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2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Active Server Pages (ASP) Outline33.1 Introduction33.2 How Active Server Pages Work33.3 Setup33.4 Active Server Page Objects33.5 Simple ASP Examples33.6 File System Objects33.7 Session Tracking and Cookies33.8 ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)33.9 Accessing a Database from an Active Server Page33.10 Server-Side ActiveX Components33.11 Web Resources

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Objectives

In this tutorial, you will learn: To program Active Server Pages using VBScript. To understand how Active Server Pages work. To understand the differences between client-side scripting

and server-side scripting. To be able to pass data between Web pages. To be able to use server-side include statements. To be able to use server-side ActiveX components.

To be able to create sessions. To be able to use cookies. To be able to use ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) to access a

database.

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33.1 Introduction

Server-side technologies Dynamically creates Web pages

Use client information, server information and informationfrom the Internet

Active Server Pages (ASP) Microsoft Server-side technology Dynamically build documents in response to client requests

Deliver dynamic Web content XHTML, DHTML, ActiveX controls, client-side

scripts and Java applets

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33.2 How Active Server Pages Work

Active Server Pages Processed by scripting engine

Server-side ActiveX control .asp file extension

Can contain XHTML tags Scripting written with VBScript

JavaScript also used Others (Independent Software Vendors)

Communication with Server Client HTTP request to server Active server page processes request and returns results

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33.2 How Active Server Pages Work

Active Server Pages,cont. Communication with Server, cont.

ASP document is loaded into memory asp.dll scripting engine on server

Parses (top to bottom)

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33.3 Setup

Web Server Need to run Web server to use Active Server Pages

IIS 5.0 (Internet Information Services) or higher

Create a virtual directory

Copy files toc:\InetPub\Wwwroot

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33.4 Active Server Page Objects

Built-in objects Communicate with a Web browser Gather data sent by HTTP request Distinguish between users Request

Get or post information Data provided by the user in an XHTML form Access to information stored on client machine

Cookies File upload (binary)

Response Sends information to client

XHTML, text Server

Access to server methods or properties

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33.4 Active Server Page Objects

Object Name DescriptionRequest Used to access information passed by an HTTP request.

Response Used to control the information sent to the client.Server Used to access methods and properties on the server.

Fig. 25.1 Commonly used ASP objects.

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33.5 Simple ASP Examples

ASP Scripts Scripting delimiters

@LANGUAGEdirective

Option Explicit As in VBScript, forces all variables to be declared in advance

FormatDateTime Time to display

Now Format to display in

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Scripting delimiterwraps around codeexecuted on the server.

Processing directivespecifying scriptinglanguageRequires programmer

explicitly define all variables

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33.5 Simple ASP ExamplesFig. 33.2 Simple Active Server Page.

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33.5 Simple ASP Examples

ASP processes input Form information sent by client E-commerce Web site

Use to verify customer information

Server responds to process request Form

Using post method action attribute indicates the .asp file to which the form

information is posted Request object retrieves form data

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action set to ASP filewhere information ispost ed.

name.html(2 of 2)

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33.5 Simple ASP ExamplesFig. 33.4 XHTML document that requests an ASP.

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name.asp(2 of 2) Request object retrieves

form data from text fieldnamebox

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33.5 Simple ASP ExamplesFig. 33.5 ASP document that responds to a client request.

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33.6 File System Objects

File System Objects (FSOs) Allow programmer to manipulate files, directories and drives Read and write text Microsoft Scripting Runtime Library (Fig 33.6)

FileSystemObject , File , Folder , Drive andTextStream

Use to create directories, move files, determine whether aDrive exists

FileSystemObject methods (Fig. 33.7)

File object Allows programmer to gather info about files, manipulate files,

open files File properties and methods (Fig. 33.8)

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Object type DescriptionFileSystemObject Allows the programmer to interact with File s, Folder s and

Drive s.File Allows the programmer to manipulate File s of any type.Folder Allows the programmer to manipulate Folder s (i.e., directories).Drive Allows the programmer to gather information about Drive s (hard

disks, RAM disks computer memory used as a substitute for harddisks to allow high-speed file operations, CD-ROMs, etc.). Drive scan be local or remote.

