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Climate Services for Farmers
> Mission Possible
Lessons from Africa and South Asia Dr. Arame Tall
Climate Services- Scientist, Champion
3rd International Conference on Climate Services, Dec. 4-6, 2013, Montego Bay (Jamaica)
2 • 3/21/11
2
Premise:
Information is Power
3 • 3/21/11
Access to relevant
climate information
can Empower
farmers to
anticipate and
confront climate-
related risks
and opportunities
Rationale: Why do Farmers
Need Climate Services?
4 • 3/21/11
• Salience: tailoring content, scale, format, lead-time to farm decision-making
• Legitimacy: giving farmers an effective voice in design and delivery
• Access: providing timely access to remote rural communities with marginal infrastructure
• Equity: ensuring that women, poor, socially marginalized benefit
• Integration: climate services as part of a larger package of support
Challenges to Scaling up
Climate Service for Farmers
6 • 3/21/11
Delivering
tailored 5day
agro-met
advisories
for 3+ million
farmers in
India‟s Integra
-ted Agromet
Advisory
Service
Program
18 Good Practice Cases
from Africa to South Asia
Involving farmers
through rain gages in
Mali‟s 30-year Agromet
advisory program
Cell-phone based
information service
delivery in Uganda
Grameen Foundation‟s
“Community
Knowledge
Workers”
Project
More at:
scalingup.iri.
columbia.edu
Farmer Seasonal Forecast Training in
Wote, Kenya
Lushoto:
Co-producing climate
services with farmers
CYMMIT: Delivering on
Farmers‟ Information
Needs in the Indo-
Gangetic Plains of India
Kaffrine: Putting downscaled climate
forecasts into farmers‟ hands
7 • 3/21/11
PRE-REQUISITE 1:
FROM CLIMATE INFORMATION
TO
CLIMATE SERVICE
8 • 3/21/11
Courtesy: J. Hansen,
CCAFS/IRI
9 • 3/21/11 Everyone has a role to Play in
Linking Knowledge to Action
National Hydro-Meteorological Services
(NHMS)
Production of downscaled hydro-meteorological forecasts
NARES (Partners)
Packaging of climate information > From Climate Information to a Climate Service
Production of Agro-Met Advisory
Communicators & Boundary Organizations:
- Media – Extension Services – NGOs – CBOs -Other community relays
Widespread 2-way Communication of climate information and advisory services
National level End-users
(rural development planners, policy makers, seed distributors, fertilizer industry, private sector)
Final End-users
(farmers, pastoralists, communities at risk)
Credit: Arame Tall, CCAFS
Fig. 1: Different
stakeholders and
roles in national
Chain of Climate
Service
Production,
Tailoring and
Communication
Building the National Chain of
Climate Services
10 • 3/21/11
Global
Regional
National
10
Promoting Coordinated
Framework for Climate Services
11 • 3/21/11
PRE-REQUISITE 2:
FROM DISSEMINATION
TO
2-WAY COMMUNICATION
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• Relevant communication channels identified to reach most vulnerable: SMS in local language
Rural radio, media professionals
Forecast bulletin boards in
strategic outposts across village
At village mosque/church
At water boreholes (women)
Community relays/boundary
organizations (NGOs, CBOs)
School children (vehicle)
Communicating to Reach
„last mile‟
Credit: Tall, CCAFS
13 • 3/21/11
Training Intermediaries to
Communicate Climate Services
at Scale
Photo: As part of a new CCAFS-World Vision collaboration, Dr. Jim
Hansen trains World Vision staff on communicating forecast
uncertainty to farmers (Same, N. Tanzania). Credit: A. Tall, CCAFS
14 • 3/21/11
PRE-REQUISITE 3:
HEED
GENDER AND EQUITY
IN DESIGN OF CLIMATE
SERVICE
15 • 3/21/11
PAR in Kaffrine: Woman FGD identifying
climate service needs. Credit: Tall, CCAFS
• Identify specific service needs of women and underserved groups (in terms of content, timing and delivery channels)
• Place specificity of needs
• Different social norms from village to village
Climate Service Needs of women farmers
in Fass (Left) different from those in Dioly
(right). Credit: Tall, CCAFS
Focusing on Equity in Service
Design and Delivery
16 • 3/21/11
• Opening Spaces for iterative dialogue, interaction and Co-production of climate service
• PAR > key to success – involving communities (community
diaries of local CC impacts)
– Capturing local innovation (forecast bulletin boards, SMS language)
