crime in america [compatibility mode]
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Crime in America
PSCI 2481
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Crime
Behaviors for which society provides formallysanctioned punishment.
Distinctions among types of crimeFelony vs. Misdemeanor
Violent vs. Property
ct m vs. ct m essBlue-Collar vs. White Collar
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How much crime exists?o eeps trac o cr me
In 1929, the InternationalChiefs of Police Association
(IACP) recommended that
Investigation (FBI) defineand maintain a national
system for gathering crimestatistics.
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How much crime exists?o eeps trac o cr me
,
Report (UCR) system. The FBI set u codin rules and tallied the
statistics reported to it. Local police
departments were responsible for the actualcollection of crime data.
Data collected:
Crime reports taken
Arrests made
Cases cleared
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The FBI Uniform Crime Report (UCR)n c a ypo ogy o r me
PART I (The INDEX)
Violent Crimes1. Homicide
. ape
3. Robbery
4. Assa l A rava ed
Property Crimes
5. Burglary
6. Larceny7. Motor Vehicle Theft
.
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PART II
Petty LarcenySimple Assault
an a sm
Drug Abuse
Sex Offenses
Fraud
Drunkenness
Disturbing the PeaceGambling
Prostitution
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ro ems w e
1. Its focus is on reported crime. (Why is this aproblem?)
2. The original reports provided no details. All
crimes were lumped together in a singlenum er.
3. It provides no additional information about.
4. It requires both the local police and citizensto coo erate in rovidin accurateinformation.
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ro ems w e
5. Its open to abuse. Agencies responsible forreducing crime have an incentive tom sreport cr me.
6. It is sensitive to reform in the wrong.reported crime rate.)
7. Its biased toward blue collar crime.
8. The base for evaluating crime isquestionable. (NYC auto thefts the crimerate s g we re ca cu at ng t e t s per car
or low if were reporting thefts per person)
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Does the UCR measure the effectiveness
o t e cr m na ust ce system
s e num er o po ce ncrease, w a mpacdo we expect theyll have on crime?
If we put more police out on the streets to
fi ht crime we ex ect fewer crimes to occur.
What do we observe?
As the number of police increase, thenumber of reported crimes increase.
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Alternative Measures of Crime:
e at ona r me ct m zat on urvey
In 1966, the PresidentsCommission on Law
Administration of Justice
sponsored surveys of crimev c ms.
In 1968, Congress enacted theOmnibus Crime Control and
Safe Streets Act that created theNational Criminal Justice
Service (NCJISS).
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Alternative Measures of Crime:
e at ona r me ct m zat on urvey
In 1972, NCJISS established the National Crime Survey(NCS) to be conducted every 6 months by the USCensus Bureau. NCS was a survey of 60,000ouse o s an , us nesses es gne to
measure crime, reported and UN-reported.
Today the NCS is known as the National CrimeVictimization Survey (NCVS). The Census Bureauconducts interviews with about 134,000 persons age 12
,their victimizations from crime.
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1. Most crime control policies are nonsense..
of peddling nonsense about crime and
3. Most crime control policies are based on
--
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Society survivesif/because individuals are
Society structuresindividual actions
self-restrained.
Governments role is to
Discrimination, poverty.
Lack of opportunity lead-deal with the lack of it.
Peo le are restrained or
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People can be re-shaped.
not as part of basicnature.
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General Punishment (emphasis on
General Rehabilitation, Social
certainty and severity)
Specific
Change
Specific
Sentences
Death Penalty
Parole
Indeterminate Sentencing
m na e ran a, eaBargaining, InsanityDefense, Exclusion Rule
uca on
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