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PVTRIN Training course

TRAINERS GUIDE

Martifer Solar SA

PVTRIN Training course- Trainers Guide iii

Soitec

CONTENTS

CONTENTS iii

1. Introduction 1

2. The PVTRIN Training and Certification

Scheme 2

2.1. Which are the PVTRIN Scheme

objectives 2

2.2. What are the benefits of the PVTRIN

scheme 3

2.2.1. for the technicians 3

2.2.2. for the training providers 3

2.2.3. for the PV industry 3

2.3. Target Group 4

2.4. PVTRIN Course Overview 4

2.5. Outcomes of the course 5

3. Training approach 5

3.1. Classroom Lecturers 6

3.2. Hands-on training 7

3.3. Trainees’ practice and performance

assessment during the TC 7

4. Training material and tools 8

4.1. PVTRIN Handbook – Study Guide 8

4.2. Worksheets (Activities, Exercises

and Solutions book) 9

4.3. E-learning platform 9

4.4. Trainers’ handouts 10

4.5. Relevant software and simulation

tools 10

4.6. Demonstration Videos 11

4.7. Further resources 11

5. Suggested Training Facilities and

Equipment 11

6. Suggested Training Delivery Plan 13

7. PVTRIN Certification and Assessment 13

7.1. PVTRIN Certification overview 13

7.2. Trainees’ Assessment 17

7.3. Critical Aspects of Evidence 19

7.4. Assessment Criteria 19

8. References for the PVTRIN Trainers 21

Appendix 1. Syllabus and Learning

outcomes table 24

Appendix 2. Suggested Training Delivery

Plan table 33

Appendix 3 Activities to be included in the

PVTRIN practical examination 38

Appendix 4 Core Subjects for PVTRIN

written examination 43

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 49

PVTRIN PARTNERS 50

PVTRIN Training course - Trainers Guide 1

1. Introduction

During the last decades the PV technologies have been experienced high market growth for

photovoltaics, reaching an installed capacity of 51,7 GW at the end of 2011.This trend is

further supporting by the European Energy and Climate Change policies, and the EU Member

States’ favorable legislations According to the industry’s forecasts, a total installed capacity of

over 600 GW is predicted for the year 2030, in EU MS.

The application of PV technologies, however, requires highly-qualified technicians for PV

installation, repair and maintenance. More than 1.400.000 PV jobs are forecasting till the end

of 2030 (including research, production, wholesale, installation and supply). Up to now,

national markets have been growing at a faster rate than the qualified PV installers force can

satisfy. The shortage of skilled workforce may result in a threat to the PV industry. On the

other hand there is a great potential for new jobs for the technical workforce.

Certification schemes can provide reassurance that the installer has the capacity (organisation,

competence and equipment) to complete a PV installation safely and effectively. Across

Europe the availability of certification schemes for PV installers varies greatly between MS.

Many do not have certification schemes, although training courses for PV installers are often

available. But where training courses are available, these generally have different eligibility

requirements and qualifications.

Along these lines, the recent EU Directive (2009/28/EC) is forcing the EU MS for mutual

acknowledged certification schemes. Furthermore, the interested parties (manufacturers,

developers, investors) seek certified skills and quality assurance in all phases of a PV

installation (design, installation and maintenance).

So, to meet the market challenges, the appropriate training systems, as well as certification

schemes, which will validate the competence of the installers, need to be developed in order

to ensure efficient installation and good functioning of installed PV systems.

This is the scope of the European initiative PVTRIN which focuses on the development of an

appropriate training and certification scheme for technicians who are active in the installation

and maintenance of small scale PV systems, and establishes the basis for the adoption of a

mutual acknowledged certification scheme within EU MS. As part of the PVTRIN activities,

appropriate training materials have been developed to assist technicians to gain additional

knowledge and skills and to successfully participate in training processes aligned to higher level

of qualifications based on the requirements of the EU RES Directive (2009/28/EC) and the

national regulations.


This guide was developed within the framework of the PVTRIN project which is co-financed by

the Intelligent Energy Europe programme of the European Commission. It presents the key

components of the PVTRIN training course, describes the requirements for the training and

certification procedures, also provides suggestions for the training delivery strategies and lists

of suggested resources.

Important note: The trainers’ guide is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and training

providers may need to customise and compliment this material to ensure the efficient delivery

of the training and that the learning needs of their target groups are met, taking into account

the national conditions as regards PV installers training needs and national regulations’

requirements.

2. The PVTRIN Training and Certification Scheme

The PVTRIN Training and Certification Scheme, is developed within the framework of the

PVTRIN European project and co-financed by the Intelligent Energy Europe programme of the

European Commission. Creating a qualified installers workforce, PVTRIN supports the

European Photovoltaic industry to confront the shortage of skilled technicians.

The PVTRIN Scheme is, initially, implemented in six (6) countries: Greece, Bulgaria, Croatia,

Cyprus, Romania and Spain, incorporating the national legislation, the market’s needs and the

PV industry’s requirements. Furthermore, the training and certification scheme integrates the

criteria established in the 2009/28/EC RES Directive regarding requirements for certified

training courses and training providers, thus providing a supporting instrument for EU Member

States to meet their obligations for acknowledged certifications for RES installers until

31/12/2012. In order to incorporate the real needs of the market, to achieve consensus and to

assure the broadest possible support, the key stakeholder groups are involved to transfer

market experience and to provide consultation.

2.1. Which are the PVTRIN Scheme objectives

The PVTRIN Training and Certification Scheme aim to:

� set the base for the adoption of a mutually acknowledged certification scheme within

EU Member States

� establish a pool of local technicians who are competent at installing PV systems

according multinational quality standards

� encourage a greater number of technicians to advance their professional skills

� reinforce PV technology’s credibility, to boost the competitiveness of the PV industry

and to contribute to the PV/BIPV market growth in the participating countries


� provide a supporting instrument, for EU Member States, to meet their obligations for

acknowledged certifications for RES installers till 31/12/2012.

2.2. What are the benefits of the PVTRIN scheme

2.2.1. for the technicians

� High quality training courses

� Flexible training opportunities through e-learning platform; a “24/7” technical

assistance with useful technical information practical guides and handy training

material and tools through the web

� Advancement and updating of their knowledge and technical skills

� Employability; Recognition and professional competitive advantage due to their

certification according acknowledged quality standards

� Mobility; the certification provides the “passport” to the EU job market

2.2.2. for the training providers

� A training methodology and accreditation scheme to be adopted in their training

courses

� A well-structured training course and state of the art training materials in their

national language to utilize

� Tools to correspond to an active need of the market and the society � A specific, defined, policy and professional framework to develop their courses

2.2.3. for the PV industry

Creating a qualified installers workforce, PVTRIN supports the EU PV Industry to address the

need for skilled technicians. The increased confidence of PV investors will lead to market

growth. The PV industry is favored due to:

� Availability of efficient workforce

� Increased credibility and confidence to the technology by the potential investors

(better system performance and reduced risks)

� Satisfied customers (efficient installations, less technical failures, lower operational

costs)


2.3. Target Group

The PVTRIN training course (TC) aims at qualified electricians (that have received training on DC

systems and are qualified/licensed to practice in electrical installations of at least 10kW) who

wish to enter into the photovoltaic market and to activate in PV installation and maintenance.

They are expected to have gained relevant experience whilst working for a PV installation

company, electrical installation company or a roofing company. The level of field experience

required is likely to depend on the qualifications of the trainee. More details about the criteria

and requirements for the PVTRIN trainees may found at PVTRIN Certification documentation.

2.4. PVTRIN Course Overview

This course covers the design, installation and maintenance principles of small scale PV

systems. Participants will develop their skills and understanding of basic solar and electrical

theory, systems components, design, installation, commissioning and handover of a small scale

PV system, including also maintenance and troubleshooting.

The PVTRIN TC covers eight (8) major areas:

1. Solar energy basics

2. Design principles

3. BAPV and BIPV

4. Installation-Safety

5. Maintenance and troubleshooting

6. Case studies-best practices

7. Example installation of a small scale PV in building

8. Quality management and customer care

The TC consists of two parts, the theoretical and practical training The first part describes the

underpinning knowledge that is required to understand the theory behind PV systems, related

regulations, safety requirements and installation and testing; to be delivered with a

combination of face-to-face (classroom lecturers), and online training through the e-learning

platform developed to support the PVTRIN curriculum. The second part concerns the

application of practical skills in carrying out installation and testing.

The full duration of the TC -starting date to assessment completion- is estimated to be

approximately 2 months. The standard training curriculum is an 8-days program consisting of

lectures, exercises, and hands-on training. However, the schedule and curriculum of training

should be arranged according to specific national conditions i.e. level of trainees, location of

hands-on site etc.

The examination/assessment follows 2 weeks after the end of the training.

The course structure is presented in the following table (TABLE 1).

The standard training curriculum for the PVTRIN TC is provided in the Appendix 1.


TABLE 1. PVTRIN TRAINING COURSE STRUCTURE

MODULE CLASS LAB/SITE SELF STUDY

8

da

ys

cla

ss

co

urs

e d

ura

tio

n 4

we

ek

s

hours

1. BASICS 4 6

2. DESIGN PRINCIPLES 9 3 24

3. BAPV AND BIPV 4 8

4. INSTALLATION - SITEWORK 10 2 30

5. MAINTENANCE AND

TROUBLESHOOTING 3 2 8

6. CASE STUDIES – BEST PRACTICES 3 14

7. EXAMPLE INSTALLATION OF A SMALL

SCALE PV ON BUILDING 4 7 12

8. QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND

CUSTOMER CARE 3 6

40 14 108

2.5. Outcomes of the course

Once the described areas of competencies are completed and the trainees have fulfilled the

assessment requirements, they may be eligible for the PVTRIN Certification.

The certified installers will be listed in a database uploaded on the PVTRIN website.

Detailed information about the PVTRIN Certification may be found to the PVTRIN Certification

Scheme documentation.

