asp handbook

Bharti Group Data & Broadband Business

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ASP ENGINEERS HANDBOOK


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Index 1 Part 1: Overview of VSAT Technology Part 2: Traditional VSAT (PAMA/DAMA/TDMA) Part 3: Tips for Customer Interaction :- Key aspects Part 4: VSAT BIT


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PART -1


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INFORMATION ON

VSAT TECHN0LOGY


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Contents 1. Introduction

1.1 What is this document?

1.2 What will a reader find in this document?

1.3 What doesn’t this document cover?

2. General Basics on Satellites

2.1 Satellites 2.1.1 What is a Satellite? 2.1.2 How are satellites classified? 2.1.3 Why do we need man made satellites? 2.1.4 What are the different kinds of man made satellite? 2.1.5 What is an orbit? 2.1.6 What do these satellites consist of? 2.1.7 Who uses these satellites and for what applications? 2.1.8 How has satellite technology touched the life of a common man? 2.1.9 What are the advantages of using satellite technology?

2.2 VSAT 2.2.1 What are VSATs? 2.2.2 Why are VSATs used? 2.2.3 Who uses VSATs? 2.2.4 What are the advantages of using VSATs? 2.2.5 What are the components that go into making a VSAT system? 2.2.6 What is a VSAT hub?

2.3 Multiplexing Techniques 2.3.1 Multiple access 2.3.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) - FDM/FM/FDMA 2.3.3 Time Division Multiple Access 2.3.4 TDMA Frame Structure & Design 2.3.5 Code Division Multiple Access

2.4 Mesh and Star networks

2.5 What are the different access methods used in VSAT communication? 2.5.1 PAMA: Pre Assigned Multiple Access 2.5.2 DAMA: Demand Assigned Multiple Access 2.5.3 TDM/TDMA: Time Division Multiplexed/Time Division Multiple Access 2.5.4 Typical applications on TDMA 2.5.5 What are the different bands available on a satellite? 2.5.6 What are the advantages & disadvantages of each band? 2.5.7 What is a footprint?

2.6. What is Rain Fade?


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2.7 Coding and Modulation 2.7.1 Modulation 2.7.2 Forward Error Correction 2.7.3 Bit and Symbol Error Rates

3. VSATs in the Indian context

3.1 What is ISRO’s role been in the Indian satellite industry as well as in the VSAT industry?

3.2 What are the regulatory bodies that govern VSAT Service providers?

3.3 What are the regulations governing in India? (Past & Present Scenarios

4. Transition of Narrow Band to Broad Band over satellite

4.1 What is a Narrow band?

4.2 What is a Broad band? 4.3 What is the need of Broad band over VSATs?

4.4. The growth path of VSAT’s

5. Product Introduction

5.1 What are the services we have been offering?

5.2. What have our target segments been and the customers we have acquired?

5.3 Key market drivers for customers deploying VSAT’s.


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1. Introduction 1.1 What is this document? The document has been created that tells us about satellite technology. This document will help people who are on the field, a quick reference to issues that are not easily understandable. It is a more practical document that will give you information on your fingertips. And, would let you know all that you wanted to know about Satellite Technology, its uses, its applications.

1.2 What will a reader find in this document? This is a base document designed for our entire team. This will explain what a Sky Blaster is? This document will also cover the Satellite concepts & basics. It will also give an understanding of various VSAT technologies. The Product offering discusses the various solution offerings which are possible for the customer. This document also gives an exhaustive product comparison between similar product by various other satellite service providers. This document will give an overview on the government regulations on the VSAT services. There is also a frequently asked question section & a glossary section which will cover technology terms frequently used in the industry. 1.3 What doesn’t this document cover? The document doesn’t cover the any comparison with other existing telecommunication mediums. That is being addressed, and a separate document is being prepared for the same.


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General Basics on Satellites 2.1 Satellites 2.1.1 What is a Satellite? Any object in the Solar system that revolves around another object that is either static or in motion is a satellite to the latter. For e.g. Earth is a satellite to the Sun & the Moon is a satellite to Earth. 2.1.2 How are satellites classified? Broadly we can classify satellites into 2 types: a) Natural Satellites: These are satellites that have been existing even before existence of any living organism on earth e.g. Moon. b) Man made satellites: These are satellites that have been placed into space by human being to achieve a specific purpose. These satellites are sophisticated electronic communications relay station orbiting around the equator moving in a fixed orbit at the same speed & direction of the earth. These satellites like all living things has a specific life time e.g. the INSAT series of satellites which have been launched by India. 2.1.3 Why do we need man made satellites? Man made satellite is used in a variety of areas like weather forecasting, communication, navigation systems, television broadcasting etc. 2.1.4 What are the different kinds of man made satellite? Based on the orbit in which a satellite is placed we can classify man made satellites as: a) LEO LEO stands for Low Earth Orbit satellite. These satellites circle the earth at a distance that varies from 100 to 300 miles. The orbit in which these satellites are placed is called Polar Orbits. Leo’s are also known as Polar Orbit satellites, a Polar Orbit satellite travels from North-South direction. Since these satellites are very close to Earth and to avoid getting pulled back into the gravitational pull of the earth, they have to travel at speeds of 29,359 Kms/ hour and they circle the earth once in every 90 minutes. Hence they have a rather short life span, as the amount of fuel it uses to stay into orbit is very high. Polar Orbit satellites are mostly used for scanning he Earth’s surface. Some of the most popular areas where Polar Obits satellites are used are Weather Satellite & Remote Sensing satellites. Iridium is another example of LEO satellites. LEO Satellites are deployed for Mobile / Satellite Telephony applications. Good example is Iridium and ICO Global kind of networks.


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b) MEO MEO stands for Medium Earth Orbit satellite. These satellites circle the earth at a distance that varies between 6,000 to 12,000 miles and would take approximately 5 to 12 hours to circle the earth once. MEO’s are most popular in GPS services c) GEO GEO stands for Geosyncronous Equatorial Orbit satellite. These satellites circle the earth at a distance of 22,282 miles or 36,000 Kms. These satellites move at the pace of the earth & will rotate at the same speed, as the earth. As the move at the same speed of the Earth they appear to be stationary. A Satellite placed in the GEO Orbit will take about 24 hrs to complete one rotation. These satellites rotate in an equatorial orbit. Since GEO’s move along with the earth’s rotation they will cover the same area all their life. INSAT 2B and 2C are some examples of Geosyncronous satellites. It takes about 3 satellite placed in the Geosyncronous Orbit to completely cover Earth. 2.1.5 What is an orbit? The path, which a satellite takes to circle round its parent planet, is called Orbit. 2.1.6 What do these satellites consist of?


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Man made satellites that orbit earth & the sun are highly sophisticated tools that involve complex electronics however two main components to all the satellites are the Payload and the Bus. The payload is all the equipment; a satellite needs to do its job. This can include antennas, cameras, radar, and electronics. The payload is different for every satellite. For example, the payload for a weather satellite includes cameras to take pictures of cloud formations, while the payload for a communications satellite includes large antennas to transmit TV or signals to Earth. The bus is the part of the satellite that carries the payload and all its equipment into space. It holds all the satellite's parts together and provides electrical power, computers, and propulsion to the spacecraft. The bus also contains equipment that allows the satellite to communicate with Earth. 2.1.7 Who uses these satellites and for what applications? Satellite services are used for a variety of applications. Satellites are used for weather forecasting, TV Broadcast, GPS, Long Distance Telephony and Data Communication. 2.1.8 How has satellite technology touched the life of a common man? Television, one of mans greatest invention of all times uses satellite technology. TV Broadcasters use satellite communication methods to ensure that you’re favorite program come to you on a flip of a single button on your remote. Have you ever thought that without this satellite technology how would we ever have seen any television channel at all? Why Satellite? Is another question that comes to mind. The only way the TV Broadcaster can reach millions of people covering large spans of


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territory is by using Satellite. This is not only economical but also cost effective compared to any other medium. Satellites again play a very important role in long distance telephony, Rural telephony.

Farmers depend on weather reports for their crop. These are a few areas of life where satellites have not only touched the life of a common man but also improved it for the better. 2.1.9 What are the advantages of using satellite technology? Some advantages of using satellite technology are: a) Very high reliability, all onboard systems are fully redundant. b) Distance insensitive c) High bandwidth capacity d) No last mile issues e) Speedy installation f) Mobile, can be used for short term or emergency communications g) Excellent for broadcast transmission h) Bandwidth on demand 2.2 VSAT 2.2.1 What are VSATs? The term VSATs stand for Very Small Aperture Terminal, these are fixed satellite terminals that are used to provide interactive or receive –only communications. 2.2.2 Why are VSATs used? VSATs are used for a wide variety of telecommunications applications such as Corporate networks, Rural Telecom, Distance Learning, Telemedicine, Disaster Recovery, Ship - Board communications (communication on large ships), etc. 2.2.3 Who uses VSATs? VSATs have become increasingly popular, because they are a flexible communication platform that can be installed quickly & cost effectively to provide telecom solutions to consumers, governments & corporations. VSATs have a wide range of users starting from large corporates with large value chains having a wide geographical spread to smaller organizations which have office in different locations, the defense establishments, stock exchanges, manufacturing & FMCG companies are the typical users of VSAT’s.


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2.2.4 What are the advantages of using VSATs? Some of the advantages of using VSATs are: a) VSATs are highly reliable & boasts of uptimes as high as 99.5% b) Since VSATs use a satellite to communicate geographical boundaries or terrain is

not a constraint. c) A centrally managed network, which reduces a lot of logistics cost for the

customer. d) In case of a failure the Mean Time to Repair is in the order of a few Hours. e) No last Miles for the customer f) Most important One Vendor Management. 2.2.5 What are the components that go into making a VSAT system?

Antenna: The antenna is responsible for transmitting, the amplified signal from the power amplifier to the satellite and also receiving the signal from the satellite in conjunction with the low noise amplifier. The Antenna is parabolic in nature and usually all the Hub Antenna’s are Centre-fed. Power Amplifier: The Power Amplifier is used for amplifying the Up converter RF signal before being fed into the Antenna system. The Amplifier can be either Mounted on the Antenna system or could be placed in the Indoor Rack. Low Noise Amplifier: The signal that travels from the satellite would have become weak due to various atmospheric issues, the signal strength is reduced to a few watts hence the signal

Power Amplifier

Low Noise Amplifier

Up -Converter

Down Converter

Modulator

Demodulator

CPE

Antenna


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need to pass through an equipment that will increase the signal strength from a few watts to several Kilowatts. The low noise amplifier is responsible for amplifying very low power satellite signals received at the antenna to a higher signal strength before it is fed into the down – converter. Down-Converter: A down – converter amplifies and converts the frequency (RF to IF), which is received from the low noise amplifier. This is then passed on to the demodulator. Up-Converter An up-converter amplifies & converts the frequency (IF to RF), that is received from the modulator. This is then passed on to the power amplifier for further amplification and transmission. Demodulator & Modulators: Demodulator is responsible for converting the IF signals into digital format. This is understood by the networking components like Routers, Switches, Telephone systems, etc. and the same is then fed into the computer. Modulators on the contrary are responsible for converting the digital data into IF signals. 2.2.6 What is a VSAT hub? A VSAT hub is a huge earth station that is responsible for controlling & monitoring all the activities of the geographical spread of VSATs. In some cases all the remote VSATs communicate to one central site, this Central Site is connected to the hub, as the Hub is the switching element.


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Multiplexing Techniques

A satellite link can relay signals from a single earth station. These signals must be separated to avoid interfering with each other. This separation is called multiplexing. The most common forms of multiplexing are: a) FDM - Frequency Division Multiplexing A group of signals pass through the same channel but on different frequencies. b) TDM -Time Division Multiplexing A group of signals take turns in different time intervals to use a channel. Theoretically either multiplexing technique can be used with analog or digital modulation. But, TDM is more easier to implement when the content is digital. This is because digital signals are precisely timed and consists of groups of short pulses with relatively long intervals between them. FDM is more convenient with analog. 2.3.1 Multiple access Multiple access is “the ability of a large numbers of remote stations to simultaneously interconnect their respective voice, data, Teletype, facsimile and television links through a satellite”. The multiple-access is fundamental to satellite communication because it is the means by which the wide geographical coverage capability and broadcast nature of the satellite channel are exploited. It affects all the elements of the system, determines the system capacity and flexibility, and has a strong influence on costs. It involves how to permit a changing group of remote stations to share a satellite in a way that optimizes (1) satellite capacity (2) spectrum utilization (3) satellite power (4) interconnectivity (5) flexibility (6) Adaptability to different traffic mixes (7) Cost (8) user acceptability Usually all the elements in this list cannot be optimized and some may have to be traded off against others. Classically there are three main multiple access techniques, they are: a) FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) - All the users share the satellite at

the same time. But, each transmits in its own unique frequency band. This is


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most commonly employed with analog modulation, where signals are present all the time.

b) TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) - All the users transmit in turn in their own

unique time slots. While transmitting, each occupant has exclusive use of one or more transponders. The intermittent nature of TDMA transmission makes it particularly attractive for digital modulation.

c) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) -Many earth stations simultaneously

transmit orthogonal coded spread-spectrum signals that occupy the same frequency band. Decoding (“de-spreading”) systems receive the combined transmissions from many stations and recover one of them.

In all the three classical multiple access schemes some resource is shared. If the proportion allocated to each earth station is fixed in advance, the system is called fixed access (FA) or Pre-assigned Access (PA). If the resource is allocated as needed in response to changing traffic conditions, the multiple access arrangement is termed Demand Access (DA). 2.3.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) - FDM/FM/FDMA Frequency division multiple access with FM frequency division multiplexing is abbreviated as FDM/FM/FDMA. In it a remote station is permanently assigned a carrier frequency. The station frequency modulates all its outgoing traffic, whatever the destination, on that carrier. An originating station’s traffic capacity is limited by its allocated bandwidth and the carrier to noise ratio (denoted as C/N) that it can achieve on the downlink. The carrier frequencies and bandwidth assigned to all the remote stations constitutes a satellite frequency plan. Every station that operates in an FDM/FM/FDMA network must be able to receive atl east one carrier from all the stations in the network. Thus most FDM/FM/FDMA stations have a large number of separate IF receivers & de-multiplexers. Satellite FDM/FM/FDMA were patterned after the terrestrial analog telephone microwave and cable transmission systems used in the early days of the Intelsat system. Some common E.g. of the FDMA system is Our PAMA & DAMA services. 2.3.3 Time Division Multiple Access: In time division multiple access (TDMA) a number or earth stations take turns transmitting bursts through a common transponder. Since all practical TDMA systems are digital, TDMA has all the advantages over FDM/FM/FDMA that digital transmission usually has over analog. TDMA is easy to reconfigure for changing traffic demands, resists noise and interference, and mixes voice and data traffic. But, one advantage of TDMA systems is that it permits a transponder’s TWT (Travelling Wave Tube) to operate at or near saturation and thus it maximizes the downlink (C/N).


