan omis damTavrebis Semdeg solomon I-ma damoukideblobis mosurne samegrelosa da guriis mTavarTa winaaRmdeg gailaSqra. 1775 wels man orjer ilaSqa guriaSi da gurieli aiZula mefis Zalauflebas damorCileboda. momdevno wels solomon I-ma samegreloSi Tavisi moyvare kacia II dadianic sabolood daimorCila. amis Semdgom es ori mTavari imereTis mefis erTguli mokavSire gaxda. 1779 wels solomon I-ma ruxTan brZolaSi Turqebi gaanadgura, romlebic misi vasalis, sameg-relos mTavris teritoriaze SeWriliyvnen.

imave wels solomon I-ma romis paps pius VI-s (1775-1799) daxmareba sTxova, magram realuri mxardaWera ver miiRo.

1784 wels Turqebi guriis dasapyrobad SeiWrnen. solomon I 6 aTasiani jariT Tavisi mokavSiris dasaxmareblad mvida, man qobuleTis cixe-simagre daikava da baTu-mamde Cavida. 9 marts ukan dabrunebuli mefe Casafrebulma Turqebma daamarcxes.

1784 wlis 23 aprils mefe solomon I gardaicvala, romelic gelaTSi RvTism-Soblis taZarSi dakrZales.

21. mefe erekle II

erekle II - kaxeTis mefe 1744-1762 wleb-Si, qarTl-kaxeTis mefe 1762-1790 wlebSi, xolo 1790-1798 wlebSi - saqarTvelos mefe.

mefe Teimuraz II-is ufrosma vaJma erek-le batoniSvilma bavSvoba fSavSi gaatara, sa-dac kaxeTze lekTa gamudmebuli Tavdasxmebis gamo Tavad mefe Teimurazic imyofeboda. 1735 wels mefe Teimuraz II-m Tavisi 15 wlis Svili lekTa morige Tavdasxmis mosagerieblad gag-zavna. erekle batoniSvilma mteri gaanadgura. es iyo xalSi “patara kaxad” wodebuli baton-iSvilis pirveli gamarjveba.

1738 wels iranSi myofi Teimuraz II nadir-Sahis moTxovniT iZulebuli gaxda erekle ba-toniSvili iranSi gamoeZaxa. 1738-1739 wlebSi

nadir-Sahs indoeTis dasalaSqravad Tan axlda erekle batoniSvilic, sadac man Tavi gamoiCina rogorc mamacma mebrZolma. 1739 wels, indoeTze laSqrobis damTa-vrebis Semdeg nadir-Sahma erekle batonSvili kaxeTSi gamouSva.

1744 wlis ivnisSi iranis Sahma Teimuraz II qarTlis, xolo erekle II kaxeTis mefed aRiara. erekle II-is kaxeTSi gamefebisTanave iranze damokidebuleba minimu-mamde davida, xolo nadir-Sahis sikvdilis Semdeg saerTod Sewyda.

nadir-Sahis mokvlamde cota xniT adre Teimuraz II iranSi Cavida, qarTlis mma-rTvelad erekle II datova, xolo moadgiled iese mefis vaJi - arCil (abdula-beg) batoniSvili, romlis rezidenciaac qvemo qarTlSi, samSvildes cixeSi iyo. male, gamefebis mosurne arCilma Tbilisis asaRebad laSqari Sekriba da Tavis dasax-mareblad lekTa razmebi daiqirava. arCil batoniSvils TbilisSi mdgari iranelTa garnizonic exmareboda. arCilTan erTwliani omi mefe erekle II-is gamarjvebiT dasrulda, romelmac 1748 wels Tbilisi daikava.

1749-1750 wlebSi erekle II-m iranidan axlad mobrunebul mamasTan erTad amierkav-kasiis mahmadian xanebTan gamudmebul brZolas Seudga, romlis dasrulebis Sedegad ganjis, erevnis, yarabaRisa da naxWevanis saxanoebi qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebis moxarkeebi gaxdnen.

