total war & totalitarianism. total war bloodiest wars in history “total war” – why?...
TRANSCRIPT
Great War of 1914 or World War I
• War to end all wars
• 70 million fought & 8 million died
• Background to war
Background
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• “Powder Keg of Europe”
• Central Powers – Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
• Allied Forces – Serbia, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Russia
Wilfred Owen
• 1893-1918
• British poet
• Sense of cynicism and futility
• Dulce et Dorcum Est (1917)
Erich Maria Remarque
• 1898-1970
• Erich Paul Remark
• German solider & author
• All Quiet on the Western Front (1929)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
• 1870-1924
• Marxist
• Leader of the Russian Socialist Party
• Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
State and Revolution
• Phases of Revolution
• Communist Society
• State disappears
• Harmony in the world
Joseph Stalin
• 1879-1953
• Secret police favorite weapon
• Strict programs – 15 million people die – “the great terror”
Russian Propaganda
• Promote ideals
• Condemn “modernism”, decadence and bourgeois notions
• Social realism in art
John Steinbeck
• 1902-1968
• American novelist
• Natural/Realist style
• Grapes of Wrath (1939)– Social realism vs.
socialist realism
Dorothea Lange
• 1895-1965
• Documentary photographer
• Worked with RA/FSA
• Humanizes the consequences of the Great Depression
Adolf Hitler
• 1889-1945
• 1933 – Chancellor of Germany & leader (Fuhrer) of National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi party)
• “Internal enemies”
• Propaganda
Background
• Axis powers – Germany, Italy, Bulgaria, Hungry, Spain & Japan
• Allied countries – 25 nations, France & Britain and after 1941 US & USSR
• Turning moments– 1942 – Defeat at Stalingrad– Naval War– Hitler commits suicide– Surrender
Lee Miller
• 1907-1977
• Former debutant and fashion model who photographed WWII concentration camps & acts of war
Film in the War Era
• Film as propaganda
• Used in many countries and in many different genres.
Sergei Eisenstein
• 1898-1948
• Russian
• Promoted communism
• Montage
Movie clip