citizen ethics in a time of crisis
TRANSCRIPT
@o~om M~fo`po h ^oam g @zopopGzmtzn Yfokoy Ykkah 8
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O~mzknm Zjmz~ hn Mnthzn Peonmkpe 8?
YHZ^ ^Tl „ M`lblao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp Tokk F~~ ::, Hno~h @fhezhjz~~ :>, Cf Aokjhe :7, P~mthz~ Thkkop :6, Pm Dmzfhzn~ 09, Hdom Fjjp 0:, Nohm @km 00
YHZ^ ^FZMM „ Tfh~ eobn lg ylko~o`p nl tm thb~< Cmppm bzah 0=, Zo`fhzn Zmmwmp 04, C @znnhp ' Ch~fh Z~fmzgzn 0?, Ckoh Dkwmz >8, Ykk jmm >0,lkowmz Champ >>, @hz lyymfmoa >7,
YHZ^ Gl}Z „ J}oknobd h kogm ob `laalb@haokh Jh~ahdfmkoncf >6, Kojj Jzep =9,bodmk Joddhz =:, Joef Yhzmef=>, Hpf Hao ==,bo`fkhp Phdwpe =7,
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Woz~m" H~ zp~ podf~+ g `zpm+ wo`m op azm h~~zh`~owm"Pfm op pmvomz+ pfm yzaopmp ~ jm jm~~mz `ayh ~fhfmz ykho pop~mz woz~m" Mwmz wmkop~+ hn mwmz zmhnmz~+ fhp azm g to~f ~fm wokkhop ~fh to~f ~fm dndp" Dnmpp op p~h`f hn yh~om~+ j~ to`emnmppop wowon hn nhao`5 tm hnaozm ~fm zp~+ j~ tm ~fzokk~ ~fm pm`n"
bmwmz~fmkmpp+ O th~ ~ ph h tzn o yzhopm g woz~m3~fm xhko~ z xhko~omp ~fh~ mhjkm h h~o hn o~p `o~osmp ~ kowm tmkk+j tfo`f O amh azhkk tmkk"
Hn ~ pmm tfh~ woz~m kep koem+ tm mmn ~ ke ~ ~ kop~p g khtphn `aahnam~p+ j~ ~ ko~mzh~zm" Thp h kmpp ~fm oayz~h`mg eonmpp mwmz nmkowmzmn azm nmwhp~h~odk+ z kmhzmn azm pm`zmk+~fh Az Eodf~km‟p zmyzg g Maah o ~fm wmk ~fh~ jmhzp fmz ham< Thp ~fm whkm g ykh o `foknfn &h yzgnk m~fo`hk ah~~mz/ mwmzazm amazhjk `wmmn ~fh j No`emp‟p nmp`zoy~o g ~fm Pahkk! tmmn `foknzm o Jkmhe Fpm<
^fm fpm g Pahkktmmn ‧ fhp p~zmd~fmmn o~pmkg o o~p yzh`~o`hk`fhzh`~mz+ fhp nop`hznmn hkk hapmam~p+ nop`~mh`mn hkkp~z!jep+ ghoz ~hkmp+ `~op hn ghjkmp+ hn jhopfmn hkk kmwo~omphk~dm~fmz" Fm`m ~fm dzh~ogod gh`~+ ~fh~ o~ fhp fhn `fokn jz~ o~+ hn ~fh~ ~fm `aykm~m ko~~km am hn tam tfa o~ fhpyzn`mn+ fhwm jmm jpmzwmn ~ jmhz h koemmpp ~ kn aemp to~f pam~fod nmyzmppod ~fmoz aonp"
^fm kmpp g mwmz p~z o tfo`f ~fm dn op okkp~zh~mn op+ hp Cmpp phonhg~mz ~mkkod ~fm yhzhjkm g ~fm Dn Phahzo~h+ ‖D+ hn n ~f koem! topm"‟ ^fm dmop g Cmpp ‐ hn Chm Hp~m+ hn No`emp+ hn mwmz ~fmz p~z~mkkmz tfpm ~hkmp hzm hp amazhjkm ‐ dowmp p mv`pm ~ph tm n‟~ et tfh~ ~fm dn kep koem"
