ADLT 602 – Fall 2010

Program Ideas and Needs AssessmentClass Session 4

Agenda

Where are we with Caffarella’s Interactive Model of Program Design?

Paired discussions from Exercises 4.1 and 4.2 in Caffarella text – The Importance of Context in the Planning Process

Needs Assessment Discussion

Cultural Sensitivity in Conducting Needs Assessments and Designing Evaluations

Caffarella’s Interactive Program Planning Model

Interactive Model of Program

Planning

Building a SolidBase of support

IdentifyingProgram IdeasSorting and PrioritizingProgram IdeasDeveloping

Program Objectives

DesigningInstructional Plans

DevisingTransfer of LearningPlans

FormulatingEvaluatingPlans

Making Recommendationsand CommunicatingResults

Preparing Budgetsand Marketing Plans

CoordinatingFacilities andOn-site Events

Discerning the Context

Selecting Formats, Schedules, and Staff Needs

Discerning the Context

Defined as “the human, organizational,

and environmental factors that affect the

decisions planners make about programs.”

People: who should be invited to the planning table? Organization factors: structural, political, and

cultural

o History and traditions, SOPs, who makes decisions

o Power relations among individuals and groups;

coalitions

• Environmental

o The social, economic, and political climate

Analyzing the Context YOUR Program Planning Project

Work with a partner

Consider your program planning project for this class and answer these questions: Who else should be invited to YOUR planning

table?

What are the key contextual issues that need to be taken into consideration?

Structural

Political

Cultural

Analyzing the Context YOUR Program Planning Project

How do you think power will influence your program planning process in ….o Shaping needs?

o Setting agendas?

o Determining populations?

o Making decisions?

o Allocating resources?

Analyzing the Context YOUR Program Planning Project

Analyzing the Context YOUR Program Planning Project

Needs Assessment/Analysis and Generating Program Ideas

What is a Needs Assessment?

“a process for identifying knowledge and skills necessary for achieving organizational goals.” (Brinkerhoff& Gill, 1994)

“a method of finding out the nature and extent of performance problems and how they can be solved.” (Molenda, Pershing, & Reigeluth, 1996)

The ADDIE ModelAssess, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate

Assess Needs

Prioritize needs

Define objectives

Develop lesson plans

Develop materials

Select trainer

Select methods and techniques

Schedule training

Deliver the program or educational intervention

Select evaluation criteria

Determine evaluation design

Conduct evaluation

Interpret results

Needs Assessment Approaches

Strategic

Competency-based - KSAOs

Job and task analysis

Training needs assessment

When do you use each one?

Strategic / Organizational Needs Assessment

Organizational goals Identify areas where organizational goals are

not being met Organizational resources

Determine resource availability including facilities, materials, expertise within the org

Organizational climate Assess readiness of the org climate to influence

transfer of training Environmental constraints

Identify legal, social, political, and economic issues that might affect training

What is a task analysis?

Systemic collection of data about a specific job or group of jobs to determine what individuals should be taught to achieve optimal performance

KSAOs – What are they?

Knowledge – factual knowledge necessary for successful performance

Skill – level of proficiency at a task

Ability – A more general enduring trait (such as persistence, flexibility)

Other characteristics – personality, interests, and attitudes

How do you conduct a task analysis?

o Develop an overall description of what is expected of the individual.

o Identify each task. Describe what should be done. Describe what is actually done.

o Describe KSAOs needed.o Identify and prioritize areas that can

benefit from training.

Components of a performance gap

What is happening?

What should be happening?

Cause – Why does the problem exist?

Symptoms – What are the effects of the problem?

Gap

Rothwell and Kazanas

Strategies for Collecting Needs Assessment Data

Personal and Professional Experience

Experts

Interviews

Focus Groups

Observations

Standardized Assessment Instruments

Locally Constructed Instruments and Procedures

Extant Data

When do you use each one?

How do you communicate the results?

In-Class Exercise – to get you started

DEVELOPING CULTURAL SENSITIVITY

What do we mean by “culture” ?

Strategies for Making Needs Assessments (and Evaluations) More Culturally Sensitive

Strategies for Making Needs Assessments (and Evaluations) More Culturally Sensitive