Civil War, Part II

How does the war effect civilians?

How does the South sink to it’s knees?

War on the HomefrontWar on the Homefront

• Lincoln and Davis suspend habeas corpus– allowed gov’t to hold citizens w/out formally

charging them w/ a crime

• N & S impose conscription (draft men army)

• 180,000 African Amer. fight for N– Segregated regiments, major discrimination

• POWs die in prisons (disease, starvation)

• Women = army nurses

• Confederate econ.: Inflation rises 7,000%!

• Congress (U.S.) collects income tax for 1st time!

Gettysburg 1863Gettysburg 1863

• Most decisive battle

• 90,000 Union troops vs. 75,000 Confederate troops

• 23,000 Union soldiers and 25,000 Confederate soldiers died

• Confederate army retreated South

• “Gettysburg Address”, speech made by Lincoln dedicating a cemetery (see page 177)

Battle at Gettysburg & Lincoln’s AddressBattle at Gettysburg & Lincoln’s Address

• July 1-3, 1863

• Gen. Lee vs Gen. Meade

• Gen. Lee loses

• 23,000 Union casualties (dead + wounded)

• 28,000 Confed. casualties

• November 1863: Lincoln delivers Gettysburg Address– Dedication of cemetery

Vicksburg, MSVicksburg, MS – July 4, 1863 – July 4, 1863

• Gen. Grant attacked and starved the town.– Confed’s surrender

• 1864 - Grant was appointed commander of all Union armies.

Gen.’s Grant & Sherman wage Total WarGen.’s Grant & Sherman wage Total War

• 1864, Grant apptd. William Tecumseh Sherman as commander of Mississippi division of U.S. Army.

• 1864: From Georgia to the Atlantic, Sherman’s men burn everything.

• 25,000 freed slaves follow him N

Lincoln re-elected in 1864Lincoln re-elected in 1864

• Lincoln thought he’d lose– people sick of war and casualties

• Grant & Sherman victories inspire the North

• Lincoln wins election!

April 3, 1865 The War EndsApril 3, 1865 The War Ends • Un. troops take Richmond, VA (Con. Capital)• Lee surrenders @ Appomattox Court House, VA

• Grant and Lee meet

• Terms of surrender were generous

• Confederate soldiers were permitted to return home

Human EffectsHuman Effects

• The Union Army: 2,500,000 to 2,750,000 men. – Battle deaths:110,070– Disease, etc.:250,152– Total: 360,222

• The Confederate Army: 750,000 to 1,250,000. – Battle deaths:94,000– Disease, etc.:164,000– Total: 258,000

Effects of Civil WarEffects of Civil War

• Federal Gov’t became stronger

• Economic gap widens b/t North and South

• War technology develops– Rifle, soft-lead bullets (more destructive)– Ironclad ship

• 13th Amendment, Dec. 1865: Outlaws slavery and indentured servitude

Lincoln AssassinatedLincoln Assassinated

Lincoln’s AssassinatedLincoln’s Assassinated

• April 14, 1865 at Ford Theatre in Washington

• John Wilkes Booth (a Southern sympathizer) shot Lincoln in the back of the head.

• He was caught and killed 12 days later.