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Since only one carrier is in the TWT at a time, there are no inter-modulation products to worry about and no back off is necessary. Many of the concepts for time division multiplexing (TDM) apply without change to TDMA. In TDM digital data streams from many sources are transmitted sequentially in assigned time slots; the slots are organized into frames that also contain synchronization information. A receiving station must first recover the transmitter carrier frequency, then recover the transmitting station clock pulses, and then identify the start of each frame so that it can recover each transmitted channel and route it on to its destination. The principal difference is that in TDM everything comes from the same transmitter. The clock and the carrier frequencies do not change. While, in TDMA each frame contains a number of independent transmission. Each TDMA station has to know when to transmit, and it must be able to recover the carrier & clock for each receive burst in time to sort out all wanted baseband channels. 2.3.4 TDMA Frame Structure & Design In TDMA transmissions a group of earth stations, each a different distance from a satellite, must transmit individual bursts of RF energy in such a way that the bursts arrive at the satellite in a prescribed order. The stations have to adjust their transmissions to compensate for the variations in satellite range, and they must be able to enter or leave the network without disrupting its operations. These goals are accomplished by organizing TDMA transmissions into frames containing reference bursts that establish absolute time for the network. Each station transmits once per frame so that its burst begins to leave the satellite a specified time interval before or after the start of a reference burst. Each frame contains one (or two for redundancy) reference burst and a series of traffic bursts. Each traffic burst contains a preamble, which provides synchronization (sync) and signaling information and identifies the transmitting station, followed by a group of traffic bits. The traffic bits are the revenue-producing portion of the frame, and the reference bursts and the preamble constitutes system overhead. The smaller the overhead, the more efficient a working TDMA system is, but the difficulty it may have in acquiring and maintaining sync. 2.3.5 Code Division Multiple Access Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a scheme in which, a number of users occupy all of a transponder bandwidth all of the time. Their signals are encoded so that information from an individual transmitter can be detected and recovered only by a properly synchronized receiving station that knows the code being used. This provides a decentralized satellite network, as only the pairs of stations that are communicating need to coordinate their transmissions.


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Subject to transponder limitations and the practical constraints of the codes in use, stations having traffic can access a transponder on demand without coordinating their frequency (as in FDMA) or their time slot (as in TDMA) with any central authority. Each receiving station has its own code called its “address”, and a transmitting station simply modulates its transmission with the address of the intended receiver whenever it wishes to send a message to that receiver. CDMA is most suited for a military tactical communication environment where many small groups of mobile stations communicate briefly at irregular intervals than to a commercial environment where large volumes of traffic pass continuously between a small number of fixed locations.


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2.4 Mesh and Star networks

VSAT’s are connected by radio frequency links via a satellite. Those links are radio frequency links with a so-called ‘unlink’ from the station to the satellite and a so-called ‘downlink’ from the satellite to the station. The overall link from station to station, sometimes called a Hop, consists of an uplink and downlink. A radio frequency link is a modulated carrier conveying information. Basically the satellite receives the unlinked carriers from the transmitting earth stations within he field of view of its receiving antenna, amplifies those carriers. Translates their frequency to a lower band in order to avoid possible output / input interference, and transmits the amplified carriers to the stations located within the field of view of its transmitting antenna. Present VSAT networks use Geo-stationary satellites and as a result all the VSAT’s are visible from the satellite all the time, carriers can be relayed by the satellite from any e VSAT to any other VSAT in the network. These are nothing but Mesh networks. However in mesh networks one must take into account the following limitations: • Typically 200 dB carrier power attenuation on the uplink & the downlink as a

result of the distance to and from a Geo-stationary satellite • Limited satellite radio frequency power, typically few tens of watts • Small size of the VSAT, which limits its transmitting power and its receiving

sensitivity As a result of the above limitations, it may well be that the demodulated signals at the receiving VSAT do not match the quality requested by the user terminals. Therefore direct links form VSAT to VSAT may not be acceptable. The solution then is to install in the network a station larger than a VSAT, called the Hub. The Hub station has a larger antenna size than those of a VSAT, say 4 mtr to 11 mtr. This results in higher gain than that of a typical VSAT antenna, and it is also equipped with a more powerful transmitter. As a result of its improved capability, the hub station is able to receive adequately all the carriers transmitted by the VSATs, and to convey the desired information to all the VSATs by means of its own transmitted carriers. These are nothing but Star networks. The links from the Hub the VSAT are named ‘outbound links’. The ones from the VSAT to the Hub are named ‘inbound links’. Both inbound and outbound links consist of two links, uplink and downlink to & from the satellite. There are two alternatives to star shaped VSAT networks: • One-way networks: where the hub transmits carriers to receive only VSATs. This

configuration supports broadcast services from a central site where the hub is located to remote sites where the receive-only VSATs are installed.

• Two-way networks: where VSATs can transmit & receive. Such networks support interactive traffic.

One Way connectivity happens where there is a broadcast from the central location to all the remotes.


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The two-way connectivity between VSAT’s can be achieved in two ways:

Either direct links from VSAT to VSAT via the central Hub, hence making it a double hop scenario, with a first hop from VSAT to hub and then a second hop using the hub as a relay to destination VSAT. The second way is by single hop links via satellite in a star shaped network In conclusion, star shaped networks is imposed by power requirements resulting from the reduced size and hence the low costs of the VSAT earth station in conjunction with power limitation of satellites. Meshed networks are considered whenever such limitations do not hold, or are unacceptable. Meshed networks have the advantage of reduced propagation delay (single hop delay is 0.25 sec’s instead of 0.5 sec’s for double hop) which is especially of interest for telephony services.


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2.5 What are the different access methods used in VSAT communication? Various Access methods used in VSATs to communicate with each other are: • SCPC – Single Channel Per Carrier ( In simple terms this is nothing but lease

lines in the sky). SCPC Channels can be either PAMA or DAMA. • TDMA 2.5.1 PAMA: Pre Assigned Multiple Access PAMA is an access scheme where in when 2 VSATs want to communicate with each other a bandwidth is assigned to them exclusively. This assigned bandwidth will be available the VSAT’s on a permanently basis. This link can either be a symmetric and asymmetric link. It is nothing but a point to point connectivity. The PAMA service interconnects high data traffic sites within an organization. It is a cost-effective alternative to terrestrial leased lines, providing high reliability links to support mission critical applications. 2.5.2 DAMA: Demand Assigned Multiple Access The DAMA scheme is very similar to a telephone connection. Whenever, there is a need to talk to someone, you dial a number. The call lands at the telephone exchange, and the telephone exchange connects you to the dialed number. The role of the telephone exchange is to connect you to the desired number. This is exactly how a DAMA network operates. The HUB plays the role of a telephone exchange, between any two VSAT’s. The DAMA service addresses point to point voice, fax, and data communication

requirements of remote sites. It provides a cost effective and reliable solution to

Pre Assigned Multiple Access Channel

UnitsRemote Site

ChannelUnits

Remote Site Point to Point connectivity, Leased Line in the SKY


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business having a high internal voice/ fax communication requirements. Additionally

it enables organisations with operations in remote areas, to establish a reliable

communications network.

PAMA VSAT

CU

CU

CU

CU

Typical DAMA /PAMA Network

DAMASignalling System

DAMANMS

Customer Traffic Signalling Traffic

2.5.3 TDM/TDMA: Time Division Multiplexed/Time Division Multiple Access The TDMA network operates in a Star topology. All the remote VSATs communicate to the central hub station, on a Time Division Multiple Access Modes. At the hub the signal is re-transmitted to the destination VSAT using TDM technology after amplification. The Access mechanism of TDMA operates on a technology called Slotted Aloha. All the remote VSAT’s contend for a time divisional slot to transmit their packets to the Hub. The channel used by the remotes to communicate to the Hub is called the Return Link. Each of these return channels operates at a maximum of 128 Kbps. The Hub communicates to all the destination remotes using the TDM technology. The communication channel from the Hub to the remote is also called the Outbound or Outlink. The outbound or outlink from operates at 256 Kbps. In TDM/TDMA the implementation topology is a Hub & Spoke architecture here all the remote sites communicate to the central site via the HUB. The Hub is connected to the central site on an SCPC connection.


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Hub &Uplink

CustomerRemote Site (voice & fax)

CustomerRemote Site (LAN)

CustomerRemote Site

2.5.4 Typical applications on TDMA

• Interactive Data

Enterprise Resource Planning solutions like SAP, BPCS, BAAN, JD Edwards, to name a

few have been implemented on TDMA VSAT network. These solutions require

interactive data communication between remote sites and the central host site. The

network is also suited to carry intra-office e-mail traffic from cc: Mail, MSMail

amongst others.

The VSATs support multiple protocols enabling them to interface with existing

customer networks.

• Data Broadcast

Continuos data broadcast to a large number of locations as in a stock exchange

application or occasional file transfer from a central location to multiple remote


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locations is supported on the TDMA VSAT network. This is supported using the

Validate system, which is part of the TDMA VSAT system. The Validate system

provides both confirmed data broadcast, as required in file transfer applications and

also unconfirmed data broadcast to meet continuos data feed transmission.

• Occasional Voice on TDMA networks

The TDMA systems also offer voice communication support. This is suitable to interconnect remote locations. Various encoding rates are offered ranging from 4.8 to 16 Kbps. This gives the customer a choice to choose the appropriate voice quality as per the requirement. 2.5.5 What are the different bands available on a satellite? Any Satellite has different frequency bands available on it the table below shows what all bands are available with its operation frequencies in which the satellite up links & down links. SL NO

BAND UP Link in GHz Down Link in GHz

1 C – Band 5.925 – 6.425 3.700 – 4.200 2 Ext-C Band (available only in

India) 6.725 – 7.025 4.500 – 4.800

3 Ku – Band 14.00 – 14.50 10.95 – 11.70

4 Ka – Band 30.00 20.00 2.5.6 What are the advantages & disadvantages of each band? a) C – Band SL No

Advantages Disadvantages

1 Broad Footprint Interference 2 Little Rain fade Large antenna & amplifier sizes b) Ext-C Band SL NO


1 Broad footprint Weak signals 2 Little rain fade Large antenna sizes 3 Less interference Large amplifiers c) Ku – Band SL NO


1 Focused footprint Interference due to rain


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2 No terrestrial interference 3 Small antenna 4 Small amplifier d) Ka – Band SL NO


1 Focused footprint Interference due to rain 2 Large unused bandwidths 2.2.7 What is a footprint?

The area that is covered by the beam of a satellite is called a footprint. For e.g. in the figure above the marked area is a footprint of a satellite. Different kinds of footprints are: • Global Beam: coverage of entire surface of the earth that is visible by the

satellite. • Hemisphere Beam: coverage only of the hemisphere region. • Spot Beam: coverage only on a particular region, e.g. Coverage only of the

Indian sub-continent 2.6. What is Rain Fade? Rain Fade is an interruption of Wireless communication signals. As a result of rain or snow droplets whose separation approximates the signal wavelengths. This phenomenon can effect satellite connectivity and all satellite based communication. Rain fade usually does not last long. Once a heavy shower or squall has passed, normal communication returns. However, during tropical storms or severe winter storms at northern latitudes, fadeouts can persist for hours at a time. The phenomenon occurs with all types of satellite systems.


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2.7 Coding and Modulation 2.7.1 Modulation Modulation is a technique where in baseband data is superimposed on a carrier for transmission. There are different modulation techniques that have evolved over the years. However in digital data transmission the most primitive modulation technique is called PSK (Phase Shift Keying). The reason why its called phase shift keying, is because in digital data, the data are in 0’s or 1’s. This data is represented by the phase relationship of the RF carrier to itself or to a reference. For e.g. the phase offset of the carrier in one direction may represent one type of data, then, a phase offset in the opposite direction may represent another type of data. There are different types of modulation techniques that have evolved over the years for digital data transmission. They are: a) BPSK: Binary Phase Shift Keying b) QPSK: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying c) 8 PSK: 8 Phase Shift Keying d) 16 PSK: 16 Phase Shift Keying e) M-PSK: Multi Phase Shift Keying a) BPSK In the BPSK modulation technique the zeros and ones are represented by two phases of the RF carrier signal, which differ by 180 degrees. b) QPSK In QPSK modulation, zeros & ones are represented by four phases of the RF carrier, each differing by 90 degrees from the next. c) 8 PSK In 8 PSK modulation, zeros & ones are represented by 8 phases of the RF carrier, each differing by 45 degrees from the next. d) 16 PSK In 16 PSK modulation, zeros & ones are represented by 16 phases of the RF carrier, differing by 22.5 degrees from the next. e) M-PSK In M-PSK modulation, zeros & ones are represented by multiple phases of the RF carrier. The difference would vary in accordance to the output required. As the difference in the phase shifts increase, the probability of increase in the error becomes higher. Due to this reason the most widely used modulation techniques are BPSK & QPSK modulation.