3. Training approach

The training process for the qualified trainers includes indicatively:

� 40 hours of preparation for the lecturers and assessment procedures

� 40 hours of classroom training (lecturers, group discussion, case studies, exercises)

� 14 hours hand-on training (lab, onsite)

� 30 hours of online monitoring (relevant to the -approximately- 106 hours of trainee’s

self-study and practice through the e-learning platform)

� 1,5 hours per candidate for assessment


The hands-on training deepens the participant’s knowledge and understanding on the points

covered during the lecture. The self-study process, using the flexible and resourceful PVTRIN e-

learning platform, is supporting further the learning experience and helps to better absorb and

understand the training modules. With this approach, the repetition of the theory and the

learning experience will be more efficient and less boring for both trainers and trainees.

For an effective training, it is necessary for the trainers to examine thoroughly the methods

and contents of the training, as well the training tools, in order to be able to meet the

expectations of the course. Qualified trainers should consider how to best combine the

classroom lecture, the self-study plan and the hands-on training.

The PVTRIN training course’s curriculum, presenting the learning objectives, skills and

competences to be obtained concluding each learning unit, is provided in Appendix 1.

3.1. Classroom Lecturers

The lecture part of the training is conducted based on the Trainee’s Study Guide (PVTRIN Solar

Installer Handbook). The texts contain lots of figures, diagrams, and photos to facilitate better

understanding. Also, a great number of resources are recommended in order to help trainers

and trainees to expand their knowledge and advance the level of understanding on specific

topics. Therefore, trainers need to prepare carefully what to instruct during the lecture.

Trainers should always pay attention to the level of understanding of the participants and

resiliently adapt to it accordingly. The following points should be taken into consideration for

effective lecturing:

� Asking the participants to confirm understanding;

� Homework for the review of the lectures;

� Practice to deepen the knowledge;

� Introduction of examples;

� Discussion among participants; and

� Participant presentations.

Involving participants in a training workshop in an active way, which incorporates their own

experience, is essential. Such experiential learning gives the trainees an opportunity to begin

developing their skills and to receive immediate feedback.

Also, for preparatory purposes, it is better to provide the participants with the trainer’s

handouts in advance.


3.2. Hands-on training

The hands-on training should be better carried out in small groups, with 3-4 persons per group.

For effective training one trainer should not undertake more than 3 groups. Data sheet for

hands-on training need to be prepared in advance and to be provided to each participant.

The following points should be taken into consideration for effective training:

� To explain purpose and method of the training before the training;

� To give instruction on how to use the measuring instruments;

� To provide all members with opportunities to monitor using measuring instruments;

� To let the participants to process the meaning of the monitored data acquired on-site

by themselves; and

� To instruct them to evaluate the result of monitored values.

� If possible, it is suggested for all the participants to discuss and analyze the tasks and

results of the hands-on training among themselves. Following, presentations should

be carried out to evaluate their respective level of understanding.

3.3. Trainees’ practice and performance assessment during the TC

Before the final examination the trainees should practice through on line assessment activities,

in class exercises and other trainer’s assignments.

� Theory Assessment, completing the readings and learning activities for each topic, the

trainees should complete short “quizzes” which may contain multiple choice, short

answer and essay questions. The trainee is supposed to correctly answer all of the

online questions through the e-platform, as well as the in class exercises in order to

complete this part of the assessment. If a question is answered incorrectly, the trainee

will be given the chance to re-read the information available and re-submit his answer.

� Design assignment. The trainee should design one PV systems (rooftop) to complete

this assessment activity. The design must indicatively include:

o Definition of customer’s requirements

o Calculations for matching the inverter power rating with the array rating

o Location including:

� a site plan

� electrical draw, showing all electrical components, ratings and connections

� any required specifications for equipment (i.e. fuse rating, cable size).

o Performance of the system:

� expected average yearly output and what data was used to calculate this

� calculations of the losses

� any assumptions made about operating conditions, solar resource etc.

o Approximate costing of materials

� list of installation equipment, components and accessories; including

tools, components and accessories

� List of safety issues/concerns and how to minimise the risk


o Greenhouse gas emissions avoided by installing the solar system

o Complete installation checklist

� Practical lab exercises: The trainee should practice to the following practical tasks:

o Solar pathfinder & shading activity

o Site assessment activity

o Installation simulation & activity sheet

o Assembling the main components of the PV systems

o Commissioning activity

o Fault-finding activity.

4. Training material and tools

The training materials and tools are described in the following paragraphs. A Study Guide and

further theory resources are provided including all basic knowledge on PV technology and

installation practices which are commonly used. Exercises and homework will be useful for

improving the understanding of the trainees.

4.1. PVTRIN Handbook – Study Guide

The PVTRIN Handbook contains the theoretical training of the PVTRIN course: design,

installation and maintenance principles of small scale PV systems. It is divided in chapters

covering the contents of the PVTRIN course (see TABLE 2). Furthermore, it includes some

comprehensive exercises in each chapter, and other useful information for students as further

reading lists (suggested books, online publications etc), useful links (appropriate software and

simulation tools, European and national legislation, on line libraries for further reading,

applicable codes and quality standards) , glossary and references.

TABLE 2. PVTRIN HANDBOOK’S CHAPTERS

PVTRIN Handbook- Chapters

1. Solar Basics

2. Design Principles

3. BAPV and BIPV

4. Installation – Sitework

5. Case Studies – Best Practices

6. Example Installation of a small scale PV on a Building

7. Maintenance and Troubleshooting

8. Quality Management and Customer Care

9. Glossary of Terms


10. Annexes

Further Reading

4.2. Worksheets (Activities, Exercises and Solutions book)

The Worksheets include a list of example exercises developed to help trainees to self-evaluate

their progress in each chapter of the PVTRIN Handbook including their solutions. They will be

useful for the trainers in order to easily correct the exercises or prepare assessment text.

The Worksheets also provide the solutions of the exercises included at the end of each chapter

of the PVTRIN Handbook, as well as the solutions of the exercises of the PVTRIN e-learning

platform.

4.3. E-learning platform

The PVTRIN e-learning platform consists of a limited access area where all the training material

and the developed tools are uploaded in order to facilitate the training procedure. It is a useful

tool for trainers and trainees, since it operates as a virtual classroom throughout the training

courses duration (including practical exercises, relevant software and simulation tools,

interaction between trainers and trainees, notices “blackboard”, preparatory practice for the

assessment, additional links and resources etc).

The PVTRIN e-learning platform is a powerful self –study tool which enables students to

review those lessons seen in the classroom, to access to additional information, to carry out

activities which will be corrected automatically or by the trainer, to communicate with the

teacher/tutor.

At the same time, the PVTRIN e-learning platform enables trainers to monitor the self-study of

their students, to communicate with them in order to make suggestions about the learning

process, propose lessons revision or new activities to settle their knowledge.

The trainer is able to edit new contents and activities for student assessment or to be

undertaken by students as homework.

The PVTRIN e-learning platform provide also a Forum Area for trainers in order to facilitate

online cooperation and exchange or experiences, between them

After the end of the course, this will be a useful tool for trained installers and may be used as a

supporting resource of knowledge; it will remain accessible for the certified installers as an

extra added value for their certification and participation to the project implementation.

Specific information about the use of the PVTRIN e-learning platform may be found in the

following documents

• PVTRIN e-learning platform Users Manual- for Tutors/Supervisors (D3.7.c)

• PVTRIN e-learning platform Users Manual- for Students (D3.7.b)


4.4. Trainers’ handouts

Trainers’ handouts have been developed to support trainers when using Microsoft

PowerPoint. The ppt slides are developed according to the contents of the PVTRIN Handbook,

focusing to the most essential parts of each chapter.

The notes assume that the trainers are familiar to the content of the handbook. These slides

will be the guide for the development of the theoretical part of the TC, however the trainer

can enrich the slides content if necessary.

4.5. Relevant software and simulation tools

In the PVTRIN Installers’ Handbook – Study Guide, chapter 2, a number of relevant SW and

tools for sizing and simulation of the performance of grid-connected and stand-alone PV

systems are mentioned. Trainers should briefly present to the trainees these tools and their

purpose; and explain deeper how to use some of them selected according trainer’s criteria (in

terms of accuracy, reliability, friendliness, acknowledgement by the national market use, etc. ).

The installer should be advised to access the results to ensure consistency of the design.

The following table lists indicative software and simulation tools.

TABLE 3. INDICATIVE SOFTWARE AND SIMULATION TOOLS FOR PV

PV analysis and planning

PV*SOL http://valentin-software.com

PV F-CHART www.fchart.com

PVSYST www.pvsyst.com

PV-

DesignPro

www.mauisolarsoftware.com

PVPlanner http://solargis.info/doc/4)

Nsol!-GT www.nsolpv.com

Solar Pro www.lapsys.co.jp/english /products/pro.html

RETScreen www.retscreen.net

PVGIS http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

pvgis/apps4/pvest.php

Solar Sizer www.solarray.com

PVselect www.pvselect.com

Performance

Calculation

http://www.volker-

quaschning.de/software/pvertrag/index_e.ph

Educational

Sun applets

http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~Andres.Cuevas

/Sun/Sun.html

Site Analysis

ECOTECT http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/

servlet/pc/index?siteID=123112&id

=12602821

Shadows http://www.shadowspro.com/


4.6. Demonstration Videos

Demonstration videos presenting step by step important parts of the installation process may

be used during the training. Appropriate material has been developed within the framework of

Install+RES and may be used under translation in the national language. Moreover, trainers

and training providers should request available audiovisual material presenting some example

cases of PV installation, or any step of the installation process from the national industry in

order to exploit appropriate materials in their national language.

4.7. Further resources

Besides, trainers may find in the PVTRIN Installers handbook (D3.2) and in the PVTRIN e-

learning platform some – the most important- references which could help them to deliver the

training covering all aspects of the knowledge and skills items which the trainee should obtain

during the PVTRIN training. These include:

� National framework and National Standards as regards PV system installation in each

country

� Webinars, available online

� Books

� Websites

� Databases

� Appropriate software

5. Suggested Training Facilities and Equipment

Practical training (hands-on) on example installations will be needed to comply with the

PVTRIN TC. One practice example for ground mount system and one for roof system would

comply with the requirements of the training.

