comparing powertrain options and component technologies...
TRANSCRIPT
Comparing Powertrain Options and Component Technologies with Autonomie
“This presentation does not contain any proprietary or confidential information”
© COPYRIGHT March 2009 UChicago Argonne, LLC
Outline
Changing a component technology
Changing the powertrain
– Using an existing vehicles
– Using an empty configuration
Different process for different powertrain type
– SOC Correction
– PHEV / BEV Procedures
Comparing results
– Summary grid
– Energy Balance
– Signal comparisons
– Parameter plots
– Specialized plots
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Changing a component technology
For most Autonomie systems, changing a technology can be done simply by changing the initialization file. E.g.: switch from lead-acid to Li-ion for the battery, or from induction to permanent magnet for the motor.
In addition, some systems may require to change the model itself to simulate the different technology. E.g.: Engine models are different for Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition, Gearbox models are different for Automatic and Manual.
Finally, the controllers may have to be updated as well if the plant models are modified. E.g.: gearbox controller need to be adapted to the plant transmission type
Tip: use existing vehicles and systems as a starting point
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Changing the powertrain
Load Based vehicle
Change Configuration
Initialize from based vehicle
Update controllers
and VPA proc
Fill out missing
information
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How:
Example:
Conventional Automatic
Start stop Automatic
Parallel Pre-Transmission
Automatic
Series Engine Automatic
Split
Load vehicle with right
configuration
Initialize VPA with based
vehicle
Update controllers
Method 1, if vehicle already exist with the right configuration :
Method 2, from base vehicle:
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
Load a default Autonomie start-stop vehicle, e.g.: HEV Belt ISG Midsize Gasoline 6 Speed Auto Trans
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
Select VPA system and unlock the Initialization File property, if needed
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
Note the VPA Pre and Post-Processing Files lists, you will need to re-enter them after initializing the system
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
Right click on the VPA system, and select “Initalize from System…”
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
Change the Initialization File Type to Vehicle File
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
Select the Conv AutoTrans 2wd Midsize vehicle
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The vehicle doesn’t exist in rev 15
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
You will see the VPA systems from the Conventional vehicle have been used to initialize the matching systems in the start-stop vehicle. However, some of those initializations are not compatible with the start-stop vehicle, and you will see that list of issue in the message window.
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
First, reselect the VPA pre & Post processing files
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
Navigate to the engine controller, unlock the initialization file, right click on the controller and Initialize it from the BISG vehicle
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
The engine plant will show incomplete because its model was designed for conventional vehicle only. You can replace it with the non-conventional version. In this case it’s the Engine model for Spark Ignition. The initialization data will stay the same to simulate the same engine.
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Drag and Drop
Not in rev 15
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
The last error indicate the motor system is looking for a missing gearbox signal. This is because the gearbox controller was for a conventional vehicle.
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
Initialize the gearbox controller with the start-stop vehicle as well
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 1
Conventional -> Start-stop
Vehicle is now complete!
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
Load your based vehicle, e.g.: Conventional Automatic 2wd
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
Drag and drop the new VPA configuration from configuration on the VPA system, e.g.: Par P1 Micro or BISG AutoTrans 2wd
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Drag and Drop
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
Right click on VPA system and select Initialize from System
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
Change the File type to Vehicle file and select the Conventional AutTrans 2wd Vehicle
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
The model will show as incomplete. You will need to fill out the missing information and update some which were designed for conventional only. In this example, here’s the list of what to update:
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System Configuration Model Initialization Pre-processing Post-processing
VPC VPC with controllers
VPC\Prop VPC Propelling –BISG or CISG logic with idle off and assist
vpc_prop_par_1mot_start_alter_idle_off_and_assist_init.m
VPC\Brake VPC Brake - 1 motor for regen, with gearbox, with cpl
Mot1 main regen, before cpland gearbox
VPA vpa_par_starter_alternator_withtc_preproc
vpa_postprocess,vpa_1eng_1ess_regen_postproc
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
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System Configuration Model Initialization Pre-Processing Post-Processing
ESS\plant Update to your need, e.g.: ess_plant_li_6_75_saft
PC Plant(1 effort in,1 effort out)
PC\Plant Update to your need, e.g.: Power Converter with voltage input and voltage output and constant efficiency
Update to your need, e.g.: pc_plant_095_12.m
pc_summary_postprocess, pc_state_signal_postprocess, pc_state_scalar_postprocess, pc_postprocess
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
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System Configuration Model Initialization Scaling Pre-Processing
Post-Processing
MOT Ctrl/Plant(1 effort in,1 effort out)
MOT\plant Update to your need, e.g.: mot_plant_map_Pelec_funTW_volt_in
Update to your need, e.g.: mot_plant_pm_7_14_Accord.m