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In QPSK modulation, two information bits are encoded at one time. This means that when transmitting the data in QPSK, the phase of the RF carrier must change at only half the rate. Both BPSK & QPSK are extremely efficient modulation techniques. With careful filtering techniques, bit error rate (BER) performance of 1 to 2 dB of the theoretical limit may be achieved. To achieve this low error rate, one approach is to filter the baseband or digital data before modulation with a Nyquist filter. Such a filter not only allows optimum performance to be achieved, but also constraints the PSK signal to the minimum possible bandwidth. Advantages of each approach An analysis of PSK modulation shows that the theoretical performance of BPSK and QPSK modulation is identical in a channel dominated by Gaussian noise, such as a satellite channel. This allows the choice to be made between BPSK and QPSK based on other considerations. With QPSK, the transmitted spectrum occupies only half the bandwidth of BPSK, and would therefore be a good choice in an environment where bandwidth efficiency is required. The prime advantage of BPSK is that it is much more tolerant to phase noise than QPSK. If the system is designed from the beginning with BPSK in mind, then lower cost microwave equipment can be used in the up and down conversion process, without compromising performance. Likewise, in a burst mode system, BPSK has a second advantage over QPSK as the burst demodulator takes shorter acquisition time. This allows the frame overhead to be kept to a minimum leading to increased efficiency while utilizing a lower cost transponder. Hence when designing the overall system, the designer tries to make optimum use of the satellite characteristics. There are three factors that have to be borne in mind when designing a particular system and choosing the modulation scheme: • Satellite limitations • The total power of all the desired carriers must not exceed a certain power level. • The total bandwidth of all the desired carriers must not exceed the bandwidth of

the transponder. • Hardware costs • System Goals 2.7.2 Forward Error Correction In forward error correction a few coding bits are added to the actual information data stream. The added bits have an in built mechanism to identify & rectify errors at the receiving end. This is done to achieve good bit error rates and low carrier to noise ratio. There are different techniques used in FEC starting from ½, ¾, 5/6, 7/8, etc. Here the numerator denotes the actual information bit & the denominator denotes information bit + coding bit. When ½ FEC is used it means that to every 1 bit of


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actual information 1 coding bit is used. Similarly when 5/6 FEC is used 1 coding bit is added to every 5 information Bits. 2.7.3 Bit and Symbol Error Rates Bit Error Rate (BER) is also called the Bit Error Probability (PB). Mathematically this is the probability that a bit sent over the link would be received incorrectly (i.e. that a 1 will be read as a 0 or vice versa) or, alternatively, the fraction of a large number of transmitted bits will be received incorrectly. Like a probability, it is usually stated as a single number – for example 1 X 10^-4 or .001. The BER plays the same role as an indicator of quality in a digital communication system that the signal-to-noise ratio plays in an analog link. Physically a bit error occurs because a symbol error has occurred. At some point in the link noise has corrupted the transmitted symbol so that the decision circuitry at the receiver cannot identify it correctly. For example, the carrier phase may have been transmitted as +90 degrees but additive noise may have changed the received carrier phase to –90 degrees.


28

3. VSATs in the Indian context 3.1 What is ISRO’s role been in the Indian satellite industry as well as in the VSAT industry? ISRO stands for Indian Space Research Organization, setup in June 1972 under the Department of Space programme. The primary objective of ISRO is to develop satellites, launch vehicles, rockets and associated ground systems. Some of the achievements of ISRO over the years has been launch of satellites Aryabhata, Bhaskara, Rohini, INSAT series, IRS, etc. ISRO has also been the key organization behind the development of satellite launch vehicles like the PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle), GSLV (Geosyncronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) etc. This in a nutshell has been ISRO’s role in the Indian Satellite industry. All VSAT’s service providers in the country have been using the INSAT series of satellites on the ext. C band to provide data, voice and video services. However, the scenario has changed a little, and the Ku band is also commercially available to VSAT service providers. The government is also talking of allowing foreign satellites to be used by VSAT service providers. 3.2 What are the regulatory bodies that govern VSAT Service providers? The various bodies that govern the VSAT Service providers and lays down rules & norms to be followed by them are: a) TRAI: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India TRAI is an autonomous governing body that lays down guidelines & recommendations to DOT on policy making. However weather these inputs are followed by DOT is at the discretion of DOT. However TRAI is not a body that is directly involved in governing any service providers. b) DOT: Department Of Telecommunication DOT has a role in policy making, licensing and co ordination of matters related to telegraphs, telephones, wireless, data, facsimile and telematic services and other forms of communication. In addition DOT is responsible for frequency management in the field of radio communication in close coordination with international bodies. It also enforces wireless regulatory measures for wireless transmissions by wireless users in the country. c) WPC: Wireless Planning & Coordination wing WPC is a part of DOT created in 1952 under the Ministry of Communications, is the national radio regulatory authority responsible for frequency spectrum management, including licensing and caters to the need of all wireless users in the country government or private, security or non-security. It is also the national nodal agency for all matters related to ITU (International Telecommunications Union) and the Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT) and is responsible for treaty obligations on behalf of the Government of India. It also exercises the statutory functions of the Central


29

Government and issues licences to establish, maintain and operate wireless stations as well as possess, develop and deal in wireless equipment in the country. d) SACFA: Standing Advisory Committee on Frequency Allocation The Standing Advisory Committee on Frequency Allocations (SACFA) is a high level committee chaired by secretary (DOT)/Chairman, Telecom Commission. Heads of major wireless users/administrative ministries of the govt. of India, Member (Technology), Telecom Commission, and Wireless Adviser to the govt. of India, Joint Secretary, DOT are its members. WPC wing of the ministry of communications provides secretariat help to the committee. Joint Wireless Adviser, WPC wing is the member-secretary of the committee. The main functions of the committee are to make recommendations on:

• Major frequency allocation issues, • Formulation of National Frequency Allocation Plan, • Making recommendations on various issues related to International

Telecommunications Union (ITU) • Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT), • To sort out the problems referred to the committee by various wireless users,

siting clearance of all wireless installations in the country, etc. SACFA clearances are issued after getting 'no objection' from various SACFA members who have to carry out detailed technical evaluation including field surveys, etc. at times they have to obtain evaluations from their field units. The technical evaluation is done primarily for: a) Aviation hazards. b) Obstruction to line of site of existing/planned networks c) Interference (Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI)/Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC)) to existing and proposed networks. 3.3 What are the regulations governing in India? (Past & Present Scenarios). a) The new guidelines indicate that the 64 Kbps barrier has been removed and one

can operate till 512 Kbps. This is a boon for the end customer, as the customer would have had to buy a pair of satellite modems for every 64 Kbps which he need not buy, this helps the customer by reducing on hardware investments & the operator to provide, optimum cost effective solution.

b) The new license would be issued for 20 years, with renewals for another 10

years. This is a new opening, from the present situation of renewals every five years.

c) Interconnection of terrestrial data lines of a public nature such as internet/INet &

other media is permitted for redundancy purposes. d) Interconnectivity with CUGs, between networks of other VSATs, terrestrial data

lines leased by customers of VSAT, overseas office of CUGs, VAN (Value Added Network) will be permitted on a case to case basis. This is a major disadvantage as this is being very restrictive and not moving ahead from the present policy. PSTN connectivity is still not allowed.


30

e) Voice will be permitted (however the restriction remains that voice will be strictly restricted to the CUG only), no change, hence interconnection of voice over different media is still a problem.


31

4. Transition of Narrow Band to Broad Band over satellite 4.1 What is a Narrow band? Narrow Band is a term coined to refer any kind of a wide area network communication technology, which allows data transfer in speeds varying from 1 – 256 Kbps. 4.2 What is a Broad band? Broad Band is a term coined to refer to any kind of a wide area network communication technology, which allows data transfer speeds varying from 2 Mbps and above. 4.3 What is the need of Broad band over VSATs? The general feeling is that with the advent of various terrestrial technologies such as Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, DSL, ADSL etc., satellite technology or rather VSATs are being pushed more & more toward very niche areas & will disappear over a period of time. Hence the need for Broad Band over VSATs. 4.4. The growth path of VSAT’s.

Listed below is some of the most significant research activities, which are going on to create a new generation satellite technology, which in many respects, is far superior to any terrestrial technology of today or tomorrow. Satellite Equipment and usage are becoming more and more Internet friendly. Which means, bandwidth and speed would be the key factors. Enterprises today, increasingly needs to distribute media-rich IP-based content in a cost-effective and reliable manner that offer uniform service to geographically dispersed sites. The coming years would see the usage of high-bandwidth IP applications such as Video, Web browsing, Web Casting, Digital Business TV and Interactive Distance Learning. At the same time, the thin route applications, such as credit and debit verifications, point-of-sale, ATM, ERP and inventory management would be used extensively in business. Thus, there is a need for high-speed services to provide high quality integrated digital video solution co-existing with low-bandwidth data networks. In the next couple of years, satellites would be required to support high-speed networks and also provide bandwidth-on-demand. Subsequently, more advanced technology in satellites will provide on-board digital processing, packet switching and spot-beam technology to offer single-hop connectivity. Interfaces would be provided to a variety of end-user equipment such as telephones, facsimiles, personal computers, video monitors and a wide range of terrestrial transmission standards such as ATM, ISDN, Frame Relay, TCP/IP and X.25. The major trends in Satellite design:

• Use of higher frequency bands such as Ka Band (in the frequency of 30 - 40 Giga Hertz) for higher throughput.


32

• 90+ transponders configured as payload (versus 18 transponders on INSAT Series).

• More onboard power, in excess of 15 Kilowatts, which will reduce the antenna size and radio power on VSATs, thus reducing their costs.

• The new satellites will be 5 - 6 times more cost-effective than the present state-of-the-art satellites taking into account the satellite power, higher bandwidth, extended life of the satellite and dividing them by the cost.

• The new breed of communications satellites will cater to high bandwidth applications such as Digital TV Broadcasts, Global Private Networks and Video Distribution. The down - linking & up-linking speeds will be about 400 Mbps & 4 Mbps respectively, not available on any other medium today.

• Provision for a high level of redundancy (both at the transponder & satellite level).

The above-mentioned have been taken up with the Government of India so that the New Telecom Policy (NTP) 1999 maybe modified to include the following: • The use of satellites for broad band networks, including Ka Band (30 - 40 GHz) • The use of satellites for thin-route data applications and high speed Internet

broadcast and multicasting (which the terrestrial lines cannot do efficiently). • Digital Video Broadcast.

• The use of satellites for Village Telephony, for fast and low cost deployment. • Convergence of Wireless access and Cable Television Technologies.


33

5. Product Introduction

5.1 What are the services we have been offering? Our product offerings are based on Scientific-Atlanta’s technology (now VIASAT). Scientific Atlanta is a US based company who was in the business of providing various Satellite solutions to service providers. The communication division has been sold off to ViaSat in the last few months. BBNL has a 11 Mtr Ext C Band Antenna installed at Whitefield at Bangalore which is used to provide the services of TDMA, DAMA and PAMA based on the SA / ViaSat Platform. a. PAMA/DAMA The PAMA/DAMA product is sold under the brand name Skylinx Series 8000. This is a VSAT system that consists of the following subsystems: a) 3.8 meter antenna b) 5 watt ORU (Outdoor Radio Unit) this is fitted on to the antenna c) Indoor Unit (IDU) – this consists of a 4 slot RF/IF chassis, an ORU handler card

that is responsible to control the ORU. The ORU handler card sits on the RF chassis the physical connection between the outdoor radio unit & the indoor unit happens via an IFL cable (Inter Facility Link).

d) DCU/VCU (Data Channel Unit/Voice Channel Unit) this is nothing but a card, which sits on the RF/IF chassis. This card is then inturn connected to your networking equipment that can be a router, switch, telephone system, multiplexer etc.

b. TDM/TDMA Our TDMA product is sold under the brand name Sky Relay 3000 series. This is a VSAT system that consists of the following subsystems: a) 1.8 Mtr antenna b) 2.5 watt ORU c) DPU Data Processing Unit which consists of the mod & de mod cards. You can use

an EI LAN card & terminate the DPU directly on a Ethernet port or you can terminate on to a router port.

d) IFL Cable that connects the DPU to the ORU. 5.2. What have our target segments been and the customers we have acquired? We have been offering our shared hub VSAT services on the Scientific Atlanta / ViaSat platform for the last 5 years & have been very focused in the corporate solutions market. Our major strong hold has been the FMCG & manufacturing segments. The primary focus Customers we have acquired over the last 5 years are mainly in the Manufacturing and FMCG Segment. A list of existing customers with their application is provided below :


34

No Customer Name Operation Type Application

1 Godrej & Boyce

Manufacturing BAAN

2 International Distilleries (India) Ltd.

Distillery On-line

3 BPL Limited

Manufacturing Remote Login

4 G P T L Manufacturing Remote Login 5

Calcom Vision Manufacturing BAAN

6 Geometric Software & Services Ltd.

Software Services Remote login / transfer

7 Godrej GE Appliances

Manufacturing Remote Login

8 Essar Cellphone Telecom Billing /Customer Care

9 GE Medical Systems Manufacturing Remote Login 10 Trans-World Shipping Shipping Data 11

ESCOTEL Limited Telecom Billing /Customer Care

12 Cadburys India Ltd. Manufacturing SAP

13 Wipro Infotech Limited

Distribution Symix

14 Amar Ujala Publication Broadcast 15

JTM Cellphone Limited (Now Bharti Mobile)

Telecom Billing /Customer Care

16 NALCO Mfg. / Mining Data & Voice 17 Sundaram Finance Manufacturing Data and Voice 18

Heinz Manufacturing Data

19 India Glycol’s Ltd. Manufacturing Voice, Applications

20 SKF Bearings Manufacturing On-line and batch traffic 21

SmithKline Beecham Mfg./ Distribution On-line and Batch

22 Express Media Services Publication Batch 23

Microsoft Corporation Services On-line and Voice

24 ITC Limited Manufacturing SAP

25 Bharat Petroleum (BPCL) Mfg./ Distribution On-line, Batch

26 Vam Organics Manufacturing BAAN

27 MRF Manufacturing Voice & Data

28 Zuari Agro Manufacturing Voice & Data


35

29 Rhone Poulenc

Pharmaceutical On-line Data

30 Numaligarh Refineries Manufacturing Data

31 Allied Domecq

Manufacturing Data (SCALA)

32 Ranbaxy

Manufacturing SAP

33 PWC

Consultancy Lotus Notes/Voice

35 LG Electronics

Mfg./Distribution Billling/mails

5.3 Key market drivers for customers deploying VSAT’s. • Quick deployment • Lack of DOT infrastructure • Centralized monitoring & control • Easy upgradability • Applications i.e. Data/Voice • Distance insensitivity • Quality of Service The above-mentioned factors have been some reasons behind the success of VSATs. However in today’s scenario where contemporary technologies like ATM, Frame Relay, Fiber Optics, VPN’s have caught on & VSATs are seemingly looking more & more expensive hence our answer to them is SKY BLASTER.


