Students: Purcaru Eliza-Simona Stancu Georgiana-Andreea

Cosmetic surgery is concerned with the correction, restoration or enhancement of the body. It has a history dating back to the 6th century in India by the famous surgeon Sushruta. The first procedures done were nose and ear reconstruction.

Use of Cosmetic SurgeryMisuse of Cosmetic SurgeryAesthetic reasons.

Reconstructive reasons.

Gender dysphoria.Aesthetic reasons.

Body dysphoria disorder

Unattainable body image

Industry consumerism

Healthy Effects of Cosmetic SurgeryUnhealthy effects of misuse of Cosmetic SurgeryIncreased self esteem

Being able to contribute positively to society.

Being able to live a normal life

Empowering to improve conditions of life eg get a jobDebt

Major risks of surgery

Surgeons operating out of desire for money.

restrictive models of femininity.

A good plastic surgeon walks a fine line between the Hippocratic ideal of doing no harm and giving the patient what he or she asks for. Obviously, the surgeon should put the health and safety of the patient first in deciding whether or not to accommodate a patients request for a particular procedure. Ethics dictate that he or she would not perform any procedure with the written consent of the patient. Nor would the surgeon perform surgery on a minor without the consent of his or her legal guardian(s).

Ethical guidlines for surgeons Ethical Gray Areas - The ideal of full disclosure to patients regarding the scope of the surgeons experience with a new technique or piece of surgical equipment. - The issues of ethics become even more complex where mental and emotional state of the patient is concerned. * How does the surgeon determine when enough is enough, in the case of a person who displays signs of plastic surgery addiction ?

A Judgment Call Ultimately, it is up to each surgeon to call upon his or her experience, training, and judgment to make the decision.

appearance-oriented ideology

patriarchal ideology

promises of power, pleasure, and freedom

Body consumption.

beauty ideal -unrealistic conceptions of beauty

desire for self-improvement.

Consumerism

conforming to an acceptable standard of appearance

GainlosePeople with disfigurements

Females.

Western Culture.

Doctors

Fashion industry

Cosmetic Product IndustryFemales

Racial minority groups

Media - (TV, film, magazines, internet)

The business of Cosmetic surgery

Fashion industry

Stockholders

PositiveEquality of opportunity for all eg Moira Kellys workQuality of life.

NegativeSocieties acceptance of women being judged by their appearance more than men inequality and oppression.Imperialism of a Culture to the detriment of another e.g Asian American and Korean

When aesthetic plastic surgery remains where it commenced, in the realm of the medical system where it was intended to seriously benefit patients it is a positive contribution to society.

But when cosmetic surgery crosses entirely into the commercial world reinforcing naturally unachievable stereotypes of beauty and its immediate focus is on benefiting the business it can have a negative impact on the social construct of identity and feminism.

When cosmetic surgery is used address social justice issues such as to enhance the lives of the disadvantaged or marginalised such as the work with Moira Kelly or with the work of Fred Hollows foundation with the Indigenous communities of Australia then it is having a positive impact on society.Cosmetic surgery has a positive impact on the lives of people when used in a responsible manner such as reconstruction after trauma or due to disfigurements, as it can enable the recipients to live a better quality of life.When cosmetic surgery is marketed to society as a normal way to achieve the unrealistic body images portrayed in the media it becomes a manipulative and exploitive force that impacts on the identity formation of some members of society.