If needed, e.g.: mot_plant_pwr_scale.m, mot_plant_eff_scale.mIn this example, power was scaled to 7kW
mot_plant_preproc_init.m, mot_plant_preproc.m
mot_postprocess, mot_state_scalar_postprocess, mot_state_signal_postprocess, mot_summary_postprocess
MOT\ctrl ctrl_with_cstr_trs_cmd
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
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System Configuration Model Initialization Pre-Processing Post-Processing
MOT\ctrl\cstr mot_ctrl_cstr_map_Pelec_funTW_volt_in
MOT\ctrl\trs Update to your need, e.g.: mot_ctrl_trs_par_pretx
Update to your need, e.g.: mot_ctrl_trs_par_pretx_init.m
MOT\ctrl\cmd Update to your need, e.g.: mot_ctrl_cmd_map_Pelec_funTW_volt_in
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
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System Configuration Model Initialization Pre-Processing Post-Processing
ENG\plant Engine model for Spark Ignition
ENG\ctrl ctrl_with_cstr_trs_cmd
ENG\ctrl\cstr eng_ctrl_cstr_map_hot
ENG\ctrl\trs eng_ctrl_trs_au_with_vpc
For automatic gearbox with torque converter
ENG\ctrl\cmd HEV Control Command Map -HOT
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Hybridizing your vehicle, Method 2
Conventional -> Start-stop
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System Configuration Model Initialization Pre-Processing Post-Processing
GB\ctrl\dmd gb_ctrl_dmd_n_gen_eng_mot_before_tx.m
GB\ctrl\trs gb_ctrl_trs_au_par_isg
gb_ctrl_trs_au_par_isg_init.m
© COPYRIGHT March 2009 UChicago Argonne, LLC
Hybridizing your vehicle, Additional considerations
Modify the new systems (Motor, Battery…) to match your requirement (different plant model, init file, scaled power…)
Should some of the component be resized to meet minimum performances (e.g.: Engine/Battery/Motor power, Battery energy)? -> Use parametric study / optimization
Does the controller parameters need to be tuned to optimize performances and / or match test data results? -> Use parametric study / optimization
Don’t forget to update the vehicle mass!!
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Different process for different powertrain type
Once the vehicle is complete, the process may need to be modified for the new powertrain.
For HEVs, cycles should be run with the SOC Correction modifier. This will run a cycle in charge sustaining mode so you can compare the fuel economy values to conventional results without an electrical bias.
For PHEVs and E-REVs, it is a bit more complicated as they have both a charge depleting mode and a more ‘classic’ charge sustaining mode like HEVs. They usually require a more complex procedure to merge those different modes via utility factors.
Same issue with BEV vehicles which only have a charge depleting mode.
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SOC Correction: Interpolation
Interpolate Results From Several Cycles: runs the vehicle N number of types at different initial SOCs. The fuel consumption is then plotted versus delta SOC and a linear fit is made. The y-intercept is the SOC corrected fuel consumption
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SOC Correction: Change SOC Start
Modify SOC init until Convergence: vary a parameter such as initial SOC until the difference between initial and final are within a specified tolerance. abs(SOC final –SOC initial) < tolerance
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SOC Correction: Repeating cycle
Repeat Cycle N Times: repeat a cycle a fixed number of times until the SOC convergences and the amount of energy left in the battery due to a remaining delta SOC is insignificant when compared to the total fuel energy used.
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SOC Correction: Selection in Autonomie
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Drag and Drop
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SOC Correction: Parameter Example
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PHEV / BEV Procedures
For PHEV and BEV vehicles, we recommend using the PHEV or BEV specific procedures. Those procedures are based on the associated SAE Standard procedures J1711 for the PHEVs and J1634 for the BEVs.
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BEV
PHEV
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PHEV Procedure example
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Comparing Results
To compare results from multiple simulations, you can use the following tools:
– Summary Grid
– Energy Balance
– Signal Comparisons
– Specialized plots
– Parameter Comparisons
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Comparing results: Summary grid
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Drag and Drop to Add Parameters
Use Context menu on the grid to access plot options or export the grid to Excel for more analysis
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Comparing Results: Energy Balance
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Conventional
Micro Hybrid
Wheel efficiency greatly improves thanks to regen
Gearbox efficiency decreased slightly
Engine efficiency increased
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Comparing Results: Signal comparisons
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Micro hybrid has no engine idle
Micro hybrid has less transient thanks to e-assist
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Comparing Results: Specialized Plots
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Micro hybrid has no engine idle
Micro hybrid has less transient thanks to e-assist
Double click Analysis function to launch it
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Comparing Results: Specialized Plots
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The engine operates in different area of the fuel rate map
Under Engine plant, Double click on the Analysis function: Fuel Rate Hot Map (Torque vs. Speed) – Operating Points
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Comparing Results: Specialized Plots
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Energy density of Conventional vs. Split Engine usage. The Split controller uses the engine in a much more efficient area
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Comparing Results: Parameter plots
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Drag and Drop parameters to plot
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Comparing Results: Parameter plots
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Different view available for analysis / reporting