complete works of montesquieu (volume 3)

8/12/2019 Complete Works of Montesquieu (Volume 3)

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CON!IDEA"ION! ON "HE CA#!E! OF "HEGANDE# AND DECLEN!ION OF "HE

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B I CIIH

CHAP. II.

O0 "/ !3/8/ O0 %+H HGK > I=>H GI JG L=>=H>GH G >I LHN >G> JG I=I I= +H GHGK I=HKH. =GH " I I I=>H; I=>G I>H LG I>J J>IGGJI, L=GH JG H>GH G KG H=>I>< G I=MIGH JG I I= MIGH >HH, I= L=>= I=>< HH>N G HIGJI>K.

" JHI =G I I> L=I JI=GH _ GI G>< I=IG>>< J I= + H>GN. =N LG >JG I I= >>IGN

, I=I >H, I L ILIN >H, HI>H JG ILIN,> bK =JGH. DJG>< I=H G=H, I=N GG> JGI=H


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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I=GHG JH L>IJI I=HKH I GJ>< > I=>G P MG>HH I=N JH HLGH, K>H GGLH, J I= L>HH LG GG> L>I=JI >IG>HH>.

= LH I I= N >>IGN H=; I=G > +, > L=>= I= >I>OH JH I GG MG>HH, (>I LH I=CJH GI>JH:) IG I=>G I>G,I JHI I=HKH I HL>> >N MG>H: I= L=HH>JJHN >H =>H I >I, GH I JH GI=G > I> >HJ= H I= G H MG>HH=K G I=>G I I=>< G I= H-bI>: L=GH,

< I= >IH, KGN MG>H, K L I I=I >>IGN.

>I= JH GH L I= JH LG> LH>H G>>JJH; G H> I= JHI H>IGJ, >< =H GH JGGH LH G LGH.

=H L= G>I>>H G G >H>G>< =>H =GH L>I= HIGIN >IN N, H=J = JHI G>>JJH, L=GIH N ^ G GJ>< JGI= H

L H N =>H I>.

=KG I= +H I=JG>< H HH, >I LH HII GI>< I= I >K> I I=>G >>IGN>H>>. AG I=N I= I= %I>H, HH GI> I= I=HKH? >JH GcIH J I= HII=H HIG< I= > I= b, JIH II= =>H L H, G JG>< L>I=JI =>H GGH. AG I=NI G JI>? >> Q>>JH >>IN GKH

I= HKG >H=IH, L=>= = GKI I=. K I=+ H HH JG I= N I J>? IJH L>HLN I=>G >N, I= >HII = =H >G >I >HI>IJI>H. G>JH, I=I = N IKJ>H= I= C G> I= JIH, H N >KGI>< I=JGH * G>KGH; N NH > HJ= =G JG =>HH>GH, L= LG IGG>b I I= LG L=>= LH GGN>< HI >I=G>IH, I=I I=N HJ G II, I JI I I=>G=GH=>H.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338


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21/443

H +H JHI GN > GI G I=G >I; G, I= I=GH>, JI I=I I= N JHI I > H GI I= b:, >, L b KGN L=G > =>HIGN, I=I L=KG I=+H = I KGLG I I= >I=G NJGH, G I= bGHH I= HI, I=N I HI LGHI I=

JG JI I= N[H =.

=>G => G LH I M>, > L=I GI>JG I=>G >H= KIH LH J, I=N>>IN GI>b >I. =N JHI I=HKH I = I= I= LJH I= IGH. = JII>< HLGH * I=JH, I= =IH NGG=JH >I>>I I= JI .=N HIGG KGN ^ bGHI, N I>< I= G>H GI= =GHH, I=I I=>G >IJH>IN >IG>M>< I= L>I= >IH * : L= I=N

JGHI I= M I= >H= ^ HLG, I=N J>III=>G L G >I. =N e I= GI I= HI MG>>IH, N I= >KI> L=>= >H HG> N N>JH." b, H #H=JH HGKH _ , LG LH HJI >II> II= +H, MG>H.

" N I> HI, >I=G G IJG G >IH >HI>IJI>, NJ>G KI>IN JH >I: I=NN I=>G JIHI KJGH I GJG =GHH GJ>, L G CGI, H>H G I= +=>H.

J, I> > I= LG KG GG G LG L>I= HJ= L>H, GG> >I L>I= H J= >IG>>IN.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

22/443

B I CIIH

CHAP. III.

"/ M/>9= B %3 "/ 9+8= +3=/"/=/6@/= "9 E3 I=>H H>>, I= H G >< LG; I= G>JH GIJ I L=>= I= +H II>,HH >G> I JH. BH>H, LG >H I I=>H I> >K> H>HGGI>N, I=I >I >H I HH> G IIN HII I G>H>IH, GN N >IH L HIGI> > L=>=GK> =H >I.

=>H G>IH H GcI>H, I=GL>H L >I=JI >< GI > I= >aGI H>IJI> I=>K, > GJH>< >I =>HIGN, I=I L K>L HI >aGI G JGHKH.

EMG> =H H=L GIJN, I=I EJG G> L==H >> HJIH, I, L>I=JI HIGN>< =>H, J >I> K I I=JH H>GH; HJIN, H N G HHHH G>H.

BJI I= H LH >aGI >IN L>I= GH GGI> IL I= H>GH I=GHI I= , L=>= >H L H I =JG, >I=H I>H, GIIN G H >H I >I LI=H = J>HIG>JI> I= H: I=>H >GJHI G>H I> ILG; I=I >H I HN, >I L GIN. =>H HH; >I >< JN I= >IGHI ( I=>H

I LH KGN K>J, I MGI =>H > =>H JIGN.

= LH LG I MJI > I=>G J G>GH GIJG I I= H >I > L=>= L L H I=. = KG> H GI>JG GHH, I= K>H= GJHHH I=GH,H> I= H I I= GGIN L; >>INGIH LG >IGJ I HJN I= G>G LIH I= G>= G; N L=>= H I=G LG JI KGN L H>GH G >I>OHH; G I= GKJH I= H I=I = G N

I HJGI I= IIG, LG L HIL L=N HKH GI>bGH, L= >>HIG I I= JMJGN I= L GG>IGH;


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

23/443

G I=GL>H I= =, =L >I>JH HKG >I ,JHI M>HI, LJ =K HIGN. BG I= GGJI> I= HII, I= G> GKJH >I LG >K> < I=H>GH, I=I >H, I= JGGH; IG >I LH GGJI, I=N LIbGHI I I= G>=, L= I I= JI I cKH GI>bGH, G

L= I=N G>K N LN IG>JI GI G I= >I I= H>GH. A >I LH >HH> I=I I=>H HI H=J GH, I=N >< LGN I; GNGGJI N I= JMJGN >I>H, I N I= KGN GI I=NGHH; I I I>, I=I H I=N J I GGN NJIGN I=>G L, G I= GJ>IH I=>G >JHIGN > KGN>, I=N = KGN >II >I=G I H G .

