Convergence 08

Virtualization Trends, Virtualization Trends, Challenges and SolutionsChallenges and Solutions

Naresh Sehgal, Ph.D., MBANaresh Sehgal, Ph.D., MBALead SW ArchitectLead SW Architect

Enterprise Platforms and Services DivisionEnterprise Platforms and Services DivisionIntel Corp, BangaloreIntel Corp, Bangalore

Email: naresh.k.sehgal@intel.comEmail: naresh.k.sehgal@intel.com

Convergence 08

Robert X. Cringely on Computers…Robert X. Cringely on Computers…

"If the automobile had followed the same "If the automobile had followed the same development cycle as the computer… development cycle as the computer…

A Rolls-Royce would today cost $100, A Rolls-Royce would today cost $100,

get a million miles per gallon, and get a million miles per gallon, and

explode once a year, killing everyone explode once a year, killing everyone inside.” inside.”

Convergence 08

Physical Host Hardware

Hardware Virtual Machines (VMs)Hardware Virtual Machines (VMs)

GFX

MemoryProcessors

Keyboard / Mouse

Graphics

StorageNetwork

Operating System

...App App App

Without VMs: Single OS owns all hardware resources

VM1VM0

Guest OS0

App AppApp ...

... Guest OS1

App ...

VM Monitor (VMM)

Physical Host Hardware

With VMs: Multiple OSes share hardware resources

A newA newlayer oflayer of

software...software...

AppApp

Virtualization enables multiple operating systems to run on the same platform

Virtualization enables multiple operating systems to run on the same platform

Convergence 08

How long has virtualization been around?How long has virtualization been around?

1.1. Recent development: ~5 yearsRecent development: ~5 years

2.2. A while: 10 yearsA while: 10 years

3.3. Older than Microsoft: 30 yearsOlder than Microsoft: 30 years

4.4. A lot longer…..>40 yearsA lot longer…..>40 years

Would you believe ~45 - 50 years?Would you believe ~45 - 50 years?

Convergence 08

IBM & MIT: IBM & MIT: Compatible Compatible Time Time Sharing SystemSharing System

Strachey: Strachey: Time Sharing in Large Fast Time Sharing in Large Fast ComputersComputers

IBM: M44/44X IBM: M44/44X ProjectProject

MIT: Project MIT: Project MACMAC

Goldberg: Goldberg: Survey of Virtual Machines Survey of Virtual Machines ResearchResearch

Connectix is Connectix is foundedfounded

VMWare VMWare is is foundedfounded

Microsoft acquires Microsoft acquires ConnectixConnectix

Open source Open source Xen Xen is releasedis released

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Today

Intel introducesIntel introducesIntel Virtualization Intel Virtualization

TechnologyTechnology

VirtualizationVirtualization

Convergence 08

Virtualization ChallengesVirtualization ChallengesComplexityComplexity

CPU virtualization requires binary translation or CPU virtualization requires binary translation or paravirtualizationparavirtualizationMust emulate I/O devices in softwareMust emulate I/O devices in software

FunctionalityFunctionalityParavirtualization may limit supported guest OSesParavirtualization may limit supported guest OSesGuest OSes “see” only simulated platform and I/O devicesGuest OSes “see” only simulated platform and I/O devices

Reliability and ProtectionReliability and ProtectionI/O device drivers run as part of host OS or hypervisorI/O device drivers run as part of host OS or hypervisorNo protection from errant DMA that corrupts memoryNo protection from errant DMA that corrupts memory

PerformancePerformanceOverheads of address translation in softwareOverheads of address translation in softwareExtra memory required (e.g., translated code, shadow tables)Extra memory required (e.g., translated code, shadow tables)

Convergence 08

With VTWith VTVM0

WinXP

Apps

VMn

Linux

Apps

CPUn

Processorswith

VT-x (or VT-i)

VT-x

CPU0

Processor VirtualizationProcessor Virtualization

Without VTWithout VT

VMM

CPUn

Processors(Standard

IA-32 or IPF)CPU0

VM0

Legacy OS

Apps

1 RingDeprivileging

Ring 3

Ring 1

Ring 0Binary Translation

Cache

Binary Translator

2 BinaryTranslation

Ring 3

Ring 0

VMXRootMode H/W VM Control

Structure (VMCS)