1750 wels mefe erekle II-m kaxeTSi ganuwyvetlad moTareSe lekebi gaanadgura. imave wels mowveul darbazze Teimuraz II-m da erekle II-m gadawyvites lekTa Tare-SisTvis bolo moeRoT. gaerTianebuli qarTuli laSqari War-belaqnisken daiZra. ganjis xanis Ralatis gamo 1751 wlis 15 Tebervals qarTvelebi damarcxdnen.

imave wels, saqarTvelos moxarke erevnis xanma, romelsac Tavrizis mflobelis Tavdasxma emuqreboda, daxmarebisaTvis saqarTvelos mefeebs mimarTa. 1751 wlis 26-27 ivliss erevnis maxloblad yirbulaxTan brZolaSi erekle II-m Tavrizis mflo-beli gaanadgura, riTac erevnisa da naxWevanis saxanoebSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefoTa poziciebi ganamtkica.

1752 wels qarTlSi SemoWrili Saqi-Sirvanis xanis - aji-Celebis (1743-1755) winaaRmdeg erekle II-m gaerTianebuli qarTuli jari gamoiyvana, romelsac Crdilo kavkasiaSi Sekrebili oebisa da Cerqezebis razmebi SemouerTdnen. 1752 wlis 1 se-qtembers TulqiTafis midamoebSi erekle II-m aji-Celebis laSqars sZlia, ris Se-degadac qarTlisa da kaxeTis winaaRmdeg mahmadiani saxanoebis kavSiri sabolood daiSala.

qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebma xuTwliani ganuwyveteli omebiT moaxerxes me-zobeli mahmadianuri saxanoebis morigeba da amierkavkasiaSi TavianTi upiratesoba - pirveloba ganamtkices.

1754 wels xunZaxis gamgebelma nursal-begma (1730-1787) didi laSqriT qarT-lis samefos teritoriaze mWadijvris cixe-simagres (duSeTis maxloblad) alya Semoartya. 1754 wlis 16 agvistos erekle II-m daamarcxa lekebis laSqari da nur-sal-begi aiZula daRestanSi gaqceuliyo. erTi wlis Tavze nursal-begi 20 aTasiani jariT kvlav SeiWra kaxeTSi da yvarlis cixe-simagres alya Semoartya. mefe erekle II-is moxerxulobam nursal-begi aiZula kaxeTi mietovebina.

1758 wels aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefoTa Soris arsebul samxedro-poli-tikur kavSirs imereTis samefoc SemouerTda. mefeebma Teimuraz II-m, erekle II-m da solomon I-ma samxedro TanamSromlobis sferoSi SeTanxmebas miaRwies.

1760 wels qarTveli mefeebi kvlav Seikribnen cxinvalSi. mefeebma gadawyvites ruseTSi elCebis gagzavna iranelebisa da lekebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi samxedro daxmarebis TxovniT. ruseTSi mimaval qarTul misias saTaveSi Teimuraz II Caudga, romelmac qarTlis gamgeblad erekle II daniSna. 1762 wlis 8 ianvars sanqt-peter-burgSi mefe Teimuraz II gardaicvala. mefe erekle II-m mamis gardacvalebisTanave aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefoebi qarTl-kaxeTis erTian samefod gaaerTiana.

mefe erekle II qveyanaSi feodaluri gaTiSulobis likvidacias Seudga, magram Tavadebis mxridan Zlier winaaRmdegobas waawyda. maT samefo taxtze asvlis pirve-live wlebidan samxedro gadatrialeba da mefis mokvla ganizraxes. SeTqmulebas xelmZRvanelobdnen vaxtang VI-is ukanono Svili paata batoniSvili da batoniSvil arCilis (abdula-begis) vaJi daviTi. 1765 wlis dekemberSi SeTqmulebas farda aexada, gaimarTa sasamarTlo, romlis Sedegadac separatistebi sikvdiliT dasajes, xolo masSi monawile Tavadebi daabrmaves, qoneba CamoarTves da saxelmwifo xazinas ga-dasces.

