climate change and gender saadullah ayaz

Climate Change and Gender-

Experiences of IUCN

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Saadullah Ayaz

IUCN Pakistan

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Pakistan

ABOUT IUCN

IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is the world’s

oldest and largest global environmental network

A democratic membership union with more than 1,000 government and NGO member

organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries worldwide

IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and

development challenges.


development challenges.

Supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world and brings

governments, non-government organizations, United Nations agencies, companies and local

communities together to develop and implement policy, laws and best practice

Status of an ‘Observer’ in UN General Assembly

IUCN’s HeadquartersGland, Switzerland

WHAT DOES IUCN DO?

Knowledge: IUCN develops and supports cutting edge conservation science, particularly in species, ecosystems, biodiversity, and the impact these have on human livelihoods

Action: IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments

Influence: IUCN supports governments, NGOs, international conventions, UN organizations, companies and communities to develop laws, policy and best-practice


to develop laws, policy and best-practice

Empowerment: IUCN helps implement laws, policy and best-practice by mobilizing organizations, providing resources, training people and monitoring results

IUCN- A GLOBAL UNION


Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland

THE DRIVING FORCE

IUCN’s VISION

A just world that values and

conserves nature


IUCN’s Mission

Influence, encourage and assist

societies to conserve the integrity and

diversity of nature and ensure any use

of natural resources is equitable and

ecologically sustainable

OUR STRUCTURE


IUCN’s VALUE PROPOSITION

Building new

Establishing a common standard for

Imp

ac

t

Knowledge GovernanceEmpowerment


Reach

Research and data for sustainable

resource management

Applying, and in some cases tailoring,

knowledge to a specific situation

and/or the needs of partners at any level

Building new approaches and a

constituency that can maintain, promote

and extend the application of sustainability

standard for approaches, services

and products that allow for scaling-up,

adaptation and quality control

Imp

ac

t

CORE PROGRAMME AREAS


IUCN IN PAKISTAN


A long term commitment since 1985

Several offices, around 112 staff

largest Country Programme of the Union in the World

MEMBERS IN PAKISTAN – 29


�Gilgit-Baltistan Administration

�Pak Env. Protection Found

�Government of Balochistan

Sarhad Office at Peshawar

•FATA Environment Cell

Islamabad Office

• Programme Coordination

• Constituency

• NIAP

• Murree Biodiversity Park

• ESMA

• EFR

• PSDS

• ADB-TPM

• CC-TAP/Road to CPN

BPSD Qila Saifullah Office

MBP Murree Office

OFFICES AND WORK


Balochistan Office at Quetta

• BPSD

Country Office at Karachi

• Coastal Ecosystem

• Sindh Coastal project

• Business & Biodiversity

• Comm. & Outreach

• Water Programme

• Finance

• HR

• Admin

• CC-TAP/Road to CPN

• Clean Air Initiative

• CKMPJuniper Ziarat Office

BPSD Gwadar Office

BPSD Lasbela Office

IUCN Pakistan is seen as an effective agent for;

• Mainstreaming environment into policy-making, periodic reviews

• Building partnerships and encouraging dialogue with stakeholder

• Encouraging donor agencies to provide flexible but focused grants for the

development of the environment sector in Pakistan

IUCN IN PAKISTAN


• Encouraging and supporting environmental impact assessments of all new

development projects and policies

• Awareness and advocacy

• Enhancing capacity of its member organizations and government institutions in

sustainable development

• Demonstrating/piloting in remote areas to provide replicable models for

communities and member organizations

CLIMATE CHANGE AND GENDER


GENDER BALANCED APPROACH

…..Should not simply be about women.

Men and boys are also vulnerable to the

impacts of climate change, but often in

different ways, and these need to be

identified and communicated


Furthermore, women and girls are involved in

relationships with men and boys and it is at

the level of these gender relations and the

social expectations influencing them that

research needs to be conducted and change

needs to happen.” (Bridge, 2008)

WOMEN AT RISK

Climate change is not gender neutral

Climate change impacts will be differently distributed

among different regions, generations, age classes,

income groups, occupations and genders

The poor (of which 70% are women) will be

disproportionately affected. Women are also


disproportionately affected. Women are also

powerful agents of change by playing a key role in

energy consumption, deforestation, burning of

vegetation, population growth and economic growth

Gender Concerns and Ethics

– Principle of Individual Liberty

– Utilitarian Principle

– Principle of Justice

KEY FACTS

Women are the main producers of the world‘s staple crops, providing up to 90%

of food for the rural poor and producing 60–80% of the food in most developing

countries

Women already struggle to cope with year-to-year variability of maize, sorghum,

millet and groundnut yields associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation.