TextStream Allows the programmer to read and write text files.

Fig. 33.6 File System Objects (FSOs).

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Methods DescriptionCopyFile

Copies an existing File .CopyFolder Copies an existing Folder .CreateFolder Creates and returns a Folder .CreateTextFile Creates and returns a text File .DeleteFile Deletes a File .DeleteFolder Deletes a Folder .DriveExists Tests whether or not a Drive exists. Returns a boolean.FileExists Tests whether or not a File exists. Returns a boolean.FolderExists Tests whether or not a Folder exists. Returns a boolean.GetAbsolutePathName Returns the absolute path as a string.Fig. 33.7 FileSystemObject methods. (Part 1 of 2)

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Methods DescriptionGetDrive

Returns the specified Drive .GetDriveName Returns the Drive drive name.GetFile Returns the specified File .GetFileName Returns the File file name.GetFolder Returns the specified File .GetParentFolderName Returns a string representing the parent folder name.

GetTempName Creates and returns a string representing a file name.MoveFile Moves a File .MoveFolder Moves a Folder .OpenTextFile Opens an existing text File . Returns a TextStream .Fig. 33.7 FileSystemObject methods. (Part 2 of 2)

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33.6 File System ObjectsProperty/method Description

Property

DateCreated Date. The date the File was created.DateLastAccessed Date. The date the File was last accessed.DateLastModified Date. The date the File was last modified.Drive Drive . The Drive where the file is located.

Name String. The File name.ParentFolder String. The File s parent folder name. Path String. The File s path. ShortName String. The File s name expressed as a short name. Size Variant. The size of the File in bytes.

Method Copy Copy the File . Same as CopyFile of FileSystemObject .Delete Delete the File . Same as DeleteFile of FileSystemObject .Move Move the File . Same as MoveFile of FileSystemObject .OpenAsTextStream Opens an existing File as a text File . Returns TextStream .

Fig. 33.8 Some common File properties and methods.

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File System Objects (FSOs) Path property Contains File path in long name format

ShortName property Contains File path in short name format

Folder object Allows programmer to manipulate and gather info about

directories Folder properties (Fig. 33.9)

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33.6 File System ObjectsPrope rty/ me thod Description

Properties

Attributes Integer. Value indicating Folder s attributes (read only, hidden, etc.). DateCreated Date. The date the folder was created.DateLastAccessed Date. The date the folder was last accessed.DateLastModified Date. The date the folder was last modified.Drive Drive . The Drive where the folder is located.

IsRootFolder Boolean. Indicates whether or not a Folder is a root folder.Name String. The Folder s name. ParentFolder Folder . The Folder s parent folde r.Path String. The Folder s path. ShortName String. The Folder s name expressed as a short name. ShortPath String. The Folder s path expressed as a short path. Size Variant. The total size in bytes of all subfolders and files.

Type String. The Folder type.Fig. 33.9 Some Folder properties and methods. (Part 1 of 2)

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Property/method Description

MethodsDelete Delete the Folder . Same as DeleteFolder of

FileSystemObject .Move Move the Folder . Same as MoveFolder of

FileSystemObject .Copy Copy the Folder . Same as CopyFolder of

FileSystemObject .Fig. 33.9 Some Folder properties and methods. (Part 2 of 2)

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File System Objects (FSOs) IsRootFolder property Indicates whether folder is the root folder for the Drive If not:

Method ParentFolder

Retrieves parent folder Method Size

Returns the total bytes the folder contains (includessubfolders)

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File System Objects (FSOs) Drive object (Fig. 33.10) Gather information about drives Property DriveLetter

Contains drive letter Property SerialNumber

Contains drive serial number Property FreeSpace

Contains number of available bytes

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Property DescriptionAvailableSpace Variant. The amount of available Drive space in bytes.

DriveLetter String. The letter assigned to the Drive (e.g., C). DriveType Integer. The Drive type. Constants Unknown , Removable , Fixed ,

Remote , CDRomand RamDisk represent Drive types and have thevalues 0 5, respectively.

FileSystemString. The file system

Drive description (FAT, FAT32, NTFS, etc.).FreeSpace Variant. Same as AvailableSpace .

