Civil Rights – A Civil Rights – A Time LineTime Line

Chapter 29Chapter 29

VocabularyVocabulary

De facto discrimination – cultural/societal De facto discrimination – cultural/societal discriminationdiscrimination

De jure discrimination – legalized/codified De jure discrimination – legalized/codified discrimination discrimination

Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action Jim Crow Laws – Legalized segregationJim Crow Laws – Legalized segregation

Civil Rights Civil Rights

1414thth Amendment – Equal protection Amendment – Equal protection (1868)(1868)

1515thth Amendment – guaranteed the Amendment – guaranteed the right to vote (1870)right to vote (1870)

Supreme Court Decision Supreme Court Decision Plessy vs. Plessy vs. FergusonFerguson – “separate but equal” – “separate but equal” (1896)(1896)

Brown v. Board of Education (1954Brown v. Board of Education (1954

Morgan v. Virginia Morgan v. Virginia (1946)(1946)

Ruled unconstitutional segregated Ruled unconstitutional segregated seating on seating on interstateinterstate buses buses

Modern Civil Rights Modern Civil Rights MovementMovement

1954 – 19651954 – 1965 ““Legal” phaseLegal” phase

eliminate Jim Crow lawseliminate Jim Crow laws Focused on the SouthFocused on the South Optimistic PeriodOptimistic Period Whites and Blacks working togetherWhites and Blacks working together Strong OrganizationStrong Organization Non-violenceNon-violence Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience

OrganizationsOrganizations

NAACP – legal issuesNAACP – legal issues National Urban League – focused on National Urban League – focused on

people moving to the citiespeople moving to the cities CORE – change through peaceful CORE – change through peaceful

confrontationconfrontation SCLC – non-violent protestsSCLC – non-violent protests SNCC – non violence – young peopleSNCC – non violence – young people

Brown v Board of Brown v Board of Education 1954Education 1954

Overturned Plessy v. FergusonOverturned Plessy v. Ferguson Separate is by its nature unequalSeparate is by its nature unequal

Social consequencesSocial consequences Economic consequences – 10x as much spent Economic consequences – 10x as much spent

educating a white child as a black childeducating a white child as a black child Strong resistance in the SouthStrong resistance in the South Southern Manifesto “resist by all lawful Southern Manifesto “resist by all lawful

means”means”

““Little Rock Nine” Little Rock Nine” (1957)(1957)

Attempt to Attempt to desegregate Central desegregate Central HighHigh

Political motivationsPolitical motivations Federal government Federal government

intervenesintervenes Focused attention on Focused attention on

issues of issues of desegregationdesegregation

Southern ResistanceSouthern Resistance

Southern ResistanceSouthern Resistance

Montgomery Bus Boycott Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)(1955)

Segregated BusesSegregated Buses Rosa ParksRosa Parks 381 Days381 Days 1956 Supreme Court outlaws bus segregation1956 Supreme Court outlaws bus segregation

James Meredith and James Meredith and University of Mississippi University of Mississippi

-1962-1962 US Marshall’s US Marshall’s

escort James escort James Meredith into the Meredith into the University of University of Mississippi Mississippi

Freedom Rides (1961)Freedom Rides (1961) Force enforcement Force enforcement

of bus desegregation of bus desegregation rulingruling

Resulted in Resulted in tremendous violencetremendous violence

Federal Government Federal Government respondedresponded

Interstate Commerce Interstate Commerce CommissionCommission

March on Washington August March on Washington August 19631963

Civil Rights 1964Civil Rights 1964 Civil Rights Act 1964 Civil Rights Act 1964

Banned different voter registration standardsBanned different voter registration standards Prohibited discrimination in all public Prohibited discrimination in all public

accommodationsaccommodations Withheld federal funds from programs that Withheld federal funds from programs that

discriminateddiscriminated Banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, Banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex,

religion or national originreligion or national origin Created the EEOCCreated the EEOC

2424thth Amendment Amendment Ends the poll taxEnds the poll tax

Freedom Summer (1964)Freedom Summer (1964)

Voter Registration Voter Registration DriveDrive

Encountered violent Encountered violent oppositionopposition

Mississippi Burning Mississippi Burning (64)(64)

Voting Rights LegislationVoting Rights Legislation

Voting Rights Act Voting Rights Act (1965)(1965) Eliminated literacy Eliminated literacy

teststests Voter registration Voter registration

by federal officialsby federal officials Registered Registered

African-AmericansAfrican-Americans 1964 – 10%1964 – 10% 1968 – 60%1968 – 60%

From Brown to From Brown to Black PowerBlack Power

Civil Rights Timeline Civil Rights Timeline

Part IIPart II

Civil Rights Movement - Civil Rights Movement - 19651965

Movement becomes Movement becomes militantmilitant Slow progressSlow progress Focused on the NorthFocused on the North De facto segregation De facto segregation Economic opportunityEconomic opportunity Black Power/Black Black Power/Black

PridePride Black nationalismBlack nationalism SeparatismSeparatism

1965 - 19801965 - 1980

Division w/in the African-American Division w/in the African-American communitycommunity Militancy v. non-violenceMilitancy v. non-violence

Division bet. African-Americans and Division bet. African-Americans and WhitesWhites

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement

Black Panther Party (BPP)Black Panther Party (BPP) Huey Newton/Bobby SealeHuey Newton/Bobby Seale Closed membershipClosed membership Self-defenseSelf-defense Philosophy became MarxistPhilosophy became Marxist Est. community based programsEst. community based programs

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement

Nation of IslamNation of Islam Black PrideBlack Pride Separatist in natureSeparatist in nature Malcolm XMalcolm X

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement Watts, Los Angeles (1965) (Video)Watts, Los Angeles (1965) (Video)

Not the worst city for African-AmericansNot the worst city for African-Americans Thirty-four killedThirty-four killed nine hundred injurednine hundred injured property losses of $225 million.property losses of $225 million. Federal troops stop the violence. Federal troops stop the violence.

““Hot Summer” - 1966Hot Summer” - 1966 40 cities experience race riots40 cities experience race riots

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement

Kerner Commission 1968Kerner Commission 1968 White racismWhite racism Separate and unequalSeparate and unequal Sweeping economic programSweeping economic program unrealizedunrealized