creating and maintaining fertility
DESCRIPTION
An overview of how to create fertile soilsTRANSCRIPT
Creating and Maintaining Soil Fertility
garden scale
Soil fertility requires:
Good• Enough Air• Enough Water• Enough nutrients• Living material• Beneficial relationships….so….• No bare soils• Mulching
Bad• Not enough/too much air• Dry/waterlogged• Nutrient poor• ‘Dead’• Lack of beneficial
relationships….so….• Minimise tillage
First signs of soil
Nature produces soils through deposition, erosion and the action of living and dying plants and animals. Technically soil is a ‘rock’.
Spotted flycatcherFeeds young in a nest in a hole in the fall, and leaves droppings under its perch. Birds also carry and drop seeds.
…And Starts a ForestOn a bare basalt driveway first clover appears. Then pampas grass grows. Out of that a hazel takes root. All in three years…
From Birnham Bridge…Even a bare stone parapet supports life…
Mineral contentVaries according to base rock-Volcanic-Sedimentary-Metamorphic-Conglomerates
And may be built through the action of:-wind-water-weather
The rock helps define the landscapeWest of Ireland
IsraelBerber fields in the Negev Desert
Humus helps create a living soilSeaweed traditionally added to sand on the Machair
Machair, Lewis 2006
Machair Benbecula 2006
Humus in soils
Can be from• Compost• Leaf fall• Mulching• Animal wastes• Run off
Benefits• Brings nutrients• Increases soil life• Enables nutrient availability• Holds on to water• Reduces run-off
Willing workers on organic farmsEarthworms are people too…
Call DucksPest control officers (sideline- aiding soil fertility)
The Sleat Chicken TractorWork free ground clearance, fertiliser and pest reduction
How do you know how fertile the soil is?- You can measure soil acidity.- You can use your senses.Any others?
Plants as soil indicatorsWhat do these tell you about the soil:Buttercup?Dock?
LaburnumDifferent plants improve the soil in different ways.
Leguminous plants fix nitrogen.
ComfreyPlants can be dynamic accumulators.
Bracket fungusFungi are important to soil fertility.
Which part of a fungus is this? Where is the rest of it?
Red Alder and Flammelina Velutipes 3Jan2010Even in the snow…
Tomatoes in the Arava, IsraelUnder 10mm of rainfall per annum!
How did they get here?