1760 wels erekle II-m iranis SinaomiT isargebla da erevani da ganja daimorCila. imave wels mefe erekle II-m iranis mmarTvel qerim-xan zends (1748-1779) saqarTveloSi datyvevebuli Tavrizis mflobeli azat-xani gaugzavna, romelic Tavis mxriv iranis samefo taxtze pretenzias acxadebda. amiT man qerim-xan uzarmazari samsaxuri gau-wia. 1763 wels qerim-xanma sapasuxod erekle II qarTl-kaxeTis mefed scno da erevnisa da ganjis saxanoebze misi uflebebi aRiara. mTels amierkavkasiaSi qarTl-kaxeTis samefospoitikuri upiratesoba damtkicda. 1763 wels ruseTis imperiam qarTl-kax-eTis gaerTianeba da erekle II-is gamefebis faqti aRiara.

mefis Zalauflebis gansamtkiceblad erekle II-m Sesabamisi nabijebi gadadga. jer kidev 1755 wels man yazaxis saxano daSala, 1765 wels borCalo uSualod qarTl-kaxeTis samefos SeuerTda, xolo 1773 wels qsnis saerisTavoc gaauqma.

1768 wels ruseT-TurqeTis morigi omi daiwyo. erekle II da solomon I ruseTis mokavSireebad gamovidnen. erekle II ruseTis daxmarebiT Turqebis mier mitacebuli samxreT saqarTvelos miwebis dabrunebasa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi lekTa Tare-Sis aRkveTas fiqrobda.

1769 wels saqarTveloSi, SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, qarTveli mefeebis mxardaWerad generali totlebenis meTaurobiT rusuli jari Semovida. 1770 wlis aprilis Sua ricxvebSi mefe erekle II-is laSqarma general totlebenis razmebTan erTad awy-uris cixes alya Semoartya. Sua brZolaSi generalma totlebenma mefe erekle II miatova da Tavisi jariT qarTlSi Semobrunda. qarTvelTa laSqarSi totlebenis nabijma aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia. Turqebis garnizonma moalyeebis dabneuloba SeamCnia

da alyis garRvevas Seecada, miuxedavad amisa, mefe erekle II-m Turqebis damarcxeba da maTi cixeSi Semwyvdeva moaxerxa. gamarjvebulma mefe erekle II-m alyis gagrZele-ba uazrobad miiCnia da javaxeTis gavliT qarTlSi dabruneba ganizraxa. Turqebma qarTuli jaris alyaSi moqceva da ganadgureba gadawyvites. 1770 wlis 3 maiss mefe erekle II-m axalqalaqidan mosuli Turqebis 1500-ian razms aspinZasTan SeebrZola, isini qarTvelebisaTvis ukandasaxevi gzebis moWras cdilobdnen. mefe erekle II-is meTaurobiT qarTveli meomrebi mters moulodnelad daesxnen da Turqebi ukuaqcies. male axalcixis mxridan Turqebisa da lekebis 4 aTasiani razmi gamoCnda. saomari Zalebis gadanawilebis wyalobiT mefe ereke II-m isinic gaanadgura, xolo cocxlad gadarCenilebi tyved aiyvana.

mefe erekle II-is TbilisSi dabrunebis Semdeg totlebenTan misi urTierToba sabolood gauaresda. mefis taxtidan Camogdebis mosurne general totlebens erek-les mier miRebulma energiulma zomebma Tavis zraxvebze xelis aReba aiZula. male totlebeni ruseTSi ixmes, ris Semdegadac 1772 wlis maisSi ruseTis jari saqarTve-lodan gaiyvanes.