36

PART-2


37

CONTENTS

S.no Particulars 1. Introduction. 2. Installation & Configuration of TDMA 3. Procedure for Realignment of Antenna for Sr. 4000 4. Procedure for debugging & testing & replacement of the hardware 5. Procedure for configuring TDMA SR3000 DPU 6. Procedure for Realignment of Antenna for Sr. 3000 7. Procedure for debugging & testing & replacement of the hardware 8. TDMA VSAT Installation Requirements 9. Procedure for installation & use of PMT software for Sr.8000 Chassis 10. Procedure for Installation & Configuration of Data Channel Unit 11. Procedure for Downloading Software Files for Data Channel Unit 12. Procedure for Installation & Configuration of RF Subsystem Unit 13. PAMA/DAMA VSAT Installation Requirement 14. Antenna\Chassis Grounding 15. Recommendation


38

Introduction 1.2 What is this document? The document has been created that tells us about VSAT installation and commissioning of TDMA and PAMA platforms. This document will help people who are on the field, a quick reference to issues that are not easily understandable. It is a more practical document that will give you information on your fingertips. And, would let you know all that you wanted to know about VSAT installation and commissioning of TDMA and PAMA platforms, its uses, its applications. 1.2 What will a reader find in this document? This is a base document designed for our entire team. This will explain installation and commissioning of TDMA and PAMA platforms is? This document will also cover the Satellite concepts & basics. It will also give an understanding of various installations and commissioning of VSAT technologies. 1.3 What doesn’t this document cover? The document doesn’t cover the any comparison with other existing telecommunication mediums. That is being addressed, and a separate document is being prepared for the same.


39

INSTALLATION & COMMISSIONING SR-4000

REQUIREMENTS 1. P.C. 2. Install Boy ( IBOY ) Software Version 2.3 3. IBOY Cable 4. Multi meter 5. Interfacility link(IFL) test cable (RG-8/RG-6/RG-11) , connector and crimping

tool. 6. Skypeaker kit 7. Async DPU -15pin (M) to 25-pin (F) (DPU to DTE) cable. 1.1 HUB Engineer's Activities include: 1. Load Site in Data base. - Obtain Site ID (Address) - Site Co-ordinates 2. Confirm Power & Timing 3. Provide Site Information to Installer 4. Commission the Site 5. Confirm End -to End Communications Check 1.2 Installer Activities 1. Install Site 2. Obtain Site Info for IBOY Template - Site ID, Lat / Long. , O/L, R/L Freq’s, SOF, MODEC Type 3. Program PAD/RCC 4. Peak Dish (Enable / Disable Pointing) 5. Observe TX burst and RCC Field engineer should provide the following things before commissioning so as to enable the shift engineer to configure the site in the database. 1. Lat & Long of the site. 2. DPU type (SR-4000 or SR -3000) 3. Details of the pad port /lan port configuration desired. 4. Return link to be used. 5. Addressing scheme (Ip , x.25 addresses etc) customer is using or wish to use. 1.3 HUB engineer will provide the following to the installer 1. SOF ---- Start of Frame 2. SITE ID 3. O/L, R/L Frequencies


40

1.4 COMMISSIONING DETAILS 1. CONFIGURATION OF D.P.U. 1.1 Executing the program 1.2 Selecting a pre-configured file or configure a new file - to load the configuration. 2. POINTING OF ANTENNA 3. COMMISSIONING OF THE D.P.U.

Loading the install program The install program is contained in a floppy Disk and the steps are: 1.Insert the floppy Disk in the PC Disk Drive At the DOS prompt, type:

md \Install < Enter> cd \ Install < Enter > copy a:\*.* < Enter >

Remove the floppy disk from a :\ drive

Connecting the PC to SR - 4000 DPU In order to allow the P.C. (Personal Computer) to program the D.P.U., the two must be properly connected by the following steps: - 1. The Cable should be connected from the active COM-PORT on the P.C. to the

service port on the D.P.U. For the cable connection pl see the connection diagram attached in the annexure-B.

2. To run the IBOY Software, do the following things c:\Install > sa < Enter > A Screen is displayed, showing a main menu of four options across the top of the screen. 2. Also it is necessary to ensure the correct Comm. Port and Default Directory are specified . This is accomplished in the following manner. Using the arrow Keys , cycle across the main menu and highlight the < SETUP> option on the menu bar and press < Enter> 2.2 Press the <Esc> key to return to the main menu .

Selecting and Opening a Site Configuration File With the cursor highlight on the <File> option , press the < Enter> key to display the pull down menu . Arrow down to the < Open> option & press the < Enter> key {A LIST OF SITES WILL BE DISPLAYED} Move the cursor highlight to the desired site & press < Enter> A complete configuration file for the selected site will be displayed.

1.5 Creating a New SR - 4000 Site Configuration File A remote site DPU must be programmed with the correct configuration information or it will not communicate with the HUB. This information is stored on a site


41

configuration file unique to the site you are programming .One way to access this information is to create a new file 1. At the DOS Command prompt, go into sub-directory Install by cd Install < Enter

> 2. Type sa 3. Using the arrow keys, highlight the <File > option on the menu bar and press <

Enter> 4. Using the down arrow key , highlight < NEW > and press < Enter > 5. Fill in the desired values in all fields except TCF & the three-antenna pointing

angles .Use the < Enter > key or arrow keys to move between fields.

* MODEC TYPE = V5 ** * K VALUE =7 * MOD TYPE = QPSK * SWEEP MODE = ON * LNB LO FREQ = 5950 * DESPREAD = OFF * ANT SCALE = 1 * TRANSPONDER LO FREQ = 2225

* TCF PARAMETER = Calculated using F3 * SOF = As told by HUB engineer * ORU POWER = 160 ( For Example ) - as told by HUB engineer ** The Modec type will be :- V5 for SR-4000 operating in stand-alone (TDMA only) mode V5V for SR-4000 operating in hybrid mode (with SR-8000 DAMA Cassis) V5.5 for SR-3000 6. Press <F3> to Calculate. The tcf, Polarisation, Azimuth & Elevation will be Calculated & displayed in the respective fields. 7. Press < F1> and type in the Site Name. 8. Press < Enter> and the file will now be saved to the default directory.

1.6 SR - 4000 DPU POINTING MODE ( FOR FINAL ANTENNA ALIGNMENT )

The site configuration file has been opened and the site install Utility screen is displayed . If you have already used the <F4> Key to erase and the <F2> Key to download the file , skip to step 3

Check that the IFL Cable is Connected to the MODEC card Connect A.C. Power The D.P.U. Will reset itself as indicated by LEDs of the

PAD / RCC rear panel indicators in various sequences . Connect P.C. to the D.P.U. Select & Open the desired Site Configuration File. Press the <F4> key to erase any existing information record from the PAD / RCC

EEPROM in the DPU. On the SR- 4000 wait for the PAD / RCC to reboot. ** Note : ORU fault LED should turn normal (not red) when erase operation

is successfully completed. Press <F7> to enable pointing.

** NOTE : <F7> toggles between enable /disable pointing . Write down the look angle values ( Azimuth , Elevation ) Final antenna alignment may now be performed , the antenna alignment that is to be

performed has the following steps : - At this point MODEC Rx LED will turn from RED to GREEN .If this is not , you

have to align the Antenna in the right Direction .


42

After removing the Cap from the auxiliary Connector Check with the help of multi meter the voltage it is receiving .This will indicate received Signal Strength. Gently rotate the Antenna back & forth a few degrees to the left or right of its current position and observe the needle on the meter . As the signal strength increases or decreases , the needle will move accordingly & will “ lock -up ” to the peak Voltage which is monitored by you. This voltage should lie between + 3.5 to +4.5 V. The main thing is that at the DPU the Eb/No received should be at least 11db for any site.

1.7 COMMISSIONING OF SR - 4000 SITE

If the final antenna alignment procedure is completed, proceed as follows

Once a site configuration file has been created/loaded , you are ready to commission the site 1. Ensure that the proper site configuration file is displayed on the Screen . 2. Press <F4> to erase any existing configuration from the PAD/RCC EEPROM on

the SR -4000 3. Wait till the ORU FAULT LED is off . ** Note : If transmission error occurs on the laptop screen , check comm.

port set-up and cable connection .

4. Press the <F2> key to download the new Configuration File .At this Point , the MODEC Rx light on the D.P.U. Should turn from RED to GREEN .

5. Press <F5> to send a Commissioning request to the HUB.

6. NOC operators will receive an egg within a few minutes. Call the NOC to ensure that they have received the commissioning request (egg) at HUB . 7. Now the HUB Engineer will respond to a Commission request for the site , the PAD & RCC lights on the DPU panel should turn from RED to GREEN. 8. In addition , the MODEC Tx light should begin to blink green . 9. In the end , the HUB Engineer will co-ordinate with the CS Engineer to Commission the Site . 10. HUB engineer will make sure that the site is receiving Eb/No 14 dB for primary sites (on 1.8m). 12 dB for secondary sites (on 1.8m) from the hub. Also he will make sure that from remote site, hub is receiving the Average power (Es/No for SR-3000) of around 12 dB. The ALC reference is adjusted according to it the configuration as required. 11. Field engineer will establish an async call with the NMS and confirm the both way communication with the hub. If few parameters do not match due to any hardware or site-specific reasons but the critical operational parameters are met, the site is classified as “PRE-COM” (Pre-Commissioned) with the approval of NOM.

If few of the critical parameters do not match but the customer requirement is urgent, the site is classified as “TEMP-COM” (Temporary Commissioned) with the approval of NOM and GM (Technical).


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1.8 PAD /RCC Parameters Connector : 15 pin D connector Physical : DTE No. of Ports : 6 Electrical Interface : RS -232 IFL Cable Parameters DPU IFL port connector : N -type Female SR_4000 Cable Cable loss Recommended max. cable length RG - 8 - U(Rx) 12 dB/100 mtrs 110 mtrs (Tx) 17 dB/100 mtrs RG - 213 (Tx) 20dB /100 mtrs (Rx) 32 dB / 100 mtrs 70 mtrs RG-217 (Tx) 12 dB/100 mtr 100 mtrs (Rx) 21 dB/100 mtr SR-3000 Cable Cable loss Recommended max cable length (Tx side) RG-11 6 dB/100ft 350 ft. RG-6 8 dB/100ft 250 ft. RG-59 13 dB/100ft 150 ft.


44

Procedure for Realignment of Antenna for Sr. 4000

The site configuration file has been opened and the site install Utility screen is displayed . If you have already used the <F4> Key to erase and the <F2> Key to download the file , skip to step 3

Check that the IFL Cable is Connected to the MODEC card Connect A.C. Power The D.P.U. Will reset itself as indicated by LEDs of the

PAD / RCC rear panel indicators in various sequences . Connect P.C. to the D.P.U. Select & Open the desired Site Configuration File. Press the <F4> key to erase any existing information record from the PAD / RCC EEPROM in the DPU. On the SR- 4000 wait for the PAD / RCC to reboot. ** Note : ORU fault LED should turn normal (not red) when erase operation is successfully completed. Press <F7> to enable pointing. ** NOTE : <F7> toggles between enable /disable pointing .

Write down the look angle values ( Azimuth , Elevation ) Final antenna alignment may now be performed , the antenna alignment that is to be

performed has the following steps : - At this point MODEC Rx LED will turn from RED to GREEN .If this is not , you

have to align the Antenna in the right Direction . After removing the Cap from the auxiliary Connector Check with the help of multi meter the voltage it is receiving .This will indicate received Signal Strength. Gently rotate the Antenna back & forth a few degrees to the left or right of its current position and observe the needle on the meter . As the signal strength increases or decreases , the needle will move accordingly & will “ lock -up ” to the peak Voltage which is monitored by you. This voltage should lie between + 3.5 to +4.5 V. The main thing is that at the DPU the Eb/No received should be at least 11db for any site.


45

Procedure for debugging & testing & replacement of the hardware

The fault diagnoses is done on the basis of indications on LED display of DPU

DPU LED FRONT PANEL INDICATORS Tx LED RED At least one component in the MODEC transmit chain is not operating normally ; operator should consult MODEC status Window GREEN MODEC transmit chain is operating normally AND modulator is currently burst - transmitting . Rx LED RED At least one component in the MODEC receive chain is not operating normally ; operator should consult MODEC status sub window GREEN MODEC receive chain operating normally PAD RED PAD software is not functioning normally ; operator should consult PAD / RCC status Sub window. YELLOW Remote PAD is currently running from executable code stored in the boot ROM ; RPAD Code & Configuration data have not yet been downloaded from the HUB. GREEN PAD Software is functioning normally. RCC RED RCC Software is not functioning normally ; Operator should Consult PAD / RCC Status Sub window . YELLOW RCC is currently running from executable code stored in the boot RAM ; RCC code & configuration data have not yet been downloaded from the HUB. GREEN RCC Software is functioning normally ORU FAULT RED ORU has failed ; Operator should Consult the ORU Status Sub window

YELLOW ORU is marginal or impaired in some aspect of its operation GREEN ORU is Operational


46

MODEC RED A fault has been detected in the transmit and /or receive chain of the MODEC .Operator should consult the MODEC Status sub window . GREEN MODEC operation is normal AND modulator is currently burst Transmitting GRAY Status of the MODEC is indeterminate: a loss of Communication with the site makes it impossible to determine the functionality of the MODEC.


47

ANNEXURE - A

PIN CONFIGURATION (Dpu - 15 pin to DB-25 pin RS-232 connection)

1 12 23456789111215

34567820151724

123

4& 5678

1

23

82074 & 5

91215

615

17

DPU TO DCE

DD15 - M DB 25 - M

DPU TO DTE

DD 15 -M DB 25 -F


48

ANNEXURE - B

IBOY CABLE PIN OUT DIAGRAM The following diagrams illustrate the proper pin-outs for the PC - DPU IBOY Connector Cable.

