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OF COMPUTER
SYSTEM
Presented By:
Sourabh Saini
Rajaak bral
Sumeet Singh
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What is computer?
An Electronic Devicethat stores, retrieves
and processes data andcan be programmed withinstructions. A computeris composed of hardwareand software and canexist in a variety of sizesand configurations.
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What Makes a Computer SoPowerful?
Computers are not intelligent. They willdo only what we ask them to do.
Speed A computer can perform billions
of calculations per second.Reliability The electronic components
are dependable.
Accuracy If data is entered correctly,computers generate error-free results.
Storage Computers can store andretrieve unlimited amounts of data andinformation.
Communications Computers can
communicate and share resources withother computers.
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HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE# The term hardware refers to the
physical components of yourcomputer such as system unit,
motherboard, mouse , keyboardetc.
# The software is the instructions
that makes a computer work.Software is either held on yourcomputers hard disk, cd-rom oron a diskette and is loaded fromthe disk into the computers
RAM, as and when required.
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COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEM
These are of basically of four types:-
INPUT DEVICES
STORAGE
CPU
OUTPUT DEVICES
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Input devices are used to get data into aInput devices are used to get data into asystem. The ideal input devices would besystem. The ideal input devices would beable to get data into a system asable to get data into a system as
accurately as possible, in the leastaccurately as possible, in the leastamount of time and preferably withoutamount of time and preferably withouthuman intervention.human intervention.
DEVICES
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1.1. KEYBOARDKEYBOARD
2.2. MOUSEMOUSE
3.3. TRACKBALLTRACKBALL
4.4. JOYSTICKJOYSTICK
5.5. LIGHTPENLIGHTPEN
6.6. OPTICAL MARK READERSOPTICAL MARK READERS
7.7. OPTICAL CHARACTER READERSOPTICAL CHARACTER READERS
8.8. BARCODE READERSBARCODE READERS
9.9. MICRSMICRS
10.10.MICROPHONEMICROPHONE
TYPES OF INPUTDEVICES
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Mostcommon and very popular input device.Layout of keyboard is same as that of a type
writer.
KEYBOARD
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MOUSE
A mouse is an input device that translates its movementsA mouse is an input device that translates its movementson the desktop into digital information; this is feed to theon the desktop into digital information; this is feed to thecomputer which in turn causes the cursor to move on thecomputer which in turn causes the cursor to move on thescreen.screen.
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TRACKBALL
A trackball is a pointingdevice similar to a rollerball mouse.
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JOYSTICKJoystick a personalcomputer peripheral orgeneral control deviceconsisting of ahandheld stick that
pivots about one endand transmits its anglein two or three
dimensions to acomputer.
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LIGHT PEN
It is a pointing devicewhich is used to select a
displayed menu item ordraw pictures on themonitor screen, it has aphotocell and an optical
system placed in a smalltube.
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OPTICAL MARK
READER
These are capable ofrecognizing aprescribed type ofmark made by pen or
pencil. These areused in checkingOMR sheets.
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CHARACTER R
EADERThese devices are
capable ofdetecting alphabeticand numericcharacters printed in
paper, either type-written or handwritten. Need to takespecial care.
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-READERS
Bar-code reading is
performed by laserbeam scanner whichis linked to acomputer. The laser
beam is strokedacross the pattern ofbits that is recordedas input data.
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MICRThese devices are used in
banks to speed up theprocessing of large volumeof cheques.
It reads the bankidentification code(name,branch etc),account no.and cheque no.
Ink containing Iron-oxide
particles is used.
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MICROPHONE
This device is usedto input sound ,which is then storedin the digital form.
STORAGE
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STORAGE
UNIT
Data and instructions entered into a computersystem through input devices have to be
stored inside the computer system beforeactual processing starts.
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PRIMARY
STORAGE
It is also known as main memory.
It is used to hold pieces of programinstructions ,data and intermediate results of
processing which the computer is currentlyworking.