In the hands-on training, data sheets, measuring instruments and tools are required, and also a

PV training kit could be useful for indoor training. Both theory and practice of the following

topics can be investigated using an appropriate solar power laboratory i.e:

� Measurements with the solar power circuit: Open-circuit voltage and short-circuit

current at various light intensities, angles of incidence and temperatures

� Identifying the IV characteristic and the MPP

� The battery is the energy accumulator in the PV off-grid technology: Discharge

protection and charging regulator; current distribution during charging and draining;

internal-resistance measurements of module and battery, exhaustive discharge

protection

� Electric circuits possible with the PV off-grid technology: Individual overvoltage

protection functions; fuses, splitters and consumers

� Separate inverters: Voltage and current measurements; efficiency and AC voltage

waveforms

� Project: Develop a back-up power supply for safety lighting

� Transfer: Design, construct and test solar power on-grid and off-grid PV system


Suggested equipment:

� 1kW System including:

o 6 x 150W – 200W Modules

o Inverter

o Mounting frames for modules

o Tile kit to attach frames to roof

o Cabling, conduit, saddles etc.

o Meter box & board

o AC rated breakers

o DC rated fusing & breakers – suitably sized

o Compass

o Charge controller

o Flooded lead acid batteries

o Battery, Battery fuse

o Earthing cable and in ground earth stake

o junctions boxes etc. for protection devices

o Cable ties.

� Mock-up roof at ground level, te roof, at least 6 x 8m with attachment point (for

harness ropes)

o --2 safety harnesses

o --Ladder.

� Tools, including:

o General electrical tool kit (tape measures, string lines, screwdrivers, etc)

o Multimeter (that reads both AC and DC voltage and current)

o Allan keys for roof kit attachments

o Cordless drill

o Angle grinder

o Socket set or shifters.

� Other:

o Examples of Design Software

o Pyranometer (optional)

o Inclinometer (optional).

For the class lectures the following equipment is required:

� computer/laptop with internet access

� data projector

� laser pointer

� white board and markers

� Audio-Video equipment


� Samples of different products/components are also recommended, so participants can

see the range available.

The above list is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and trainers may need to customize and

compliment the material with other resources available. Training providers will need to

conduct their own validation of the required equipment provided to ensure that the learning

needs of their trainees are met during training and assessment delivery.

6. Suggested Training Delivery Plan

The sample delivery pattern includes 40 hours of classroom training during the Weeks 1 - 4

and 14 hours of a practical training in weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8. The theory training is supplemented

by online learning and assessment activities for further self study and self practice, through the

e-learning platform, over a period of 7-8 weeks. (See Appendix 2 Suggested Training Delivery

Plan Table)

7. PVTRIN Certification and Assessment

7.1. PVTRIN Certification overview

7.1.1. Scope

The areas that the PVTRIN certification scheme must cover (i.e. its scope) include:

• Fulfilling the requirements of 2009/28/EC Directive Annex IV i.e. the certification

scheme should:

– Be transparent – scheme requirements should be defined, subject to review

and approval by national bodies and be available free of charge

– Include an accredited training course including theory and practical

examinations that leads to the certification of PV installers

– Include requirements for regular training updates as part of certification

maintenance requirements

• meet the legal requirements and be compatible with the institutional framework for

each member state

• Maintaining and enhancing the reputation of the PV industry by including a set of

clear and robust requirements that:

– Underpin the safety, quality and performance of PV installations

– Minimise complaints, and provide processes for dealing with these swiftly and

effectively should they arise


More specifically the scope of the PV installer scheme will include the design, supply,

installation, set to work, commissioning and handover of small scale solar photovoltaic

systems where:

Design means the formulation of a written plan for the installation of a PV system. This shall

include a list of the specific products and fixings that will be combined to form the completed

system. This shall include extensions and alterations to existing systems.

Installation means the activities associated with the placement, fixing and interconnection of

the components of a PV system.

Set to work means the activities required to make the interconnected components work as a

complete PV system.

Commissioning means the activities required to ensure that the installed system operates

within the tolerances, conditions and specifications of the design and the manufacturers’

claims for the installed product.

Handover is the point at which the commissioning of the system has been completed and the

system is operating to the specification agreed with the client such that the installed system,

including any required documentation, is handed over to the client.

Given the broad range of skills and competence required to install PV systems it will be

permissible within the certification scheme to sub-contract certain activities within the scope

of the scheme provided this is managed through a formal sub-contract arrangement that

ensures the requirements of the certification scheme are met by the sub-contractors. Details

of these and other requirements of the PV installer certification scheme are included in the

“List of Requirements of the PVTRIN Certification Scheme” (deliverable D5.2) and are also

discussed in the ‘Requirements’ section of this report.

Correct and timely maintenance is required to ensure the on-going safety and performance of

the installed system of the certification scheme. Thus information regarding the maintenance

requirements of installed systems will be a required item in the documentation given to the

system owner at the handover of the system.

7.1.2. Key Requirements

Key requirements of the PVTRIN certification scheme include installers providing evidence of

competence in the following:

• Solar technology

– Assessing solar resources

– PV technologies and system types

– Benefits of PV systems

• PV system design

– Site survey


– System size and configuration

– Use of simulation software (for verifying system designs)

– Economic and environmental aspects of PV systems

– EU and national standards and regulations

• PV system types

– Grid connected

– Stand alone (e.g. battery) systems

– Building applied (BAPV) systems

� E.g. above-roof systems

– Building integrated (BIPV) systems

� E.g. in-roof and façade mounted systems

• Building structural elements

– Roofs

� Traditional

� Glass

– Façades

• PV system design parameters and performance factors

– Module inclination

– Effect of shading, temperature, ventilation etc.

• Site working

– Safety

– Planning (including sequence of work)

– Installation of electrical components

� D.c. and a.c. components

– Installation of mechanical components

� Mounting systems

– Testing

• Commissioning and handover

– Documentation

• Maintenance and troubleshooting


7.1.3. Roles within the PVTRIN scheme

Trainers Trainers are required to deliver the PVTRIN training course and ensure that trainees

understand the content. This includes presenting course material (both theoretical and

practical), providing feedback on course work and assessments and answering questions from

trainees.

PVTRIN trainers should possess an appropriate training or assessment qualification from a

recognised national authority. They should also have verifiable experience and knowledge of

PV systems and their installation. This may include qualifications relevant to the PV installation

industry awarded by a recognised organisation.

PVTRIN trainers for the practical part of the training course should have relevant experience of

installing PV systems. This may have been gained through previous work as a PV installer or

through being responsible for overseeing and/or approving the installation of PV systems.

In general the trainers should match the following criteria as pre-requisite:

• To have at least five (5) years appropriate professional experience in the installation of

photovoltaic systems (theoretical and practical)

• To be familiar with the PVTRIN training syllabus and curriculum

• To have a thorough knowledge of the relevant training methods

• To be able to communicate effectively both in writing and orally

Training Provider Training providers must have access to all resources needed to deliver the PVTRIN training

course, written and practical examinations. This includes the availability of suitably qualified

and experienced trainers and assessors. In addition, training providers must have appropriate

policies and procedures in place to ensure that, training is available to all suitably qualified

applicants, the quality of learning is maintained and trainees’ progress is appropriately

monitored and evaluated.

The training provider should be compliant with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17024 and

preferably will have the PVTRIN certification scheme document included in its scope of

accreditation. In any event the training provider shall operate a documented management

system that ensures the requirements of ISO/IEC 17024 are applied correctly. Internal audits

shall also be conducted to ensure that the management system is being implemented correctly

and to identify areas for continual improvement or those requiring corrective or preventative

actions.

If the training provider is not accredited to ISO/IEC 17024 for the certification of PV installers

the training provider and/or the PVTRIN training course could be officially recognised by the

National Authority responsible for the certification of vocational training institutions.

Candidates successfully completing the PVTRIN training course with this training provider


would then be assessed for certification by a certification body accredited to ISO/IEC 17024 or

EN 45011 (ISO/IEC Guide 65) for the certification of PV installers.

Assessor

The primary role of assessors is to assess trainees’ knowledge of PV systems and/or their PV

system installation skills against the requirements of the PVTRIN certification scheme. This will

include assessing written exam papers using an approved marking regime provided by the

training centre. An assessor, who may be different from the assessor of the written

examination, should also observe performance during the practical examination and point out

to the trainee any errors made during the PV installation exercise. This assessor should also

use the guidance provided together with the pass criteria to determine if trainees have met

the requirements of the practical examination.

Where an assessor is working on behalf of a training centre that is accredited for the

certification of PV installers then they may be authorised to make certification decisions.

Certification Body

When a training centre is not accredited for the certification of PV installers a certification

body may assess evidence provided by the training centre in order to make certification

decisions. The evidence assessed will include written and practical examination results as well

as other evidence, e.g. qualifications , that an installer meets the requirements of the PVTRIN

certification scheme.

7.2. Trainees’ Assessment

PVTRIN installers will be evaluated in a number of ways against the requirements of the

PVTRIN installer scheme.

To help candidates prepare for the final assessments a number of exercises are included in the

e-learning material. While the e-learning platform is not part of the certification scheme it

does enable trainees to self-evaluate their progress in gaining the knowledge and

competencies required for PVTRIN certification, as well as promoting interaction between

PVTRIN trainees and trainers.

The PVTRIN scheme includes formal written and practical exams.

The written exam follows completion of the PVTRIN training course.

The written exam consists of 120 questions (suggested types: Multiple Choices, True/False, Fill

in the Gap). The weighting of the each training module is presented in the following table.


TABLE 4. WEIGHITING PER TRAINING MODULE TO THE WRITTEN EXAMS

Training module Knowledge area Weighting

(%)

Nr of

Questions

1. Solar Basics

1.1 Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

1.2 PV System

1.3 PV Technologies

1.4 Benefits of PV technology

10 12

2. Design

Principles

2.1. On Site Visit

2.2. System Sizing and Design

2.3. Simulation software

2.4. Economics and Environmental Issues

2.5. Standards and regulations

32 39

3.BAPV and BIPV

3.1 Mounting and building integration

options

3.2 BIPV and BAPV on roofs

3.3 PV on façades

3.4 Glass roofs, shading systems and other

applications

3.5 Design Parameters and Performance

Factors

11 13

4. Installation -

Site work

4.1. Working safely with PV

4.2. Installation plan

4.3. Electrical components installation

4.4. Mechanical Components Installation

4.5. Grid-connected PV Systems

4.6. Stand-alone PV System

4.7. Mounting system and building

installation.