Tfm o~ `amp ~ yjko` woz~m+ Tokkoha Jkhem‟p dzmh~ yma Hdzompg O`m`m zmaonp p o gz~fzodf~ hn onmmn yzyfm~o` ~mzap ~fh~~fm ymzphk hn ~fm yko~o`hk hzm m3
H nd p~hzw‟n h~ fop Ahp~mz‟p Dh~mYzmno`~p ~fm zo g ~fm P~h~m" H Fzpm aopp‟n y ~fm Zhn@hkkp ~ Fmhwm gz Fah jkn """^fm th~ J ~fh~ eokkp ~fm Gk Pfhkk gmmk ~fm Pyonmz‟p mao~"
Gzmtzn Yfokoy Ykkah
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
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Hn+ o h `ykm~ ~fm Jkhoz dwmzam~ pfkn fhwm zmamajmzmnjmgzm ko`mpod ~fm `zmh~o g pymz!`hpop+
^fm Tfzm ' Dhajkmz+ j ~fm P~h~mKo`mp‟n+ jokn ~fh~ bh~o‟p Gh~m"
O gh`~+ m~fo`hk donh`m op pam~fod tm fhwm mwmz h`~hkk jmm pfz~g" ^fpm tf opop~ ~fh~ hkk m~fo`hk ~mh`fod ap~ jm zmkodop o zodohzm ~hkeod pmpm" Pam g o~ op3 a`f g o~ op‟~"
J~ tfm o~ `amp ~ yjko` z yko~o`hk woz~mp+ hzm ~fmzm h o yhz!~o`khz ~fh~ df~ ~ `fhzh`~mzopm h woz~p p~h~m< O `h ~foe g ~fzmm~fh~ tkn ahem h dn p~hz~"
^fm zp~ op zhdm" @zhdm op gnh~ohk3 o~‟p tfh~ tm mmn p hp~ jm hjkm ~ h`~ eonk mwm tfm tm‟zm hgzhon+ o znmz ~ mvmz`opm dnhn p~mhn cndam~ mwm o ~fm aonp~ g `gpo hn yho`+ o znmz~ nmhk to~f kd!~mza m`mppo~ mwm tfm pfz~!~mza mvymnom` tknjm mhpomz" H `zhdmp h~o tkn ~ jm hgzhon g o~p t mtp yhymzp+z ~hn ~ ~fmoz yzyzom~zp5 o~ tkn `~om ~ n tfh~ thp zodf~ mwm tfm kn wo`mp tmzm zdod o~ ~ n tzd" O~ tkn p~hn y ~ m`ao`o~mzmp~p tfm ~fmzp tmzm azm oayz~h~+ hn mp+ ~fmzm hzm o~mzmp~p~fh~ hzm azm oayz~h~ ~fh pfz~!~mza m`ao` jmm~p" Hn tfmo~ `ham ~ ~fm ~fzmh~ g mv~mzhk nhdmz+ h `zhdmp h~o tkn ~hemh `kmhz ke h~ ~fm nhdmz hn ~hem zmhkop~o` p~myp ~ hwmz~ o~" O~ tkn ~~hem y h ah`fom!d ~ nmgmn o~pmkg hdhop~ h thpy"
fm pm`n woz~m O th~ ~ yzhopm op anmp~" Anmp~ oh h~o pop~p had ~fmz ~fodp g ~~od ~fm gza~ ~fm amhod+ hn ~ aop~heod p~km gz pjp~h`m" Hanmp~ eodna+ gz op~h`m+ tkn fhwm ~ ~foe gz haam~ ~ zmamajmz tfm~fmz z ~ o~ thp h zmyjko`+jm`hpm ~fm amajmzp g ~fm zhk ghaok tkn jm hkktmn~ pymn ap~ g ~fmoz ~oam o pmgk hn o~mzmp~od hzmmzphp tmkk hp jmod zhk+ hn ~fmoz kwm hgghozp tkn zmaho
~fmoz t jpompp5 hn ymykm tkn hkthp jm dkhn ~ pmm ~fma ``kod yhp~" H`xozod anmp~ o z yjko` kogm tkn jm h jod p~my ~thznpnmwmkyod h zmhkop~o` pmpm g z pom hn ypo~o o ~fm tzkn"