IsReady Boolean. Indicates whether or not a Drive is ready for use.Path String. The Drive s path. RootFolder Folder object. The Drive s root Folder .SerialNumber Long. The Drive serial number.

TotalSize Variant. The total Drive size in bytes.VolumeName String. The Drive volume name.Fig. 33.10 Drive properties.

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File System Objects (FSOs) TextStream object (Fig. 33.11) Manipulate text files

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Prope rty/ Me thod Description

PropertiesAtEndOfLine Boolean. Indicates whether the end of a line has been encountered.AtEndOfStream Boolean. Indicates whether the end of file has been encountered.Column Integer. Returns the characters position in a line.Line Integer. Returns the current line number.

MethodsRead String. Returns a specified number of characters from the file

referenced by the TextStream object.ReadAll String. Returns the entire contents of the file referenced by the

TextStream object.Fig. 33.11 TextStream methods and properties. (Part 1 of 2)

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Prope rty/ Me thod Description

Methods, cont.ReadLine String. Returns one line from the file referenced by the

TextStream object.Write String. Writes text to the file referenced by the TextStream object.

WriteBlankLines String. Writes newline characters to the file referenced by the

TextStream object.WriteLine String. Writes one line to the file referenced by the TextStream

object.Skip Variant. Skips a specified number of characters while reading from the

file referenced by the TextStream object.SkipLine Variant. Skips a line of characters while reading from the file

referenced by the TextStream object.Close Close the file referenced by the TextStream object.

Fig. 33.11 TextStream methods and properties. (Part 2 of 2)

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Creating a guestbook XHTML Form hidden field

Determine if page loaded by form submission

Write data to text file ServerVariables APPL_PHYSICAL_PATH OpenTextFile

Append mode

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Creating a guestbook, cont. Name returned as mailto: URL Request object

Chr function Generate characters from ASCII code

Always Close files

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Concatenated with filename guestbook.txt

Creating a FSO instance

assigned to reference fileObject

Set is required to establish avariable in VBScript

Request object retrieveshiddenInput value and testsit against string true Prints string followed by

users name input in the form

Date() assigns currentserver date to beginning of mailtoUrl

Displays a mailto : link.

Submitted name and emailare combined and assigned tostring mailtoUrlPass value 34 into VBScript

Chr function to produce doublequotes ( )

Request retrieves email andusername

Pass Request methodServerVariables server keyAPPL_PHYSICAL_PATH

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Method OpenTextFile retrieves TextStream objectfor accessing fileguestbook.txt

Contstant 8 indicatesappend mode (writing tothe end of the file.)

TextStream methodWriteLine writes to guestbook.txt

Close() method closes the file

Form post action to .asp page

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FSO object FileExists checks if guestbook.txt exists.

Read entries fromguestbook.txt and writeXHTML to the client

TextStream and ReadAll methods read entirecontents of guestbook.txt

Response.Write writestext to client. ContainsXHTML markup renderedon client browser.

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33.6 File System ObjectsFig. 33.12 Guestbook Active Server Page.

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33.6 File System ObjectsFig. 33.12 Guestbook Active Server Page.

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Key name DescriptionAPPL_PHYSICAL_PATH Returns the physical path.HTTPS Boolean. Determines whether the request

came in through SSL (Secure Sockets Layer).REMOTE_ADDR Clients DNS name or IP addres s.REQUEST_METHOD Request method (i.e., get and post).SERVER_NAME Servers hostname (DNS or IP address).

HTTP_USER_AGENT Returns information about the client makingthe request.HTTP_COOKIE Returns cookies residing on the client.Fig. 33.13 Some server variable keys.

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33.7 Session Tracking and Cookies

Session Tracking and Cookies Helps server to distinguish between clients Provide custom content

Shopping cart Marketing/advertising

SessionID Assigned by server to each unique session Compared with sessionID s stored in server

Session object Timeout property

Length of session before it expires Abandon property

Terminates individual session

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ASP application Multiple ASP pages linked with session variables Example

instantpage.asp

Form, requests information from the user Posted to process.asp

process.asp

Redirects user to instantpage.asp if errors exist Otherwise creates users ASP page

Stores message in session variable welcomeBack Every time user submits the form

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Server-side include Commands embedded in XHTML documents Add dynamic content Places a .shtml include file within another file Physical or virtual path

Not all Web servers support Written as comment

Performed before scripting code is interpreted.