R J 4 5 D B - 9F E M A L ED B -9F E M A L E

D B - 9 C o n n e c to r

B la c k

Y e llo w

R e d

T x

G N D

R x

3

4

6

2

5

3

7 8

4 6

DPU end

R J -4 5 D B -2 5F E M A L E

6

4

3 3

7

2

4

6 2 0

5T X

G N D

R X

B la c k

Y e llo w

R e d

D B -2 5 C o n n e c to r

DPU END


49

Procedure for configuring TDMA SR3000 DPU Step 1: Installing IBOY software: The installation BOY (IBOY) program utility is contained on a diskette supplied by us. It is used in a personal computer (PC) to program the Digital Processing Unit (DPU) in the filed during remote site installation and / or maintenance activities. Note: If you have already installed IBOY software on PC, skip step 1 & Go to step 2. Otherwise follow step 1. To load the program for the first time:

(1) Switch on Windows 95/98 PC and press F8 to start a DOS prompt. (2) Go to root directory, the prompt will appear as C:\> (3) Create an IBOY subdirectory on which to install the software and copy the

contents of the IBOY program by typing: C:\> md iboy <Enter> C:\> cd iboy <Enter> C:\iboy> copy a:\*.* <Enter>

(4) Remove the IBOY floppy disk when the copy is complete. (5) To execute the IBOY software, type:

C:\iboy>sa <Enter>

(6) The following title screen should be displayed:

Note : Use iboy software 2.4 version only for configuring SR3000 DPU.

Step 2: Connect PC to the SR3000 DPU In order to allow PC (or Laptop) to program the DPU with its correct configurations, the two must be properly connected by the following steps:


50

1. The iboy cable should be connected from the Active Com port slot on the PC to the service port on the DPU as shown in the diagram below:

DPU (rear panel) SERVICE PORT (RJ45/UTP)

COM 1 IBOY CABLE

2. After connecting the iboy cable from the PC to the DPU, it is necessary to ensure that the correct Comm. port and default Directory are specified. This is accomplished in the following manner:

Using the arrow keys, cycle across the main menu and highlight the <setup> option on the menu bar and press <Enter> The following prompts should be displayed:

To make any necessary changes: Enter new values by using <Backspace> key to ensure the old value, then type in the new value. Press <Enter> to go to the next field. Press the <Esc> key to return to the main menu. Note: All new configurations will be saved to the default directory specified. Step 3: Create A new SR3000 site configuration file A remote site DPU must be programmed with the correct configuration or it will not communicate with the hub. This information is stored on a site

PC PAD


51

configuration file unique to the site you are programming. One way to access this information is to create a new file. 1. Using the down arrow key highlight <New> and press <Enter>.

The following screen should be displayed:


52

2. Fill in the common values in the fields replacing the fields which were

automatically filled as shown below:

Use the <Enter> key or arrow keys to move between fields.

3. Fill in the values given by HUB in all remaining fields except TCF and the

three antenna pointing angles. Note: the following values you will get it from HUB, SITE NAME: ADDRESS: SITE LAT: SITE LONG: OL (RX) Freq:

RL (TX) Freq:


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4. Fill in the desired values as shown below

(eg.):

5. Press F3 to calculate. The TCF, Azimuth, Elevation and Polarization, will

now be displayed in the appropriate fields as shown below:


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6. Press F1 and type in the Site Name and press <Enter> and the file will now saved to the default directory as shown below:

Step 4: Open existing configuration 1. With the cursor highlight on the <File> option, press the <Enter> key to

display the pull-down menu shown below:


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2. Arrow down to the <Open> option and press the <Enter> key.

A list of sites will be displayed as shown. Move the cursor highlight to the desired site and press <Enter> as shown below:

3. A complete configuration file for the selected site will be displayed as shown in the following example:


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Step 5: Commission SR3000 site. Once the site configuration file has been created, you are ready to commission the site.

1. Ensure that the proper site configuration file is displayed on the iboy screen by following the procedures outlined in step 3 & 4.

** Note: If transmission error occurs on the PC screen, check Comm. port setup and cable connection. Refer trouble-shooting guide if you are unable to correct the error. 2. Press <F4> to erase any existing configuration from the PAD/RCC EPROM on

the SR3000 DPU. Wait for PAD/RCC to reboot. This will take approx. 50 seconds. During this time The DPU PAD light display on the DPU will cycle through 1-9. Upon completion of this reboot, the PAD will display a big “U”.

3. Press <F2> to download the new configuration file.

4. The MODEM display on the DPU may change to numeric code, or with the

poter segment rolling clockwise to indicate the search for a carrier lock, or the horizontal segments may begin to step up and step down to indicate the MODEM is waiting for a sweep message:

MODEM

SKYRELAY PAD

MODEM

U


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Procedure for Realignment of Antenna for Sr. 3000

1. Press <F7> to enable pointing. ** Note: <F7> toggle between enable/disable pointing. 2. Final antenna alignment may now be performed. 3. Remove Tx IFL cable at ORU end and connect Multi meter with 0-20 VDC

range and start peaking antenna till you get pointing voltage. 4. As soon as you get the Pointing voltage, mark the position of Azimuth and

Elevation rod and start fine-tuning of all the three angles to achieve max. pointing voltage ( > 8 VDC).

** Note: After getting pointing voltage, the MODEM light display on the DPU will immediately display a big “P”.

5. After getting max. Pointing voltage, remove the Tx IFL cable from Multimeter

and re-attach it directly to the ORU. 6. Return to the IBOY program and press <F7> to DISABLE POINTING.

7. Now site is ready for commission.

8. Press <F5> (at least 5 times simultaneously) to send a commissioning

request to the hub. The PAD display on the DPU should now have a small “u” as shown.

SKYRELAY PAD

MODEM

U

P

SKYRELAY PAD

MODEM

u

.


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9. The MODEM display may respond with the numeric code, or with chase lights going clockwise with an occasional numeric code. HUB operations will receive the egg within a few minutes after the MODEM display has gone blank. Call the HUB to ensure they have received the egg.

10. After the first operation of download is completed, the small “u” will change to

a “P” for pending download, possibly followed by numeric code.

11. Once the site has been completely downloaded with code and configuration

software, the “P” will be replaced by “0” (followed by other digits like 1 & 2).

PAD -> 12. Call the HUB once completed and check for C/n, Average power and Eb No.

Value and take signoff from HUB accordingly.

SKYRELAY PAD

MODEM

P

SKYRELAY PAD

MODEM

O

O 1 2


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Procedure for debugging & testing & replacement of the hardware The following procedure to be followed while troubleshooting a SR3000 site and it

can also be referred at the time of installation to troubleshoot various problems

during installation. The flowchart contains the brief explanation of the DPU

indications and the related problems.

MODEC LED STATUS INDICATION FAULTS

The normal “ no fault” state for the MODEC 7 -segment LED is a blank display. If a fault condition exists, the number assigned to that fault is displayed. Numbers that flag fault conditions are displayed one at a time, in sequence, at one-second intervals. The sequence repeats until no more faults exist. At the time, the display rolls around searching for a valid signal. When a valid signal is found the display turn’s blank, except for a decimal point that flashes whenever a burst is transmitted.

Demodulator turner has faulted. (Hardware fault)

436 MHz oscillator has fault.(Hardware fault)

576 MHz oscillator has fault (hard ware fault)

1663 MHz oscillator has faulted (Hard ware fault)

1600 MHz oscillator has faulted (Hard ware fault)


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32 MHz oscillator has faulted(Hard ware fault)

2.5 Watt Transmitter has faulted.(IFL cable to 2.5 Watt Transmitter may be disconnected or defective ; internal circuitry may have detected fault in Transmitter.)

LNB has faulted. (IFL cable to LNB may be disconnected or defective internal circuitry may have detected fault in LNB).

Demodulator status: No bit sync or no codec sync but carrier okay. (MODEC is receiving an unmodulated carrier. NOTE. This indictor may flash on during test mode).

Demodulator status: No 10 Mhz reference lock. (This indicator may flash on during power up and remain n on for approximately one and a half minutes.)

Modulator fault: Watching timer has expired. (This indicator may flash on during test mode without signifying a hardware fault)

10 MHz reference lock is stuck on, but bit sync or carrier lock is off.(Hardware fault.)


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Bit sync or coded sync on but no carrier lock.

Decimal point illuminates whenever the unit is bursting, is in test mode, or is in continuous mode.

When outer segments roll clockwise smart Sweep is searching for a carrier lock.

When the horizontal segments step up and down, Smart Sweep is waiting for information from the PAD card to confirm the correct outthink signal.

Smart Sweep algorithm is in a holding mode. This message usually implies that some interference(e.g., a rain fade) has caused a loss of carrier.

Antenna pointing mode. PAD Display States During BAT (Basic Assurance Test) Cycle When the SR3000 is turned on the 7-segment led dedicated to the PAD/RCC card tracks the progress of Basic Assurance Tests for the card.. To indicate that BATs are in progress, the decimal point of the 7-segment LED lights up and stays on for the complete


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cycle of tests. Each self-test in the cycle is assigned a number that remains on while that test is in progress. The single exception is that the test for the LED itself is not assigned a number that test is the first in the cycle. When the BAT cycle begins all segments re turned off for a second. Then as each test is performed it is flagged by a lighted number until all BASIC assurance tests are completed only the ram test requires more than ten ot twenty seconds number assignment for the bat cycle are as follows;

PROM CRC test (critical)

End of light test

CPU test (Critical)

RAM test (critical)

RAM test for option RAM when installed and detected by nms (CRITICAL)

ASIC RAM test (critical)

TCF register test (critical)

System Timer Test (Critical)

Watchdog Timer Test (Critical)


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Port test

68302’s 3 SCC test

Battery Back up test.(Only when bench test mode is enable and battery backup test is enabled).

EEPROM Test (only when bench test Mode is enabled and EEPROOM Test is enabled).

Flash memory test. Only when bench test mode is enabled and flash memory test is enabled. If a test passes the next test number is displayed and the BAT cycle continues. If a test fails and the failure is detectable by test software, the test number blinks. The duration of blinking depends on whether a test is critical. For critical tests the number blinks until the unit is reset. For non-critical tests, the number blinks for two to three seconds, after which the next test is performed. The normal display sequence for Basic Assurance Tests is: 0. -> 1.->2.->3. (Or skip 3 if there is no optional RAM installed)->4.->5.->6.-> 7.->8.->9-.> end of BATs cycle. If the Bench Test are enabled, and if Battery Backup Test, and Flash Memory Test are enabled the tests continue to b.->e.->f.


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PAD Display States When in ROM Once the BAT cycle has been completed in the normal operation mode (i.e. not bench test mode), the PAD/RCC displays the following states, using the 7-segment PAD LED.

The RCC’s EEPROM is empty or contains no valid information.

The RCC has been committed by I-BOY and is waiting for the hub to complete commissioning of the site.

The RCC needs a full code and configuration download or a configuration download alone. Note that P does not necessary mean that the PAD/RCC is running in ROM. The PAD/RCC may be running in RAM and need only an RCC configuration download. Since the RCC may be able to communicate with the hub while still in ROM, actual traffic activity may occur in this state. Such traffic is indicated in the PAD display by a decimal point that flashes whenever the RCC receives or transmits either NCS messages or user date. In the absences of traffic, the decimal point is turned off. PAD Display States When in RAM After it has been downloaded with code and configuration data, the PAD/RCC card executes in RAM . In this state, the 7-segment PAD display tracks the status of-- .The card itself .The satellite link (Level 2) .The LAN interface( Ethernet or Token Ring) .Each user port Since the 7-segment LED can display only one status at a time, status for the different components is displayed sequentially . The sequence is: RCC status -> satellite link status-> LAN interface status -> user


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port 1 status -> user port 2 status -> user port 3 status -> user port 4 status (followed by status for user ports 5 through 12 in that order, if the 8- port Expander Card is used) Since status indicators must be number or letters, 0 through 9 are used, followed by A through E. These indicators are assigned to components as follows: Indicator component O/P RCC Summary Status/Configuration download needed 1 Satellite LINK (Level 2) 2 LAN interface (Ethernet or Token Ring) 3 USER port 1 4 User Port 2 5 User Port 3 6 User Port 4 7 User Port 5 8 User Port 6 9 User Port 7 A User Port 8 B User Port 9 C User Port 10 D User Port 11 E User Port 12 When a number is displayed, the status is good. For example, a display of 0 indicates that no fault has occurred in the RCC, while a display of 3 indicates that User Port 1 is logically up.(As shown above, RCC status may P indicating that the RCC needs a configuration download.) If the port is down or not configured, the number associated with the port is not displayed-i.e. the status of that port is skipped in the display sequence. Each status display sequence persists for one second, to be followed by the next status in the sequence. The complete sequence repeats forever. PAD Display States for Traffic Activity Once the RCC is able to communicate with the hub, traffic activity is tracked by a flashing decimal point in the 7-segment PAD LED. The decimal point flashes whenever the RCC receives or transmits either NCS messages or user data. In the absence of traffic, the decimal point is turned off.


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TDMA VSAT INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1. Equipment storage facility to be made available (size – 10’ Height X 5’ Width X 10’ Depth) on

the ground. 2. The area required for TDMA antenna installation is 15 ‘ X 15 ‘(Includes space for working on

the antenna). 3. The total weight of the antenna assembly with ballast stones would be 750 kgs. Structural

clearance from the civil engineers to be obtained certifying the load bearing capacity of the building.

4. Landlord permission to be obtained for the installation of antenna. 5. No obstructions on the South & Southeast direction where the antenna reflector would be

pointing. 6. The distance between the antenna location and the indoor unit should not exceed 90

meters. This is the limitation of the IFL (Inter Facility link) cable connecting the indoor unit with the outdoor unit.

