cng effects

8/11/2019 Cng Effects

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What is Natural Gas

Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons—

mainlymethane

(CH4)—and is produced either from gas wells or in

conjunction with crude oil production.

COMPOSITION VOL. %

Methane 91.9

Ethane 3.7

Carbon dioxide 2.0

Propane 1.2 i-Butane 0.4

i-Pentane 0.2

n-Pentane 0.2

Nitrogen 0.2 n-Butane 0.1



Properties of Natural Gas

Odorless – Colorless - Tasteless

Methyl Mercaptan is added to give it

it’s distinguishable “rotten egg” odor

Odorized natural gas is detectable atconcentrations significantly less than

1%

VAPOR DENSITY

30 % Lighter than Air

Air = 1

Natural Gas

0.7

Will rise and collect near the ceilin

Propane

1. 56

Combustion Products

Complete combustion = Heat, CO2 &

Water Vapor

Incomplete combustion = Carbon

monoxide



LONG-TERM (CHRONIC) EFFECTS

Increased susceptibility to bacterial or

viral respiratory infections

Asthma

Persistent cough

Lung cancer

Heart Rhythm problems

Blood disorders

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION



WHY CNG?

Benefits of CNG use are multifold.

Environment friendly and hence better health

CNG powered vehicles require lower maintenance cost

Mixes easily and disperses easily into the atmosphere

Increased life of lubricating oils, does not contaminate

crankcase oil

Economical

Safer



Fuel substitution : CNG to

improve air quality in DELHI

The great CNG order in Delhi

July 28, 1998 - Supreme Court of India orders the

CNG program for Delhi

No buses over 8 years old after 4/1/2000 except on CNG

All buses on CNG or other clean fuel by 3/31/2001 Financial incentives for CNG in taxis, three-wheelers etc.

Increase the number of buses to at l east 10,000

The Historic verdict



Incorporated in 1998, IGL is a Joint Venture of GAIL and

BPCL. Govt. of NCT of Delhi is also holding 5% equity

IGL started its operations in NCT of Delhi in 1999 with only 9

CNG stations and 1000 PNG consumers

Today IGL has its operations in NCT of Delhi, Noida, Greater

Noida and Ghaziabad with 280 CNG stations, 310000

residential consumers and 730 industrial / commercialcustomers

Fuelling the largest CNG Bus fleet in the World

Connected to 310000 residential consumers, second largest in

CNG REQUIREMENTS IN DELHI ARE

MET THROUGH IGL



December 2002: CNG programme

established astructure



CNG station network in DELHI

77%

19%

4%

CNG

Comm./Ind./Others

Household

STATION IGL DTC/

UPSRTC

OMC TOTAL

Online 103 41 62 206

Daughter 0 0 1 1

Daughter Booster 3 0 76 79

Total 106 41 139 286

SALES THROUGH IGL



NO. OF CNG Vehicles in

DELHIMarch'07 March'08 March'09 March'10 March'11

CAGR

last five

ears

Dec'11

Buses 11552 11665 12918 13900 16655 9% 16880Auto 68498 80276 93440 106699 121854 13% 130000

RTV 5417 5667 5730 5793 11070 14% 12640

Cars/Taxi 47669 130149 175313 213259 281802 63% 328000

Total 133136 227757 287401 339651 431381 32% 487520



CNG CONVERSION

Cars showing different parts of CNG kit

installed Front view of the

Engine



Rear view of the car with the CNG cylinder



What has Delhi achieved since 1998?

On fuel quality

500 ppm sulphur fuels in 2000 and 350 ppm sulphur fuels in 2005

Petrol with 1 per cent benzene

Mandated pre-mix petrol to two- and three-wheelers

On vehicle technology

Euro II emissions standards in 2000, five years ahead of schedule and Euro III in

2005

On alternative fuels

Implemented largest ever CNG programme – more than 400,000 CNG vehicles in

one city within a span of 5 years

Largest ever public transport bus fleet on clean fuels – 10,600 CNG buses

Other cross cutting policy measures

Improved air quality monitoring (Begun monitoring of PM2.5 and air toxics)

Strengthened vehicle inspection programme (Implemented improved CO and HC

norms and begun a pilot phase of lambda measurement)

Efforts made to bypass transit traffic Set up independent fuel testing laboratories to

check fuel adulteration



Impact on air quality :Air pollution stabilized

PM10 at ITO Traffic Intersection

(March 98-Jun 05)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

M a r - 9 8

S e p - 9 8

M a r - 9 9

S e p - 9 9

M a r - 0 0

S e p - 0 0

M a r - 0 1

S e p - 0 1

M a r - 0 2

S e p - 0 2

M a r - 0 3

S e p - 0 3

M a r - 0 4

S e p - 0 4

M a r - 0 5

S e p - 0 5

M i c r o g r a m m e p e r c u b i c m e t r

ePM10 trend projection

pre Supreme Courtdirections

PM10 trend March 98- Dec 05,

Post Supreme Court directions

ITO: Sulfur Dioxide 1997-2005

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 9 9 7

1 9 9 8

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 1

2 0 0 2

2 0 0 3

2 0 0 4

2 0 0 5 * a

n n u a l a v e r a g e i n

m i c r o g r a m / c u m

Annual average Annual Standard: 60 microgram/cum

ITO: CO 1996 - 2004

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n m i l l i g r a m / c

u

Average concentration

8-hourly standard: 2 milligram/cum



FUTURE SCOPE OF CNG

CNG gate-way to Hydrogen future –

Hythane :

The pilot project on Hythane programme is to bring the transition and

bridge the

Gap with new generation fuels and technology that are to combat pollution

and

Climate change.

In a major initiative the Indian Oil Corporation Limited commissioned a H-

CNG

dispensing station at Dwarka.

This dispensing station will make H-CNG available or three-wheelers and

cars.

The project is funded jointly by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

and the

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas with an investment of Rs. 5 crores.

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