" I= HJGKN * I= +, H I> IG I=MJH> I= > I=I I N DIG>JH =GJH ^

I AI=H, I= JG >=>IIH LH J GN J; += JG =JG GIN I=JH, AI=H JG =JG I=>GIN-I=JH. BJI I= HJGKN I + LH I I= I> L= >IHHI>H=I LH I IJG>IN, I=I AI=H L= >ILH J>I GGJI. b I=I I= JG >I>OH IH >=>IIH, IAI=H >II HH I= I= ILI>I=; I= HIGaGI I>H HI HJG I ILIN, I=I >H, >I LH bK I>H GHI I=>GIN I=JH>I>OH, (G H N LG I GI > %NJG) I=GLG JI HK =JG, HG =JG L= LGHHHH H; I=I I= GHI LG G I= LGN J: I=N JGI I GK>K I= LH I I=>H H>; G I=I G> %S> GKG >IHGG LG, G> I I= GH.

"I LH I= J >HIG>JI> H I=I I bGHI + IHG K >IH =J >I>; I=>H I= +H LG HIG > I=>G GGJI HII.

=>H LI= LH b I GGL JH, L= I=%I>H, =K>< GJH I HJJG I= L>I= I= IGH L=>= = * HI>JI, I H LG GHIN G>H > I= >IN N:HG I I=>H I>, HNH %>KN, +, L= I= L= J>KGH >HI I I>, J KN HJ= G, LG N IG HJN JG >IH L: HJG >>I> I=I L =K IG>H > LG, =K N >GH I= JMJGN LI=L=>= > JH.

, LJ >G>JH G=JH HN ^ I I= H, L=>= >H I=HI KJ =GIG, I=I >I>O G GIJ HK;


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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L= >H HI JHJ, H>G, G I>GN JbI G LG? L>NJ, GN G I= H N>< L G GH I=I= GHI I= >I>OH, J>I N H> I= =H JG>< I=GHI I= LG, G MH I H NJGHKH >HHHHH NI= N, I=H KGN H L=>= NJ GJH JH?


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338


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B I CIIH

CHAP. I$.

O0 "/ G+?6=. O0 P

26/443

A G=N >H I G N I=INGN G>, I= LI= N JLGHH >>aG G I= I I I= HI JGHH; JIL=G H I I= GKGH I=>H =! = KIH, I=I >I >IH KJG>IH; JI L= I= IGGN >HH, >HI I= G>H GI>H G>, H GI>H GHHL= =K N H=G > I= I=>H H J>KGHGJ> JHI HJ; I= LH G I= J G G>, L= >< LNH I=I>O > I= HII, >H HI G I JG I >IHGHGKI>.

BN I= HII GI> >I JHIH GH,

J>G JH I=I LH KGIN, I= GIJH I= > + LG KGN G J K; JI > CGI=JG GHH HI I= LI= >>H > CGI=K>, I=I I= LH LNH G , I= I=G LNH G LG; N L=>=H >I LH >HH> G I=I >IN, >I=G I N I= , GK>H>H G H>N J>I, JH I=G> >H >KHI L>I= G>K LG I JG I= GI>H; JII=N G HI HI>< > LI=, JH I= K>OH I= KGN LG L=>= N J =K LGJ

27/443

= HH IIH, I= GH , I= N IG, I=HJI> I= J> IGHJG, I= >HJGGI> >H, >H I HJ>I II= HKGHI IGH : JI + LH I HLN N I=H>GI> HH>I>H, >< IG> N

I=G I>K JI >IH HI L>I=JI >< KG I=GH, >I=G =H GGH N > J GK> L>I= I= I J , I=>I>H L=>= LG I GHG> N I=HKH.

I=>< >H H LGJ H LI=, > L=>= I= LH GMIN HGK; I=>H I G G G G GH, JI G HH>I >JH, H > + %S; G I= I=L>H H J>I I I= HIGJ HH>N HI.

= CI=>H JH G>G L. AH I= IIG = KG H>GI= KJ>H= JI GN H H N >HIGJIH G JIJGIG>J=H, I=N H>GH I= HKG I=N JG; I= I> I=H , I= G LGI=N I=NJ< >GGI >I I=>G GJ>. =JH L bI= >IH, L= LG I HJJ I> IG JG ILINIG>J=H * , JM>>G>H I I= +H; H I>G I= H J> LG, I=N G>H G < I=I I> I=>G >H ^ , I=I >H, G JIGN >II G MII I=IGG>IG>H I= H, HK =JG I=JH I, HKIN I=JH =GH I H I= JH.

" I= => LG, + = LNH HI>I GH N%>KN, I=I I I=>H I> I= HJH, G I>OH.

= CGI=>H N >K>< I=GH, I= +H > >< I=HKH; I=

IIG G, H L =K JHI L H, G>JH JI>IJ I H I= JH > L= >K I=; I=NHI JI G I= IL H HI I= HI LGJ >= H I=>G GH LG >M=JHI>.

CGI=IH H>IJI>, H + G I=HI L=>= >I HI: I= IIG = I=>GIN >H _ GJ >I, L=>= LG H H N JLGH. = +H LG KG N I=>G >H I> I= II CS; I= GH>H, I= >IH I=G I>H "IN LG JH I I=>G

HKG> %>GGN %>GIN: CI GH, K. 3 (GJG DH> I= + E>G; A D> %IIGH)

%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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AH HI I= >I>H AG> LG GN GI>b, I=N GHINHJGGG I I= bGHI N I=I G JG I=>G LH; HI=I A, > LG, L= HI I=H H, >>IN HG H>G I=GJ< JI I K> >>HIGI>, I= HKG>I>H L=>= I= CGI=>H HJaG JG>< I= L= LGI=I >> GG> HI I=; I=>G >IN * , K I=>GG>H LG >H=, I I= H I> I=I I= +H N GJH> I=>H, I= G>H L=>= = I,HI J >I, >HJ= I=I I=N HI>H JH IGJ>N I=>G H=>< I= > I=>H G G I=>G LLG>, A< I= +H, I= HJ, IG J>H=>< HJ=

H>GH H = c G I=>G JGH, N ^ >I>, G=I= HJGK>K>< GH HI I= N.

= >H LH KHIN GHH>K _ : =N= IG H J= J I= >GH, I=I, L= I= +HGG>K < I=, I=N LG H>G H I=>G >KGGH; > L GcI J I= >H HJH >I HI I= CGI=>H I>I>, > I=I JIGN, LG L=>= GK I I I=, >I L>G I=I >JHI> >H KGN >GK>I, >H I >HIGHH H= G>HH.

= J>< AMG> = KGN J= HH I= IG CGI=>aGIN GK> L>I= GH; G I= +H,


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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H ^ N>JH >GH JH, > I >IGJ N =HH>, I> HJ= I> H I=N J G.

" I= bGHI J> LG, +H => >H G I=>G KGN I I= H, _ > L =>H HI JH K>IG>H II= J>>H.

>>, N I= JHI > I= > = L>I=H>>HH, G>K I= CGI=>H I=>H HJG>G>IN: =J> KGN L I= II , JI I I=LG.

= CGI=>H = I H, LG IIGH> > I= LG>< H=>H I= I= +H: BJI I=>H KI I=H I LJ > I=GHI.

AH I= >IH = I I= JH I= H-HH, I=N LGb HI I HI> I=N = I=>< JIH, L=>= LG H cI-II; HI GH LG II= H H N =GJGH; I= LG >IH LH KGNGGL IGI, I=>G I MIGN H>. =>G GI>IH LH H >GI, I=I H J= >H L L>I= =JGGH, H > I=H I= I=JH.