^fm ~fozn woz~m O‟n koem ~ pmm o h h~o &hkk zodf~3 o z h~o+t/ op o~mkkm`~hk `zopo~" Themgkmpp g aon aodf~ jm h~fmz~mza gz o~" H h~o to~f ~fh~ xhko~ tkn jm `p`op g o~pmkg hn g o~p fop~z+ hn g mwmz ~fzmhn ~fh~ ahnm y ~fm ~hymp~z g o~p `k~zm"O~ tkn jmkomwm ~fh~ ~fm fodfmp~ etkmndm g o~pmkg fhn jmm mvyzmppmnj o~p hz~op~p+ o~p tzo~mzp hn ym~p+ hn o~ tkn ~mh`f o~p `foknzm ft ~ et hn ft ~ kwm ~fmoz tze+ jmkomwod ~fh~ ~fop h`~owo~ tkndowm ~fma+ ~fm `foknzm+ h oayz~h~ yhz~ ~ ykh o ~fm pmkg!etkmndmhn amaz g ~fm h~o" H h~o tfmzm ~fop woz~m thp p~zd tknjm h`~owm hn mxozod g aon+ xo`e ~ ymz`mowm hn `ayhzm hn`ponmz" P`f h h~o tkn et h~ `m tfm h dwmzam~ ~zomn ~o~mzgmzm to~f o~p gzmmnap" O~ tkn zmamajmz ft hkk ~fpm gzmmnapfhn jmm dhomn+ jm`hpm mh`f m tkn fhwm h p~z h~~h`fmn ~ o~+ hnh h~~h`e h g ~fma tkn gmmk koem h ymzphk hggz~" ^fh~‟p ~fm whkm g themgkmpp"
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^ opf O th~ ~ ph pam~fod jzom hj~ ft woz~m ahogmp~po~pmkg o nhok kogm+ k`hk kogm" O pht ~t ko~~km ~fodp zm`m~k ~fh~ dowm amfym ~fh~ ~fm pyozo~ g `aa+ yjko`+ `owo` woz~m op p~okk hkowm o ~foph~o g zp tfm ymykm hzm gzmm ~ h`~ to~f~ o~mzgmzm`m"
^fm zp~ op h mvhaykm g ‖gke ~zhg` `hkaod‟" Ymykm kowod o h zmp!onm~ohk zhn o lvgzn+ fam ~ h k~ g ghaokomp hn `foknzm+ h zhn tfo`f zahkk g`~op hp h zh~!z gz `hzp+ zm`m~k nm`onmn ~ ~hemah~~mzp o~ ~fmoz t fhnp hn nmap~zh~m ~fh~ ~fm p~zmm~ op h ykh`mgz mwmzm+ ~ cp~ gz ymykm o khzdm fmhw ajokm p~mmk jcm`~p" ^fm pm~ y h kowod!za zodf~ o ~fm zhn+ to~f h pgh+ h `hzym~+ h `ggmm ~hjkm+hn fmkn h ~mh!yhz~" ^fm yhzemn ~fmoz t `hzp o h `fmwz gzah~ohkk ~fm th hkd ~fm zhn+ hn y~ ykh~mzp `~hood jpfmp hn pahkk~zmmp ~fmzm ~ ~ `hka ~fm ~zhg` nt" ^fm pm~ y h thke!o ym~zk hn!no`~o `koo`" ^fm zmpk~ thp ~fh~ `hzp `kn mhpok dm~ ~fzdf+ j~ nzow!mzp `kn‟~ pmm `kmhz gza m mn g ~fm zhn ~ ~fm ~fmz hn non‟~gmmk o~ thp cp~ gz nzowod hkd h~ 09 aokmp h fz" Mwmzm pfhzmn~fm tfkm pyh`m" O~ thp h ~zoayf3 to~ o ~fm pmzwo`m g h nm`m~ fahp~hnhzn g kogm"
fm pm`n ~fod O pht thp h ~mkmwopo yzdzhaam" O~ thp hj~ ~fm tze nm j Ao`fhmk Zpm tfm fm thp@foknzm‟p Khzmh~m+ h yzcm`~ fm nmz~e to~f h p`fko P~f Thkmp tfmzm jep fhn jmm nmzwhkmn" Fmpftmn ~fm `foknzm+ hn ~fm ~mh`fmzp+ hn ~fm yhzm~p~fm yzgn whkm g zmhnod hn hkk o~ `kn n ~ nmmymhn mzo`f ~fmoz kowmp+ hn fm non p ~ j gkktod `zzo`ka donmkomp hn hoaod h~ ~hzdm~p hn y~~od