1768-1774 wlebSi ruseT-TurqeTis omis gamo mefe erekle II-m Tavisi miznebis ganxorcieleba ver SeZlo. metic, male erevnis xanma sulTans morCileba gamoucxa-da. Turqebis mxardaWeriT aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi lekTa TareSi ganaxlda.

ruseT-TurqeTis omis gamo Tavsdatexili warumteblobis miuxedavad mefe erekle II kvlav ibrZoda saxelmwifo xelisuflebis gansamtkiceblad. 1773 wels mowveulma darbazma lekTa TareSis aRsakveTad regularuli laSqris “morige jaris” Seqmna gadawyvita. samxedro samsaxurisTvis yoveli vargisi mamakaci erTi Tvis ganmavlo-baSi saxelmwifo jarSi unda gamosuliyo sakuTari xarjebiT. erekle II-m jaris me-Taurad Tavisi vaJi levan batoniSvili daniSna. Tavdapirvelad 5 aTasamde mebrZoli ikribeboda. maTi saSualebiT lekTa TareSi marTlac aRikveTa. 1781 wels levan batoniSvili gardaicvala, ris Semdegac “morige jaris” ricxvi TandaTanobiT SeTx-elda, male Sekrebebze aRaravin cxaddeboda.

XVIII s.-is 70-ian wlebSi iransa da TurqeTs Soris urTierTobebis gamwvavebis gamo axlo aRmosavleTSi mdgomareoba kidev ufro daiZaba. saomari mzadebis dros TiToeuli mxare erekle II-is Tavis mxareze gadabirebas cdilobda, man garkveuli fiqris Semdeg saboloo arCevani TurqeTze SeaCera. 1778 wels TurqeTsa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Soris xelSekrulebas moewera xeli. am kavSirma mefe erekle II-es imedebi ver gaamarTla, radgan TurqeTma irans omi ver gamoucxada, xolo ereklesa da iranis mmarTvelis qerim-xan zends Soris urTierToba ki gamwvavda. male qerim-xani aResrula da irani Sinaomebma moicva.

mefe erekle II-is metoqad amierkavkasiaSi Sirvanis mflobeli faT-ami-xani (1758-1789) iyo, romelmac iranSi mimdinare SinaomebiT isargebla da mimdebare teritorie-bis dapyroba ganizraxa. mas erevnisa da ganjis xanebic SeuerTdnen. yarabaRis xani ibrahimi (1759-1804) erekle II-s uWerda mxars. 1779 wels mokavSireebma faT-ali-xanis jarebi orjer zedized daamarcxes da ganjis xani kvlav daimorCiles. imave wels aseTive bedi ewia erevnis xansac.

laSqrobidan dabrunebul erekle II-s garTulebuli Sinapolitikuri viTareba daxvda. imereTis mefe solomon I erekle II-is TurqeTTan kavSiriT SeSfoTebuli iyo. mas eSinoda, rom amis gamo imereTis samefos daomorCilebdnen da qarTl-kaxeTs SeuerTebdnen. ukmayofilo qarTlis Tavadebi solomon I-is irgvliv dairazmnen. imereTSi mefe solomon I-Tan vaxtang VI-is SviliSvili, ufliswul baqaris vaJi, qarTlis taxtis pretendenti aleqsandre batoniSvili Camovida, romelic qarTlis Tavadebs erekle II-is winaaRmdeg ajanyebisaken mouwodebda. maTi gegmebi erekle II-is laSqrobidan dabrunebam CaSala. aleqsandre batoniSvili darubandSi faT-ali-xanTan wavida da misi daxmarebiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg jarebis Tavmoyras Seudga.

1781-1782 wlebSi mefe erekle II-m evrops qveynebTan amaod Seecada kavSiris damyarebas.

XVIII s.-is miwuruls amierkavkasia saerTaSoriso winaaRmdegobebis erT-erT kvanZs warmoadgenda, sadac ruseTis, iranisa da TurqeTis interesebi erTmaneTze gadaxlarTuliyvnen. mefe erekle II-es unda gadaewyvita, Tu romel maTganze aeRo orientacia.