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RAM
Primary storage of acomputer is often referredto as RAM because of itsrandom access memory.
RAM chips are volatilememory.
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SECONDARY
STORAGE
It is also known as auxiliary storage.
It is used to take care of limitation of primarystorage.
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MAGNATIC TAPE
Commonly usedsecondary storage
device.Plastic ribbon is coated
with a magnetizablerecording material.
Data record in the formof tiny invisible spots
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MAGNATIC DISK
It is the most popularonline secondarystorage device.
It is a thin circular platemade up of plastic.
Data is recorded inform of tiny invisiblemagnetized and non-magnetized spots
TYPES OF MAGNETIC
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TYPES OF MAGNETICDISK
Floppy Disk Hard Disk
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OPTICAL DISK
Consisted of a circular disk, which is coated witha thin metal.
It is also known as laser disk.
Because laser beam is used for the recording ofdata on disk.
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PENDRIVE
It is a new secondary storage
device based on flash memory,provides easy transport of datafrom one computer to another
Compact size in the form of
pen, comes in various shapesdesigns.
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Often referred to as the brain of the computer.Responsible for controlling all activities of the computer system.
Performs all Calculations and comparisons.
C.U and ALU together are known as CPU.
PROCESSING
UNIT
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A.L.UALU is the place of the computer system where
actual execution of instructions takes place duringthe processing operation.
Calculations are performed and comparisons aremade in ALU.
Data and instructions stored in primary storagebefore processing are transferred as and when
needed to ALU, while processing takes place.Inter-mediate results generated in ALU are
temporarily transferred back to primary storage untilneeded later. Hence data moves to-and-fro betweenstorage and ALU many times before processing is
over.
SOME
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SOME
QUESTIONS?How does an input device knows that
it is time for it to input the data tostorage unit?How does the ALU know, what should
be done with data once it isreceived.?
How it is that only results for outputare sent to an output device and notthe intermediate results?
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UNITControl unit acts as a central nervous system for
other components of the computer system.It manages and co-ordinates the entire computer
system.
It obtains instructions from the program stored
in main memory, interprets the instructions, andissues signals causing other units of the systemto execute them.
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An output device is anelectromechanical
device that acceptsdata from a computer
and translate into aform suitable for use byoutside world.
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TYPES OF OUTPUTSoft-copy output : They are noton paper or some material that
can be carried for being shown toothers.
Hard-copy output : They
produced on paper or some othermaterial and they can be carriedfor being shown to others.
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Monitors
PrintersPlotters
Screen image projector
Voice response system
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The most popularoutput devices usedfor producing soft-copyoutput.
Display the output on
a television likescreen.
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Printers are the
most popularoutput
devices used
todayfor producing hard
copy output.
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They are character printers that print onecharacter at a time.
Speed usually ranging between 30 to 600characters per second.
Cheap in cost
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They are character printersthat form characters and
all kind of images byspraying small drops of inkon paper.
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Laser printers are pageprinters that print onepage at a time.
They produce very highquality output becausethey form character byvery tiny ink particles.
They produce printedoutput with the help oflaser beam.
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Plotters are an ideal output device for architects,engineers, city planners, and others who need toroutinely generate high-precision, hard-copy, graphicoutput of varying sizes.
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Drum Plotters : in this the paper on which thedesign is to be made is placed over a drumthat can be rotate in both clockwise and anti-
clockwise direction.
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Flat-bed plotter
In this plotter plots adesign on a sheet ofpaper spread and
fixed over arectangular flatbedtable. In this paperdoes not move only
the pen moves.
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SCREEN IMAGE
PROJECTORIt is an output devicewhich used to projectinformation fromcomputer on a largescreen.
Useful for makingpresentations to a group
of people with direct useof computer
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VOICE RESPONSE
SYSTEM
Just a speech recognition system allows a user
to talk with computer.
A voice response system has an audio-responsedevice that produce audio output.
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