~fm `foknzm ~fzdf ~mp~p+ j~ j jmdood to~f nmkodf~" M`fh~am~" C" ^fm kojzhzohp ~fmzm tmzm yzh`~o`hkk tmmyod to~f zmkomg hn ykmhp!zm h~ pmmod p ah `foknzm t `aod o ~ pmhz`f ~fm pfmkwmp hnpo~ hn zmhn hn ~hke hj~ ~fm jep ~fm‟zm mcod"
J~ O pmma ~ jm nmp`zojod nmkodf~" Op ~fh~ h woz~m ~< Tmkk+ o~‟p koem~fm `hhz o h `hk aom3 tfokm o~ `~omp ~ pod+ tm et ~fm dzmh~yjko` woz~m g kojmz~ op p~okk hkowm" H h~o tfpm khtp mvyzmpp gmhz hnppyo`o hn fp~oko~ `h~ pp~ho nmkodf~ gz wmz kd" Og c dmp+gzmmna op o nhdmz"
P O tkn ph ~fh~ ~ pp~ho ~fm woz~m g h h~o+ tm mmn ~ zmama!jmz ft ~fm yzowh~m `m`~p to~f ~fm yjko`+ ~fm ym~o` to~f ~fm yko~o`hk" Tm mmn ~ yzhopm hn fmzopf mwmz mvhaykm tm `h n g oahdoh~owmykh+ g ~fm mmzd g `zmh~o+ g ~fm m`fh~am~ g hz~ hn ~fm tnmzg p`om`m" H h~o ~fh~ thp jzhwm+ hn anmp~+ hn `zop pnp ~am koem m ~fh~ nmzp~n ~fh~ og o~ ~kn o~p `foknzm p~zomp+ ~fm aodf~dzt y ~ gmmk ~fh~ woz~m thp o gh`~ hp o~mzmp~od hp wo`m"
@yzodf~ ¯ Yfokoy Ykkah :989
Yfokoy Y}kkahb op h jmp~!pmkkobd+ hthzn!tobbobd blwmkop~ hbn h}~flz lg ~fm Fop Nhze Ah~mzohkp ~zokld" Yhz~ lg ~fop hz~o`km `lamp gzla h pymm`f fm dhwmh~ ~fm :99? @lbwmb~olb lb Kojmz~
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
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Gmjz}hzy :989
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O h ykk gz ~fm Tzkn M`ao` Gzakhp~ a~f+ ~t ~foznp g ymykm h`zpp ~mD:9 `~zomp jmkomwmn ~fh~ ~fm m`ao`zm`mppo fhn jmm `hpmn j h `zopop g m~fo`p hn whkmp" ^fop eon g zmpypm ‐g~m h``ayhomn j h pmpm g o`zmn!kp ~zhdm ‐ fhp jmm h zm`zzm~ ~fmamg ~fm khp~ modf~mm a~fp" ^fm h`ohk
`zopop fhp jmm `aynmn o ~fm }E j ~fmAYp‟ mvympmp p`hnhk tfo`f fhp jhnk nha!hdmn ~zp~ o ~fm yko~o`hk pp~ma"
O j~f `hpmp+ ~fm oppm thp ~ `zoaohk jm!fhwoz ‐ gz ~fm ap~ yhz~ ymykm non ~ jzmhekhtp ‐ j~ h ymz`my~o ~fh~ onowonhkp non ~mvmz`opm jhpo` m~fo`hk cndam~p hj~ ft ~fm tzemn+ tfh~ `p~o~~mn hyyzyzoh~m zmthznphn ~fmoz zmpypojoko~ gz ~fm `pmxm`mpg ~fmoz h`~op" fm ykk nod ono`h~mp ~fh~~fmzm op p~okk h tonmpyzmhn yjko` mvym`~h~o~fh~ ~fpm o ypo~op g yko~o`hk hn m`ao`ytmz pfkn nmap~zh~m o~mdzo~"
