components of computer final

8/9/2019 Components of Computer Final

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OF COMPUTER

SYSTEM

Presented By:

Sourabh Saini

Rajaak bral

Sumeet Singh


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What is computer?

An Electronic Devicethat stores, retrieves

and processes data andcan be programmed withinstructions. A computeris composed of hardwareand software and canexist in a variety of sizesand configurations.


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What Makes a Computer SoPowerful?

Computers are not intelligent. They willdo only what we ask them to do.

Speed A computer can perform billions

of calculations per second.Reliability The electronic components

are dependable.

Accuracy If data is entered correctly,computers generate error-free results.

Storage Computers can store andretrieve unlimited amounts of data andinformation.

Communications Computers can

communicate and share resources withother computers.


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HARDWARE AND

SOFTWARE# The term hardware refers to the

physical components of yourcomputer such as system unit,

motherboard, mouse , keyboardetc.

# The software is the instructions

that makes a computer work.Software is either held on yourcomputers hard disk, cd-rom oron a diskette and is loaded fromthe disk into the computers

RAM, as and when required.


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COMPONENTS OF

COMPUTER SYSTEM

These are of basically of four types:-

INPUT DEVICES

STORAGE

CPU

OUTPUT DEVICES


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Input devices are used to get data into aInput devices are used to get data into asystem. The ideal input devices would besystem. The ideal input devices would beable to get data into a system asable to get data into a system as

accurately as possible, in the leastaccurately as possible, in the leastamount of time and preferably withoutamount of time and preferably withouthuman intervention.human intervention.

DEVICES


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1.1. KEYBOARDKEYBOARD

2.2. MOUSEMOUSE

3.3. TRACKBALLTRACKBALL

4.4. JOYSTICKJOYSTICK

5.5. LIGHTPENLIGHTPEN

6.6. OPTICAL MARK READERSOPTICAL MARK READERS

7.7. OPTICAL CHARACTER READERSOPTICAL CHARACTER READERS

8.8. BARCODE READERSBARCODE READERS

9.9. MICRSMICRS

10.10.MICROPHONEMICROPHONE

TYPES OF INPUTDEVICES


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Mostcommon and very popular input device.Layout of keyboard is same as that of a type

writer.

KEYBOARD


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MOUSE

A mouse is an input device that translates its movementsA mouse is an input device that translates its movementson the desktop into digital information; this is feed to theon the desktop into digital information; this is feed to thecomputer which in turn causes the cursor to move on thecomputer which in turn causes the cursor to move on thescreen.screen.


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TRACKBALL

A trackball is a pointingdevice similar to a rollerball mouse.


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JOYSTICKJoystick a personalcomputer peripheral orgeneral control deviceconsisting of ahandheld stick that

pivots about one endand transmits its anglein two or three

dimensions to acomputer.


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LIGHT PEN

It is a pointing devicewhich is used to select a

displayed menu item ordraw pictures on themonitor screen, it has aphotocell and an optical

system placed in a smalltube.


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OPTICAL MARK

READER

These are capable ofrecognizing aprescribed type ofmark made by pen or

pencil. These areused in checkingOMR sheets.


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CHARACTER R

EADERThese devices are

capable ofdetecting alphabeticand numericcharacters printed in

paper, either type-written or handwritten. Need to takespecial care.


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-READERS

Bar-code reading is

performed by laserbeam scanner whichis linked to acomputer. The laser

beam is strokedacross the pattern ofbits that is recordedas input data.


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MICRThese devices are used in

banks to speed up theprocessing of large volumeof cheques.

It reads the bankidentification code(name,branch etc),account no.and cheque no.

Ink containing Iron-oxide

particles is used.


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MICROPHONE

This device is usedto input sound ,which is then storedin the digital form.

STORAGE


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STORAGE

UNIT

Data and instructions entered into a computersystem through input devices have to be

stored inside the computer system beforeactual processing starts.


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PRIMARY

STORAGE

It is also known as main memory.