=>G GHKI I=>H, I=I >< KL>I= >dJIN N I= GL I LH >HH> GI= I I= HHGN KJI>H. G AIN MG>I=>H, > I= HI I G, I AI>J; G =>H H=>H LG I I K JI, L= II H>H N I= >< JI NG I= GH I= = LG I= JI H H NJL>N, >K =>H, > G H=>H L= I=N =K

HI I=>G HIH.

> I= >KI> I= H-HH, >aGI I=H =K N; GH * =K > H>; I= > =H K>H>I, H =K J>I; I= => =H G >I, I= GI>H =K JI>>.

= >HKGN >GJHI LJ LN =K HJHI, L=>= >H, I=I I= HIG GG I GH>HI I= HJGN I= , GKI I= >< MH I HJG>G bG, >I LH


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

30/443

HHGN I J> H; JI I= LG I= GI JHI GGI> I I= J I= =>.

= H KHHH I= I>IH JH I I I= I=G, L=>= H> I= H>GH G cI. " I= H-bGH LG J HH>G, GI>HIH I= KGN GKGH; JI > I=H GH G H>G H >II G I=>HIH I= KGNIGGN * .

A HIG< G I= >aG >H, I= K>IGN L N DJ>>JH I=HJ: = +H LG IIN >; L=

CGI=> G HI,HGK I= H G I= J>>< I=GH: " I=G I=HI> I=>G H>GH LG IG>, I=>G cI LH IN bIIJI; I= +H JI I H, J L>I= I= CGI=>H, I I=.

" I=>H G> >H HG HJd>I G I=G>H>< J>>< KN, I = HI LG GN HHHH I= >G I= H: =>H G=HN I= N I=>< L=>= N I >IH aI; I=J>IN > III I=>H >, MG> =H GK I I=GH _ , I=I HJ= M >H I >G GI=G I= >>II.

= H J> LG H J= >H > I= LG, I=I >I >HL I KGN : = L HJGKN III>KN I= GJ HIH L=>= HIGI J G >, GcI, I=I I=>HMIGG>GN HJGJI I= , L K>L I= HI JJ>IN HH>N M=>>I.

+ LH >G > HIN GHJI> IG I= IIH

>>JH, G>, GHNJH; IG I= I I CS,L=>= LH HI> G I I I=, I=JH > "IN, NI I=N LJ I HJG ; G I=>H GH, I= HI KG G GI=>G >I M>H: =N JI I=HKH ILGH>, > I= H G H I=N = G =K L>I=G, I> HJ= I> H = H=J K "IN; D>NH>JH >GHHJH * >GH JH, I=I, L= CG>JH LHIGI>< L>I= I= +H, I= HI G I=N LJ KG

>G>G >I JHIH; I=I I=>G J I J H < H I= N H=J I>J > I=>G IGG>IG>H;


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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JI I=I > H I= H>H LJ I=> bI I GI>G, I=N I=H=J HI>IJI>; IGI= II CS, I=>G KGN L LG I L I H=

IGH; I= HI GJH I GH I= G>HGH, HI I=>HG G>H I= GN I GGN I= LG > >>N,JGH, G>K KGN >>IGN =JG, I> HJ=I> H > LH G>K JI "IN.

I= I=G H>, GI>JH GG I= HJ = c>>JHN H G H JH>: =>H , L=H MIGI> LHKGN , = G>H I I= HJH=> GN I GI>N I=H. LKG, I= HI LJ I N I= J=N IG>J=;=N HL =L HHGN >I LH G I= I I= b

I= I=>H H>; I=N I=GG LI JI I I G>, GIJG => I=H G I H>G>< I= HIN I=LI=.

"I >H N I I= G HH HJHI> > II (I=I I=HJ= GKH I I HII, JII= >GN HH, I= = G>KH >I K I=I HIG= GIJ = I >I.

I=>=>IIH I= GG LG I bGHI H>OL>I= >; JI I= I= HJGG>O G GI> ,L=>= LNH IJGH I GKGN, >H I > I=I H>J, L= G HH> I I=>< JI I=>G LHH: A G> LJ I =K HJ, >H, I=I I= +H LG HI>LGJ JH, I I I= H=G = H>G G I= =JG bIN H>KG GJH.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338


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= KGN JHIH > K N HJJGH G CGI=I=G N I=JHN GIN * , G I= I H L= GN II >I>H, I

=>H >H, I H>G >H I L, HI H GN N >. CJHIH G H>N , JH L=>K I= L>I= JG L= G; I=N G GI> L>I= >dJIN,JH L I= L>I= N GI JG GH.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

33/443

B I CIIH

CHAP. $.

"/ !>+>/ O0 G/< "/ D/KN HIGL =>H cLGH I=H GJH HHJHH I>J>IN: "L>H= = = > G, L= H=>< I=, L H L =L I JI I= > I>.

BH>H, L=I > >H I H, J, =G>< I= I =>H GI=G, = H> J>N,I=I >I LH I= GJ I= GJ> CGI=G , L= = I=>G b > =>, I >HJG=MI HJ= =>H HI KGN II I=N JI=G > >,> >>N, G > G>>; >, L=H >H LG GI>N>HHIN, L=>HI KGN >H>G G>GIH

LG HI =>, LH GJ I I= HH>IN H>K LG: =>H HJ I= HI LG: AG>> LI >I I=I GI I=LG, H H HJHH, I=I I= CGI=>H LGG I G G "IN, >, L= LI G I =>HHJGGG>H, > L=>= = = HI IG>J= KG I=.

=IKG >H > I= LG > I HK =>H JIGN: K>< GJ>IHHN

KJG I G>< >> I >b IGH, = JL=>= GIJ H I > J>< =>H >>IN, =>HMG> I>H , I G N, JIG HKG>I>OH >I > bIN NGH I K =HIKG J I=>GH=>H =IH, I I I=JI I=HI I= +H; > GG I=I I=>H GJ> >J > I HII, I= K>IGH =>>HH, >IH >GG> N.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

34/443

AIG I= GHH> CGI=IG>H; L=GH GI=N = I> JI IIN K>IG>H, I=H I>H IL LGH, H >I LG, HGI G= I=G; > , I= CGI=>H +H JK>H>H L=>= = HJH>HIKG H> I= I= AMG: " I= IIG, GH I= LHIG LG: FG I=J>, >< , = J IGIN L>I= >, NI KGN >IIGHJI G >I; I=>H G=, L= H JIKGN >H>G HJJGH, JHI H=L I= +H I=I = GI= GJ>IHH > L>.

= IL >I >H I > >N I > I=I >I >H H G I= GHI I=LG I I>J H H N > HIIGH, G L=>=HKG I= IL IG>J=H KG I= I=G, IN >L LGH; I> H>GH G=H >KH I>HL= G JI H N >I>OH.

=>H LH KGN >HI > I=H H, JI I=N >>IN >K I=GI>H, G > GIH I= GI=, GGN>< J>KGH >KH>.