7. Online UPS of 1 KVA rating to be provided for the VSAT Indoor unit (DPU). 8. UPS power points, 5A/15A (3 nos.) to be made available where the indoor unit is installed. 9. The earth to neutral voltage should not be more than 2 V. 10. Separate earth pit to be made available for the grounding of the antenna. 11. Air conditioner to be available in a dust free room where the Indoor unit(CHASSIS WITH

CHANNEL UNIT) is placed. 12. PC with serial port in order to configure the DPU units. 13. Access to the rooftop for installation and fault management. DPU specifications (Indoor Unit Specifications)

a) Power Supply Input Voltage : 90-260 Vac /180-264 Vac Input frequency : 47-63 Hz Input Voltage Selection : Automatic

b) Power Requirements Input Power : 350 VA maximum Power Consumption : 250 W

c) Environmental Indoor Unit Operating Temperature : 0 deg to 50 deg C Outdoor Unit Operating


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Temperature : -40 deg to +55 deg C

d) Mechanical Indoor Unit : 09.52 cms(3.75 inches) Height, 43.48 cms(17.12 inches) Length,

38.73 cms ( 15.25 inches) Depth.

e) Weight Specification: Total Weight Distributed in 10’x10’ is 700 kg including Ballast weight


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Procedure for installation & use of PMT software for Sr.8000 Chassis Step 1: Installing PMT software: The installation of Portable Maintenance Terminal (PMT) is the local software interface to the SR 8000 chassis, used to access the configurable parameters. The program utility is contained on a diskette supplied by SA. It is used in a personal computer (PC) to program the SR8000 Chassis in the filed during PAMA/SCPC site installation and / or maintenance activities. Note: If you have already installed PMT software on PC, skip step 1 & Go to step 2. Otherwise follow step 1 to install software files and directories needed to run the PMT software. To load the program for the first time:

1. Switch on Windows 95/98 PC and press <F8> key to start a DOS prompt. ** Note: The installer requires DOS 6.0 or higher. If you do not have DOS 6.0 or higher, you must abort this installation using Ctrl-C. Otherwise.

2. Go root directory, the prompt will appear as C:\> 3. Insert the disk: 1 of 3 in drive A and run the PMT installation program as

follows.

C:\> cd a: <Enter> A:\> pmtinst new pmt <Enter> C:\iboy> copy a:\*.* <Enter>

4. Now press key to continue.

You will prompted with following, Have you read the Read_Me.TXT file that is included on this diskette? (Y, N)? …. type: Y Are you installing from drive A: or drive B: (A, B)… type: A A new PMT installation will be done in the root directory C:\pmt Press Ctrl-C to cancel or Press any key to continue. . The installer can optionally install a copy of the PWARE compression and archival utilities in your c:\DOS directory. Would you like a copy of these utilities (Y, N)… type: N


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(5) It will automatically start installing files…. then after loading disk: 1 of 3, Please remove the diskette in drive A: and insert the diskette labeled Disk: 2 of 3 Press any key to continue. . . then after loading disk: 2 of 3, Skylinx. DDS PMT v X.X.X installation Complete! C:\>

Stop – you have completed this procedure

Step 2: Starting Up the PMT:

1. Connect the PMT cable one-end male connector on the SR8000 Chassis rear panel to either connector J6 or J8 (labeled “SAbusII”) parallel ports and other 9-pin female connector to the PMT Laptop or PC 9-pin male serial port .

** Note: The PMT laptop/PC must have its serial port configured as COM1 in order to run the PMT software correctly.


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2. If not at the PMT directory, type:

C:\> cd pmt <Enter> C:\PMT> pmt <Enter>

The power-up screen will appear and will prompt you to wait while the system obtains the device configuration. The Home screen, screen 51, will then appear.

The Home screen is a screen contains three choices, which you can select by highlighting.

• Device List • Download Screen • System Maintenance.

Choosing these items from the list on the home screen displays other screen, which allow you to display and configure certain device parameters at a remote site.


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3. Device configuration/communication summary screen

When you choose Device List from screen 51, the Device List screen (screen 12) appear. Which will provide a list of all devices detected locally (at the chassis to which the PMT is connected); this list allows you to select particular device for configuration or monitoring.

** Note: If you detach the PMT cable from one device, and attach it to another device, you must re-start the PMT software to re-scan the device and obtain and accurate device summary.

4. RF subsystem Screen – 240

If the PMT is connected to a DR8000 chassis with an RF Interface module and you select RF subsystem from the device list on screen 12, the RF Subsystem screen (#240) will appear. This screen allows you to control and monitor the indoor RF electronics and the ORU.


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5. CU Summary Screen – 244

If you select a CU from the device list on screen 12, the CU summary screen (#244) will appear for that channel unit.

From the CU summary screen you can also access the following additional screens: • Software configuration screen (#81) • Parameter configuration screen (#245) and other screens


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6. CU software screen – 81

The CU software configuration screen allows you to change file names before starting downloading, check the software files currently loaded in the CU. Reset the CU, and view the PMT software version currently running.

7. CU parameter configuration screen – 245

The CU parameter configuration screen allows you to configure the parameters of a CU.


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8. Function keys:

To highlight, select any field and to change any parameter/value, press <F6>, <F3>, and <F10> or <Enter> key.


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9. PMT screen organization:


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Procedure for Installation & Configuration of Data Channel Unit

Step 1: Data Channel Unit Installation:

Step 2: Data Channel Unit configuration for PAMA/SCPC:

1. Connect PMT cable to chassis and PMT Laptop/PC and run the software. 2. Using PMT, provision the first CU module (DCU).

3. Using the PMT, go to screen – 244, Status and make Xmitter OFF as shown

below, Xmitter off

4. Go to Pre-Assign Config and put Tx/Rx freqs and Modem Clock mode given by HUB.


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5. Go to Circuit and select Data Enab and make it Enabled.

6. Go to Additional Configuration , Parameter Configuration and put the following values given by HUB,

Mod/FEC: Data Mode: Synchronous Link Rate: Sync Tx Clk: Internal Var. Rate: Sync Rx Clk: Internal

7. Go to Additional Configuration, Software Configuration and put the following

files and if not available with dates then follow the file download procedure and download the following latest files:

Function Filename IMP Controller CU*** . BIN CPL State Machine PAMA*** . BIN


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Digital Modem MD*** . BIN

8. After putting all the required parameters, call up HUB and crosscheck about the same and ask them about switching ON the Xmitter power.


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Procedure for Downloading Software Files for Data Channel Unit Step: Downloading software files for DCU:

1. Go to Additional Configuration, Software Configuration and put the required file names, which are not with dates then follow the file download procedure and download latest file:

Function Filename IMP Controller CU*** . BIN CPL State Machine PAMA*** . BIN Digital Modem MD*** . BIN

2. Go to Screen –244 CU summary screen, Circuit and Disable Data of CU on which you want to download software files.

3. Using PMT, select Download Screen on screen 51, the Software Download screen (#82) will appear.


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This screen will allows you to initiate and monitor software downloads to Channel Units.

3. Configuration Keep File Open Delay as 120 sec.and Inter-File Delay as 60 sec. 4. Go to Operations and select Insert File, select the appropriate directory on

which the file exists eg. MODEM – MD272.BIN…. select file and press <Enter>.

5. Let the download get completed, then go to screen (#81) again and check for

date/Time. If it is there means download is completed for that particular file.

6. Follow the same procedure and download rest of the files needed as shown below.

For PAMA/SCPC: Function Filename IMP Controller CU*** . BIN CPL State Machine PAMA*** . BIN Digital Modem MD*** . BIN For DAMA Voice (Voice Channel unit-VCU) or data (DCU)

Function Filename IMP Controller: CU*** . BIN (eg. CU274.BIN) Digital-to –collect: ***.TXT (HUB Engg. Will down load at the last) CPL State Machine: DPOTS***. BIN Digital Modem: MD*** . BIN Voice CODEC: CDCFX**. IN


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7. Check the software files currently loaded in the CU, reset the CU, and view

the PMT software version currently running.


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Procedure for Installation & Configuration of RF Subsystem Unit

Step 1: RF Subsystem/Interface module Installation:

Step 2: RF Subsystem/Interface module configuration for PAMA/SCPC and DAMA:

1. Connect PMT cable to chassis and PMT Laptop/PC and run the software.

2. Using PMT, select RF subsystem from the device list on screen 12, the RF Subsystem screen (#240) will appear.

This screen allows you to control and monitor the indoor RF electronics and ORU.


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3. Using the PMT, go to Configuration/Control put the values for the following:

Frequency Plan/Type: U/C Center Freq: D/C Center Freq: L: RF: ALC Reference: Gain Control Mode: Manual Gain U/C / D/C Gain:

4. After putting all the required parameters, call up HUB and crosscheck about the same before switching ON the Xmitter (Tx) power.


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PAMA/DAMA VSAT INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

1. Equipment storage facility to be made available (size – 10’ Height X 5’ Width X 10’ Depth) on the ground.

2. The area required for PAMA antenna installation is 25 ‘ X 25 ‘(Includes space for working on the antenna).

3. The total weight of the antenna assembly with ballast stones would be 3000 kgs. Structural clearance from the civil engineers to be obtained certifying the load bearing capacity of the building.

4. Landlord permission to be obtained for the installation of antenna.

5. No obstructions on the South & Southeast direction where the antenna reflector would be pointing.

6. The distance between the antenna location and the indoor unit should not exceed 90 metres. This is the limitation of the IFL (Inter Facility link) cable connecting the indoor unit with the outdoor unit.

7. Online UPS of 1 KVA rating to be provided for the VSAT Indoor unit(CHASSIS WITH CHANNEL UNIT).

8. UPS power points, 5A/15A (3 nos.) to be made available where the indoor unit is installed.

9. The earth to neutral voltage should not be more than 2 V.

10. Separate earth pit to be made available for the grounding of the antenna.

11. Airconditioner to be available in a dust free room where the Indoor unit(CHASSIS WITH CHANNEL UNIT) is placed.

12. UPS Power points, 5A/15A ( 4 nos.) to be made available near the antenna location during physical installation.

13. A dedicated telephone line to be made available near the indoor equipment for connecting the PAMA channel unit to the modem supplied along with the VSAT. This is primarily for the Hub Engineers to login to the channel unit on dial-up for monitoring purposes. This telephone line should have STD facility for fault management purposes. For DAMA VSAT this is not required.

14. PC with serial port for connecting PMT (Portable maintenance terminal) cable to the chassis in order to configure the channel units.

15. Access to the rooftop for installation and fault management.


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Weight Specifications of the VSAT antenna assembly and associated equipment Specs. Weight Specifications:

Antenna with base bracketary : 546 Kgs Centre Mast mount : 450 Kgs Ballast weight : 2500 Kgs max. (Varies according to the wind

velocity zone.) Total Weight : 3496 Kgs.

4 Slot Chassis (Series 8000) specifications (Indoor Unit Specifications)

f) Power Supply Input Voltage : 90-132 Vac /180-264 Vac Input frequency : 47-63 Hz Input Voltage Selection : Automatic

g) Power Requirements Input Power : 350 VA maximum Power Consumption : 250 W

h) Environmental Indoor Unit Operating Temperature : 0 deg to 50 deg C Outdoor Unit Operating Temperature : -40 deg to +55 deg C

i) Mechanical

Indoor Unit : 13.3 cms(5.25 inches) Height, 43.2 cms(17.0 inches)Length, 53.3 cms ( 21 inches) Depth.


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Antenna\Chassis Grounding For safety due to excessive voltages, to protect equipment and to help prevent data errors from electrical currents, every antenna and outdoor Antenna Assembly and indoor unit must be properly grounded. Electrical noise is present wherever electrical equipment is used. Whenever an electrical motor, or other electrical equipment is switched on or off, it generates electrical noise pulses that radiate through the air for considerable distances. Electrical cables used to interconnect computers and data equipment can act as antennas, and pick up these signals. They may appear as voltages at the ends of the cable, frequently at levels higher than the normal signal voltages. Much of the noise is screened out by using electrical shields around the data cables. Electrical noise is picked up by the shield instead of the inner conductors. The shield is connected to electrical ground and bleeds off the induced voltages so they do not affect the signals ( Digital data ,Clocks and control signals ) conducted on the wires inside the cable. Also nearby lightning strikes can also induce large voltages in electrical circuits, including both power and signal cables. These voltages can cause data errors and can damage or destroy the equipments. In case of a direct lightning strike, the grounding will probably not prevent equipment damage, but will protect against fire that might be started by lightning bolt. Grounding Procedure Proper signal grounding can reduce phase noise in ORUs and helps in reducing the unwanted spurious signals . The antenna mast must be grounded, using large-diameter cable and connections, to a separate low-resistance ground system consisting of an 8 foot grounding rod driven in the ground. Connection between the mast and ground ( In star configuration it will be connected to the copper strip ) must be made using NO. 6 copper cable.

. .

. .

COMMON EARTH PIT

Antenna Mast

DPU/CHASSIS

PBX

ROUTERCOPPER STRIP

6 Guage Copper wire

Signal Grounding

As our antennas were also connected to the electrical ground the IFL cable carried this potential difference to the indoor units, which resulted in the interference. This interference was seen in SBCH Calcutta with a oscilloscope ( eye pattern completely merged with noise ).


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Recommendations: • Always use separate grounding (avoid connecting to electrical ground) to the

antenna / equipment due to the reasons discussed above. • Ground all the equipments indoor/outdoor mentioned in the above diagram. • Star configuration in grounding to be used as against ring configuration, ring

config results in complete disconnection of the grounding to all the equipments if a single link breaks.

• Customer needs to be educated about the importance of the grounding and its regular maintenance which include periodical watering of the earth pit, checking the resistance ( Megger is required for this purpose )

• PBX and chassis should have a common ground which will avoid inconsistent voice quality, HUM in the voice channels, abnormal disconnection and sometimes CODEC card failures in the VCU.

• The grounding procedure mentioned above is for signal ground ( earth connected to the antenna mast). The antenna will have optional separate ground ( lightning arrestor connected to a ground ) for lightning protection depending upon the location of the antenna ( antenna placed on high storied building which are more prone to lightning).


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PART 3


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Tips For Customer Interaction

1. Understand the Customer - Identify the mood of the customer. - Listen carefully - Ensure that you have all the facts - Analyze the true meaning of the customer’s words 2. Inform the Customer - Ensure that the customer is informed about the status of the solution that you are working on. - If there is any change in the solution or status inform the customer

3. Delivery of Timely Service - Ensure that time lines are given to the customer - Any time line promised should be realistic - All time lines should be adhered to - In a rare case if there is a delay of any sort, inform the customer well in advance about the delay and fix another time with him.