It is used to hold pieces of programinstructions ,data and intermediate results of

processing which the computer is currentlyworking.


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RAM

Primary storage of acomputer is often referredto as RAM because of itsrandom access memory.

RAM chips are volatilememory.
http://ralphlosey.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/ram.jpg


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SECONDARY

STORAGE

It is also known as auxiliary storage.

It is used to take care of limitation of primarystorage.


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MAGNATIC TAPE

Commonly usedsecondary storage

device.Plastic ribbon is coated

with a magnetizablerecording material.

Data record in the formof tiny invisible spots
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MAGNATIC DISK

It is the most popularonline secondarystorage device.

It is a thin circular platemade up of plastic.

Data is recorded inform of tiny invisiblemagnetized and non-magnetized spots

TYPES OF MAGNETIC


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TYPES OF MAGNETICDISK

Floppy Disk Hard Disk


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OPTICAL DISK

Consisted of a circular disk, which is coated witha thin metal.

It is also known as laser disk.

Because laser beam is used for the recording ofdata on disk.


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PENDRIVE

It is a new secondary storage

device based on flash memory,provides easy transport of datafrom one computer to another

Compact size in the form of

pen, comes in various shapesdesigns.


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Often referred to as the brain of the computer.Responsible for controlling all activities of the computer system.

Performs all Calculations and comparisons.

C.U and ALU together are known as CPU.

PROCESSING

UNIT


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A.L.UALU is the place of the computer system where

actual execution of instructions takes place duringthe processing operation.

Calculations are performed and comparisons aremade in ALU.

Data and instructions stored in primary storagebefore processing are transferred as and when

needed to ALU, while processing takes place.Inter-mediate results generated in ALU are

temporarily transferred back to primary storage untilneeded later. Hence data moves to-and-fro betweenstorage and ALU many times before processing is

over.

SOME


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SOME

QUESTIONS?How does an input device knows that

it is time for it to input the data tostorage unit?How does the ALU know, what should

be done with data once it isreceived.?

How it is that only results for outputare sent to an output device and notthe intermediate results?


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UNITControl unit acts as a central nervous system for

other components of the computer system.It manages and co-ordinates the entire computer

system.

It obtains instructions from the program stored

in main memory, interprets the instructions, andissues signals causing other units of the systemto execute them.


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An output device is anelectromechanical

device that acceptsdata from a computer

and translate into aform suitable for use byoutside world.


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TYPES OF OUTPUTSoft-copy output : They are noton paper or some material that

can be carried for being shown toothers.

Hard-copy output : They

produced on paper or some othermaterial and they can be carriedfor being shown to others.


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Monitors

PrintersPlotters

Screen image projector

Voice response system


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The most popularoutput devices usedfor producing soft-copyoutput.

Display the output on

a television likescreen.


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Printers are the

most popularoutput

devices used

todayfor producing hard

copy output.


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They are character printers that print onecharacter at a time.

Speed usually ranging between 30 to 600characters per second.

Cheap in cost


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They are character printersthat form characters and

all kind of images byspraying small drops of inkon paper.


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Laser printers are pageprinters that print onepage at a time.

They produce very highquality output becausethey form character byvery tiny ink particles.

They produce printedoutput with the help oflaser beam.


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Plotters are an ideal output device for architects,engineers, city planners, and others who need toroutinely generate high-precision, hard-copy, graphicoutput of varying sizes.


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Drum Plotters : in this the paper on which thedesign is to be made is placed over a drumthat can be rotate in both clockwise and anti-

clockwise direction.


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Flat-bed plotter

In this plotter plots adesign on a sheet ofpaper spread and

fixed over arectangular flatbedtable. In this paperdoes not move only

the pen moves.


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SCREEN IMAGE

PROJECTORIt is an output devicewhich used to projectinformation fromcomputer on a largescreen.

Useful for makingpresentations to a group

of people with direct useof computer


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VOICE RESPONSE

SYSTEM

Just a speech recognition system allows a user

to talk with computer.

A voice response system has an audio-responsedevice that produce audio output.


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