corn
DESCRIPTION
Corn. Single most important crop in the US 20% of all crop land is planted in corn Corn belt Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Minnesota, Indiana, and Ohio The corn belt accounts for 80% of all corn grown in the US. Corn. Is grown in every state except Alaska. Corn was produced as early as 6000 BC - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Corn
• Single most important crop in the US• 20% of all crop land is planted in
corn
• Corn belt– Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Minnesota,
Indiana, and Ohio
• The corn belt accounts for 80% of all corn grown in the US.
![Page 2: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Corn
• Is grown in every state except Alaska.
• Corn was produced as early as 6000 BC
• It can be grown at below sea level to 13,00 feet.
• It is a warm season crop
![Page 3: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Uses Feedstuffs
– 12% Silage– 83% Feed, Seed– 5% Mixed Feed
![Page 4: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Foodstuffs
• Wet Milled – Starch, Syrups, Oils
• Dry Milled – Meal, Flour, Hominy Grits, Breakfast Cereals, Corn nuts
![Page 5: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Corn pg 589• Dent – Silage, Grain• Flint – Hard• Flour – Indian Corn• Pop – Extreme form of flint corn• Sweet – Mutant of dent corn• Waxy – Soft kernel, adhesives,
baby food, puddings, pie filling, tapioca, clam chowder.
• Pod - Primative• Syrup - Karo
![Page 6: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Commercial Varieties
• Open-Pollinated –OP’s, save and replant the seed.
• Hybrid – 1877 the 1st. Controlled cross– Can’t replant seed
![Page 7: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Degree Days (Heat Units)
• 100-150 to emerge• 1400-1500 to reach Anthesis
(flower)• Another 1200 – 1300 to reach
physiological maturity
![Page 8: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Calculating a degree day
• (Max. Temp. + Min. Temp.) - 50 _______________________
2
50 = base temp for corn
Used to determine planting dates.
![Page 9: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Accumulated Relative
GDD (Heat Units) Maturity (Days)
1750-1850 70
1850-1950 75
1950-2050 80
2050-2150 85
2150-2250 90
2250-2350 95
2350-2450 100
2400-2500 105
![Page 10: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Growth Stages – Table 21-1
• Vegetative• VE =
emergence• V1 = first leaf• V2 = second
leaf• V3 = third leaf• Vn = nth leaf• VT = tasseling
• Reproductive• R1 = silking• R2 = blister• R3 = milk• R4 - dough• R5 = dent• R6 =
physiological maturity
![Page 11: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Seed bed prep• Fine, Firm, Moist
– Disk stubble 1-2x– Chisel– Disk 1x – ring roller– Pre-irrigate– (Fertilize – Dry) – Disk 1-2x– (NH3)– Herbicide, Cross disk, Harrow– Plant
![Page 12: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Seed bed – Double crop
• Lime, Gypsum, Potash• Disk 1x• Chisel• Disk 1x• Pre Irrigate w/100# N• Disk – Herbicide• Cross Springtooth• Plant in 24 hours• Ring Roll
![Page 13: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Seed bed – single crop
• Fall: – Disk 2x– Chisel 2x– Plane 2x– ListJan: Cultivate – Lilliston or alloway
Spring : Plant
![Page 14: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Seeding Rates
• Ranges between 25,000 to 45,000 plants per acre.
• 35,000 is optimum (high plantings are pushing 200 bushels per acre)– Silage is seeded more closely than
this rate.
![Page 15: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Crop rotation
• 2 year = corn – small grain
• 3year = corn – small grain – clover rotation
• 4 year = corn – oats – wheat – clover rotation
![Page 16: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fertilization
• Nitrogen 300-325 lbs.
• Phosphate 120 lbs.• Potash 270 lbs.• Sulfur 40-45 lbs.• Magnesium 50 lbs.• Calcium 60 lbs.• Iron 3 lbs.• Manganese 2.5 – 3 lbs.• Zinc .5 lbs.
![Page 17: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Irrigation
• 18 – 22” of water.
• Critical periods are early tassel, silking, and blister kernel stages.
• for most corn, that would be 40 – 80 days after emergence.
![Page 18: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Weed management
• Roundup Ultra/RT• Lasso• Atrazine • 2,4-D• Basagram• Dual• Prowl
![Page 19: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Harvesting
• Kernel Moisture 34%• Grain corn at 20% moisture• Sweet corn = milk stage (21 days
after silking)• Silage corn = when ears are glazed &
most leaves are on the plant, slight dent.
• Fresh Corn at 70% moisture. (can/frozen) – 5-6% sugar & 10 – 11% starch
![Page 20: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
GradesGrading Factors
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5
Min. lb limits of test weight (lb/bushel)
56.0 54.0 52.0 49.0 46.0
Max. % limits of Damaged kernels
0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 3.0
Heat Total
3.0 5.0 7.0 10.0 15.0
Broken corn & foreign material
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.0
![Page 21: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Diseases
• Common Rust• Corn Smut• Fusarium Ear Rot• Furarium Stalk Rot
![Page 22: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Common Rust• Symptoms• Common rust causes
pustules that may appear on any aboveground part of the corn plant but they are most abundant on leaves. The pustules, which may erupt and become powdery, occur nearly simultaneously on both leaf surfaces. They are golden brown to cinnamon brown, becoming black as the spores mature.
![Page 23: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Corn Smut
• Common smut is easily recognized by the tumorlike galls that form on any aboveground plant part. The conspicuous galls that replace kernels are covered with a greenish-white papery tissue.
![Page 24: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fusarium Ear Rot
• white to salmon-pink discoloration of individual kernels or groups of kernels scattered over the ear.
![Page 25: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Furarium Stalk Rot
• Corn plants with Fusarium stalk rot exhibit rotting of the roots, plant base, and lower internodes. The rot normally begins soon after pollination.
![Page 26: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Insects
• Beet Armyworm• Western Striped Armyworm• Corn Earworm• Cutworm• Grasshopper
![Page 27: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Western yellow striped Armyworm
![Page 28: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Beet Armyworm
![Page 29: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Corn Earworm
![Page 30: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cutworm
![Page 31: Corn](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fd6550346895dbd9b38/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Grasshopper