4.8. Completing the PV installation

4.9. Installation checklist

32 39

7. Maintenance

and

troubleshooting

7.1. Maintenance plan

7.2. Common mistakes and failures

7.3. Diagnostic procedures

Documentation to the customer

7.4. Customer Documentation

7.5. Maintenance checklist

8 9

8. Quality

Management &

Customer care

8.1. Quality principles

8.2. EU standards for PV

8.3. Customer care

7 8

TOTAL 100,0 % 120


The installation skills of each candidate will also be assessed in a practical exam. This will

involve the installation of a PV system by the candidate working with others whilst being

observed by an assessor. The activities included in the practical examination are listed in

Appendix 3.

PVTRIN certificated installers are also required to attend refresher seminars or events, on a

tactical basis in order to maintain their certification. Where appropriate an assessment

(written and/or practical) will be included so that certificated installers can provide evidence

that they continue to meet the requirements of the PVTRIN scheme.

7.3. Critical Aspects of Evidence

Candidates must provide evidence for assessment that shows they are able to:

� Demonstrate an understanding of the essential knowledge and associated skills for PV

installations

� Understand the design requirements for both on-grid and off-grid PV systems and be

capable of preparing appropriate designs for these two different PV systems

� Install, set-to-work, commission and handover PV systems in different types of

location (e.g. on-roof, roof integrated, façades)

� Understand and implement appropriate health and safety workplace procedures and

practices including the use of risk control measures

� Conduct work in compliance with national legislation, regulations, polices and

workplace procedures.

� Develop an efficient maintenance plan

� Troubleshoot faults which may occur during system operation and implement

appropriate solutions

(see PVTRIN curriculum, Appendix 1)

7.4. Assessment Criteria

7.4.1. Preparation of examination paper

Upon completing the PVTRIN training course candidates must demonstrate they have the

knowledge and skills required to install the relevant PV equipment and systems to meet the

performance and reliability needs of the customer. Hence the PVTRIN training course

concludes with both written and practical examinations. These examinations are designed to

enable the candidate to demonstrate the essential skills and knowledge required to install PV

systems safely, efficiently and robustly. Trainees passing these examinations and meeting all

other PVTRIN certification scheme requirements may be awarded a PVTRIN Installer

certificate.

Appropriate written exam questions and practical examination tasks should be prepared by

training organisations. These should:


� Fully reflect the requirements of the PVTRIN Certification Scheme

� Cover each subject included in the PVTRIN training course

� Require trainees to demonstrate an appropriate and consistent level of

knowledge/skill

Training organisations should have access to a sufficient number of written exam questions to

enable them to vary the content of the written examination from course to course. This is to

reduce the ability of trainees to gain prior knowledge of examination questions

7.4.2. Evaluation and Grading of trainees’ performance

Trainees’ performance should be evaluated during the whole training process including

performance in class, during practical exercises (lab/on site) and as they progress through the

exercises included on the e-learning platform.

After the examination, assessors will mark the examination papers. Marking of the

examinations must be subjected to appropriate quality control procedures which should

include an independent verification of the mark awarded. After marking, the scoring

percentage should be calculated so that this may be compared with the relevant pass criteria

(see below). A PVTRIN written examination assessment sheet is available

7.4.3. Pass Criteria

Candidates shall undergo written examinations based on the material included in the PVTRIN

training course. Certain questions included in these examinations shall be categorised as ‘core’

according to the subject area of the question. Subject areas for which questions shall be

categorised as ‘core’ are listed in Appendix 4.

Candidates are required to achieve a mark of not less than 100% for those questions

categorised as ‘core’, which represent the 50% of the total number of questions of the written

test. For the rest of questions a success rate of 70%, or a percentage agreed by the relevant

National Consultation Committee is required.

7.4.4. Outcomes from the written exam

All pass criteria met

Pass awarded

Feedback given to the candidate regarding any knowledge gaps. For example, several wrong

answers to non-core questions in the same subject area identified by the training

organisation/certification body.

‘Core’ questions criteria not met, other questions criteria met or ‘Core’ questions

criteria met, non-core questions criteria not met

Re-sit 'core’ or, non-core’ part of written exam as appropriate. Feedback given to the

candidate regarding any knowledge gaps.


No pass criteria met

Candidate should re-sit entire examination

Training organisation/certification body may consider requiring candidate to re-take the entire

PVTRIN course

7.4.5. Practical Examination

Candidates should also undergo a practical examination of their competency to install, test,

commission and troubleshoot PV systems according to the requirements of PVTRIN. The

activities that should be included in the practical examination are listed in Appendix 3

(Practical Assessment Syllabus).

For an assessment ‘pass’, all tasks included in the practical examination must be successfully

completed. In the event that all or part of a task is not correctly completed, the error will be

pointed out by the assessor and the candidate may have one further attempt at correct

completion. A second failed attempt will result in failure of the practical assessment.

In order to pass, the candidate is allowed no more than 3 second attempts over the whole

practical assessment.

8. References for the PVTRIN Trainers For further information about the PVTRIN Training Methodology and the course syllabus, as a

part of the trainer’s training, refer to the following deliverables of the PVTRIN project

� Training Methodology – PVTRIN course Curriculum (D2.10.)

� PV installers task analysis and defined professional framework (D2.9)

For appropriate training material and useful documents, both for trainers and trainees, see the

following:

� PVTRIN Handbook for Solar Installer (D3.2)

� PVTRIN Trainers Worksheet (D3.2.b)

� Troubleshooting guide for PV installers (D3.4)

� Checklist and practical tips on PV/BIPV installation (D3.5)

� Catalogue of common installation failures and improper practices on PV installations

and maintenance (D2.6)

� Installing Photovoltaics-Publication with practical aspects for installers (D6.6)

� Trainers Presentations and course notes (D4.2)

PVTRIN trainers may find a significant support for the training and the motitoring of the

trainees through the PVTRIN e-learning platform. To learn how to use this tool refer to the:


PVTRIN e-learning platform Users Manual- Trainers/Supervisors (D3.7.c)

For further information and assistance as regards the Certification Scheme requirements and

the assessment process may be search to the:

� List of the PVTRIN Scheme requirements (D5.2)

� PVTRIN practical assessment guide for assessors (D5.5)

� Guide for PVTRIN training providers (D5.6)

� Assessment forms (D5.7)

Besides the above, trainers may find a great list of resources in the PVTRIN Installers handbook

(D2.3) and in the PVTRIN e-learning platform, including useful references which could help

them to deliver the training covering all aspects of the knowledge and skills items which the

trainee should obtain during the PVTRIN training. These include:

� National legislation and administrative framework, as well as the applicable

Standards and codes, as regards PV system installation in each country

� Books

� Websites - On line libraries

� Databases

� Appropriate software


Appendix 1. Syllabus and Learning outcomes table

MODULE 1. BASICSMODULE 1. BASICSMODULE 1. BASICSMODULE 1. BASICS

Training method (hours): Class (4), eClass (4), eClass (4), eClass (4), e----learning/self study (6)learning/self study (6)learning/self study (6)learning/self study (6)

LEARNING UNITSLEARNING UNITSLEARNING UNITSLEARNING UNITS LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES

Knowledge of…..Knowledge of…..Knowledge of…..Knowledge of…..

SKILLSSKILLSSKILLSSKILLS

To be able to…To be able to…To be able to…To be able to…

COMPETENCESCOMPETENCESCOMPETENCESCOMPETENCES

To be competent at….To be competent at….To be competent at….To be competent at….

1.5 Solar energy

the role of the sun as an energy source; solar radiation; direct and diffuse radiation; solar altitude and spectrum; ground reflection; measurement of the solar radiation; solar potential.

- calculate the monthly and annual solar potential considering orientation and geography

- making the main calculations at advising customers

- being familiar with solar calculations

1.6 PV technologies the photovoltaic effect and how solar cells work; crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, thin-film, CdTe, CIS; concentrating systems; 3rd generation; comparison of solar cell types and trends

- understand the main aspects of the photovoltaic phenomenon, the available collector types

- compare the available solar cell types

- being aware in brief of the way of the solar electricity production

- suggesting the appropriate collector system to the customer

1.3 PV system

cells, modules and other system components: inverters, batteries, controllers, cables and wires, distribution boxes, electricity meter, net-metering, etc.

- understand the main aspects of the cells, inverters and the associated components

- comprehend the role of the various components in the PV system

- being aware of the main components of the PV system

- selecting the optimum solution and suggesting it to the customer

1.4 Types of PV systems/ applications

grid connected, stand alone, hybrid – residential, industrial

- comprehend the main differences amongst the various types of PV systems, as concerns the connection and the scale

- being aware of the main type of PV systems

- selecting the appropriate connection needs


environmental, economic, grid efficiency, energy adequacy, employment etc.

- understand the main benefits of the PV technology

- being aware of the main environmental, energy and economical benefits of the PV technology

- promoting these benefits to the potential clients creating positive professional clima


MODULE MODULE MODULE MODULE 2. DESIGN PRINCIPLES2. DESIGN PRINCIPLES2. DESIGN PRINCIPLES2. DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Training method (hours):Training method (hours):Training method (hours):Training method (hours): Class (9) Class (9) Class (9) Class (9) ---- Lab(3) Lab(3) Lab(3) Lab(3) ---- elearning /self study (24)elearning /self study (24)elearning /self study (24)elearning /self study (24)


KnoKnoKnoKnowledge of…..wledge of…..wledge of…..wledge of…..





2.6. Site Survey

on site survey and customer needs: local radiation, climate conditions, wind exposure, shading analysis, array orientation, angle definition; roof/wall structure, mounting methods, hazard assessment, energy expectations, profitability, critical loads, legal aspects, aesthetics etc.