VMM

Memory and I/OVirtualization

Ring

Compression

VMEntry

VMExit

Guest OSes run at intended rings

VMCSConfiguration

3Para-Virtualization

VMn

Modified OS

Apps

Convergence 08

IntelIntel®® Virtualization Technology (VT) Virtualization Technology (VT)

IntelIntel®® VT VT

First to market with native virtualization support

Broadest HW and SW ecosystem support

CoreTM 2 Microarchitecture based systems

Significant increase in performance and improved VT performance overall segments

Mobile - Intel® Core™2 Duo Mobile Processor for Intel® Centrino® Duo Mobile Technology

Desktop - Intel® Core™2 Duo Desktop Processor E6000 sequence -

Server Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® Processor 5100 series

Get More Done On Every ServerGet More Capabilities On Client

Processors with Intel® Virtualization Technology

Virtual Machine Monitor

..…OSOS

AppApp

OSOS

AppApp

OSOS

AppApp

OSOS

AppApp

and others …

11stst VT base SW VT base SW SolutionsSolutions

Convergence 08

Today’s Uses – Servers Today’s Uses – Servers Virtualization addresses today’s IT concernsVirtualization addresses today’s IT concerns

10:1 in many cases10:1 in many cases Enables rapid deploymentEnables rapid deployment

Server ConsolidationServer Consolidation

HWnHWn

……

HW0HW0

VM1VM1 VMnVMn

OSOS

AppApp

OSOS

AppApp ……

HWHW

VM1VM1 VMnVMn

VMMVMM

OSOS

AppApp

OSOS

AppApp

Test and DevelopmentTest and DevelopmentVM1VM1

HWHW

VMMVMM

OSOS

AppApp

OSOS

AppApp

Virtualization increases server utilization, Virtualization increases server utilization, simplifies legacy software migrationsimplifies legacy software migration

Convergence 08

Emerging Server Usage ModelsEmerging Server Usage ModelsTrue “Lights Out” DatacenterTrue “Lights Out” Datacenter

HWHW

VMMVMM

HW HW

VMMVMM

Balancing utilization Balancing utilization with head room with head room

Dynamic Load BalancingDynamic Load BalancingVM1aVM1a

OSOS

AppApp11

VM2aVM2a

OSOS

AppApp22

VM1bVM1b

OSOS

AppApp33

VM2bVM2b

OSOS

AppApp44

Disaster RecoveryDisaster RecoveryVM1VM1

HWHW

VMMVMM

OSOS

AppApp ……

VMnVMn

OSOS

AppApp

HWHW

VM1VM1

VMMVMM

OSOS

AppApp ……

VMnVMn

OSOS

AppApp

IntelIntel®® Virtualization Technology will play an Virtualization Technology will play anintegral role on the next generation of VMMsintegral role on the next generation of VMMs

Upholding high-levels Upholding high-levels of business continuityof business continuity

CPU Usage30%

CPU Usage90%

CPU Usage62%

CPU Usage63%

Convergence 08

Emerging Business Usage ModelsEmerging Business Usage Models

Intel Platform SoftwareIntel Platform Software

ProfessionalProfessionalBusinessBusinessPlatformPlatform

ProactiveProactiveSecuritySecurity

Energy Efficient Energy Efficient PerformancePerformance

Built-in Management

Convergence 08

vProvProTMTM Key Features Key Features

RemotelyRemotely Manageability - Manageability - Repair down systemsRepair down systems

Securely update systemsSecurely update systemsAudit powered-down PCsAudit powered-down PCs

Prevents malicious packets Prevents malicious packets from entering the OSfrom entering the OS

Supported by over 45 OEMs, ISVs, & IT Outsourcers

HP OpenView

More details in the IDF vProTM tracks

Convergence 08

IntelIntel®® Virtualization and Virtualization and IntelIntel®® vPro™ technology vPro™ technology

Uses IntelUses Intel®® VT for creating a separate VT for creating a separate independent hardware-based independent hardware-based environment inside of the PC environment inside of the PC

Service PartitionService Partition – –

Allowing IT administrators to create Allowing IT administrators to create a dedicated and tamper resistant a dedicated and tamper resistant service environment or partition service environment or partition where tasks can run independently where tasks can run independently and isolated from the main and isolated from the main operating system as well as from operating system as well as from the end userthe end user

User partition -User partition -

OS and applicationOS and application

.

