concept map asthma
TRANSCRIPT
5/13/2018 Concept Map Asthma - slidepdf.com
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Identify & avoid
personal triggers
Avoid exposure to cold
air
Avoid NSAIDs, aspirin,
nonselective B blockers
Desensitization
Prompt diagnosis &
treatment of URTI &
sinusitis
Maintain OFI 2-3L/day Good nutrition, adequate
Auscultate lung
sounds
Take VS
Monitor ABG
Pulse oximetry
PEFR
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Genetics
Infection
Allergens
Exercise
Irritants
Immune activation Activates B cells
SecretesImmunoglobulin
Binds to mast
cells in the
Mast cell
degranulation
Release of inflammatory
mediators
Immune
Corticosteroids
(1st line therapy)
Mast cell
Leukotriene
Monoclonal
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Vasodilation
Increase vascular
permeability
Bronchoconstrictio
n (smooth muscle
contraction)
Vascular
congestion
Edema
Increase mucus
productionImpa
ed ciliary functio
Mucosal wall
swelling
Thickened airw
walls
Narrowed airways
Air flow limitation
Wheezing
HyperresonanDyspnea:Inc RR;
use of
accessory
Cough
Decrease
oxygentatio
Hypoxemi
Thick, stringy
mucus
Unrelieved/untrea
ted
Exhaustion
Lack of muscle
force
Bronchodilators
:
B2 Adrenergic
agonist
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Restlessness
Increased anxi
Inappropriat
behavior
Inc PR and B
Inability
to
complete
Significant
decrease in air
movement
Diminished/absent
breath sounds
Respiratory failureWOF HR>120 bpm
Pulsus paradoxus
RR >30 rpm
Wheezessilent
Patient speaks in
words
O2 sat <90; paO2
<60 mmHg
PaCO2>45 mmHg;
PEFR<100L/min
2-4 puffs short-acting B
adrenergic agonist
every 20 minutes 3x or
1 nebulized treatment
Talking down &
abdominal breathi
Pursed lip breathin
Positioning