1782 wls 21 dekembers ekaterine II-es mefe erekle II-m qveynis ruseTis mfarvelo-bis qveS miReba sTxova. manamde, cota xniT adre, mis winaaRmdeg Sekrebili laSqari faT-ali-xanma daSala, xolo aleqsandre batoniSvili amierkakasiidan gaaZeva.

1783 wlis 24 ivliss Crdilo kavkasiaSi, georgievskis cise-simagreSi ruseTis imperiasa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Soris daido mfarvelobiTi traqtati, romel-sac mefe erekle II-is mxridan Tavadebma ioane muxranbatonma da garsevan WavWavaZem moaweres xeli, xolo ekaterine II-is mxridan - pavle potiomkinma. 1784 wlis 24 ianvars, mas Semdeg, rac dokuments Tavisi xelmowera erekle mefemac moawera xeli, is ZalaSi Sevida. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saSinao saqmeebSi damoukidebeli rCeboda, xolo sagareo politikuri saqmeebis warmarTvaSi prioritets ruseTis imperias aniWebda. qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebuli samefo taxti mefe erekle II-es da mis mem-kvidreebs rCebodaT.

1783 wlis 3 noembers ruseTis armiis ori batalioni, SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, Tbi-lisSi Semovida. 1784 wlis 28 ianvars mefe erekle II-m ekaterine meorisadmi erT-gulebis fici dado.

amierkavkasiaSi rusuli razmebis Semosvlam mTeli muslimuri samyaro SeaS-foTa. TurqeTisagan waqezebuli ganja da erevani mefe erekle II-es gamoeyvnen, kvlav ganaxlda lekTa TareSi. traqtatis pirobebis Sesabamisad ruseTis mTavrobas mefe erekle II saomar daxmarebas sTxovda, magram maTgan mxolod rCevebsa da dapirebebs iRebda.

1785 wels 20 aTasiani laSqriT xunZaxis gamgebeli omar-xani aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi SemoiWra da qveyana aaoxra. mefe erekle II iZulebuli gaxda masTan zavi daedo da yovelwliurad 5 aTasi maneTi exada. mefe erekle II-is mdgomareoba ukiduresad garTulda.

saqarTvelosadmi ruseTis interesi droTa ganmavlobaSi icvleboda. TurqeTma mefe erekle II-s winadadebiT mimarTa, rom 1778 wlis xelSekruleba aRedgina mx-olod ruseTTan kavSiris gawyvetis pirobiT. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefis winaSe sagareo orientaciis sakiTxSi klavindeburad dadga.

mefe erekle II-es mesame colisgan - darejan dadianisgan vaJiSvilebi hyavda, romlebic TurqeTTan kavSiris dadebisken ixrebodnen.

1787 wels ruseT-TurqeTis axali omis dawyebisTanave rusTa razmebi saqarTve-lodan gaiyvanes, ris gamoc mefe erekle II-sa da mahmadianur samyaros Soris mSvi-dobiani urTierToba aRdga.

siwynare arc mefis ojaxSi iyo. samefo taxti memkvidreobiT erekle II-is ufros vaJs giorgi ufliswuls ekuTvnoda, romelis mas meoremeuRlisgan hyavda. mesame Tanamecxedris, darejanis Svilebi mas mtrobdnen, dedofalic Tavis mxriv, sakuTari Svilebis sasargeblod xlarTavda intrigebis qsels. dadejan dedoflis zewoliT 1791 wels erekle II-m ori kanoni gamosca, romelTagan pirveli Zireulad cvlida qarTuli taxtis memkvidreobis wess, xolo meores, romelic saufliswulo sakuTre-bas Seexeboda, realurad saxelmwifo decentralizaciisken mihyavda. mefem pirveli kanoni swrafad Secvala, batoniSvilebs Soris mtroba ki kidev ufro gaRrmavda.