- identify typical tools and equipment required for conducting site surveys for PV installations, and demonstrate proficiency in their use

- establish suitable location with proper orientation, sufficient area, adequate solar access taking account of present and future over-shading issues, and structural integrity for installing PV array

- establish suitable locations, minimizing cable runs, for installing inverters, control, batteries, and other balance-of-system components

- establish and illustrate possible layouts and locations for array and equipment, including existing building or site features

- obtain and interpret solar radiation and temperature data, as well as potential wind and snow loads, for site for purposes of establishing performance expectations and use in electrical system calculations

- identify opportunities for the use of energy efficient equipment/ appliances, conservation and energy management practices

- quantifying the customer electrical load and energy use (e.g., through review of utility bills, meter readings, measurements, and/or customer interview)

- being competent at advising the clients according to their actual needs

- selecting the best system and way of implementation


decision on system components, sizing the PV array, the electrical installation and storage, dimensioning of backup systems, sizing the PV generator, inverter, wiring and power connection

DC system, PV array design, cable sizing, plug and socket connectors, junction box, string fuses, blocking diodes, DC switch

earthing, lightning and surge protection

AC system, AC cabling, switch-disconnector

performance calculations and electrical diagrams.

- estimate and/or measure the peak load demand and average daily energy use for all loads directly connected to inverter-battery systems for purposes of sizing equipment, as applicable

- determine requirements for installing additional subpanels and interfacing PV system with electrical supply network and/or other generation sources as applicable

- determine the design currents and voltages for any part of a PV system electrical circuit

- determine the capacity of system conductors, and select appropriate sizes based on design currents, voltages and

- being able to make decisions on the size and design of the system

- being able to determine appropriate size, ratings, and locations for earthing, surge suppression, lightning protection and associated equipment

- being able to identify appropriate module/array layout, orientation, and mounting method for ease of installation, electrical configuration and maintenance


safety factors

- determine appropriate size, ratings, and locations for all system overcurrent and protection devices

- deetermine appropriate size, ratings, and locations for earthing, surge suppression, lightning protection and associated equipment

- determine voltage drop for any electrical circuit based on size and length of conductors

- verify that the array operating voltage range is within acceptable operating limits for power conditioning equipment, including inverters and controllers

- identify the best utility interconnection point, and determine the size, ratings, and locations for overcurrent and protection devices

- identify a mechanical design, equipment (including fixings and mounting brackets) to be used and installation plan that is consistent with the environmental, architectural, structural, code requirements, and other conditions of the site

- identify appropriate module/array layout, orientation, and mounting method for ease of installation, electrical configuration and maintenance at the site

2.8. Simulation Software description, examples, comparison, web based simulation solutions, supplementary software and data sources

- to calculate the main parameters for the sizing and the optimum operation of the PV system

- making all necessary calculations


economic assessment (operating expenses, energy payback, IRR)

environmental impact (C02 emissions, recycling of PV components, battery management)

- to assess the economic and environmental performance of the system

- initiating projects according to the real needs, priorities and economics of the client

2.5.Standards and regulations (EU /national)

relevant EU and national laws, tariff structure, FIT, subsidies, licensing and planning regulations, quality standards

- to know how to take into account the current legal and regulatory framework

- presenting and communicating to the potential customers and legal bodies in the most appropriate and understandable way

- reacting and solving potential problems

- being aware of the importance of calculations and actions

- developing the necessary self-efficiency on the issues of the module 2


MODULE MODULE MODULE MODULE 3. BAPV AND BIPV3. BAPV AND BIPV3. BAPV AND BIPV3. BAPV AND BIPV

Training method (hours): Class (4), e-learning/self study (8)







3.6 Mounting and building integrating options

definition of BAPV and BIPV; aspects of Building integration and aesthetics

- make the appropriate actions for the mounting, as well as integrating of the system in the building

- being able to mount and integrate the PV system in the building

3.7 Roof basics roofs -roofs tasks, shapes, basic constructions- on-roof / in-roof systems –sloping/flat roof

- understand the main tasks for the building roof as concerns the PV integration

- being able to integrate in the roof the PV systems

3.8 Façade basics facade types structures and construction methods, fastening/joints, mounting modules on existing facades, facades with integrated modules

- understand the main tasks for the building’s façade as concerns the PV integration possibility

- being able to integrate the PV system in the façade

3.9 Glass roofs and others glass roofs, atria and canopies, shading systems

- understand the main tasks for the glass roofs and other typical building components for PV integration

- being able to integrate the PV taking into account the glass roof and other important building parameters for the integration

3.10 Design parameters and performance factors

tilt and orientation, shade structure (overshadowing, partial shading), connection concepts, temperature effect and ventilation etc

- understand the critical design parameters affecting the BIPV and BAPV

- being able to make the appropriate actions and decisions as concerns critical design parameters of the building

3.11 Examples in the residential sector

- see examples linked to the module 3 - developing the necessary self-efficiency on the issues of the module 3


MODULE MODULE MODULE MODULE 4. INSTALLATION 4. INSTALLATION 4. INSTALLATION 4. INSTALLATION ---- SITEWORKSITEWORKSITEWORKSITEWORK

Training method (hours): Class (10), Lab (2), e-learning /self study (30)






To be competeTo be competeTo be competeTo be competent at….nt at….nt at….nt at….


safe working practices, potential hazards, safety with electrical installations (DC voltage), security provisions for works at height (roof and façades), safety equipment, fire protection

- identify and assess any site-specific safety hazards or other issues associated with installation of system

- maintain safe working practices

- demonstrate safe and proper use of required tools and equipment

- demonstrate safe and accepted practices for personnel protection

- demonstrate awareness of safety hazards and how to avoid them (specific for the electrical installations)

- identify and implement appropriate codes and standards concerning installation, operation, and maintenance of PV systems and equipment

- identify and implement appropriate codes and standards concerning worker and public safety

- being responsible that the work is carried out according to the safety plans

- making the working team follow the safety regulations

4.2. Installation plan

work sequences, technical drawings, technical documentation, tools and equipment, safety plan

- utilise drawings, schematics, instructions and recommended procedures in installing equipment

- implement all applicable personnel safety and environmental protection measures

- visually inspect and quick-test PV modules

- assemble modules, panels, and support structures as specified by module manufacturer or design/structural engineer.

- select material, tools, suppliers and other technical resources

- taking responsibility for the planning of the involved working team

- taking decisions concerning the procurement of materials/components and delivery

- defining the proper working methods

- being proactive in the required procedures


mitigate electrical hazards, install grounding system, conduit, electrical components, circuit conductors, system instrumentation, battery components, etc

- install module array interconnect wiring; implement measures to disable array during installation

- label, install, and terminate electrical wiring; verify proper connections, voltages, and phase/polarity

- use appropriate and correctly labelled DC junction boxes and isolation switches

- verify continuity and measure impedance of earthing system

o program, adjust, and/or configure inverters-controls for

- being competent at implementing all necessary electrical actions for PV installation


desired set points and operating modes

4.4. Mechanical components installation

install equipment base, mounting system, PV modules

- complete final assembly, structural attachment, and weather sealing of array to building or other support mechanism

- being competent at implementing all necessary mechanical actions for PV installation


- understand the critical parameters for the grid-connected PV systems

- being able to make the appropriate decisions and solutions for grid-connected systems

4.6. Stand-alone PV Systems

- understand the critical parameters for the stand-alone PV systems

- being able to make the appropriate decisions and solutions for stand-alone systems

4.7. Mounting systems and building integration

- understand the critical parameters for the mounting and integration of PV systems

- being able to make the appropriate decisions and solutions

4.8. Completing the PV installation

testing, commissioning, documentation to the customer

- comprehend the last stages required on site and documented

- testing, commissioning and documenting the PV system

- seeing the linkages in the system and think and act in a holistic way

- working honesty and accuracy and to declare any mistakes and unexpected problems which can compromise

- the functionality and efficiency of the system

4.9. Installation checklist

- recognize, in brief, all parameters of the installed systems - being able to check and to present all PV installation parameters


MOMOMOMODULE DULE DULE DULE 5. 5. 5. 5. CASE STUDIES CASE STUDIES CASE STUDIES CASE STUDIES –––– BEST PRACTICESBEST PRACTICESBEST PRACTICESBEST PRACTICES

Training method (hours): Class (3), e-learning / self study (8)







5.15.15.15.1. Case studies – Best Practices

- -see examples linked to the modules 1-5 - developing the necessary self-efficiency on the issues of the modules 1-5

MODULE MODULE MODULE MODULE 6. 6. 6. 6. EXAMPLE INSTALLATION OF A SMALL SCALE PV ON BUILDINGEXAMPLE INSTALLATION OF A SMALL SCALE PV ON BUILDINGEXAMPLE INSTALLATION OF A SMALL SCALE PV ON BUILDINGEXAMPLE INSTALLATION OF A SMALL SCALE PV ON BUILDING

Training method (hours):Training method (hours):Training method (hours):Training method (hours): Class (3), Lab (7), elearning Class (3), Lab (7), elearning Class (3), Lab (7), elearning Class (3), Lab (7), elearning ----self study (15)self study (15)self study (15)self study (15)

LEARNING LEARNING LEARNING LEARNING UNITSUNITSUNITSUNITS LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES






6.1. Step by step practical guide

development of a PV project supported by appropriate software: design, performance analysis, installation project planning, safety plan of a small scale PV installation

- use the proper techniques to install all the equipment according to the state-of-the-art

- be able to choose and use the personal safety equipment and methods to prevent and minimize risks

- assess the efficiency and test the system

- working accuracy and declaring any mistakes and unexpected problems, which can compromise the functionality and efficiency of the system

- being in charge for the own physical and psychological conditions for undertaking

- the practical execution

- maintaining a high quality and helping colleagues to meet the required standards


MODULE MODULE MODULE MODULE 7. 7. 7. 7. MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTINGMAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTINGMAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTINGMAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING Training method (hours): Class (4), e-learning /self study (12)







7.6. Maintenance plan

periodical inspection, array maintenance, battery/ inverter and charge controller maintenance, maintenance tools and equipment, dirt accumulation, electrical connections check, other damages.