ASP page cannot determine which includes to use Can contain scripting code

Must use tag or delimiters

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Server-side include

errorMessage sessionvariable used for errormessages welcomeBack session

variable displayswelcome back messageto returning users

If statement testserrorMessage equalityto no error . ReturnTrue or False .

If true, errorMessage value is written to client

Else, WelcomeBack value iswritten to the client

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errorMessage never has avalue unless errors areencountered

Session object

retrieves variable value

Requests process.asp whenform is posted

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33.7 Session Tracking and CookiesFig. 33.15 ASP that posts user information to process.asp.

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footer.shtml

server-side include file

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If statement validatescontents of text field.

If field is empty orcontains default stringyourfilename , lines 19-21 assign XHTML errormessage to variablemessage.

Assign message value tosession variableerrorMessage

Server methodTransfer requestsinstantpage.asp

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name is entered and assignedreference fileObject

Specify server path whereASP file is written

Request.ServerVariables retrieves physical path Builds fileName by

concatenatingfilename to the .aspfile extension

filePath passed FileExists method. Determines if file exists.

If file exists, variableerrorMessage value is set toXHTML containing error message

Server.Transfer methodrequests instantpage.asp

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Assigns XHTML for welcome back message to welcomeBack session variableAssign ASP scripting

delimiters to string variablesopenMark and closeMark

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created page

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33.8 ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)

ADO Enables database connectivity Part of Universal Data Access architecture

OLE DB provides low-level access ODBC allows C programs to access databases ADO allows web applications to access databases

Provides pre-built objects for use in ASP and VBScript Collections

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ADO

OLE DB

Legacy data Relational data sources

Application or Browser

Non-relational data sources

ODBC

Fig. 33.22 Microsofts UDA architecture.

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33.8 ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)Fig. 33.23 Portion of the ADO object model.

Field

Parameter

Fields

Error

Parameters

RecordSet

Errors

Command

Connection

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Object/Collection DescriptionConnection object Connects to the data source.Command object Contains the query that interacts with the database (the data

source) to manipulate data.Parameter object Contains information needed by a Command object to query

the data source.Parameters collection

Contains one or more Parameter objects.

Error object Created when an error occurs while accessing data.Errors collection Contains one or more Error objects.Recordset object Contains zero or more records that match the database query.

Collectively, this group of records is called a recordset .Field object Contains the value (and other attributes) of one data source

field.Fields collection Contains one or more Field objects.Property object Contains a characteristic of an ADO object.Properties collection

Contains one or more Property objects.

Record object Contains a single row of a Recordset .Stream object Contains a stream of binary data.

Fig. 33.24 Some ADO object and collection types.

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gServer Page

Web applications Communicating with databases

Use ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) Provides uniform way for programs to connect with

databases

Three-tier distributed applications User interface

Created with XHTML, DHTML or XML Contains ActiveX controls, client-side scripts, Java applets

Communicate directly with business logic Business logic Database access May reside on separate computers

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gServer Page

Web applications, cont. Three-tier distributed applications, cont.

Web servers build middle tier Provide business logic

Manipulates databases Communicates with client Web browsers

ASP communications with databases Use SQL-based queries ADO handled specifics

Through OLE DB Databases provide data source for dynamic content

Allows users who are not familiar with Web languages to create Webpages Restrict access

Password protection Query Access database

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database.asp(2 of 2)

Err object Number propertycontains VBScript errornumber. Tests if error hasoccurred.

variable is assignedXHTML text containingerror number and message Error number and message

concatenated to variableerrorString

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Server PageFig. 33.26 Error messages sent to login.asp by database.asp .

