copyright ©2011 pearson education, inc. all rights reserved.1 chapter 1: understanding human...
TRANSCRIPT
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Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Chapter 1: Understanding Human Communication
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Quotable Quote
"We listen to the equivalent of a book a day, talk the equivalent of a book a week, read the equivalent of a book a month, and write the equivalent of a book a year.”
Walter Loban, School of Education
University of California, Berkeley
Source: M. H. Buckley (1992) “Focus on Research,” Language Arts, 69: 101-109.
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Do You Have the Right Stuff for the Job?
Employers ranked the following skills in terms of their importance for hiring college graduates. How would you rank these skills?
___ Analytical Skills ___Writing Skills
___Computer Skills ___Interpersonal Skills
___Teamwork Skills ___Leadership skills
___Oral Communication Skills
___Proficiency in Field of Study
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Communication FunctionsProvide More Examples
• Personal: To comfort a grieving friend
• Professional: _________________________
• Education: To give an A+ oral report in class
• Intercultural: __________________________ • Intellectual: To explain a complex principle
• Societal: To critically and fairly analyze the candidates in an election
• Ethical: To stand up and support what is right
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Define Communication
Use these words and phrases to write a definition of communication
verbal and nonverbal message
process contexts
meaning messages
cultures generate
channels within and across
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Communication Defined
The process of using verbal and nonverbal messages to generate meaning within and
across various contexts, cultures, and channels
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Context, Culture, and Channels
• Context: Where, when, with whom, and under what circumstances you communicate
• Culture: The characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors of diverse communicators
• Channels: Transmitting messages via sight, sound, taste, smell, and/or touch
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Seven Elements and Guiding Principles of
Effective Communication• Self: Know thy self• Others: Connect with others• Purpose: Determine your goal• Context: Adapt to the place and occasion• Content: Select appropriate content• Structure: Organize your message• Expression: Practice skillful expression
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Self and Others
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Purpose and Context
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Content and Structure
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Expression
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Communication Contexts
• Psychosocial Context
• Logistical Context
• Interactional Context
• Mediated Context
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Interactional Contexts
Provide a Second Example• Interpersonal Communication Examples:
(1) Parent and child; (2) ______________
• Group Communication Examples:
(1) Staff meeting; (2) _________________
• Presentational Communication Examples:
(1) Sermon; (2) _____________________
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Interpersonal Communication
Occurs when a limited number of people, usually two, interact for the purpose of sharing information, accomplishing a specific goal, or maintaining a relationship
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Group Communication
Occurs when three or more interdependent people interact for the purpose of achieving a common goal
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Presentational Communication
Occurs when speakers generate meaning with audience members who are usually present at the delivery of a presentation
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PowerPoint Quiz
Which key element of communication is addressed when a speaker asks: “What arguments should I use to support my ideas about gun control?”
A. Self E. Content
B. Others F. Structure
C. Purpose G. Expression
D. Context
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PowerPoint Quiz Which key element of communication
element is operating in this example? Cherie spends hours preparing an agenda for the upcoming meeting she will chair because she wants everyone to know exactly what topics will be discussed.
A. Self E. Content
B. Others F. Structure
C. Purpose G. Expression
D. Context
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Media Richness Theory
Face-to-face communication is the richest medium because you can see and respond to others instantly. use nonverbal communication to ______
________________________________. use your own natural speaking style. _______________________________.
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Communication Models
• Identify the basic components in the communication process
• Show how basic components relate to and interact with one another
• Explain why a communicative act did or did not achieve its purpose
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Early Communication Models
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Transactional Communication Model
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Match the Communication Terms
A. Encoding
B. Decoding
C. Feedback
D. Noise
E. Channel
__ verbal or nonverbal responses from others
__ prevent messages from reaching receivers as intended
__ the decision-making process that creates & sends messages
__ converts messages into understandable forms
__ means of message transmission
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Theories, Methods, and Tools
• Theories: Statements that describe, explain, and predict events and behavior
• Strategies: Specific plans of action you select to communicate with others
• Skills: Your ability to accomplish specific communicative goals
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Make Communication an Enduring Habit
A habit is “the intersection of knowledge, skill, and desire.”
“Knowledge is the theoretical paradigm, the what to do and the why. Skills represent how to do it. And desire is the motivation, the want to do it. In order to make something a habit in our lives, we have to have all three. . . .”
Stephen Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
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Apply the NCA Ethics Credo
Sneaky Pete borrows a speech written by a friend to use in his speech class. Other than making a few minor changes, Sneaky Pete presentations and submits this speech as his own.Which ethics credo principle did Sneaky Pete violate?
A. Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason.
B. Advocate sharing information, opinions, and feelings.
C. Accept responsibility for the short- and long-term consequences of our own communication.
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Communication Assessment
Are You an Effective Communicator? Rate the following communication competencies in terms of their importance to you for becoming a more effective communicator.
Item Extremely Important
Very Important
Fairly Important
Not Very Important
Not at all Important
1. Reduce your speaking anxiety
2. Listen effectively to others
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TEST Your Knowledge
Theories ask why; strategies ask what; skills ask how; and ethics asks
a. who.
b. where.
c. when.
d. whether.
e. all of the above.
See p. 21 for more review questions.