- analyse the technical documentation/manuals of PV installations, determining actions and resources required for the maintenance process

- design a typical periodical maintenance plan for this type of plant and select the appropriate required tools

- analyse the past production report and – potential -fault reports

- taking responsibility for the planning

- identifying tools and equipment required for maintaining and troubleshooting PV systems; demonstrate proficiency in their use

- identifying maintenance needs and implement service procedures for modules, arrays, batteries, power conditioning equipment, safety systems, structural and weather sealing systems, and balance of systems equipment

7.2. Typical mistakes and failures

corrective measures and troubleshooting

- know about typical mistakes/failures and the use of the typical maintenance and corrective

- apply techniques of the PV system

- having a “problem solving- attitude”

- identifying performance and safety issues, and implement corrective measures

- verifying and demonstratimg complete functionality and performance of system, including start-up, shut-down, normal operation, and emergency/bypass operation

7.7. Diagnostic procedures

visual inspection procedures, analysis of the monitoring system data, performance monitoring.

- use the proper measurement techniques

- make the tests of the performance of the PV system

- analyse the performance and define the problems of the PV-system

- visually inspect entire installation, identifying and resolving any deficiencies in materials or workmanship particularly mounting systems, ventilation, cable runs and connections/junction boxes

- check system mechanical installation for structural integrity and weather sealing

- check electrical installation for proper wiring practice, polarity, earthing, and integrity of terminations according to appropriate regulations

- Activate system and verify overall system functionality and performance; compare with expectations

- taking the right measures (information, communication, influence-taking, etc.) for a successful maintenance process

- measuring system performance and operating parameters; compare with specifications and expectations, and assess operating condition of system and equipment

- performing diagnostic procedures and interpret results


- Demonstrate procedures for connecting and disconnecting the system and equipment from all sources

7.8. Documentation to the customer

- understand the documentation and technical standards

- Identify what documentation is required to be provided to the PV system owner/operator by the installer.

- be able to write an O&M manual according to the minimum requirements

- be able to document the work performance

- be able to make suggestions and recommendations for the further optimum management of the system

- compiling and maintaining records of system operation, performance, and maintenance

- having the ability to focus the important points for the manual

- working honesty and accuracy in the documentation process

- taking the responsibility to give all the necessary information to manage and maintain the plant in a good way


- Identify and verify all required markings and labels for the system and equipment

- being able to check and to present all PV maintenance parameters

MODULE MODULE MODULE MODULE 8. 8. 8. 8. QUALITY MANAGEMENTQUALITY MANAGEMENTQUALITY MANAGEMENTQUALITY MANAGEMENT AND CUSTOMER CAREAND CUSTOMER CAREAND CUSTOMER CAREAND CUSTOMER CARE

Training method (hours): Class (3), eClass (3), eClass (3), eClass (3), e----learning /self study (6)learning /self study (6)learning /self study (6)learning /self study (6)







8.4. Quality principles quality management principles, efficiency and functional controls, quality assurance and in the construction of PV systems

- understand all quality parameters of the installed system - implementing all necessary actions according to quality standards

8.5. EU standards for PV - recognize and understand all EU standards associated to

the system - implementing all necessary actions according to the

EU standards

8.6. Customer care pre-sales activities, contracts, completing the work: delivery/final testing/ handover, after sales: warranties/service and repairs/ complaints handling.

- understand the content and the way of all necessary customer care activities

- implementing all necessary actions to keep the proper customer care


Appendix 2. Suggested Training Delivery Plan table

WEEK 1 WEEK 1 WEEK 1 WEEK 1 ---- DAY 1: 6hrs (class: 6DAY 1: 6hrs (class: 6DAY 1: 6hrs (class: 6DAY 1: 6hrs (class: 6hrs/360min)hrs/360min)hrs/360min)hrs/360min)

hours/minutes Learning Unit Key Learning Points Delivery method Training materials/ tools

Other resources required

Assessment event

MO

DU

LE 1

. SO

LAR

BAS

ICS

(cla

ss 4

hrs/

240

min

, sel

f-st

udy

6hr

s/3

60

min

)

Class:Class:Class:Class: 45min (0,75hr)

SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study: Study: Study: Study: 60min (1hr)

1.7 Solar energy

Solar radiation; direct and diffuse radiation; calculations; solar potential

Lecture Online

Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform

Computer

Projector Internet

NO


SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 60min (1hr) 1.8 PV technologies

PV effect, types of PV modules comparison of solar cell types , market trends

Lecture Demonstration

Handbook Tutors presentations PV samples e-learning platform videos

Computer

Projector

NO


SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 120min(2hr) 1.3 PV system

Modules and BOS (inverters, batteries, controllers, distribution boxes, meters) description

Lecture


Computer

Projector NO


SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 60min (1hr)

1.4 Types of PV systems/ applications

Grid connected/ stand-alone systems, residential, industrial

Lecture

Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform video

Computer

Projector

NO

Class:Class:Class:Class: 30min (0,5hrs)



Environmental and economic benefits Lecture


Computer

Projector

NO

MO

DU

LE 2

. DES

IGN

PR

INC

IPLE

S (c

lass

9h

rs/5

40m

in, l

ab: 3

hrs,

180

min

, sel

f-st

udy

24

hrs/

14

40

min

)

Class:Class:Class:Class: 120min (2hrs)

SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 240min (4hrs) 2.1. Site Survey

Climate conditions, shading analysis, array orientation, angle definition; roof/wall structure, mounting methods

Lecture Group exercises


Computer

Projector Prepared activity Worksheets Calculator, pen, paper

YES

WEEK 1 WEEK 1 WEEK 1 WEEK 1 ---- DAY 2 : 7,5 hrs (DAY 2 : 7,5 hrs (DAY 2 : 7,5 hrs (DAY 2 : 7,5 hrs (class 4,5 hrs/270min, lab: 3hrs, 180min)class 4,5 hrs/270min, lab: 3hrs, 180min)class 4,5 hrs/270min, lab: 3hrs, 180min)class 4,5 hrs/270min, lab: 3hrs, 180min)


SelfSelfSelfSelf----StStStStudy:udy:udy:udy: 480min (8hrs)


Sizing the PV array, sizing BOS, performance calculations and electrical diagrams. Examples

Lecture Group exercises Case Studies analysis

Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform Simulations

Computer


YES


Lab: Lab: Lab: Lab: 3 hrs)(180min)

SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study: Study: Study: Study: 7hrs (420min)

2.3. Simulation Software

Simulation description, examples

Lecture Online Group exercises Demonstration lab practice

Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform Simulations

Computer

Internet Projector Prepared activity Worksheets

YES


Case Studies analysis Calculator, pen, paper

WEEK 2 WEEK 2 WEEK 2 WEEK 2 ---- DAY 3: 6,5 hrs (DAY 3: 6,5 hrs (DAY 3: 6,5 hrs (DAY 3: 6,5 hrs (class 6,5 hrs/390min)class 6,5 hrs/390min)class 6,5 hrs/390min)class 6,5 hrs/390min)

hours/minutes Learning Unit Key Learning Points Delivery method Training materials/ tools Other resources

required

Assessment event

Class:Class:Class:Class: 90min (1,5hrs)

SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 180min (3hrs)


Energy payback, IRR, environmental impact

Lecture Online Group exercises Case Studies analysis


Computer

Projector Internet Prepared activity Worksheets Calculator, pen, paper

YES

Class:Class:Class:Class: 60min (1 hr)


2.5.Standards and regulations (EU/national)

Relevant laws, FITs, subsidies, planning regulations

Lecture Workshop


Computer

Projector NO

MO

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LE 3

. BA

PV

AN

D B

IPV

(cla

ss 4

hrs/

240

min

, sel

f-st

udy

8hr

s/4

80

min

)



3.1 Mounting and building integrating options

BAPV and BIPV examples Lecture Case Studies analysis

Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform videos

Computer

Projector

NO

Class:Class:Class:Class: 30min (0,5)


3.2 Roof basics

Modules on flat /pitched roofs , problems, solutions

Lecture Case Studies analysis


Computer

Projector

NO

Class:Class:Class:Class: 300min( 0,5hr)


3.3 Façade basics

Structures and construction methods, fastening/joints, mounting modules on existing facades

Lecture

Case Studies analysis


Computer

Projector

NO

Class:Class:Class:Class: 30min (0,5 hr)


3.4 Glass roofs and others

Glass roofs, atria and canopies, shading systems



Computer

Projector

NO



3.5 Design parameters and performance factors

Tilt and orientation, shading structures, construction requirements


Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform Simulation S/W videos

Computer

Projector

YES

Class:Class:Class:Class: 30min(0,5 hr) SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 60min (1hrs)

3.6 Examples in the residential sector

Typical examples and best practice of PV integration


Handbook e-learning platform videos

Computer

Projector NO


WEEK 2 WEEK 2 WEEK 2 WEEK 2 ---- DAY 4 : 7 hrs (DAY 4 : 7 hrs (DAY 4 : 7 hrs (DAY 4 : 7 hrs (class 6 hrs/360min, lab: 1hr/ 60min)class 6 hrs/360min, lab: 1hr/ 60min)class 6 hrs/360min, lab: 1hr/ 60min)class 6 hrs/360min, lab: 1hr/ 60min)

hours/minutes Learning Unit Key Learning Points Delivery method Training materials/ tools

Other resources required

Assessment event

MO

DU

LE 4

. IN

STA

LLA

TIO

N –

SIT

EWO

RK

(cla

ss

10hr

s/60

0m

in, l

ab: 2

hrs,

12

0min

, sel

f-st

udy

30

hrs/

18

00

min

)

Class:Class:Class:Class: 120min (2hr)

SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study: Study: Study: Study: 240min (4hrs)


Safe working practices, potential hazards, safety equipment

Lecture Online


Computer

Projector Prepared activity Worksheets

YES



4.2. Installation plan Technical drawings and documentation, equipment, safety plan



Computer


YES


Lab: Lab: Lab: Lab: 60min (1 hr)



Grounding system, , electrical components, system instrumentation,

Lecture Group exercises Demonstration lab practice

Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform Simulations videos

Computer

Projector Demo PV for training Prepared activity Worksheets Calculator, pen, paper

YES



4.4. Mechanical components installation

Install equipment base, mounting system, PV modules

Lecture Group exercises lab practice


Computer

Projector Demo PV for training Prepared activity Worksheets Calculator, pen, paper

