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Managing Cool Season Greens and Cole Crops

What’s in a name?

•  Crucifer-plants in the plant family Cruciferea. Also cruciferous.

•  Brassica-Brassicaceae=cruciferea. Brassica sp. •  Cole crops-cultivated crops in the species Brassica

oleracea. Includes-cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale and kohlrabi.

Cruciferous crops, but not cole crops

•  Turnip= Brassica rapa. •  Radish= Raphanus sativus. In family Brassicaceae •  Mustard= in genera Brassica and Sinapus. •  Garden cress= Lepidium sativum. Brassicaceae

Other cool weather crops…

•  Lettuce-sunflower family •  Spinach-goosefoot family

Cool season vegetable diseases

•  Black rot •  White rust •  White mold •  Downy mildew •  Rhizoctonia blight •  Black spot •  Aster yellows •  Fusarium wilt •  Unknown

Black rot

Black rot

Black rot

Black rot

•  Affects all crucifer crops •  Bacteria introduced crop residue, weeds, seed •  Favored by warm, humid weather •  Use tested seed/treat seed/inspect transplants •  Crop rotation 2-3 years •  Avoid over head irrigation •  Chemicals of limited importance

•  Actigard •  Copper products

Gerald Holmes

White rust

White rust-garden cress

White rust

•  Common on crucifer crops, spinach •  Primarily cosmetic •  Caused by water mold. Races exist. •  Survives in crop debris •  Crop rotation, fall tillage, resistant cultivars,

specialized fungicides •  Spinach-plant resistant cultivars

Sclerotinia rot

Gerald Holmes

Sclerotinia rot

Gerald Holmes

Sclerotinia rot

White mold

•  AKA, sclerotinia stem rot, watery soft rot •  Greater problem on lettuce (lettuce drop) •  Crop rotation, deep plowing, apply fungicides after

thinning, cover crops

Gerald Holmes

Downy mildew-lettuce

Downy mildew-lettuce

Bruce Watt

Downy mildew-lettuce

Gerald Holmes

Y. Shen

Downy mildew-cabbage

Downy mildew

•  Watermold •  Humid, cool weather-3-4 hrs of moisture •  Use resistant cultivars •  Specialized Fungicides

Gerald Holmes

Rhizoctonia blight

Gerald Holmes

Rhizoctonia blight

Rhizoctonia blight/bottom rot E. Maynard

Rhizoctonia blight/bottom rot-lettuce

•  Damping-off, leaf discoloration, plant collapse •  Fungus- long term soil survival •  Warm, moist conditions •  Contact with soil •  Management-rotation, fall tillage, well drained soils,

plastic mulch?, fungicides

E. Bush

Black spot

Gerald Holmes

Black spot

Black spot

•  Important on crucifer crops •  May survive on seed, crop residue •  6-8 hours leaf moisture required •  Management-use tested seed, crop rotation & fall

tillage, fungicides, partially resistant cultivars

W.M. Brown, Jr.

Aster yellows

Aster yellows

Aster yellows

•  Caused by phytoplasma •  Spread by leaf hopper •  Wide host range •  Stunting, yellowing, twisted stems/leaves, pink sap •  Avoid problem areas •  Get official diagnosis

W.M. Brown, Jr.

Fusarium wilt

Fusarium wilt/yellows

•  Yellowing, one-sided wilt, vascular discoloration •  Long lived resting spores •  Races •  Resistant varieties

•  May not work at high temperatures

Boron deficiency?

LUNA PRODUCTS-BAYER CROPSCIENCE

•  Luna experience-12 hr REI/7 day PHI •  Watermelon only •  fluopyram 17.6% (7), tebuconazole 17.6% (3) •  Alternaria leaf blight, anthracnose, gummy stem

blight, powdery mildew

LUNA PRODUCTS-BAYER CROPSCIENCE

•  Luna Sensation-12 hr REI/0 day PHI •  Watermelon only

•  fluopyram 21.4% (7), trifloxystrobin 21.4% (11) •  Alternaria leaf blight, anthracnose, powdery mildew

LUNA PRODUCTS-BAYER CROPSCIENCE

•  Luna Privilege-12 hr REI--0 day PHI WM & 7 days potato

•  Watermelon and potato

•  fluopyram 41.5% (7) •  Watermelon-Alternaria leaf blight, gummy stem

blight, powdery mildew •  Potato-early blight, white mold, Botrytis leaf spot,

silver scurf

Product Active ingredients Alt. blight Anth. Gummy s.b.

Pow. Mil.

Luna Experience

fluopyram/ tebuconazole

G G G G

Luna Privilege

fluopyram G G G

Luna Sensation

fluopyram/ trifloxystrobin

G G G

Luna Products labled on watermelon-Page 105 ID-56

PROLINE-BAYER CROPSCIENCE

•  12 hour REI/7 day PHI •  Cucurbit vegetables •  Fusarium wilt •  Gummy stem blight •  Southern blight •  Powdery mildew

PROLINE-BAYER CROPSCIENCE

•  Proline 480 SC may be applied by either ground or chemigation…..do not use in water used for hand transplanting.