Intel® architecture PlatformIntel® architecture Platform

Lightweight VMM (LWVMM)Lightweight VMM (LWVMM)

User Partition Service Partition

VM0 VM1

User OS (Win2K, XP)

App0 App1 AppnService OS

(WinCE or Linux)

“Firewall”Application

“Management” Application

Intel, the Intel logo, and Intel architecture are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.

VTAMT

Help desk or console access even when user partition is “down”

Stack owned and managed by IT dept… protected from users

Convergence 08

Intel® Virtualization Technology Intel® Virtualization Technology EvolutionEvolution

VMMSoftwareEvolution

PastNo Hardware

SupportVMM software evolution over time with hardware support

Software-only VMMs• Binary translation• Paravirtualization

Simpler and more Secure VMM through foundation of virtualizable ISAs

Vector 3:I/O Focus

Standards for IO-device sharing:• Multi-context I/O devices• Endpoint device translation caching• Under definition in the PCI-SIG* IOV

Vector 1:Processor Focus

Vector 2:Platform Focus

Establish foundation for virtualization in the IA-32 and Itanium architectures…

VT-x

VT-i

… followed by on-going evolution of support:• Micro-architectural (e.g., lower VM switch times)• Architectural (e.g., extended page tables, EPT)

Hardware support for IO-device virtualization:• Device DMA remapping• Direct assignment of I/O devices to VMs• Device-independent control over DMA

VT-d

Increasingly better CPU and I/O virtualization Performance and Functionality as I/O devices and VMMs exploit infrastructure provided by VT-x, VT-i, VT-d

*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others

Today

PCI-SIG

Convergence 08

Options for I/O VirtualizationOptions for I/O Virtualization

Pro: High Pro: High PerformancePerformance

Pro: I/O Device Pro: I/O Device SharingSharing

Pro: VM MigrationPro: VM Migration

Con: Large Con: Large HypervisorHypervisor

Pro: Higher Pro: Higher PerformancePerformance

Pro: Rich Device Pro: Rich Device FeaturesFeatures

Con: Limited SharingCon: Limited Sharing

Con: VM Migration Con: VM Migration LimitsLimits

Hypervisor

SharedDevices

I/O Services

Device Drivers

VM0

Guest OSand Apps

VMn

Guest OSand Apps

Hypervisor Model

AssignedDevices

Hypervisor

VM0

Guest OSand Apps

DeviceDrivers

VMn

Guest OSand Apps

DeviceDrivers

Pass-through Model

Pro: Higher SecurityPro: Higher Security

Pro: I/O Device Pro: I/O Device SharingSharing

Pro: VM MigrationPro: VM Migration

Con: Lower Con: Lower PerformancePerformance

SharedDevices

I/O Services

Hypervisor

Device Drivers

Service VMs

VMn

VM0

Guest OSand Apps

Guest VMs

Service VM Model

VT Goal: Support all 3 ModelsVT Goal: Support all 3 Models

Convergence 08

VT-d OverviewVT-d Overview

VT-d provides infrastructure for I/O virtualizationVT-d provides infrastructure for I/O virtualizationDefines architecture for DMA and interrupt remappingDefines architecture for DMA and interrupt remapping

Common architecture across IA platformsCommon architecture across IA platforms

Will be supported broadly across IntelWill be supported broadly across Intel®® chipsets chipsets

CPU CPU

DRAM

South Bridge

System Bus

PCI Express

PCI, LPC, Legacy devices, …

IntegratedDevices

North Bridge

VT-d

PCIe* Root Ports

*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others

Convergence 08

How VTd works?How VTd works?