YES


WEEK 3 WEEK 3 WEEK 3 WEEK 3 ---- DAY 5: 7,5 hrs (DAY 5: 7,5 hrs (DAY 5: 7,5 hrs (DAY 5: 7,5 hrs (class 5,5 hrs/330min, lab: 2hrs, 120min)class 5,5 hrs/330min, lab: 2hrs, 120min)class 5,5 hrs/330min, lab: 2hrs, 120min)class 5,5 hrs/330min, lab: 2hrs, 120min)


required

Assessment event




Installation topology, relevant regulations



Computer

Projector Prepared activity Worksheets, Prepared activity Calculator, pen, paper

NO



SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study: Study: Study: Study: 300min (5hrs)

4.6. Stand-alone PV Systems

Devices, typical consumption, batteries



Computer

Projector Demo PV for training Worksheets, Prepared activity Calculator, pen, paper

YES


SeSeSeSelflflflf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 180min (3hrs)

4.7. Mounting systems and building integration

Types of mounting, different integration methods

Lecture Online Case Studies analysis Webinar


Computer

Projector Internet

YES



4.8. Completing the PV Installation

Testing, commissioning, field test procedure, advising the customer, documentation to the customer



Computer

Projector Internet Worksheets Calculator, pen, paper

YES


SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 60min (1hr) 4.9. Installation checklist Parameters needed to verified Lecture

Case Studies analysis

Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform Checklists

Computer Projector

YES

MO

DU

LE5

:MA

INTE

NA

NC

E A

ND

TR

OU

BLE

SH

OO

TIN

G(c

lass


SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 60min (1hr) 5.1. Maintenance plan

Periodical inspection points, panels and BOS maintenance


Handbook Tutors presentations Reading e-learning platform

Computer

Projector NO




5.2. Typical mistakes and Failures

Corrective measures and troubleshooting

Lecture Demonstration lab practice Case Studies analysis

Handbook Tutors presentations Reading e-learning platform

Computer

Projector Demo PV for training Worksheets, Prepared activity

YES


WEEK 3 WEEK 3 WEEK 3 WEEK 3 ---- DAY 6: 7,5 hrs (DAY 6: 7,5 hrs (DAY 6: 7,5 hrs (DAY 6: 7,5 hrs (class 6,5hrs/390min, lab: 1hr,/60min)class 6,5hrs/390min, lab: 1hr,/60min)class 6,5hrs/390min, lab: 1hr,/60min)class 6,5hrs/390min, lab: 1hr,/60min)


required

Assessment event




5.3. Diagnostic Procedures

Visual inspection procedures, analysis of the monitoring system data, performance monitoring



Computer


NO


SSSSelfelfelfelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 60min (1hr)

5.4. Documentation to the Customer

Technical standards, O&M manual Lecture Case Studies analysis

Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform Templates

Computer

Projector NO




Critical points of the maintenance checklist Lecture Case Studies analysis

Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform Checklists

Computer

Projector YES

MO

DU

LE 6

: C

AS

E S

TUD

IES

–

BES

T P

RA

CTI

CES


SelfSelfSelfSelf----Study:Study:Study:Study: 840min

(14hr)

6.1. Case studies – Best Practices

Presentation of small-scale PV systems that employ different technologies

Lecture Online Group exercises Case Studies analysis Webinar


Computer

Projector Internet

NO

MO

DU

LE 7

. EX

AM

PLE

IN

STA

LLA

TIO

N



7.1. Step by step practical Guide (PART A)

PV project development example


Handbook Tutors presentations e-learning platform Simulation S/W

Computer


YES


Appendix 3 Activities to be included in the PVTRIN practical

examination

Risk assessment

Appropriate local and national Health & Safety regulations must be implemented. These must

include an assessment of the work area and identification and removal or protection against

hazards, assessment of tools, rigs and equipment for appropriateness and condition, and

isolation of existing electricity supplies. The risk assessment must be performed by someone

trained and competent to do so and must also comply with the requirements of the training

centre.

The following practical aspects of PV installation, commissioning and hand-over will be

assessed during the practical assessment:

1. Site Survey

Note that although site surveys are sometimes carried out by a trained surveyor, the installer

candidate must also demonstrate the ability to assess and record the site information in order

to demonstrate an understanding of the information normally communicated to him or her

before the installation begins. In some cases, the survey is carried out by the installer.

Using the training roof, existing electrical installation and a suitable form, has the candidate

recorded the following information?

1.1 Ground and roof access requirements, including appropriate scaffolding/platforms, etc

1.2 Roof Orientation

1.3 Roof dimensions

1.4 Shading regime - use of a shading survey tool or estimation method is required, as per

classroom training

1.5 Roof Structure

1.5.1 Assessment of mounting points on, and condition of, existing roof timbers

1.5.2 Information required to make wind loading calculations (local wind speeds)

1.5.3 Assessment of requirement for counter-battening

1.6 Assessment of lightning protection requirement

1.7 Cable routes

1.8 Inverter location

1.9 Condition & suitability of existing electrics, including earthing system


2. Installation of PV panels

The installation work assumes that a site survey form or notes have been produced, and that

appropriate system design documents are provided which match the training roof(s) and the

type and quantity of available equipment.

Candidates should work in pairs, or teams of 3 for each exercise shown below.

Mechanical mounting & levelling of modules (access platforms may be previously erected)

2.1 Check that the candidates have confirmed the number and locations of mounting

points according to the system design notes.

2.2 Have the candidates identified the correct screw sizes for the roof timber width?

(Note: if the assessment is taking place outside of the installers’ normal working

locality, assessors may need to acquaint installers with the local/national building

codes/regulations).

2.3 If included in the design documentation and fitted to the training rig, confirm that the

candidates have an understanding of the use and function of counter-battening.

(Note: courses for roofers should include the fitting of counter-battening)

2.4 Assess the attachment of roof hooks or other mounting brackets to roof structure:

2.4.1 Are the mountings secure, with no damage to roof timbers?

2.4.2 Has a weathertight roof seal been maintained?

2.4.3 Is there any damage to the roof surface?

2.4.4 Are the mountings neat and in-line?

2.5 Assess the attachment of mounting rails to mounting brackets/roof hooks:

2.5.1 Are the mounting rails securely fastened?

2.5.2 Are they aligned?

2.5.3 Are they of the correct length and correctly positioned for the array?

2.6 Assess the attachment of module mounting clamps:

2.6.1 Have the correct number and type of mounting clamps been used, according to

the given design?

2.7 Mounting of PV modules:

2.7.1 Have the correct type and number of modules been mounted, according to the

given design?

2.7.2 Have they been securely mounted?

2.7.3 Are the modules neat and in-line?


3. DC wiring

3.1 DC string connections

3.1.1 SAFETY NOTE: BEFORE ARRAY DC CONNECTIONS ARE MADE, check that the DC

cable ends are protected so as to prevent accidental touching by any person. The

use of touch-proof connectors is strongly recommended for all DC connections.

Check the candidates’ knowledge and appreciation of the importance of this

point.

3.1.2 If DC cables have been assembled by candidates, check that the correct crimp

tool was used (if appropriate), and that it was used correctly

3.1.3 Check that the module interconnections have been made according to the design

schematic

3.1.4 Assess the security and neatness of all DC electrical connections (any loose

connections constitute a fire risk, and so are a serious flaw)

3.1.5 Check that DC cables are securely and neatly clipped to the array framework,

with no contact with rough surfaces or sharp edges

3.1.6 Check that the entry of main DC cables into the roof space is weathertight

3.2 In-situ string tests:

Using appropriate meters, check that the candidates have recorded:

3.2.1 The solar radiation level (or artificial lighting, if indoors)

3.2.2 The open circuit voltage of each string1

3.2.3 The short circuit current of each string – use an appropriately rated DC switch to

apply the short1

3.2.4 Introduce a ‘string fault’ by separating a module connector (ensure the system is

not under load when doing this). Check that the candidates correctly identify and

rectify the fault

3.3 Connection & labelling of DC Isolator(s):

Safety Note: If touch-proof connectors have not been used for connection to DC isolators,

live working techniques must be adopted

3.3.1 Check that connections from the array to the DC isolator(s) have been made

safely, securely and neatly, including tightening of any glands

1 This may be the whole array, if the design document calls for one string only


3.3.2 Check that the DC connections from the DC isolator to the inverter have been

made safely, securely and neatly

3.3.3 If provided, check that appropriate trunking has been used. If not provided, use

verbal questioning to check the candidate’s understanding of when trunking is

appropriate

3.3.4 Check that the correct warning label has been selected and mounted near to the

DC isolator, according to local/national regulations or good practice

4. AC Connections

SAFETY NOTE: Only persons qualified to do so may perform work on the AC

connections

4.1 Check AC generation meter has been correctly and safely wired to the inverter

4.2 Check that the inverter has been correctly connected to the local grid or other point

provided by the training facility via a suitable AC isolator

4.3 Check that appropriate AC safety devices have been installed (typically over-current

and residual current breaker) according to the array design and local/national

electrical regulations

4.4 Ensure that the correct warning label has been selected and mounted near to the

inverter, AC isolator and connection point, according to local/national regulations or

good practice

4.5 Ensure that earthing/grounding connections have been made according to

local/national regulations. Candidate must be able to explain the earthing rationale.

4.6 Optional: Check that an appropriate system display panel / web connection to the

inverter has been made

5. Commissioning

Candidates must demonstrate to the assessor the following commissioning activities:

5.1 AC tests:

With the DC circuit isolated and using appropriate meters, check that:

5.1.1 Normal AC tests are carried out, according to local/national regulations

5.2 DC array tests:

With the AC circuit isolated, and using appropriate meters, check that the candidates have:

5.2.1 Measured and recorded the out-door solar radiation level (or artificial lighting

level, if indoors)

5.2.2 Measured and recorded the open circuit voltage of the array (Vos)


5.2.3 Measured and recorded the short circuit current of the array (Isc) – use an

appropriately rated DC switch to apply the short

5.2.4 Identified the approximate Vos and Isc points on the V-I curve for the array for

the measured radiation level, and that this tallies with the measured Voc and Isc

values

5.3 Check that candidates can demonstrate the correct power-up sequence of the system

5.4 Check that candidates can demonstrate the correct functioning of the inverter and

any user display, according to the manufacturer’s handbook.

