A Reality in Bangladesh

Regional Consultation on Resilience

06-08 Feb, 2013

Hotel Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal

Shah Md. Ashraful Amin

Christian Aid-Bangladesh

Presented at the Christian Aid – Regional Consultation on Resilience – South Asia

06-08 Feb 2013, Kathmandu, Nepal

Outline of the Discussion

What are the major consequences?

Why Bangladesh is Vulnerable to CC?

Climate Change (CC) Stressors and their Impacts on BD

Challenges for the vulnerable community

Challenges from CC Perspective

■ Socio-economic and Physical Dimension

Immediate Response

Consequences of CC

� Temperature Rise

– Land Surface Temperature

– Sea Surface Temperature

� Variation in Precipitation

� Sea Level Rise

Majority of the impacts of climate change can be reflected in water. This is:

a. Too much waterb. Too little waterc. Wrong type of waterd. Wrong timing of water

Changes in Means

Changes Potential Impacts

Increase in temperature Reduction of crop yield

Scarcity of water/Drought

Human health, LS, Poultry

Variation in precipitation Increase risk of flooding

Increase risk of water logging

Increase risk of landslide

Increase risk of in-migration due to river bank erosion

SLR Salinity intrusion, Inundation

CC Stressors and Consequences

Changes in ExtremesChanges Potential Impacts

Flood Damage to households in slum and squatter areas

Damage to roads and other infrastructures

Damage to utility services

Spread out of water borne diseases

Drought Severe water scarcity

Heat or cold waves

Short term changes in energy demand

Health stress due to extra heat or cold

Tornado Damage to households in slum and squatter areas

Damage to utility services

Cyclone Wash away everything

CC Stressors and Consequences

Changes in Exposure

Changes Potential Impacts

Population Movements

People are exposed to hazards

Biological changes Increase of vector borne diseases;High rate of malaria, dengue, typhoid

CC Stressors and Consequences

CC

Sig

nal

Time

Base line

The cumulative effect of baseline shift and accentuation of extreme

CC

Sig

nal

Time

Base line

Accentuation of extremes

Cont.

Temp Rise

Temp Rise

Changes in rainfall

Increasing frequency of

extreme eventsDecades No. of events

Flood Cyclone Tornado Drought

80s 1 7 2 3

90s 3 4 1 3

00s 9 7 6 1

01s 6 1 5 0

Total 19 19 14 7

WHY BANGLADESH IS VULNERABLE??

The Bengal Delta is the product of complex hydrological and sedimentation processes of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna

(GBM) river systems

Sea Level Rise

The IPCC 3rd Assessment report estimated that the global rise in sea level from 1990 to 2100 would be between 9 and 88 cm

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Year 2030 Year 2050 Year 2100

Year

SL

R (

cm

)

TAR/ NAPA SMRC

SLR trend in Bangladesh

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Hiron Point Char Changa Cox’s Bazar

Station

mm

/ yr

SMRC 2010

Sea Level Rise

SLR and Mangrove Forest

Source: Kibria, G. 2012

Cyclone

Erratic Rainfall

Flood

Flood 2004

River Bank Erosion

EXISTING DROUGHTB SITUATION,

AND DROUGHT SITUATION IN THE YEARS 2030 & 2075

EXISTING DROUGHT

DROUGHT CLASSES

Very Severe Drought

Severe Drought

Moderate Drought

Less Moderate Drought

Slight Drought

Very Slight to Nil

Severe & Moderate

Moderate & Less Moderate

Sunderbans

Forest

ADDITIONAL DROUGHT

PRONE AREAS IN 2030

ADDITIONAL DROUGHT

PRONE AREAS IN 2075

Way forward

Manage the Unavoidable = Adaptation

Avoid the Unmanageable = Mitigation

National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) 2005, revised in 2009

■ 45 measures; 18 prioritized; (9 short term, 9 mid term)

Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2008, revised in 2009

■ 10 year prog (2009-2018)

■ 6 pillars; 44 programmes, 145 actions

Response to CC

Climate Change Trust Fund Act 2010

■ Formation of Climate Change Trust Fund

■ 100 M$/year since 2010 from national budget

Climate Change Unit under MoEF

■ Financial support to different ministries and govt. departments

■ National NGOs

Climate Change Resilience Fund

Response to CC

Raised Plinth Height

Ho

me

ste

ad

Ga

rde

n

on

Ra

ise

d P

lin

th

Raised Plinth of Toilet

Livestock During Flood

Preservation of Household Assets Over False Ceiling

Storage of Food for Flood

Storage of Safe Drinking

Water & Dry Food

Community based rain

water harvesting

Household based rain

water harvesting

Floating Garden

During Flood

Locally Known as

Baira Cultivation

Raised Tube Well

Store Extra Furnace

Protecting from

Erosion

Protecting IGA

Community People Using the Water of Re-excavated Pond

Pond Sand Filter

Household Based Rain Water Harvesting in Drought Prone Area

Drip Irrigation

Household Based Irrigation Farming

Crab Farming in Saline Water

Chickpeas in Drought Area

THANK YOU