Each VM thinks it is Each VM thinks it is 0 address based0 address based

GPA (Guest Physical GPA (Guest Physical Address)Address)

But mapped to a But mapped to a different address in different address in the system memorythe system memory

HPA (Host Physical HPA (Host Physical Address)Address)

VTd does the VTd does the address mapping address mapping between GPA and between GPA and HPAHPA

Catches any DMA Catches any DMA attempt to cross VM attempt to cross VM memory boundarymemory boundary

VM2

VM0

VM1

0

100

0

100

0

100

10 260

30050

0

600

1000

100

200

250

350

700

Convergence 08

Memory-resident Partitioning & Translation Structures

Device Assignment Structures

Address Translation Structures

Device D1

Device D2

Address Translation Structures

DMA Remapping: Hardware Overview

DMA Requests

Device ID Virtual Address Length

Memory Access with Host Physical Address

DMA RemappingEngine

Translation Cache

Context Cache

Fault Generation

…Bus 255

Bus 0

Bus N

Dev 31, Func 7

Dev P, Func 1

Dev 0, Func 0

Dev P, Func 2

4KBPage

Frame

4KB Page Tables

Convergence 08

VT-d Applied to Hypervisor Model

Pro: Higher PerformancePro: I/O Device SharingPro: VM MigrationCon: Larger Hypervisor

Hypervisor

SharedDevices

I/O Services

Device Drivers

VM0

Guest OSand Apps

VMn

Guest OSand Apps

Hypervisor ModelHypervisor ModelImproved Reliability and ProtectionHypervisor programs remap tables

Errant DMA is detected by hardware and reported to hypervisor / device driver

Bounce Buffer SupportLimited DMA addressability in I/O devices limits access to high memory

“Bounce buffer” is a software technique to copy I/O buffers into high memory

VT-d eliminates need for “bounce buffer”

Above equally useful for standard OSesVT-d does not require a VMM to function

Convergence 08

VT-d Applied to Service VM Model

Pro: High SecurityPro: I/O Device SharingPro: VM MigrationCon: Lower Performance

SharedDevices

I/O Services

Hypervisor

Device Drivers

Service VMs

VMn

VM0

Guest OSand Apps

Guest VMs

Service VM ModelService VM ModelDevice Driver Deprivileging

Device drivers run above hypervisor as part of a “Service OS”

Guest device drivers program devices in DMA-virtual address space

Service VMForwards DMA API calls to hypervisor

Hypervisor sets up DMA-virtual to host-physical translation

Further Improvements in ProtectionGuest device driver cannot compromise hypervisor code or data

Convergence 08

VT-d Applied to Pass-through Model

Pro: Highest PerformancePro: Smaller HypervisorPro: Device-assisted sharingCon: VM Migration Limits

AssignedDevices

Hypervisor

VM0

Guest OSand Apps

DeviceDrivers

VMn

Guest OSand Apps

DeviceDrivers

Pass-through ModelPass-through ModelDirect Device Assignment to Guest OS

Guest OS directly programs physical device

For legacy guests, hypervisor sets up guest- to host-physical DMA mapping

For remapping aware guests, hypervisor involved in map/unmap of DMA buffers

PCI-SIG I/O Virtualization Working GroupActivity towards standardizing natively sharable I/O devices

IOV devices provide virtual interfaces, each independently assignable to VMs

Convergence 08

DMA Remapping: IOTLB Scaling

Address Translation Services (ATS) extensions to PCIe* enable IOTLB scaling

ATS endpoint implements ‘Device IOTLBs’

Device-IOTLBs can be used to improve performanceE.g., Cache only static translations (e.g. command buffers)

Pre-fetch translations to reduce latency

Minimizes dependency on root-complex caching

Support device-specific demand I/O paging*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others

Convergence 08

Root Complex

Tra

nsla

tion

Req

uest

Endpoint Device

Remap Hardware IOTLB

Address Translation Services (ATS)

Device IOTLB

Translate Address

Tra

nsla

ted

DM

A R

eque

st

DMA using Translated Address

Tra

nsla

tion

Res

pons

e

ATS Translation FlowsDevice issues Translation Requests to root-complex

Root-complex provides Translation Response

Device caches translation locally in ‘Device IOTLB’

Devices can issue DMA with translated address

Translated DMA from enabled devices bypass address translation

*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others

VT-d supports per-device control of ATSVT-d supports per-device control of ATS

Convergence 08

Invalidation Architecture

Invalidation enforces consistency of cachesRequired when software updates translation structures

Invalidation primitivesGlobal, domain-selective, and page-range invalidationsSupport for Device-IOTLB invalidation (through ATS)

Invalidation software interfacesSynchronous interface through MMIO registersQueued interface through invalidation queue