• Preliminary Results of Kaffrine gender research end project assessment – Increase in access, from handful in
2011 to 100% by 2012
– Demonstrated Usefulness of received information, for all products across timescales
– Added value to traditional forecasts
Soxna Ndao, Dioly village, stating: ‘We women, need information
on when the rainy season will stop, as men plant for us later in
the season. Credit: A. Tall
Giving Women an Effective
Voice in Design of Climate
Services
17 • 3/21/11
PRE-REQUISITE 4:
BUILD FARMER CAPACITY
TO USE
CLIMATE SERVICES
18 • 3/21/11
Credit: Mariane Diop-
Kane, ANACIM
The shorter the
time range,
the more
accurate the
forecast
Credit: Red Cross/PetLab
Bringing together forecasters and farmers to put climate forecasts at the service of communities at risk from climate-related risks
Fass Djoly
Malem
Communicating Uncertainty
- Didactic Games
19 • 3/21/11 Communicating Uncertainty in
Seasonal Climate Forecasts
> The Pobability Distribution
Function
Farmers discussing what 1mm of rain means…
Credit: Dr. Ousmane Ndiaye, ANACIM Credit: J. Hansen, CCAFS Ousmane Ndiaye, ANACIM
20 • 3/21/11
Credit: J. Hansen, IRI/CCAFS KPC Rao, ICRISAT
….To Wote, Eastern Kenya:
FarmerTrainings
21 • 3/21/11
PRE-REQUISITE 5:
DESIGN, MONITOR AND
EVALUATE SERVICE
TO ENSURE ITS RELEVANCE
22 • 3/21/11 Developing M&E Framework
to Evaluate Climate Services
for Farmers Goal: Develop M&E protocol to identify
farmer need for climate services
and measure added-value of climate
services for farmer communities,
with guidance on:
- Baseline collection
- Monitoring, re-assessment
- End project final impact assessment
• Locally-Relevant
• Gender responsive
3 Objectives of Assessment: 1.To inform design of new climate services and projects;
2.To identify current gaps, and improve project effective and service delivery for farmers;
3.To assess impact of provided services on farmers, and demonstrate project impact with a
dollar value (towards outcome reporting).
24 • 3/21/11
Based on identified user needs, tailoring:
• In space: Geographic Downscaling
• In time: Seemless forecast
products across timescales: – Seasonal > Monthly > Dekadal >
72h > 48h > 3h > nowcasting
– Historical Data Trends Analysis
– Key to building trust and empowering farmers to monitor risks as season unfolds
• In Content (hazards, info needed)
• In Lead time (alert thresholds)
• In message format, language & delivery channel
Designing Tailored
Forecast products for Farmers
HOURS DAYS WEEKS MONTHS YEARS
DECADES …
WEATHER CLIMATE
Decision Making is local. Blended Station and
Satellite data is one way forward to downscale
climate forecasts, and enable climate forecasts
to serve local decision-making.
Courtesy: J. Hansen, CCAFS/IRI
25 • 3/21/11 CCAFS OBJECTIVE:
10M farmers by 2016 equipped with tailored climate services for improved management of climate risks
http://dmu.icrisat.ac.in/CCAFS_CIS_Home.aspx
26 • 3/21/11
1. Identify Good practice
2. Upscale Climate Services to millions of farmers
– Promoting National Frameworks for Climate Services
– Brokering strong partnerships between
NHMSs, Agr Research and Extension
to produce tailored agro-met advisories
– Leveraging new ICTs, media professionals
NGOs and boundary organisations for
effective 2-way communication
3. Build evidence base on livelihood outcomes for
farmers - making the case for Climate Services
CCAFS Strategy to Scale Up
Climate Services for Farmers
27 • 3/21/11
• Operational Climate Services for
Farmers is a multi-front challenge
• Examples surveyed by CCAFS prove
however that it is Mission Possible
today to reach millions of farmers with
salient and downscaled climate
information and advisory services
relevant to support their decision-
making under an uncertain climate.
• It is time to Scale Up this approach for
many other farmers to have access and
benefit from available climate
information and advisory services.
• The time is Right for Climate
Services.
For more information, contact:
Arame Tall, [email protected]
Scaling up Climate Services
for millions of Farmers
> Mission Possible
Photo: Women Farmers in Amtrar, Himachal
Pradesh (India), discussing how they benefit from
agromet advisories. Credit: A. Tall, CCAFS