1784 wels imereTis mefe solomon I pirdapiri memkvidris gareSe aResrula. imereTis taxtze pretenzias acxadebdnen solomon I-is ZmiSvili daviT arCilis Ze da mefis biZaSvili daviT giorgis Ze. imereTis TavadTa jgufma erekle II-es aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis erT samefod gaerTianeba sTxoves. mefe erekle II-m darbazi mowvia, magram imis gamo, rom am nabijs TurqeTsa da ruseTTan urTierTobis gaamwvavebda, darbazma es winadadeba uaryo.

1789 wels mefe erekle II-m daviT arCilis Zes taxtze asvlaSi daexmara. marTa-lia, saqarTvelos gamTlianebis mcdeloba CaiSala, magram solomon meored wode-

bul daviT arCilis Zis xelSewyobiTa da misi TanamoRvawis vice kancleris solo-mon lioniZis mxardaWeriT, 1790 wels erekle II-is meTaurobiT qarTvel mefeebsa da mTavrebs Soris gareSe mtrebTan sabrZolvelad samxedro-politikuri kavSiri - “iv-erielTa erTobis traqtati” daido. am traqtatis Tanaxmad erekle II aRiarebuli iyo saqarTvelos mefed.

XVIII s.-is 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi iranis taxtze aRa-mahmad-xani (1794-1797) avida da saxelmwifoSi SenabrZolebi Sewyda. 1791 da 1794 wlebSi aseTi Zlieri da saSiSi mowinaaRmdegis gamoCenasTan dakavSirebiT erekle II-m ruseTs jarebi da ar-tileria sTxova.

1795 wels qarTl-kaxeTSi SemoWrili aRa-mahmad-xani qvemo qarTlis gavliT Tbiliss moadga. iranis uzarmazari laSqari krwanisis maxloblad dabanakda. gad-amwyvet brZolamde erTi dRiT adre darejan dedofalma SvilebTan erTad Tbilisi miatova, xolo qalaqi panikam moicva. 10 seqtembers istoriaSi krwanisis saxeliT cnobili brZola daiwyo. qarTuli jarebis dasavleTi frTis xelmZRvanelma, erekle II-is SviliSvilma daviT batoniSvilma iranelebi sagrZnoblad daazarala, magram 11 seqtembers ganjis xanis gamcemlobis Sedegad sparselebma dacvis garRveva SeZles da qalaqisaken daiZrnen. mefe erekle II-is mcirericxovanma razmma aRa-mahmad-xanis laSqars gza mouWra. qarTvelebi gaafTrebiT ibrZodnen, giorgi XII-is vaJis ioane batoniSvilis damxmare razmma moaxerxa mefe erekles alyidan gamoyvana; Tavisi papa ioane batoniSvilma ananuris cixe-simagreSi gadaiyvana, xolo daviT batoniSvilis laSqarma organizebulad daixia ukan. iranelebma Tbilisi gaZarcves da gadawves. male aRa-mahmad-xanma saqarTvelo datova. mefis brZanebiT TbilisSi aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi daiwyo.

1796 wels mefe erekle II-m Tavisi SviliSvilis daviT batoniSvilisa da vaJis aleqsandre batoniSvilis meTaurobiT ganjaSi jarebi gagzavna. yarabaRis razmebi qarTvelTa dasaxmareblad gamovidnen. miuxedavad amisa cixe-simagris alyam didx-ans gastana. mefe erekles meTaurobiT damatebiTi jarebis mosvlisTanave ganja Cabarda.

1798 wlis 11 ianvars mefe erekle II qalaq TelavSi gardaicvala. mefe erekle II ukanasknel gzaze misma jarma gaacila. mefe erekle II-is cxedari mcxeTamde xeliT atares da sveticxovlis kaTedralur taZarSi dakrZales.