4. Appreciate the Customer - Look for reasons to appreciate the customer - Build rapport by appreciating the customer 5. Provide Help and Assistance - Listen to the customer problem carefully - Examine all the factors that could have led to this problem - Provide various options to the customer - Share with the customer the best option in the given situation - Follow up with the customer to check if the solution is working for him and if he is satisfied with it. - If you are unable to help the customer then escalate the problem to the right person. - Follow up to ensure that the customer is in the process of getting a solution. 6. Respect - Wish the customer with appropriate greeting. - Never be curt, abrupt or flippant. - Never argue with the customer. - If you have a difference in opinion with the customer, put your point across in a very polite manner without offending the customer. - Express to the customer that he is valuable

7. Comfort - Using the customer’s name at least 4 times during a three minute conversation - Never discount the customer - Summarize the problem to assure that you have understood correctly - Convince the customer that there would not be a problem because of the issue he is facing - Never force the customer to choose a particular option. Explain and convince the customer about the benefits of the option - Do not ridicule the customer even if his awareness level is low


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8. Empathy - Be sensitized to the customers need - Understand the true meaning of the customer’s word - Use ‘please’ & ‘thank you’ during any conversation, on telephone or in person - Use words or phrases appropriate to the mood/feeling of the customer

- Share with the customer action that you would take if the customer is facing a problem

- 9. Flexibility - Never use company policy as an excuse to avoid customization of solutions - Try to take a course of action, which is acceptable to the customer. - Exceed expectation by going out of the way to satisfy a customer 10. Physical Appearance when Visiting the Client Site •The site engineer needs to go to the client site on a regular basis. •Please ensure that you are well turned out because you are the face of Bharti Broadband at that time. Irrespective of the site you are visiting Personal Grooming (For Men) - Hair -Clean, neatly cut, not extending below the ears -Always well combed. -Frequently shampooed. -Kept in place, but not oily - Face -Clean-shaven. No stubble of beard or moustache. -Moustache and beard well trimmed (must look neat) -Teeth clean. - Hands -Regularly washed. -Should be washed after smoking -Nails should be short even length, clean and always well trimmed - Personal Hygiene -Bathe daily and use a deodorant under your arms after bath to avoid body odour. -Mouthwash often and brush teeth twice a day to avoid bad breath. Visit a dentist twice a year. -Smokers should take care to avoid nicotine stains on teeth and hands as well as ‘tobacco breath’. -Avoid the use of cheap perfumes and strong colognes. -Wash your face frequently to appear fresh.

- Clothes -Well-coordinated, conservative colours. -Cream / beige shirts with brown trousers. -Grey / blue shirts with navy blue or grey trousers. -Light coloured shirts with light coloured trousers. -Light coloured shirts with dark coloured trousers. -Proper fitting -Well ironed.


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-No loose ends, threads, open seams or missing buttons at the cuffs or on the shirts 11. When the Customer Calls •To Greet the Customer •-Good morning / afternoon / evening Bharti. My name is _____. How may I help you? •To Place the Customer on Hold • -May I please put you on hold Mr. Sharma while I check that for you. •To Take a Customer Back from Hold • -Thank you for Holding/Waiting/your Patience/ staying on the line. -If the delay has been long, say – I apologize for the delay

•To Transfer the Customer • -I would need to transfer you to Mr. Jain. Could you please hold the line while I transfer your call.” -Mr. Jain, I have Mr. Sharma on the Line who has the following problem….. -Mr. Sharma, Thank you for staying on the line and I have Mr.Jain on the line. He is from ________ department. He will be able to further assist you. Thank You. •When the Recipient is Not Available • -I am sorry Mr. Sharma, I am unable to locate Mr. Jain. But if you could tell me what this is about, I am sure I will be able help you •To Close a Call • -Share the action you will take -Thank You for Calling. -Personalized Good Bye 12. When Visiting the Client Site

•Interaction with Security Guard -“Good morning / afternoon / evening. I am from Bharti Broadband and I am here to see Mr. Sharma.” -“Thank you for your help.” •Interaction at the Reception -Go to the reception and wait to catch the receptionist attention -If the receptionist is on the phone then do not disturb •If You have been Waiting for Long -Do not look hassled or irritated -Walk up to the reception and speak politely •When Meeting the Client -Do not remain seated when meeting the client -Stand up and give him / her a firm handshake -Offer your business card to the client -Treat the clients business card respectfully. -Do not play with it or use it to clean nails etc.


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•After the Identification of the Problem -Share with the customer the nature of the problem -Tell the customer why the problem has occurred -Share with the customer his options -Always give the timeline for providing a solution •If you are Unable to Identify the Problem -Tell the customer your problem -Share with the customer the action you are going to take -Follow up to ensure that the problem has been solved -Give definite timelines for all the actions promised •If You Need More Time -Always ask politely for more time -Give the reason for needing this extra time. •If the Problem is Resolved -Share with the customer the nature of the problem -Tell the customer why the problem has occurred -Share with the customer the solution you have given -Explain to the customer the benefits of the solution •Closing the Client Visit -Appreciate the customer for his cooperation -If the problem occurred at your end, then apologize -Reassure the customer that the problem would not occur again -Say Thank you and exit 13. When a Customer Appears, Calls or Inquiries •As soon as you see the customer politely acknowledge his presence •“ Good morning / Good afternoon/ Good evening Mr. Sharma. How are you doing today?” “Namashkar Mr. Sharma. Kayse hain aap?” •Be equally polite and prompt while answering the telephone. •When answering the telephone – “ Bharti, Good morning / afternoon / evening. How may I assist you?” •If a customer has a schedule appointment, make sure you are on time. ••Prepare on customer’s questions by having answers before they ask. When a Customer Appears, Calls or Inquiries •Whenever possible, prepare in advance for each individual customer. Start each day with a check up. ••Ask the right questions •“What are the problems that you have been facing at your site?” “For how long have you been facing this problem?” “What are the steps you have taken to solve this problem?” •Listen for total meaning. ••Match solutions with their problems.


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••Make them feel good about being your customer 14. When a Customer is Angry and Defensive •Keep your cool. ••Listen with empathy and for facts. “ I can understand that it must be very difficult for you to work because of your site being down.” “ If you could give me the details of the problem then I could find a solution quickly.” “ Your discomfort / helplessness is understandable because it is difficult to work without being connected.” “Losing productivity because of connectivity can be frustrating. Let me inspect the site and see what I can do right now.” “ Site na chalne ki wajah se aap ki productivity per faraq pada hai. Mai isi waqt inspection kar ke ise theek karne ki koshish karta hoon.” •Take action to solve the customer’s problems. When a Customer is angry and defensive •Bring the incident to a polite close. •“I am sorry that you had to go through this. The problem has been solved and you would not face this issue again.” “ Mr. Sharma the problem at your site has been taken care of and I would personally keep track of the progress.” “ Your site is up Mr. Sharma. I would be looking into the issue personally and getting a permanent solution.” “ The connectivity was slow because of a fault in the network. The faulty parts have been changed and you would not face this problem again.” “ Mr. Sharma we can take care of the service later. Let me look at the issue on a priority basis so that it can be resolved at the earliest and all systems are back on line.

• Don’t expect to win them all. When a Customer has Special Requests

•Give each customer exactly what he wants. In other words, CUSTOMIZE. •“ Bharti understands your requirements and we would design a network which would handle this specific problem.” “ You are a prestigious customer for us. We would design a network which would handle your specific needs.” “ We generally do not (do this)……., but considering your long association with us I would go ahead and do this for you.” “ I understand your requirement but doing this is not going to be possible. What I could do is…….” “ It is not possible for us to do this according to our company policy. But we are keen to have you as our customer so what we would do is……” • It shows people that you care about them. When a Customer has Special Requests • It gives you and your team a sense of pride. “ Serving you and your company is a pleasure for us.” “ We know you are under a lot of pressure. We will ensure that your site up in the next 24 hours.”


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• It is great for repeat business. •• It overcomes customer defensiveness and gains quicker acceptance. ••It virtually eliminates competition. 15 When a Customer Complains • Listen with understanding •• Paraphrase and record what the customer tells you •“So what you are telling me is ……….” “As I understand Mr. Sharma …………..” “Let me just repeat what I have understood Mr. Sharma ………” • Find out what the customer wants “I can understand your problem Mr. Sharma. What would you want us to do about it?” “We are sorry that you had to face this problem. What can we do to help you with this?” “We are sorry for the inconvenience caused to you and would be doing ……….. as per your request.” • Propose a solution and get his support •“We would need to do …………. to sort this issue. Are you okay with this Mr. Sharma” “With your permission we would want to ……….” “If it is acceptable to you what we would like to do is ………..” • If the customer does not like your solution, ask him what he would consider a fair settlement •“If this is not acceptable to you Mr. Sharma then what do you suggest we should do?” • Make follow up calls to ensure satisfaction •Never let the customer lose face •“This can be very confusing Mr. Sharma. What I would do right now is…” “That should not be a problem at all. If you want we could……..’ 16. When a Customer Complains •Never let the customer lose face •“This can be very confusing Mr. Sharma. What I would do right now is…” “That should not be a problem at all. If you want we could……..’


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PART 4

Satellite Modem Installation

November 2002

Document No. DC-0788-10

Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd.

This document contains information proprietary to Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the express written consent of Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. The disclosure by Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. of information contained herein does not constitute any license or authorization to use or disclose the information, ideas or concepts presented. The contents of this document are subject to change without prior notice.

Notice

This manual contains information that is proprietary and confidential to Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Gilat). No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior written approval by Gilat.

No representation or warranties for fitness for any purpose other than that specifically mentioned in this manual is made by Gilat.

Gilat reserves the right to revise this publication and make changes without obligation to notify any person of such revisions or changes.

For further information, contact Gilat.

Publication Notice

This manual has been carefully compiled and checked for accuracy. The information in this manual does not constitute a warranty of performance. Furthermore, Gilat reserves the right to revise this publication and make changes from time to time in the content thereof. Gilat assumes no liability for losses incurred as a result of out-of-date or incorrect information in this manual.

FCC Compliance Notice

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference for radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the (radio or TV) receiving antenna

Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver

Connect the equipment into an outlet or a separate circuit from that connected to the receiver

Consult and experienced radio/TV technician for assistance

Tested to Comply with FCC Standards

FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE

Skystar 360E Satellite Modem Installation and Configuration

360E SatModem Installation November, 2002

i

Proprietary and Confidential

Contents

1. Introduction .........................................................................................................1

2. Satellite Modem 360E Description ......................................................................2 2.1 Model 360E Satellite Modem (IDU) ........................................................................2

2.1.1 Model 360E Rear Panel (Standard Model) ...................................................3 2.1.2 Satellite Modem 360E (4-Port LAN and Serial Port Models) .........................3

2.2 Inter-Facility Link (IFL) Cables ...............................................................................4 2.2.1 Coaxial Cables............................................................................................4 2.2.2 LAN Cable ..................................................................................................4

3. Satellite Modem Installation................................................................................5

4. Configuring the Satellite Modem.........................................................................7

5. Appendix A – Installation of the Skystar 360E Installation Software ...............13

6. Appendix B – Support Software Installation and Operation.............................17 6.1 Installation of the Support Software on the Client PC ...........................................17 6.2 Using the VSAT Support Software on a Client PC ................................................21

6.2.1 VSAT IP Connectivity Test ........................................................................23 6.2.2 NMC Connectivity Test..............................................................................24 6.2.3 Internet Connectivity Test..........................................................................24 6.2.4 Reconfigure VSAT ....................................................................................25 6.2.5 Eb/N0 Measurement .................................................................................25



ii


Figures

Figure 1: Model 360E Satellite Modem – Front View ..................................................... 2 Figure 2: Model 360E Satellite Modem – Rear View...................................................... 3 Figure 3: 4 LAN Port Satellite Modem – Rear View ....................................................... 4 Figure 4: Serial Port Satellite Modem – Rear View........................................................ 4 Figure 5: ODU and Cable Connections ......................................................................... 5 Figure 6: VSAT Installation Desktop Icon...................................................................... 7 Figure 7: Setup 360E Message Box ............................................................................. 7 Figure 8: Skystar 360E Modem Configuration – Opening Screen .................................. 8 Figure 9: VSAT RSP is Up! .......................................................................................... 9 Figure 10: ODU Offset ................................................................................................. 9 Figure 11: Technical ID ...............................................................................................10 Figure 12: Skystar 360E Modem Configuration – NMS.lpf has been Loaded.................10 Figure 13: Skystar 360E Modem Configuration – 360E Parameters send to 360E VSAT!

...........................................................................................................................11 Figure 14: Confirm Reset IDU .....................................................................................11 Figure 15: Skystar 360E Modem Configuration – Configuration Completed ..................12 Figure 16: Installation Software Icon............................................................................13 Figure 17: VSAT 360E Welcome Screen .....................................................................13 Figure 18: VSAT Installation License Agreement .........................................................14 Figure 19: VSAT Installation – Choose Destination Location ........................................14 Figure 20: VSAT Installation – Setup Type ..................................................................15 Figure 21: VSAT Installation – Select Program Folder..................................................15 Figure 22: VSAT Installation – Installation Complete....................................................16 Figure 23: VSAT Installation Shortcut Icon...................................................................16 Figure 24: Support Software Icon ................................................................................17 Figure 25: VSAT 360E Support Welcome Screen ........................................................18 Figure 26: VSAT Support Installation License Agreement ............................................18 Figure 27: VSAT Support Installation – Choose Destination Location ...........................19 Figure 28: VSAT Support Installation – Setup Type .....................................................19 Figure 29: VSAT Support Installation – Select Program Folder.....................................20 Figure 30: VSAT Support Installation – Installation Complete .......................................21 Figure 31: VSAT Support Icon.....................................................................................21 Figure 32: Support Icon in Tray ...................................................................................22 Figure 33: Select Help Desk........................................................................................22 Figure 34: Help Desk Main Screen ..............................................................................23 Figure 35: VSAT Connectivity Successful ....................................................................24 Figure 36: NMC Connectivity Failed ............................................................................24 Figure 37: Internet Connectivity Successful .................................................................24 Figure 38: Show Eb/N0 ...............................................................................................25 Figure 39: Eb/N0 and BER Status ...............................................................................25



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Tables

Table 1: Front Panel LEDs ............................................................................................2 Table 2: Rear Panel Features .......................................................................................3



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About This Manual

This section describes the objectives, audience, document layout and conventions of the Skystar 360E Satellite Modem Installation manual.