5.5 Check the candidate knows how to test the regulatory grid connection and protection

functions within the inverter, demonstrating appropriate grid connection delays

according to local/national regulations, and a knowledge of mains voltage and

frequency limits of the inverter

5.6 Assess the overall system labelling that has been applied by the candidate

5.7 Check that the candidate understands that passing to the system owner the list of

hand-over documents defined in the classroom training, along with a verbal

description of the operation of the system, are the final and essential stage of the

installation.

Fault diagnosis and rectification

The assessor will introduce 1 fault into the PV system (a different fault for each team) and the

candidates shall identify the fault and safely rectify the problem within the allotted time.


Appendix 4 Core Subjects for PVTRIN written examination The following table includes the core subjects for the PVTRIN written examination questions.

The PVTRIN written examination should include 60 questions on the core subjects. The

following list contains more than 60 subjects so that examinations can be prepared from a

selection of questions covering the core subjects. This will ensure that successive examinations

can be prepared using different sets of questions from those previously used.

This list may also be modified by PVTRIN national technical committees according to national

and/or local requirements.

Subject area PVTRIN Installer Handbook

(D3.2_Installer_handbook_EN_final.docx)

Chapter Reference Comments

Basic understanding of a PV system including the

main components and benefits

P5 – 7 (Section 1.2 - components)

P12 – 13 (Section 1.5 - benefits)

Basic understanding of sun paths versus time-of-

day, time-of-year for location

P2 – 5 (Section 1.1)

Basic knowledge of the different PV technologies

and their characteristics

P7 – 10 (Section 1.3)

Basic understanding of the differences between

grid-connected and stand-alone systems

P10 – 12 (Section 1.4)

Capturing the clients wishes

Mounting surface and area to be covered

Preferred inverter / charge controller location

Monitoring equipment

Timescales & installation process

Maximum system cost

P18 – 19 (Section 2.1)

P18 (Section 2.1.)

P18 (Section 2.1.)

P18 (Section 2.1.), P184 (Section 7.3.2)

P195 (Section 8.3.)

P18, P47 (Section 2.1, Section 2.4)




Chapter Reference/ Comments

Property survey

Site Risk Assessment

Access – PV mounting area and inside

Planning issues (conservation areas, historic

buildings, local regulations, etc)

Local grid operator requirements

Mounting surface/Building Regulations:

Usable dimensions, height, orientation

& tilt

Type of covering

Shading analysis, horizon & local objects

Roof or mounting surface design & structural

assessment

Electrical system type & condition

1ph, 3ph

On/off grid

Grid connection point (spare MCB, etc)

Electrical remedial work required

Existing earthing arrangement

Existing metering arrangement

Inverter / charge controller location

Cable routes

Lightning protection

Initial energy yield estimate

Orientation & tilt Table 3 page 23 Section

2.1.4 in handbook is valid for N. Europe

only.

P18 (Section 2.1) P94 Section 4.1

p94 – 95 (Section 4.1. – 4.1.2.)

P18, (Section 2.1) P51 Section 2.5.2

P41 (Section 2.2.9.)

P56 (table 14)

P18 (Section 2.1.) & p23 (Section 2.1.5.)

p70 (Section 3.2.1)


P18 (Section 2.1.) P70 (Section 3.2.1)

Should be picked up during site survey

P18 (Section 2.1.)

P18 (Section 2.1.)

P18 (Section 2.1.)

P18 (Section 2.1.)

P18 (Section 2.1.)

P18 (Section 2.1.)

P18 (Section 2.1.)

P18 , (Section 2.1.) P33 (Section 2.2.7.)

P34 (Section 2.2.6. – 2.2.7.)

P26 (2.1.8.)





System design options and processes Chapter 3

Application selection P68 69 (Section 3.1. – 3.1.2.)

Wind loading P84 (Section 3.5.4. – 3.5.5.)

Mounting system selection

Sloping surfaces

Flat surfaces

Mobile structures

P68 (Section 3.1. – 3.1.2.)



P124 (Section 4.5.2.2.)

Module layout design – sloping roofs and flat

roof spacing

See ‘shading’ p19 (Section 2.1.3.)

System wiring topologies P132 (Section 4.8)

Module connection schemas P109 (Section 4.4.1)

Inverter selection & matching P112 - 114 (Section 4.4.2.)

More accurate energy yield estimate (weather

data)

P19 (Section 2.1.1. – 2.1.2.) P 26 Section

2.1.8

DC component cable ratings,

incl. knowledge of DC at elevated

voltages

P31 – 33 Section 2.2.4

Off-grid system design P36 - 41 (Section 2.2.8. – 2.3.).

Off-grid load requirements P26 (Section 2.17.)

Battery sizing and selection P37 (Section 2.2.8.)

Battery housing design P37 (Section 2.2.8.)

Battery wiring, fusing and switching P40 (Section 2.2.8.)

Charge controller selection P38 (Section 2.8.8.)





Off grid inverters and chargers P40 (Section 2.2.8.)

Integration with other generators P36 - 41 (Section 2.2.8.)

DC & AC load circuits P95 - 97 (Section 4.1.2. – 4.1.3.3.)

Installation Chapter 4 (P94 – 142)

Safe practices P94 (Section 4.1.1.)

Site Risk Assessment P95 (Section 4.1.2.)

Working Plan / Method Statement P102 - 103 (Section 4.2. – 4.2.2.)

Working at height P98 - 100 (Section 4.1.4. – 4.1.5.)

PPE P100 (Section 4.1.5.)

DC at elevated voltage, live working P171 (Section 6.9.7.)

Manual handling P130 (Section 4.8.)

Battery safety P97 (Section 4.1.3.3.)

Handling P115 (Section 4.3.3.)

Connection P117 (Section 4.4.3.2)

Wiring, fusing and switching P121 (Section 4.4.4.)

Installation sequences

Mechanical

Electrical

P103 (Section 4.2.1.)

P122 (Section 4.5.1.)

P105 (Section 4.3.1.)

Earthing (grounding)

PV frame – whether or not to earth

Lightning protection

Inverter & AC side

Figure 91 (P107) Note: requires updating

according to national/local requirements

as the information displayed is intended

for installations in the UK

P33 (Section 2.2.6)+ Fig 91 (p107)


P102 (Section 4.4.2.)





Grid connection P41 (Section 2.2.9) & p51 (Section 2.5.2)

Dealing with local grid operator P41 (Section 2.2.9.) & p51 (Section 2.5.2.)

Circuit connection P41 (Section 2.2.9.) & p51 (Section 2.5.2.)

Protection devices P105 – other references, e.g. to fuses and

over current protection,

throughout manual (Section

4.3.1.)

Tests & Commissioning Table 31 p 187 in accordance with local

wiring regs (Section 7.5.)

Visual inspection P184 (Section 7.3.1.)

DC Array tests Table 24 p 137 (Section 4.9.)

AC tests Table 22 p 134 (Section 4.9.)

Inverter tests According to national and network

operator requirements.

Documentation & Hand-Over

Operating instructions – what should be

included

Maintenance instructions – what should be

included

Design documents

Commissioning documents

Manufacturers’ warrantees

Installer’s warrantees

P186 (Section 7.4.)

P186 (Section 7.4.)

P186 (Section 7.5.)

P186 (Section 7.5.)

P186 (Section 7.4.)

P186 (Section 7.4.)

P186 (Section 7.4.), P196 (Section 8.3.6)

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Scheduled inspections, cleaning &

maintenance

Battery maintenance & fault diagnosis

Electrical connections

Fault diagnosis

Chapter 7

P176 (Section 7.1.1.)

P177 (Section 7.1.3.)

P179 (Section 7.1.8.)

P182 (Section 7.2.3.)


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This Installers handbook was published within the framework of the PVTRIN project, supported by the Intelligent

Energy - Europe (IEE) programme.

The project steering committee members are:

Dr. Theocharis Tsoutsos (ENVENG/TUC, GR), Dr. Eduardo Román (TECNALIA, ES), Dave Richardson (BRE, UK),

Gaetan Masson (EPIA, EU-BE), Goran Granić (EIHP, HR), Christos Maxoulis (ETEK, CY), Ing. Camelia Rata (ABMEE,

RO), Antonis Pittaridakis (TEE, GR) and Violetta Groseva (SEC, BU).

The authors and the whole project consortium are deeply grateful to all those who have contributed with their

work in preparing, writing and reviewing this publication. Furthermore, we would like to express our thanks to the

Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI) for their support.

AUTHORS: Dr. Theocharis Tsoutsos, Ms. Stavroula Tournaki, Mr. Zacharias Gkouskos (ENVENG/TUC), Ms. Ana

Huidobro, Dr. Eduardo Román (TECNALIA), and Dr. John Holden (BRE).

PHOTOGRAPHS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS to Martifer SolarSA; Soitec,; Tecnalia;

A great deal of additional information on the PVTRIN project is available on the web at: www.pvtrin.eu.

We would welcome feedback on this publication, if you have comments or questions please contact the project

coordinator.

Legal Notice: The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the

European Union. Neither the EACI nor European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information

contained therein.

Tecnalia

PVTRIN PARTNERS

C E R T I F I E D I N S T A L L E R

Technical University of CreteEnvironmental Engineering Dpt.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Systems LabPROJECT COORDINATOR

Agency of Brasov for the Management of Energy and Environment

Building Research Establishment Ltd

Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar

European Photovoltaic Industry Association

Scientific and Technical Chamber of Cyprus

Sofia Energy Centre

Tecnalia

Technical Chamber of GreeceBranch of Western Crete

Partner Country Website

Greece

Romania

UK

Croatia

EU/ Belgium

Cyprus

Bulgaria

Spain

Greece

www.resel.tuc.gr

www.abmee.ro

www.bre.co.uk

www.eihp.hr

www.epia.org

www.etek.org.cy

www.sec.bg

www.tecnalia.com

www.teetdk.gr

www.pvtrin.eu

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