=G LG I I=I I> > I= HI JI JG LGH >< = HI I= +H; G, I= >, NG> EL I= >I>,I I=I I>, I= IL bGHI I=H LGH; JH I= +H< I=.

=G LG I=G H>G > G, I= QI>H, I=A=>H, I= BXI>H; I=H LG H N HH>I>HG N G >I>H, L=>= = I=>G H

HIGIH > . = QI>H LG GI>, , GH=;H= I=>G G>HH I=H; > b, L= LGG > I= H G H >GIH IH. = A=>H LG > GIJN N IGJH>H, L= LG I= HI =KN G, JI I I= H I> I= L>HHI, >K ; I>GN N HHI> =>HH >HGN, I=N = I JH JI=G GJH G>H N GIGH. =I >H HI MIGG>GN, I=>G GJ>HJH>HI K > I= >HI G=N * .


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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%S = GHGK >IH LG, N L=>= " I=I LG>H>G>I L=>= I= >HI>IJI>H %NJGH>G. = =HH>HLG, > H HJG, HK N I= >H. = "NG>>H AI=H = GJN >HI N I=

IGH QI> HJHH>KN. = AI=>H * , L> I=HKH JHJGI N ^ >H, H= I=LG, MI N I= HIIG>H I=N K>H= > G >IH H>IJI>, >IH HIGIJ >IH >I>H, I= IH H>GH, >IH >IN,GH LH; I= GH > LG; I=N L I=

L= GI >I; , = I=N J>I, LJ =K >K>>.

=N > =K IGG>b N I= bGHI =>>, N AMG, N AI>IG, JI I HJJ; I= $> L>I= I=HKH I N H> I=>G GIH>H I=>G =H, I= HI HI>I IIIH I HK I=.

= LH HJGGJ L>I= >HH>JI>H; I= >=>IIH >I LG G N IJG G LG;JGI, >JHIG>JH, >I>I>H JHI HHG>N =K L>I, H>I= I>KH >I G, I I=>H N, I= HI H>GH > I= JG>H=>G.

G >I> >IH N > : I= %S>HLG > L>I= I= QI>H, I= >HL>I= I= A=>H; JI I= GG>K I= +H J>I HIGNI= J>>G>J.

AH I= > LG I I >I> GH, >I

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= >GGI I=H M>H, L= GK I= HI H>GH > =>HGN.

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I=>< = IG>JI G I I= GJ> HI >HI H>G I=N H=L G : N I=>H, I=N = GKI I=G I>H G >K>>< L>I= I= = I=N

LG H M>JH I MIG>I I=HKH: JI >I=G>IH>>IN I= L= LG HH>, I=I = LH NI I= +H, LJ H IGN.

" b, I= >I>H G AH>, b>< I= + N IG KGN N, GH I=>G L= H> > I=>HGGJH >K>I I= I >GIN.

=>H >HH>I> I=>=G I= HI GIH I= + =>HIGN, G I=>H

GH: L I, I=>H H>, G G>H GNKG N JMJGN G>, H AI>=JH > %>GGN %>GIN: CI GH, K. 3 (GJG DH> I= + E>G; A D> %IIGH)

%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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G, H =>>, GHJH, #J KGH>IN, > > I=I H LJH, LH bGL>I= I= > J I=I JI.

" =>H GI I= + =>HIGN >H H>I JH L>I=

GIJ KG-JMI GKJI>H; G H H>,>I=G>IH J H>N GGJ>I =>H G>H, H >I G, I=I >I=H GKGHH GIJ, > L=>= > HIG>I >H>>, =>H GG> GH GH =>:H = = I= GI I>>H, HI>GG>< J >I>H IG>, H LH = >L>H IGN N =>H I>H, =>H =>G =>H L>KH; > b, H = LH HI>H H NJMG> + , II=G I>H, N, %JJJH, N.

=>H G>, IG =K>, G; =K>< KJ>H=,> =>H IJG, N N; b N IGIN I =>H GG >>IH, =GGHH N I= + < G HJG>GI I=, JGG AH>; G>K LN N %JJJH; JGHJ>I =>H L JIGN; >I= =>: b>< I=>H G= >GGKGN HI, >< GN J =>H G HJJG, = I HIJGN >=>H L >>H, G-H I= I=G.

%JJJH LH HJ N N, L= J>I KGLG>I=G>IH. I= c>H JI =>H >>H, GHH>< I=AGMH, G=H G =>H LN I= GG>H = I L>I=,G > I= BH=GJH HI =>H H * =GH, L= =G> =>H I I= +H.

AI=J< "IN I= HI I= LG, G=>H L= HK >I H NGH IG, N I=H LN I=H L I.

BIGN N =GH, I=G =>H HH, N GNIGG>b I I= H IGG>HH I= G>H = LH< > HG= , = > > G LGI=N >


51/443

I=>G, I=G NI LH J > LG, I= J>>GIN LH I=GN N MH I I= GGN %>GIN: CI GH, K. 3 (GJG DH> I= + E>G; A D> %IIGH)

%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

52/443

B I CIIH

CHAP. $III.

O0 "/ D3@3=398= %3 A6+= !?=3=>/ I8"/ C3>.

"% + LH JG>< I= LG, => LG LHGGN>< L>I=> >IH LH: I=H bGH LG > I=H KH,L=>= G JI I= >HII I=N LG H N H JHI>HJHI.

AIG I= MJH> I= >: I= IG>> >>H N, I> I=

NIH >I>H > I= * HII, HJIN ^=JGH >K> >>IGN.

= IG>>H >< IG> I GKI, > HH>, I= GIJG I= >>H L=>=L GK> > I= >H I= ; JI I=N > G I=I=N LJ L>>H>G I= L>I= =IG G >I= >G>I I=>GHI G>GIN. AH I= GN JI=G>IN = KK I>GN J I=HJH, I= HJ I=N LG G G HHHH>< I=I

>GIN I=N LG IJ>O: I=N I=GG HJ= I=N > HIGIH; H=G I= JGJ, G I= I= H. = IG>>H LG G I NL>I= I= H I= ; G > >IN L=G KGIN LHI= J> K>GIJ, L=G LI=, I=I HI> I= I LG,LH H>H, >I=G >GI= G >I>H J HIL N I I==H I= HIGN I =HH> I JG HII.

=H L= G HJG>I I >I= KN JHN, I= HJ= H >K JG =G>IGN G>HIGN: I=G> >H I H HI G =>H HJIH, I=I = >H HGH N I=; >H G>H H G K I=, I=I I=N I>K N GI> K>< I= >H > HII, I=N G MH I I= NH , G I HI H =>JH G>HH G>< GIJN; , >, I= =K IHIHIGH, > I=>H > L=>=>GI= H I HIL N H=G > I= HIJG, G I= =>HI

> I=>H GHI; G >I >H IJG I=I I= H=J I G H


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

53/443

J= KN I JI=G>IN, L=>= I=N HIL L= I=N I=>GG, GHJ I L>.