Convergence 08

Inva

lidat

ion

Res

pons

e

ATS Invalidations

Endpoint Device

Root Complex

Remap Hardware IOTLB

Device IOTLB

Inva

lidat

ion

Req

uest

ATS Invalidation FlowRoot-complex issues invalidation request to device

Device invalidates specified mappings from Device IOTLB

Device issues Invalidation response

Invalidation detailsInvalidation request contains unique Invalidation Tag

Invalidation Responses may be coalesced*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others

Invalidate Device-IOTLB

Convergence 08

Mapping to VMM Software ChallengesMapping to VMM Software Challenges

CPUn

VM0

MemoryProcessors I/O Devices

Processor Virtualization Memory Virtualization I/O Device Virtualization

Higher-level VMM Functions:Resource Discovery / Provisioning / Scheduling / User Interface

CPU0

Storage

Network

…VirtualMachines

(VMs)

VMM(a.k.a.,

hypervisor)

PhysicalPlatform

Resources

VM1

OS

Apps

VM2 VMn

OS

Apps

BinaryTranslation

RingDeprivileging

Page-tableShadowing

I/O DMARemapping

InterruptRemapping

I/O DeviceEmulation

VM0 VM2

OS

Apps

OS

Apps

CPUn

CPU0

Virtual CPUConfiguration

EPTConfiguration

DMA and Interrupt Remapping Configuration

I/O DeviceSharing

VT-x

VT-x2 VMDq

VT-d2

PCI SIGVT-d

Convergence 08

Example 6: Virtualization overhead on IntelExample 6: Virtualization overhead on Intel®® experimental client experimental client

VMM* (vs. Native OS)VMM* (vs. Native OS)

85.69%

97.88%93.90%

83.44%

99.67%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

System CPU Memory Graphic HDD

PCMark Performance Indicator

• Relatively low Virtualization overheads for client benchmark•Targeting <10% overhead with improved SW techniques

• Further VMM SW optimization and Next generation VT features to reduce virtualization overheads

* Pre beta version Source: Intel Corporation Projections and technical specifications are based on internal analysis and

subject to change

Convergence 08

Summary: A better IA platformSummary: A better IA platform

Performance HeadroomPerformance Headroom

Intel® Xeon® processors have Intel® Xeon® processors have key performance featureskey performance features for for virtualization: dual-core, hyper-threading, I/O, memory, and larger virtualization: dual-core, hyper-threading, I/O, memory, and larger caches caches

First to Market & Massive Ecosystem Support:First to Market & Massive Ecosystem Support:

Better Platform Reliability:Better Platform Reliability:

Critical for more applications on the same serverCritical for more applications on the same server

More reliability features More reliability features

Proven Platform Architecture - almost 40X more Proven Platform Architecture - almost 40X more IA based servers than AMD based since 1996IA based servers than AMD based since 199611

Whitepaper on Virtualization benefits: http://www.intel.com/business/bss/products/server/virtualization_wp.pdf

“Choose the right basket”

RobustRobust: First x86 hardware assisted virtualization technology (Intel VT): First x86 hardware assisted virtualization technology (Intel VT)

InnovationInnovation: common specification = enhanced virtualization on x86 and will : common specification = enhanced virtualization on x86 and will set the standard set the standard

FlexibilityFlexibility: Leverage Intel® Xeon® processor-based servers widely deployed : Leverage Intel® Xeon® processor-based servers widely deployed infrastructure for advanced failover and dynamic load balancinginfrastructure for advanced failover and dynamic load balancing

ChoiceChoice: Broadest virtualization software support in the industry : Broadest virtualization software support in the industry

1 – source: Q4’05 IDC server Tracker, 1996-2005 total system shipped

Convergence 08

Backup

Q & A

Convergence 08

Example 1: SysBench Running Example 1: SysBench Running with VMware*’s ESX Server*with VMware*’s ESX Server*

SysBench normalized results graph

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

4 VM 2 VM 1 VM

Number of virtual machines

No

rma

liz

ed

sc

ore

s

Dual-Core AMD Opteron285-based server

Dual-Core Intel Xeonprocessor 5160-basedserver

Figure 1: Normalized SysBench results for the two test servers in the one, two, and four virtual machine environments. Higher numbers are better.