Objectives

This manual provides detailed instructions showing how to install the Skystar 360E Satellite Modem and configure its software.

How to Use This Manual

This manual is to be used as a reference guide during the installation of the Skystar 360E Satellite Modem and its configuration.

Audience

This manual is designed for personnel who have been trained in the installation and configuration procedures for the Skystar 360E Satellite Modem.

Organization

The table below contains a list of the chapters in the manual, the chapter titles and a short description of the material contained in each chapter.

Chapter Chapter Title Description

Chapter 1 Welcome A short description of the Skystar 360E system

Chapter 2 Satellite Modem Description

Details of the Satellite Modem 360E from and back panels and their connections

Chapter 3 Satellite Modem Installation

Physical installation of the Satellite Modem 360E and its connections

Chapter 4 Configuring the Satellite Modem

Configuration of the Satellite Modem using the Installation software

Chapter 5 Appendix A - Installation of the Skystar 360E Installation software

How to install the Installation software on the installer’s PC

Chapter 6 Appendix B - Support Software Installation and Operation

How to install and use the Support software on a client PC in the network



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Conventions

This manual uses the following conventions to convey instructions and information:

Convention Description Boldface font Commands and keywords.

Italic font The result of an instruction or command.

Screen font Information to be typed into a form or dialog box.

WARNING

This warning symbol means danger. It is used to describe a situation that can cause bodily injury. Before working on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and how to prevent accidents.

CAUTION

This symbol means reader be careful. In this situation, damage may be caused to equipment or data may be lost.

NOTE

This symbol means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions and explanations.



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1. Introduction

SkystarTM 360E is a private/shared VSAT network designed for two-way IP and multicast applications. The product is ideally suited for web-based intranet and Internet access, as well as for private and shared IP networks where headquarters or data centers communicate with hundreds to thousands of geographically dispersed sites.

Skystar 360E is a versatile VSAT product that integrates and features multiple applications on one platform. The same network can be used for interactive IP communications, as well as for IP multicasting and video/audio streaming.

The two- way functionality allows for high levels of interaction, feedback and access to resources. With DVB compliant Outbound and extensive IP capabilities, Skystar 360E supports virtually any data and IP multicast application.



2


2. Satellite Modem 360E Description

2.1 Model 360E Satellite Modem (IDU)

The Model 360E Satellite Modem connects to the client’s PC either directly via a LAN or USB cable. Two coaxial cables connect the ODU to the modem. Model 360E Front Panel

The front view of the Model 360E Satellite Modem is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Model 360E Satellite Modem – Front View

The front panel contains a number of LEDs. Their functions are described in Table 1.

Table 1: Front Panel LEDs

LED Function PWR On when power is connected

Rx On when Receiver card is receiving data

SYN On when modem is connected to hub

CON On when communication link is active

Tx Blinks when signal is transmitted to hub

PC On when connection to PC is active



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2.1.1 Model 360E Rear Panel (Standard Model)

NOTE

There is a slide gate covering the USB connector that is currently not in use.

The rear view of the Model 360E Satellite Modem is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Model 360E Satellite Modem – Rear View

A description of the elements located in the rear of the modem is found in Table 2.

Table 2: Rear Panel Features

No. Description Purpose 1 Power Socket 100-240V, 50/60 Hz, 2A male connector for power cord

2 On/Off Switch Power Modem On/Off

3 RF Out Coax Connector Connect modem to Input Port HPC on ODU

4 LAN Port Connect Client PC to modem via LAN cable

5 RF In Coax Connector Connect modem to Output Port LNB on ODU

2.1.2 Satellite Modem 360E (4-Port LAN and Serial Port Models)

Rear view of the 4 Port LAN and Serial Port models are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. The connections are similar to those shown in Figure 2.

1 2

3 4 5



4


Figure 3: 4 LAN Port Satellite Modem – Rear View

Figure 4: Serial Port Satellite Modem – Rear View

2.2 Inter-Facility Link (IFL) Cables

2.2.1 Coaxial Cables

The Inter-Facility Link between the ODU and IDU provides a full duplex communication path between the two units. It consists of two coaxial cables: IFL Tx and IFL Rx.

2.2.2 LAN Cable

All of the LAN cables used are type CAT-5. Ethernet hubs or switches are used to connect multiple PCs to the Satellite Modem

The maximum length of a LAN cable is 100 meters (325 feet). The LAN cables used is type CAT-5.



5


3. Satellite Modem Installation

To install the Satellite Modem Model 360E perform the following:

1. Connect the IFL cables to the ODU as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: ODU and Cable Connections

2. Place the Satellite Modem on a flat surface with the rear panel facing towards you as shown in Figure 2.

3. Connect the coaxial cable labeled RF IN to the RF-IN connector on the modem (No. 5).

4. Connect the cable marked RF OUT to the RF OUT connector on the modem (No. 3).

5. Connect the LAN cable to the LAN port on the PC and then to the LAN port (No. 4) on the modem.

6. Insert the power cord into the power socket (No. 1) on the modem and then into the local power supply.

NOTE

The USB port is not active.



6


7. Turn the power switch (No. 2) on.

Result: The PWR LED on the front of the modem should be lit.



7


4. Configuring the Satellite Modem

NOTE

Prior to starting the configuration process, verify that the following software is installed on the installer’s PC:

Skystar 360E Installation software

*.lpf file containing the satellite parameters is stored in the same folder as the Installation software. This file is supplied by the hub operations staff.

To configure the Satellite Modem:

1. Connect the installer’s PC to the Satellite Modem with a LAN cable and boot up the PC.

Result: The PC LED on the Satellite Modem front panel is lit

2. Double-click on the VSAT 360E Installation icon on the desktop (Figure 6).

Figure 6: VSAT Installation Desktop Icon

Result: The Setup 360E Message box appears (Figure 7)

Figure 7: Setup 360E Message Box

3. If the Installation PC contains only one Ethernet interface (LAN card), click Yes. If the Installation PC contains more than one Ethernet interface (LAN card), click No and then select the interface to be used from the list shown.

NOTE

The installation shown is based upon a single interface PC.



8


Result: The Skystar 360E Modem Configuration – Opening Screen window appears (Figure 8).

Figure 8: Skystar 360E Modem Configuration – Opening Screen

4. Wait until the VSAT RSP IS UP message appears in the Log pane (Figure 9).



9


Figure 9: VSAT RSP is Up!

5. Click Set ODU Offset.

Result: The ODU Offset form appears (Figure 10).

Figure 10: ODU Offset

6. Type the ODU Offset value obtained from the Gilat ODU and click OK.

7. Click Set Tech ID.

Result: The Technical ID form appears (Figure 11).



10


Figure 11: Technical ID

8. Enter the Technical ID in the format xxx-yy-zzzz where xxx is the name of the *.lpf file copied from the NMS data file to the hard disk (see Section), yy is the HPP ID number and zzzz is the VSAT Cpa. The latter two values are obtained from the ISP.

9. Click OK.

Result: The Skystar 360E Modem Configuration window appears (Figure 12) with the VSAT CPA and HPP Id values entered and the *.lpf file has been loaded message appears in the Log pane.

Figure 12: Skystar 360E Modem Configuration – NMS.lpf has been Loaded

10. Click Send Config to IDU.



11


Result: The Skystar 360E Modem Configuration window appears (Figure 13) with the 360E Parameters send to 360E VSAT message in the Log pane.

Figure 13: Skystar 360E Modem Configuration – 360E Parameters send to 360E VSAT!

11. Click Reset IDU.

Result: The Confirm Reset IDU message appears (Figure 14).

Figure 14: Confirm Reset IDU

12. Click Yes.

Result: The LEDs on the Satellite Modem change .The VSAT installation is complete when the VSAT Status is Operational and SAT=UP BBONE=UP appear in the Status Display pane as shown in Figure 15.



12


Figure 15: Skystar 360E Modem Configuration – Configuration Completed



13


5. Appendix A – Installation of the Skystar 360E Installation Software

To install the Skystar 360E Installation Software on the installer’s PC:

1. Locate the Installation Software icon (Figure 16) on the hard disk of the installers PC and double-click on it.

Figure 16: Installation Software Icon

Result: The Installation Wizard opens followed by the Welcome screen (Figure 17).

Figure 17: VSAT 360E Welcome Screen

2. Click Yes.

Result: The VSAT Installation License Agreement window appears (Figure 18).



14


Figure 18: VSAT Installation License Agreement

3. Click Yes.

Result: The VSAT Installation – Choose Destination Location window appears (Figure 19).

Figure 19: VSAT Installation – Choose Destination Location

4. Click Next.



15


Result: The VSAT Installation Setup Type window appears (Figure 20).

Figure 20: VSAT Installation – Setup Type

5. Click Next.

Result: The VSAT Installation - Select Program Folder window appears (Figure 21).

Figure 21: VSAT Installation – Select Program Folder



16


6. Click Next.

Result: The software is installed on the PC. After completion the VSAT Installation Complete window appears (Figure 22).

Figure 22: VSAT Installation – Installation Complete

7. Click Finish.

Result: The VSAT Installation Shortcut icon (Figure 23) is placed on the desktop.

Figure 23: VSAT Installation Shortcut Icon



17


6. Appendix B – Support Software Installation and Operation

Gilat recommends that the Support software be installed on one PC at each client site. This software utility can be used by the hub operations staff, when operational difficulties are encountered, as a troubleshooting aid.

CAUTION

The Support and Installation software applications cannot be installed on the same PC. The troubleshooting software is found in both utilities and, if problems are encountered during the installation process, troubleshooting can be carried out using the software installation software.

6.1 Installation of the Support Software on the Client PC

To install the Skystar 360E Installation Software on the installer’s PC:

1. Insert the CD-ROM with the Support software in the CD-ROM drive of the client’s PC

2. Locate the Support Software icon (Figure 24) on the CD-ROM drive of the client’s PC and double-click on it.

Figure 24: Support Software Icon

Result: The Support Installation Wizard opens followed by the Welcome screen (Figure 25).



18


Figure 25: VSAT 360E Support Welcome Screen

3. Click Yes.

Result: The VSAT Support Installation License Agreement window appears (Figure 26).

Figure 26: VSAT Support Installation License Agreement

4. Click Yes.



19


Result: The VSAT Support Installation – Choose Destination Location window appears (Figure 27).

Figure 27: VSAT Support Installation – Choose Destination Location

5. Click Next.

Result: The VSAT Support Installation Setup Type window appears (Figure 28).

Figure 28: VSAT Support Installation – Setup Type



20


6. Click Next.

Result: The VSAT Support Installation - Select Program Folder window appears (Figure 29).

Figure 29: VSAT Support Installation – Select Program Folder

7. Click Next.

Result: The software is installed on the PC. After completion the VSAT Support Installation Complete window appears (Figure 30).



21


Figure 30: VSAT Support Installation – Installation Complete

8. Click Finish.

Result: The VSAT Support icon (Figure 31) is placed on the desktop.

Figure 31: VSAT Support Icon

6.2 Using the VSAT Support Software on a Client PC

NOTE

The VSAT Support software is to be used only on a client PC that does not have the Installation software installed on it.

The VSAT Support software is designed to be used together with the ISP help desk personnel.

To activate the VSAT Support software:

1. Double-click on the VSAT Support icon on the desktop (Figure 31).

Result: The Support icon appears in the icon tray (Figure 32).



22


Figure 32: Support Icon in Tray

2. Right-click on the Support Icon and select Help Desk (Figure 33).

NOTE

If the PC contains more than 1 Ethernet interface, click Select IP and then select the IP interface connected to the Satellite Modem.

Figure 33: Select Help Desk

Result: The Help Desk Main screen appears (Figure 34).



23


Figure 34: Help Desk Main Screen

The following conditions can be determined from the Help Desk main screen:

A green satellite antenna icon indicates that the satellite connection is active.

A green SatModem icon indicates that the connection between the modem and PC is active.

The fourth line in the Status display pane should read BackBone Up.

6.2.1 VSAT IP Connectivity Test

To perform a VSAT connectivity (ping) test, click on the VSAT IP Connectivity button .



24


Result: A ping is sent to the VSAT. If the test is successful, the VSAT Connectivity Passed message appears in the Results pane (Figure 35).

Figure 35: VSAT Connectivity Successful

6.2.2 NMC Connectivity Test

To perform an NMC Connectivity test, click on the NMC Connectivity button .

Result: A ping is sent to the Network Control Center (hub). If the ping is not successful, the NMC Connectivity Failed message appears (Figure 36).

Figure 36: NMC Connectivity Failed

6.2.3 Internet Connectivity Test

To perform an Internet Connectivity test, click on the Internet Connectivity button .

Result: A ping is sent to the Internet page connected to the address in the pane above the Internet Connectivity button. If the ping is successful a confirmation is received (Figure 37).

Figure 37: Internet Connectivity Successful



25


6.2.4 Reconfigure VSAT

CAUTION

This procedure should never be performed by the client unless specifically instructed to do so by the hub operator.

When the Help Desk software detects the Satellite modem going from Boot Mode to Operational Mode, it stores a copy of the VSAT parameters and stores them as an *.lpf file in the Registry. If the Satellite Modem parameters become “corrupted,” the Reconfigure VSAT procedure will send the stored parameters from the PC Registry to the Satellite Modem.

To reconfigure the Satellite Modem after receiving instructions to do so from the hub, click the Reconfigure VSAT button .

Result: The Satellite Modem parameters stored in the Registry are sent to the Satellite Modem.

6.2.5 Eb/N0 Measurement

To view the En/N0 and BER status of the satellite link, on the menu bar click View→→→→Show Ebn (Figure 38)

Figure 38: Show Eb/N0

Result: The Eb/N0 and BER status window appears (Figure 39).

Figure 39: Eb/N0 and BER Status

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