= >< >H>H, L>I=GL I I=G > (H G) L=>I=G JI>H >< HI, I=N LG

H: H I=N G>H I HH>HI I=G, >H I= IG>>H H=J I GG I=>G * I>H KGN I, >HIJG I=HIGIH > I= MG>H I=>G JI>H; >I LH JJHI> I=I H=J I=: JI N N G KG>>I I , I= >H, L= = I> IG>JH GNG I=>G L , N I=H KGN HIGIH I NI=GH: H I=I I=N HIG>I, N >HH> >H I=>G G>K>H H I KGHI>< IHIH: I=

LG HJGI, G GI=G >I, N I=>G IG>JH; I= IG>>H LG N I= HI, I= = H>HI IG>>H, L= LG G >> I KJG I=>I M>H, G> I=I I= J LJ G>H HIG>J I G>IGGN LG.

= N, > I= I=>H HIGI, I=>G LHIGG>IN I=N = > I= HJaGG GJHI G= >I I= b, I=>G I=GIH I I LN, I= GI>>IN I= LH, > b, I=>G J>>GN HIH HI I=H L= =H I= I K>G L>H, I=>G JHI>, I= K I=N >H>G >I GI=>G JIGN; N I=>G b, I= GJI >HIG>JI> I= LI=; N I= KGI> L=>= I= = G I=> * >>H, I= K>GIJ >JHIG>JHGH >IH, I= >I >HI>IJI>H, I=G=>>I> NH J> I>H = I KJG; N I=>G >IH; N I=H>I> IG>J I I=G; N I= GI> ^ >IIG,I= JI>H L LG, G I= >HGIJH >I>HL=>= J>I GI>H; > LG, N IG HH>, >

< I= GI I=>G H, JGHN I I=G>J>H= I= GHI; N I=I HIHI M>, GGG>< I=HIN I= GJ> I I= GGKH N GG G J>NI L=IHKG.

" GHH I>, L= I= >H = GHH I= IG>>HI HJ= H * >HI>I> >>H LH IN GJ>IHH, I=I I= LG >>HG>>IN G>H I =JGH,L IHIH GH IL I= J, L= I=>G IG>JHH>G>I J, I= => >>H, L=I=G IG>>H G HJ=

>H H LG HIN , LG KJG N I= HII=I LH H I=: JI, H I= >I GH HJH>HI


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

54/443

G: H GI>JG GHH LG HHHH >H LI=, I=I >I >H >HH> JI LI= JHI K LG; I=H H HIGHI I= I= IG>>H = , L=>=H> I= I= I= G=>, ^ HKG GHH L=L I=>G _ .

" JHI I I> d L=>= IG>JI IN +; >I LH I=I I= HGH. =H JGG HJGKN I= P ; GI=G, H I= HIGHI > I= HIG>IHH >H>>, > I=HKG>IN GH, I= J>IGGJI HGKI> GI>JHIH; I=N GGI HJ= GGGH JHH H I= HI>KLG = I GH, G I= G>GN HIGI * J IJ>H=. MH G LGH I= G>H, K>I> GH =H HIGN G HIIH, I= I= >GI> LH:

> +, L=IKG >IGJ H, IGI = I= >H G aI>H I= >I>OH, GKI, > " N JH I= MGHH>, I= GIJ>IN >I; >HGGH IJJIH, L=I=G J> G G>KI, LG GG NI= HGH; I=H = JI=G>IN I M L=HKG I=N H;I= HI J I G >I> G => II= J> M; G I>O I I= G HJ= HIG>JI I I= >I I= HIGIH I= >IN,L>I=JI N>< I= G>K>I; > LG, I= HGH I K>L I= IJ H>IJI> I= GJ>, >HIG>JI I= ^ < I=>G KG>JH IG>H > HJ= G, H I GKII= IG>JH GHH H>G>< IG G < I=HJaG< I=>G LG.

. %>K>JH * GIN-JG IG>H JI I=>GIN-bK, I I= G I=H L= = H=G> I= G>K>IN: G, H> I=>H +, NJ bGHI , IGLGH G>H I I= HJI I=HGH=>; NJ I=GG JHI >I=G =K GKG>I >J>H=>< , G IL> > GI>< HJ IGLGHHG.

. DJG>JH ^ , IG>J I= , LH M I= HI NI= HGH, G =K>< J, L= > d, I= L L=>=>>IH I= MH HIH.

= L>< >HI>IJI> LH KGN L>H ; HIGI _ J IJG JI =>H NI, JH I=I LJ =K>HIJG I= MG>H I= J> LG; JI I=N >KHI HJ= =>H GG G, G>K, H >I LG, >I>O =>HGI>JG >>IN.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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GK>JH J>JH = I= JH >K>H> N IJG>H, L=>=%>KN ` D>NH>JH >GHHJH P =K H L M>. = >K> =JG >IN-I=G IJG>H >I H>MHHH, > I= HI IJGN, L=>= >IH G I= H>MI=HH, = I= IN. =>H >HH>I> K>IN

MJ I= IN G KI> I.AIGLGH >I LH IG>, I=I, H GI>JG HHMI, I= >K>H> IG>H H=J L > KI>GIN-bK I=H IG>H, = =K>< I=>G GHI>K KI,JG IN, I=>GIN- I I= JIGN. =G>> >I>OH, L= LG GGH, IJGN H, I=H I= >IN >II I= IN * ,I=JII >cJ > a>GH: I=>H LH H>GH I= HIN I= GJ>. A L= F>JH G > I= JG>IN-IG>H, I= IN, L= A>JH CJ>JH = >HGH

I=GJG N I=I I> I= I>I M>JH ^ .= HGH KGN bK NGH HJGKN I= HII I= GJ>, >HIG>JI I= > I=>G HKG IG>H > HJ= G, I=II= IG>JH >I>JH >H GHI; KG H>I= JI> I=I >IN, >IH HI>IJI> LH HJ=, >I=G GI= JH I= , I= HIGIN GI> HIGIH, I=I KGN JH LG > >I.

CGI=I>OH J I G I= = K I=>G>. AI=H , JH I= GGGH I= G HKN > I=>G L NH, I=I I=N LJ I JG I=: < JH, I=H "I> GJ>H L=>= HI I= GIJ>IN I=>G IN I=>G JHH; G >, I=N N GIN _ I= +> JG I= DK>G>.

= BG>I>H= H I= L>HHI > EJG, JHI=G >H N L=>= M>H >I GIJN, >H GIJNM>>< >IH; >IH GGGH G HJ= IJG, H KG I HI>< I= III> I=I>.

" LG, G H I HN, G KG > I>,I HJGI >IH, JHH >IH L LH G GGI>HGGH >I.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

56/443

B I CIIH

CHAP. I.

"9 C+?=/= %3 D/=>I LH HNG I= LI= I HJH>HI: KGN H>G LH I I= HI> >I>O; KGN HJ G>H GN, I=G >I>OHG= >I I= b JG =>H HJHHG: H I=>G GH LG IKGN JGJH, HJ= * GHH N LG G>K < I=IGH, H = HHHH>H H>G JIGHI > I= GHGKI> I= >IN; I= HI I LI=J N KG I= JI I= I K

I= GIJ>IN =>I>< N I=> I=>G JIGN.

BJI IG I= H = HH I= AH GHH I= H, I=H>GH, L= I= +H = > I= JIG>H I=N LG HJJ>HH>N I=I JH IJG > L=>= =GIG>O + >I>O; I= < G>H >G >HH, LG HH> I=>G L HIG N, I K>L I= >IN HG HI: I=N LG GH I=GJ>, JI N, G>JH, N, CSHG. =+H J GK> LH I=>G G N.

