Concentric zone theory

Concentric zone theoryMorgan Howard

Origins of theoryDeveloped in the 1920s by Ernest Burgess and Robert Park, University of ChicagoSought to explain the socioeconomic divides in and out of the cityModel was based on Chicagos city layoutFirst theory to explain the distribution of social groups

What is the concentric zone theory?Social structures extend outward from one central business area.Population density decreases towards outward zonesShows correlation between socioeconomic status and the distance from the central business districtAlso known as the Burgess Model, the Bulls Eye Model, the Concentric Ring Model, or the Concentric Circles Model.

Zone 1: Central business DistrictNon-residential center for business.Downtown areaEmphasis on business and commerceCommuted to by residents of other zones

Zone 2: Zone of TransitionLeast desirable place to live in the cityDilapidated housing and infrastructureLarge percentage rentHighest crime rateHigh rate of people moving in and out

Zone 3: Working ClassModest older homesStable, working class familiesCan afford to move out of Zone 2Second generation immigrants

Zone 4: Middle classNewer, more spacious homesLess likely to be rentedWell educated

Zone 5: CommutersMostly upper classCan afford to commute into city for work or entertainment

Social disorganizationShaw and McKay (1930s)Disease, Deterioration, DemoralizationPoverty stricken areas have a higher rate of crimeHigh rate of residents moving in and outLessened sense of community

Problems with the theoryDoes not work with more modern cities, or cities outside of the United StatesAssumes an unchanging landscapeAssumes flat land, without geographic features inhibiting growthDecentralization of business areas

referencesBunyi, Joan. ": Concentric Zone Model." : Concentric Zone Model. Lewis Historical Society, 1 May 2010. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. .Pick, Ashley. "Social Disorganization." Crime and Place. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. .