Crop productivity in extreme El Niño years is expected to drop a further 20–50%

in southern


in southern

Africa

Women are already more vulnerable to nutritional problems. 50% of the women

and children in developing countries are anaemic

Climate variability plays an important role in initiating malaria epidemics in the East

African highlands and accounts for 70% of variation of recent cholera outbreaks in

Bangladesh. This increase has more severe impacts on women who often have

less access to medical services than men. Women’s workloads also increase as

they spend time caring for the sick

There is decisive evidence that gender differences in deaths from natural disasters

KEY FACTS (contd.)


There is decisive evidence that gender differences in deaths from natural disasters

are directly linked to women’s economic and social rights. In societies that are more

inequitable, men are likely to receive preferential treatment in rescue efforts and

women are likely to suffer more from shortages of food andother resources in the

aftermath of disasters

Many key decision-making institutions related to climate

change have a male-dominated hierarchical structure

Women’s empowerment is now being linked to climate change

solutions

KEY FACTS (contd.)


Climate

Change

CROP FAILURE

FUEL SHORTAGE

SHORTAGE OF SAFE,

CLEAN WATER

RESOURCE SCARCITY

Impacts on women

Household food provision;

Increased agricultural work

Household fuel provision;

food-fuel conflicts

Household water provision;

exposure to contaminated sources

Economic drawbacks; lack of land

tenure; resource-dependent

livelihoods; school dropouts, early

IMPACTS ON WOMEN


NATURAL DISASTERS

DISEASE

DISPLACE-MENT

CIVIL WAR / CONFLICT

livelihoods; school dropouts, early

marriage

Greater incidence of mortality;

reduction of life expectancy

Lack of access to healthcare;

increased burden of caring for

young, sick and elderly

Loss of livelihoods; lack of adequate

shelter; conflicts

Loss of livelihoods and lives; sexual

violence and trauma

Adopted from WEDO (2008)

GLOBAL CONCERNS

Every major global agreement now includes a gender component:

1. United Nations Charter (1945)

2. Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948)

3. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (1979)

4. Convention on Biodiversity (1992)

5. Chapter 24 of Agenda 21 (UNCED 1992)

6. World Conference on Human Rights (1993)


6. World Conference on Human Rights (1993)

7. International Conference on Population and Development (1994)

8. Convention to Combat Desertification (1994)

9. World Summit for Social Development (1995)

10. Beijing Platform for Action (1995)

11. Millennium Declaration (2000)

12. Johannesburg Plan of Action (2002)

13. Hyogo Framework for Action (2005)

14. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change/Kyoto Protocol (1992)- Exception!!

GENDER AT IUCN


IUCN’s DEFINITION OF GENDER

IUCN understands that gender refers to the attributes and opportunities associated

with being male and female and the socio-cultural relationships

In most societies there are differences and inequalities between women and men in

activities undertaken, access to and control over resources as well as decision

making opportunities

Gender is part of the broader socio-cultural context which also takes into

consideration factors such as class, race, economic status, ethnic group and age


consideration factors such as class, race, economic status, ethnic group and age

IUCN understands that adopting a gender perspective means focusing on both

women and men and their relationships with each other and natural resources

IUCN further understands that mainstreaming gender means creating an enabling

working environment that in turn attracts and helps to retain gender sensitive staff

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gender/

IUCN' S GENDER POLICY STATEMENT(Adopted in April 1998)

Submitted to the 48th meeting of the IUCN Council 27-29 April 1998 and was endorsed with

subsequent modifications

Calls for the promotion of equity and equality as a crucial factor for environmental

sustainability and an integral part of all conservation efforts. It presents the goals of equity

and equality in the context of IUCN's overall mission and provides a brief conceptual

framework and the rationale for the consideration of equality issues


Calls for an effective mainstreaming strategy to integrate a gender perspective in a broad

socio-cultural context, into IUCN's Policies, Programmes and Projects

cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/gender_policy.pdf

MAINSTREAMING GENDER

IN IUCN’s WORK

IUCN realizes that gender is one of the most important determinants of a wholesome and

meaningful development

IUCN realizes that fundamental objectives of any development programme cannot be

achieved without taking into account the role of gender and harmonizing gender relations

IUCN realizes that human development, that often precedes its material effects and

manifestations is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to actualize in the absence of gender


manifestations is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to actualize in the absence of gender

equity and justice

A long process of recognition of issues of gender, beginning in 1984 culminated in a

resolution to the 1996 World Conservation Congress. This resolution called for, among other

things, IUCN to “integrate gender perspectives across the IUCN Programme”

IUCN’s Gender Checklist and Guidelines (2006)

http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/asia/asia_where_work/pakistan/publications/pubs

2006/pubs_gender_checklist.cfm

Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change

(http://generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/651_english.pdf )

Goal:

Answering the urgent demand expressed by the Parties to UNFCCC and other stakeholders

for a deeper understanding about the linkages between gender and climate change.