< H I= + LG GGJI N I=>G IG>JHN, L= I=N J HIL I=>< JI I=>G LG, I=HI J H>N I=HKH, JH I=N I

H>HIIN L>I= GJN H=>I>< G I= MIGH JGN I I=MIGH LG>; JI L= I=N LG I >KHI I=>GKJG>IH L>I= G> MIG>G JI=G>IN, I= L= L>H I= HI LH e, I= LI= LH J.

= GH L=N G HIIH G I H GI H I=G GH H, JH I= >HGIJH HJHHH L=>== I I=, I= HH >GIN; L=GH I=HJHHH >HGIJH G>IGGN JI

JN I I= HK>< I= . A L>H GJ> J= N MH >I I GIJ; I= N


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

57/443

=>HH I= HKG >>K>JH >I H=J H>G IG, >H, I KGIJ>IN I I=>G HII.

" I= JJ MII I= + >G GK I= GJ> I= GJ>, I= KHI HH I= >IN LH HH I I >I.

= +H = HJJ I= L= J>KGH N I= HH>HI I= I>H "IN, L= I=N = HIL KG>JH G>K>aGI I>H; HI I=H I>H > I, I bGHI, HI NIN +, H * =HGI=G I GHGK I=>G >I JHH G>K>KGH HKG>I>O, LH H>G H I=>I= I=>H I>I, LH I=>I II= "> H, I= GHI I= >H LG GM: + >< L G I I HI I=H L=LG, > " N L I= bI= L=>= I=NH= I= J>KGH, LH J I= G> GJ>: I= +HLG G LH; I=N I=GGH H J= L>H=-G ^ G>K>H, L= = INI LI>< > b>IN; I=N >JI, N >HH>H.

BJI L + LH IN, I= >=>IIH L=>= =GI= I= H H>G>I, I= H K G >GIN, I=H =IG INGN; >IN > L=>= JHN I= LG I= HI I= GGKH I= L>I= GHI) LH N K J>IN. = I>H "IN _>< >I>OH +, KGN >IN GJI=G >IH JH,>IH GI>JG >IGHIH, >IH H >< L GI >K>, G N, LG I>OH >I, JI > > bI>I>JH LN; H I=G LG I>OHLG I= I= H K G I=>G JIGN, I=+ HI>IH LG >IGI.

C>I>H I>H LG L >K>I I + N I= >I>JH, I>HGI I= HJaGcJ I= > I=>G L KJG; I=J> HH>H LG H N H>G>H HI I= HII, IJJIJJH GJ H>I>JH LGI=H LG >b L>I= I=I>I C>I> * . = JI=G>IN I= I=>G LH, NI=I I=HKH, LG G I= H N =>SGH, H

J>KGH LH I= G=N I=H I>H, I=I >I LH I HH> IIG> L=I=G I= = L G I.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

58/443

AJI=GH GJHN I= >K>H>H L=>= GK I=HIGJI> +; JI I=>G GGH H >HKG I=H>K>H>H I =K LNH HHGN >K>I. = LH I= N HJG I=I >IN, MHGI JG IJJIH >I >K> LGH. D>HHI>H LG I

I GKI, I=H GI> H>G>IH, L=>= LG H bG G> G, J I =>IJI I N H>GGI> I =. =H L= MI > G HII, I H I= JJI > LG JH>>JH > , G GI>NH>GJH >HH>>>I>H; >I N K H H K>H>, > HII I=I H>IH GJ>, I= H>G>I >GIN HIH.

>, > N >I>, >H KGN J>K IG: IGJ J> >H HJ= =GN H H I= GI>JG GIH, H H>I H I=N

N H I JH, JG I I= IN, > I=H G H >HGH > JH> IG>JI I I= N GK> > HII J H>H;G, > I=G LGH, I=G N =GN G L= GHJIHGHG>IN, L=>= >H IGJ , N H>G > I=H K>L, H I= KG>JH GIH I=>H J>KGH, L=>= G IGNI N I= I> H I= GI> I=GH.

" HI> HII >, L=>= >H KGN H >GIN MGI, G >K>H> >H GIJN>. = HI, I= H>G, I= G=I, I= HIGI, I= I= L=I G>HH G I=>>IN I= I GHH I= I=G, L>I=JI GH>HI; > IN I> J> =H I >IGJ, >I>OH G I I=J>I, JI >H G > > I=

59/443

GG> N >IH L>H, >I JHI >K>IN =IH LH, I= HHGN >KI>H L> I aI N N HIG, JIJHI HG>< G GGJI> >IH.

+ LH J G IH LH * = >G

IN I HIL >I; G L=>= GH, > I= KG>I>H =GHIGN, G JG, H=HIIN OH L=>= GJ>G JI I>H= I=, LNH HJ. = MG> N> I JG>H= =G L>I= G L>H I= I=G I>H, JIH= I> >I N < HJHH> KIH. = HJHI> H, GI, >H GIJ L>I= I= HHJG>G>IN, G>K IGJ LG G I= L= IG> =GGHG>I>H, Gb KGN >HI >IN >I b>>HIGJI>H.

= HI =G >GIN, JH H= I =G LG I H.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338


60/443

B I CIIH

CHAP. .

O0 "/ C9

61/443

JH. =H L= = I bGHI GGJI N I=>G J,G>K I= H I>I > I=>G KGIN, N H>G>< IGJ>H>I>H, I=I LN GI L>I= G>KI >; >I LH>dJI I I>O, JG I= >cJ HIG< H>GH I= GH

H>IJI>, LG GG G N HGI III; , H JHI* HNH, I=G LH, I I=I I>, , L=, H I=N= IG>N I=>G L, J I JG I H I=GH HHHH>IJH I= I=HKH.

BJI H + >IH>IJH aIH LG I >IGJ < I= , G I=dN I=H >HI>IJI>H, N L=>= I=N LG G>NHI>H=, LH H MIGG>GN, I=I I=N LNH GHGK =G> GI>IJ, KI I=HKH, L>I= I= I> I LG, >HI I= HI>= HH I , I >GJHI, > L=>= I=N LG KG>>II N N I> > I= LG.

= +H LG I H>>IJH I >GK G, G JI>KII= H>H, JI G I= < I= III>H GG GHKH * ; L N MI, >, H GI>JG GHH, L= =G>K I=>G G, GH>HI > I=>G GG >JHIGN. BJII=>G L =LH I= N IG^ N L=>= I=N J GG>K I GI>H > I=HIGN, I=G HII>H =JG; G L=>= GH, I=>G>>IGN K>GIJH HJH>HI IG I= GHI LG MI>H=.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

62/443

B I CIIH

CHAP. I.

O0 !66+, P9/, A8 C=+HH> I IJG N NH G I==GGGH I= LGH IL G>JH N; A> =H I I= GJ GI>JGH >I I=>H =>HIGN: H>H I= JHN,>I>, GG>IN I= IL =>H, = GI>JG +LH >IJI L>I= JGN; I= L >I>OH _ , I= >I, G = I=G H GH I= H GJ>, JIH =HI>>I>H, H J>G > I=>G IJG, HI G= I= >HG>H >K> G>= L N , I=I I= GI> G G>L=>= >J => I GH>IIGH=>, G-HI>H= I=HI, G H I>; JI > I= JGN =>H HJHH, = HJaG=>H I =JGG> >I I>H, L=>= > I=>G HJH, >I >HH> G + I GHGK =G >GIN.