*Source: Principled Technologies (PT) performance report http://www.principledtechnologies.com/clients/reports/Intel/VMSysBench0706.pdf

Significant perfo

rmance

lead over competition

System configuration in backup foils

Convergence 08

Example 2: SPECjbb Running Example 2: SPECjbb Running with VMware*’s ESX Server**with VMware*’s ESX Server**

Figure 2: Normalized SPECjbb2005 results for the two test servers in the one, two, and four virtual machine environments. Higher numbers are better.

SPECjbb2005 normalized results graph

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

4 VM 2 VM 1 VM

Number of virtual machines

No

rma

liz

ed

sc

ore

s

Dual-Core AMD Opteron285-based server

Dual-Core Intel Xeonprocessor 5160-basedserver

* *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others

**Source: Principled Technologies (PT) performance report

Comparing Dual-Core AMD Opteron 285 with Dual-Core Intel®® Xeon ®® Processor 5160

perform

ance le

ad over c

ompetition

Convergence 08

Example 3:Example 3:Microsoft* Virtual Server*Microsoft* Virtual Server*

Source: Intel Corporation Projections and technical specifications are based on internal analysis and subject to change

VMM – Microsoft* Virtual Server* 2005 R2 SP1 Java JFT workload

Guest OS - Windows 2003* Enterprise Edition R2 (32 bit)

Benchmark - JVM BEA WebLogic x`® (build R26.0.0-188-52875-1.5.0_04-2005110-0920-linux-x86_64)

Systems –

HP DL385 2 AMD Opteron 2.6GHz 2x1MBIntel®® Dual-Core Intel ®® Xeon®® Processor 3.0G SuperMicro SDP 16x1GB

*Other names and brands may be claimed as property of others. System Configuration details in backup. Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit http://www.intel.com/performance/resources/limits.htm or call (U.S.) 1-800-628-8686 or 1-916-356-3104.

1

1.53

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

HP DL385 with 2*AMDOpteron 2.6GHz

SuperMicro SDP with 2* Dual-Core Intel ®

Xeon Processor3.0GHz

Java Performance with 4 VMs - JVM BEA WebLogic JRockit® on Microsoft* Virtual Server

Up to 53%

gain

Convergence 08

Example 4: Example 4: Energy Efficient PerformanceEnergy Efficient Performance

IntelIntel® Core CoreTMTM 2 Duo based system provide Energy Efficient Performance (EEP ) Leadership in virtualized environment

Source: Intel Corporation Projections and technical specifications are based on internal analysis and subject to change

1

1.6

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

HP DL385 with 2*AMDOpteron 2.6GHz

SuperMicro SDP with 2*Dual-Core Intel ® Xeon

Processor 3.0GHz

Performance/Watt - - JVM BEA WebLogic JRockit® on Microsoft* Virtual Server

Convergence 08

Example 5: MS VS SpecJBB 2005*Example 5: MS VS SpecJBB 2005*

IntelIntel® ®

XEONXEON®® SW Virtualized guest performance is 1.66x of Opteron SW Virtualized guest performance is 1.66x of Opteron

Host OSHost OS Microsoft* Server 2003 X64 Microsoft* Server 2003 X64 Enterprise Edition SP1 RTM Enterprise Edition SP1 RTM

VirtualizationVirtualization

Microsoft* Virtual Server* R2 Beta Microsoft* Virtual Server* R2 Beta SP1 ver. 1.1.512.0 EESP1 ver. 1.1.512.0 EE

Drop B1036 vmm.sysDrop B1036 vmm.sys

Microsoft* Virtual Machine Microsoft* Virtual Machine Windows* Guest Editions ver. Windows* Guest Editions ver. 13.70513.705

Guest OSGuest OS RedHat V9 2.4.20-8 kernel (32-bit)RedHat V9 2.4.20-8 kernel (32-bit)

WorkloadWorkload SpecJBB 2005SpecJBB 2005

Source: Intel Corporation Projections and technical specifications are based on internal analysis and subject to change

8408

13938

16404

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Bops

Opteron 1P RH32Guest (SW)

Intel ® XEON 5100series (SW)

Intel ® XEON 5100series (VT)

SpecJBB 2005 Microsoft VS R2 SP1 (RH32 Guests)

1.66X

1.18X

1.95X

Intel® XEON® VT performance is 1.18x of Software (no VT) Intel® XEON®

Intel® XEON® VT performance is 1.95x of Opteron SW (no Pacifica)