Outline781

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login.asp(1 of 7)

Assigns SQL queryto session variable

queryExecutes database.asp to retrievelogin IDs from the database

Outline7926

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login.asp(2 of 7)

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Tests if session variableerrorString value isempty string

Lines 39-41 test is session variableloginFailure is True

Outline804849

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login.asp(3 of 7)

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select structure builds drop-down list of loginID s

Requests loginID cookie

Selects the returning userslogin ID option

Build loginID options

Outline81

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login.asp(4 of 7)

If false, print errormessage to user

Outline82

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login.asp(5 of 7)

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Tests for EOF

If statement tests whetheroption needs to beselected

found set to False before loop

Outline83

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If statement writesselected for an

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login.asp(6 of 7)

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selected for anoption

Once selected is

written for an option ,found set to true

Determines whether currentrecords loginID field isequal to loginID cookie

Outline84

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login.asp(7 of 7)

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while loop (lines 107-130) iteratesthrough loginData s records Sets option value to

current login ID

Writes option display ascurrent login ID

Increments the record set pointerto next record


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Server PageFig. 33.27 ASP document that allows the user to log in to a site.


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Server PageFig. 33.27 ASP document that allows the user to log in to a site.

Outline 871

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submitlogin.asp(1 of 2)

field is empty or idloginID field containsdefault value

WHEREspecifies acondition on which recordsare selected

Executes database.asp toquery database

Sets reference loginData tosession variable loginData (contains records matching

query.)

Checks password against thepassword in recordset

If so, variableloginFailure set totrue , client redirectedback to login.asp

Outline 8825

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If true line writes forms loginID

Sets session variableSets cookies expiration date tocurrent date plus 3 days

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submitlogin.asp(2 of 2)

If true, line writes forms loginID value as cookie named loginID

loginFailure valueto False

current date plus 3 days

Calls Server method Transfer toredirect client to instantpage.asp

Otherwise loginFailure set to Trueand client is redirected to login.asp


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Server PageFig. 33.28 ASP document that validates user login.


S P

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Server PageFig. 33.28 ASP document that validates user login.


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Server PageFig. 33.29 Cookies folder before and after cookie creation.

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33.10 Server-Side ActiveX Components

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p

ActiveX controls on the server with no GUI Make features available in ASP AdRotator ActiveX component

Rotates advertisements on a Web page Randomly displays one of several advertisements

Minimizes space on a Web page committed to advertisements Client does not have to support ActiveX technologies (on the

server)

PageCounter ActiveX component

Page hit counter

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p

Component name DescriptionMSWC.BrowserType ActiveX component for gathering information about the

clients browser (e.g., type, version). MSWC.AdRotator ActiveX component for rotating advertisements on aWeb page.

MSWC.NextLink ActiveX component for linking Web pages together.MSWC.ContentRotator ActiveX component for rotating HTML content on a

Web page.MSWC.PageCounter ActiveX component for storing the number of times a

Web page has been requested.MSWC.Counters ActiveX components that provide general-purpose

persistent counters.MSWC.MyInfo ActiveX component that provides information about a

Web site (e.g., owner name, owner address).Scripting.FileSystemObject

ActiveX component that provides an object library for

accessing files on the server or on the servers network. ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)Data Access Components

ActiveX components that provide an object libraryfor accessing databases.

Fig. 33.30 Some server-side ActiveX components.

Outline 941

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component.asp(1 of 4)

Outline 9525

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Creates AdRotator component instance,

assigns it reference rotator

GetAdvertisement called using reference rotator .Retrieves advertisements from config.txt

Obtains information about users browser

Check property VBScript value

Test JavaScript property

Outline 9651

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BrowserType objects Browser , Version and MinorVer properties

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can obtain similar client information

TestsCookies

property to determine if browser supports cookies

Increments number of hits by one

Passes server variable keyHTTP_USER_AGENTtoServerVariables , obtains string

containing user information

Outline 9773

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Returns number of hits

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pFig. 33.31 Demonstrating server-side ActiveX components.

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pFig. 33.31 Demonstrating server-side ActiveX components.

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Fig. 33.31 Demonstrating server-side ActiveX components.

Outline 1011

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Header containsREDIRECT file URL

Advertisement dimensions

Image URL, destination URL,

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config.txt(1 of 1)

Asterisk separates headerfrom advertisements

Advertisement dimensionsalt value, image display ratio

Outline 1021

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redirect.asp(1 of 1)

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