" =>H AH> M>I>, = L=N HIGN I= >>IGN >H>>;= JHI =>H GN I G> * , IJ= G I=N LG HJI HIGGH, L= IGLGH GGJI I=>G GH.

IG + L>I= G G, IJGIN ^ .

>HIG>JI _ I= H I= >I>OH < =>H H>GH, ,N I=I G>>IGN GHH> L= > IL>I G GIJ>IN H>O>< I= aIH =>H L->I>OH.

LH >L>H I= >KIG GHG>I>H, HI G> I= = KGN L= = I G =>H GIN. FG I=II>, >I >HH> G N I KI I I=GJ>; G L=>HI IL >I>JH LG I>< GHJG>G>IN, I=H L= HGK JIG>IN, G LG II= II= JH >GIN, LG HJG I GHG> N >I=G I=I>IGH L= H=J GK K>IG>JH; >I I=GG GJI I H.

LH HJ, HNH C>G P , N , L= > >>JHJH, K>IGN HI> G >JH, I N bHI I=


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

63/443

aIH >>K>JH, JI >KK I>G GK>H > I= H>IN.

N, L= = >I I= >IIIGH=>, GI, I=I = LHJL>>K > N I=G G I= JG I= GII>

=>H L LH; JI I=I I>, L=>= >>I H J= GI>,LH >IH HJ =>H K>H. = K H IGIN-HK H, > >aGI GIH "IN. =H GH, HNHA>, G< I=>G GIJ H II= I =>H >, H HIN, LG LNH GN >I=G IHJJG G K * .

AH I= GJ> LH I I HIGJI>, I= N IG> JHI>LH, L= H=J =K I= G>I KGL=>< >I?

L JN >I>JH, L>I= I=>H MI>, I=I I= L=L I G >GIN I =>H JGH IIG I= I= I=G,>H, N I=>G GJII>, I=>G M>IH, I=>G K>GIJH, I= GHI I= >I>OH. N I= bGHI G > I=H I>, CSHG >>IN L =>.

N, I GG =>H JG, = >HJ I= L N,L=>= >>I I= LG I= , L= = = HG>bI= HI HJIGN LH =>H JIGN I =>H GI>JG >I>, =I> = H>G, I= GH= >>HGI> I= JLH I =>H KJG.

= + LH = L>HN G JI I= J> LG >IHKG HIG>H, L=>= JIJN HJGI H L HGHIG> IG = I=G; H I= LG , L=N I=H GI>H, LH b I GG MII, KGN>I>O LH J>b G HII> I=I IJG; I= ,H>< JGH HJ= GHH HH>< LN > HJHH>, LGI =>IJI I N GI>JG HIGI < I=. BJI, >I= I>H L G L HG>>< I= MIGG>GN

>HH>H G I= , L=>= >=>I I= JI=G>IN I= HIGIH, GL I= GH >I I= =H , G L.

H LG I G> HI GIG>JH? N LH>I I I= GN. G I= +H I G=HI >I=G>IH? EKGN K> J G N. D> >I HHGN I IGH>>I G I +? = LJ=K K >I KG G HI, = I N IGJHI L>I= I=>GII>. G I= >GIH I HIGN? = H GG GI=I M>I> H N? A L= CSHG =>H I=GI


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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+ L>I= >KH>, I= HIGH G> JI, > I=>G IJG, I=>G b > N.

" L>>K (H> GJH * I I= ) I=I I=>HN, L= >H H J= GHH N I= >>IN, >H G >>

I HJG NJG >GIN, I= = >H I JI I=>G JI=G>INKG NJ: JI I=G LH I>, L= = >>K>J < NJLH GII N HKG, I I= L= N I= N GH; L= >I LH KG L, I=I H>I=GI I==JGH LG > I= H GHH, L=>= > JJ>I I>HLJ H>M I= >GI> I= GI>JG >I>O.

= =JGH G H I I= I>, I=N KG GI> =L G >I L> MI.

"GI GGH K I >I>O, > GJ>, GLNH GJI>K HHGN aIH; I=N >I=G G>H KN > I=, G I=>G aI> KGcL JH.

= N GIJG IL> I +, > >I> I HK I=GJ>, = = I= GI> I >H =>H G>H, G =IG I= >IN; I= = =>H G L>I= I= >G

>I>O: I=H >HIH >H>IGHI =K>JG, L=>=I =>H I >, > I=>G HJH, I I= HI LNH G > =>H KJG, L=KG = III NI=>< GJ>> I I= LH.

= >I> N LH G JI>K H LGG>G GHK, > N, I =>H HH; = H>G, >, I I= >IIGH=>, JILH L>>I I I= HJaG H I.

AH I= KJG I= >H LNH > cJIJI>< HII, I=GLG H HHH, L=G> N = =>H GJII> > >>< >I> * ; >I aI => > I= HI IG GI,I H I= KGN GHH = H>H, KH > JG>IN, I= N >I HI =>.

=>H => >I I=G I>H JN I; = GGJI I= L>I= N, bM G>, > I= I>H, I=HJaGI>O.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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N I= K>HI I= J I > I=HIGIH > I= MG>H I=>G JI>H, > =H, I=I L>H < LGN >K>< > HII G=N, LJ JGG I GI => >IIG.

" LG, = J>I =>H >IGHIH L>I= I=H CSHG CGHHJH:CI H>, I=>G J> I I=>G >IN HIGN I= GJ>; > G>IN, >I LH I= GJ I HJ= J=N HII, I=I >IG>K HH >JGN G >K> LGH I= N , L=>=, H >IJ>I I= K>LH >IGHIH I= >< , H >I IJGN>IGJ INGN > I= I GGN =>H GJII> I CSHG, JIHG>b >I I =>H JH, L>I=JI L>< L=I = >; CSHG,> GIJG, N I= LG = = G>K G N I

I= GJ> I= G, K N a =>H L GI>bHHI => = G>H IGJH > I= >IN N =>H >HHG>H; = =>H HIG I>H; HJH, GSIGH, IG>JH JG=H I=>G GI>H I I=>G L G>.

= HI, L= H>N IGI >I CSHG[H H>IGI => I JGI I= I= GJ>, > I=I >G GII> >IH >I>OH.

" >>, I=I L=I IG>JI HI I N[H

HIGJI>, LH I= H= I=I aI =>, L= = , I=I N G>H>< CSHG H = = , = = >II HI KGH>H H>GI> I GK> H IH HH>, > I GG G =>H , HI = H=J > H, = LNH GH>HI >GI>< >I.

>GJHI HH I =K >II CSHG G N

JGI>IN H; I=HI = I =>H H> J, I=IGI J L=>= LH >HI>H= N I= GH>.