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS


Scope:

- including the latest data and information on the

gender dimensions of climate change;

- offering participatory training methodologies for

trainers to foster successful trainings

in the topic at a national and/or regional levels.

CBD’s Gender Plan of Action

http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/cop/cop-09/information/cop-09-inf-12-rev1-en.doc

Defines the role that the CBD Convention Secretariat will play in stimulating and facilitating

efforts to overcome constraints and take advantage of opportunities to promote gender

equality

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS


It is also a reflection of the increasing awareness that gender equality and women’s

empowerment are important prerequisites for environmental conservation and sustainable

development

UNEP’s Gender Plan of Action

http://www.unep.ch/roe/gender/refdocs/Final%20POA%20for%20UNEP.pdf

The Plan of Action is a set of gender-equality criteria, gender sensitive strategies and

guidelines for implementation of programmes

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS


Gender Equality within the REDD and REDD-plus framework (UNFCCC)

http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/500.pdf

Incorporation of gender considerations into the REDD and REDD-plus frameworks brings

about increased efficiency and sustainability as it contributes to women’s involvement and

commitment who are crucial players of local forest management

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS


IUCN Factsheet Linking Gender and Biodiversity http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/494.pdf

IUCN Factsheet Gender and Agricultural Biodiversity


IUCN Factsheet Gender and National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans

(NBSAPs)

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS


(NBSAPs)


IUCN Factsheet "Gender and Bioenergy"


Putting Words into Action… Analysis of the Status of Gender Mainstreaming in the

Main Multilateral Environmental Agreements http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/488.pdf

IUCN Pakistan recognises gender equity as an integral element for conservation and

sustainable development and is committed to ensuring that gender is an inherent

factor in all its programmes and projects

Gender integration and sensitisation are important factors in its mandate

IUCN’s Human Resource Manual contains a specific Gender Policy (Annexe 1), that

aims at achieving a gender balance in staff

RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN


The global IUCN Gender Policy adopted in 1998 has also been adopted in both

Pakistan and the region (Annexe 2). The Policy statement calls for:

the promotion of equity and equality as a crucial factor for environmental

sustainability and an integral part of all conservation efforts. It presents the

goals of equity and equality in the context of IUCN's overall mission and

provides a brief conceptual framework and the rationale for the consideration of

equality issues in environmental work

Prepared Gender Checklist and Guidelines (IUCN, 2004)

Environmental Rehabilitation in NWFP and Punjab (ERNP 1997-2003)

- Gender an integrated component

- Equal opportunities for managerial and technical skill building

- Equal opportunities for natural resource management

RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)


Mountain Areas Conservation Programme (MACP 1999-2006)

- Mainstreaming in programme activities

- Equal opportunities for managerial and technical skill building

- Enhanced role in local governance

Programme Support Northern Pakistan (PSNP)

- Development of gender checklists and guidelines

- Gender sensitive monitoring with relevant indicators

- Gender sensitization of staff and partners

- Gender budgeting



- Special focus on women in model projects

- Specific programmes with women groups

Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFR 2006-2010)

Gender considerations mainstreamed in project rationaleg

Gender-related aspects (environmental investments), considered in all policy/advocacy activities

Trainings and capacity building, management of resources

Balochistan Partnerships for Sustainable Development (BPSD 2007-2013)

- Gender equity as a key component, take affirmative action to involve

women in programme activities

- Measures to address existing gender disparities

- Integrated into District Development Visions (Lasbela, Pishin, Mastung and Quetta)




Women make up a large number of the poor in communities

in Quetta are disproportionately vulnerable to and affected

Poor women are more vulnerable because of socially

constructed gender roles and behaviors

Findings of Study on “Climate Change in District Quetta, Balochistan-

Implications and Recommendations” (Under publication, 2011)


constructed gender roles and behaviors

In Quetta, women’s informal rights to resources could

decrease or disappear as access to land natural resources

dwindle due to climate change

Gender discrimination in the allocation of resources,

including those relating to nutrition and medicines is putting

females at greater risk than male

Thanks


Saadullah AyazCoordinator, Climate Change/Clean Air Initiative

IUCN Pakistan

Email: [email protected]

climate change and gender saadullah ayaz

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