AH I= >I>H I=H I>H > I G>I G>H I HII>G +, H >I=G LJ I=N HJaG "IN I I>GNHI>IJI IGH; G L=>= GH, H>G GH LGJGIG > C>H> J, JIGN L=>= MIH G I=+J>, >II G>KG > +>, I I= AH: JI, > GG IHJG I= >IN + HI I=H IGH, I= HI HHI=I JH >I, L=>= >H HI> I H I= GG +>>>, N L=>= I=N HN KI I I= >G %>GGN %>GIN: CI GH, K. 3 (GJG DH> I= + E>G; A D> %IIGH)

%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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G L>I= HG>>, N GH L=IKG,L= H=J GHJ I HH I= +J>, L>I= GN, , G H>IN > L,

I=G LH L=>= GK HI> G H>G, I=ILH I= GH> J, L=>= G= I= HJI=GGIH FG, L=G CSHG = G HKG NGH GIJ>IN GHJI>< LG HI H N I>H H = H; N L=>=H =>H H>GH K > NGH H L H =>H, LGJG N =>, > I=>G IJG, H L H I= BGG>H. CSHG I IGJHI L>I= I= J, = J I =K GGJI =>H IGH, G GG =>H KG I I= N H N K>IG>H; = = IN C>H> J, N > I I=

HH I= AH, L=GH = LH I GI>G G "IN,L= I= LG = => H < =>H L GINI=I GJII> L=>=, > >K> LGH, >H I= KGN HJ LG.

= H HIGI>, L=>= > >aJH I=GJIN,L= = = HH I= +J>. N LH H J, I=I= >, K > I= bGHI IH I= LG, G>< N H>H JHJN HJG, IGJHI I c> IGHJG; H = LH > >I> I GIG I= JGG, = GH GI =>H IGH, "IN, GHH I= H.

CSHG[H GIJ =H H MIGG>GN N I N I>H, L>I=JI I= >IG>MIJG I, I=J>JH >>I>H, I=I = LJ=K K>IG>JH I I= = N GN = = , LJ =K N GJ> I=I = K => >GI=.

= = = HI N[H >JIIH > >, = HH

>I G I H N =>H; I=>H H I= HHIH, LH HIG HJG>GG, LH I= >I =>< CSHG[H GN HIGN N>HGN >. BJI H I= H>G GI> LH =>HG>I G>IN, = J I GG K>< III> I HK> H=H * I=H JI =>, L= LG GIJN >H JI, GI>N>< => L>I= I=>G HIH. =>H H , L >< > A

67/443

L> KG ; = GHK I HG>b I= KI, G= I I= = J>H>> IGH IJH.

= I= H=IIG G>H =GH> LG L>I=GL >I

AG>, >>, L= I= I=, GHJH I L CI[HK> G GIGI>< I= LG. I= L >HIH HJHH; = G>H , >>IN HI = = G>H; L= BGJIJH CHH>JH G-HI>H= I=I GIN, I= HG>>II> HIGN I= GJ> I=>G I> ^ .

"I >H HGK, I=I > I= < JGH I=H >K> LGH, I=LG + LH I>JN MI>< > G>JH, N, N, CSHG, AIN, AJIN, < >N G G>, I I=

HIGJI> I= >HI =G.

HII I=GIH >IH >I= JHI H J= H I=IL=>= >H >KK > I= =GGGH >K> LG: > HJ= HH, I=>>IN, I= >I>OH, I= GI>OH, I= HIH, , > H=GI, I=L= N I= H>GH; L= =HJ>I I= I>< GI>H, I=>H HII NH H, >K> LGH LNH GJ I=J>KGH JH> L=>= I= G>HI>H=N N GI>JG G>I, =K KJG GIJ>IN >JJH: = I=H GHH GH > HJ>I H>IJI>; L=GH, > I>H , I=N G HII> NI=GH, J>>JHN. H= HH G I=+H, >J>G G >HIH I=>H IGJI=, > I>H I=I GG G; < I=H, FG LH KG H G>G, H IG I= II>H IL I= =JHH BJG LGH >I= >G>IN %L>H I= =>GII=, IG I= I>>HHI>H > I= H I= FJGII=. E I= I> CGL, IG I= LGH

I= < G>I. = GH > I I=>G HJG>G>INKG I= JGH, I> IG I= >K> LGH I= >G. =>GH, JG =>> I= bI=, >>IN IG I= >K>LGH I=I LG > N I= HJHH>, >K >>N L>I= HJ= G H HI>H= EJG; L L H I= GH>HG>H>< G I= H=H >K> LG, =J>< I= IILG.

" LG, I= GJ> LH I HI HK, L G I I=GIN I= >I> GI>JG GHH, JI

H=J GI=G >JI >I I I= >HH>I> > HI>, L= = NH


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338


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I= GH I= L=, JH =HHHHH GI HI>H HHH G G I= HI NJIGI> G I=, JI K>I> I=>G GJH >H LNH >HI II.


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338

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CSHG, L= LH HII N I I= HI, J I I= >> = IGI> I=I N, L= = HIGG I=HKH G>>JJH, L= I=N LG HHHH> LG: G L=>= GH K =>H N LH >HJI, >I K>I I=I = N G JH =

HG I J>H=.

CSHG G I= >IH I= HI =>H, HJHG>I= L>I= I= H I= bGHI HIGH = = I I=> .C>G, > I= >I= =>H >>G IIGH, LG>IH I I=>H aI:\" =K HI>H >G, I=I >I I= HIHH N N HI, =H IGH>II I NG> AG>,G " = N LI LH ; HKG G>H=K HI IIGH LI >, " LH H G G

L>< I= I > I=I I, I=I " K = I=G I=G LG N HJ= GHH > I= LG.]

N H, > I= IIGH * H , I=JG[H , JH HI I= LGLG>II N =>H, >I L=I I> H>G GHH I=bGHI G > I= GJ> LG HJ N I=>H HJ GKJI>,L=>= >KHI I= I=>G =JGH, K I=>G NIH;L= I= HI, =K>< H I GG, I=IGJII> I=N = J>G I=GJHH G I= >I . =>H HII a>GH GH> J= IIG > I=H IIGH, I= > N GI>H =>HIG>H; I=N G I= HI HIGN GGHII> I=> HI J>I N e>I>, K JH I GIG>I H>IHH = I >I H>IN L>I= >H>G>IN JIGJI=." LG, I=N G I LG>II > JI G IIGH, L>I= K>LI >K, JI G I= >I=J >IGJGH G>H, L=J>I I=N L.

"I LH =GN HH> G CSHG, > =>H H>IJI>, I GHGK =>H

>: I= IN I= H>GIGH HI =>, LG =>HGIN ^ , G = G>K N H G =>, I=GH I=>G >II> I HHHH>I =>, >H KGN IJG; I=N= H>GGIJ >GK, I= G H=G I= >IN, I I=H L= =K I N I=>< I=N GGN I=>G L, >I HH, > H GI>JGH, I >IIHJ JG L=I K.

BH>H, I=G LH GI> L I>H, G HII >>

L=>= GK> > I= GJ>H G "IN, HG> I= =GIG K>GIJJH I I= GH L= H=J


%% K7.0 (GINJ.GI/1338


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HHHH>I N L= = JHJG I= HKG>H I>, KG H> I= MJH> =G > JI HLG >I I= = KGN&g

complete works of montesquieu (volume 3)

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