J~ ~fmzm op hkp h jzhnmz pm~ g hvom~omp~fh~ ~fop op ~ hj~ onowonhk ghokodp j~pam~fod azm pp~mao`" Fhwm op~o~~ohk`k~zmp p kp~ ~fmoz azodp ~fh~ ~fm ghok ~yza~m ~fm m~fo`p+ p`f hp fmp~+ mppm~ohk~ ~fmoz t pzwowhk< Onmmn+ thp ~fm m~fp g ~fmpm op~o~~op p nop~z~mn ~fh~ ~fm kmdo~o!aopmn ~fm pmpm g m~o~kmam~ to~f tfo`f jhe!mzp ~e ahppowm zopep ~ mhz jpmp+ hn ~fmyko~o`ohp pmn mwmz yppojkm zm`moy~ ~ jp~~fmoz mhzodp< Ft kn op~o~~op hp
^fm h`ohk hnyko~o`hk mwm~p g ~fmyhp~ mhz fhwm dowmzopm ~ h `zopop g m~fo`p"Jhemzp hn AYph`~mn kmdhkk j~ to~f~ o~mdzo~+hn tm kh`emn hkhdhdm ~ zmpyn"Ft hzm tm ~ hz~o`kh~mz aopdowodp<Ft `h tm zmdhoz hjoko~ ~ zmhpm~fo`hkk<
Ghod ~fmhamp g h wo~hk nmjh~mA h n m k m o b m J } b ~ o b d
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Gmjz}hzy :989
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gnham~hk ~ ~fm p~hjoko~ g z yko~o`hkm`a hp jhep hn yhzkoham~ fhwm hkktmnh `k~zm g ymzphk mzo`fam~ tfo`f thpjkonk zm`ekmpp ~ ~fm `pmxm`mp< fmpmxmp~op tokk nd ~fm mv~ nm`hnm hp ~fm ~z yhogkk p~zddkmp ~ yh ~fm yzo`m"
^fm kht ggmzp am`fhopa ~ zmnzmpp~fm ocp~o`m g jhemzp ~heod aokko!ynjpmp tfokm pahkk jpomppmp+ p~hzwmn g zmno~+d ~ ~fm thkk" H ~m`f`zh~o` ahhdmzohkopa fhpjm`am ~fm g`p3 ft kn h jm~~mz zmdkh~z gzhamtze yzmwm~ h zmymh~< fdf m`mpphz+~fop t‟~ hnnzmpp ~fm xmp~o g m~fp+ h ~mzzo!~z g fah a~owh~o hn jmfhwoz jmnmv~mzhk zmdkh~o‟p zmh`f"
Fm`m+ gnham~hk xmp~op g cp~o`m ymz!pop~+ j~ to~f~ h yz`fhpm yjko` nmjh~m"^fop op tfh~ ~fm `zopop g m~fo`p op zmhkk hj~3 tm fhwm khdhdm ~ pm" ‖^fop op tzd‟ fhpkd po`m mhpmn ~ fhwm whkono~ hp h yko~o`hkp~h~mam~3 ~mzap g cndam~ z~mn o azhkpp~map hzm kdmz a`f pfhzmn" Tm fhwmkp~ nmzp~hnod ‐ hn ymzfhyp yh~om`m ‐ to~f ~fm yz`mpp g zmhpod o tfo`f tm fhwm~ nm`onm tfh~ op cp~" Tm hjno`h~mn a`f g ~fh~ ~hpe ~ ~fm ahzem~ hn khsok hppamn cp!~o`m gkktp" bt+ tm hzm hkk jmod gz`mn ~h`etkmndm ~fm dhy"
^fop thp ~fm j g ~fm hzdam~ y~ gz! thzn j Ao`fhmk Phnmk o fop Zmo~f Km`~zmpkhp~ Ah" Fm `khoamn ~fh~ ~fm `hyh`o~ gz m~fo`hkzmhpod mppm~ohk ~ cp~o`m fhp jmm khzdmk hjhnmn gz h dmmzh~o" ‖_ h‟~ ~zay~fm ahzem~‟ nm`khzmn Ahzdhzm~ ^fh~`fmz+ hn m po`m fhp nophdzmmn" fop thp ~fm hnhdm tfo`f mggm`~owmk mvmzh~mn jheod yh kmwmkpphzod hth gza hwmzhdm mhzodp" Zmp~zho~ tkn k `zoyykm ~fm }E h`ohk pm`~z+ tm tmzm ~kn" fm p`ohk p~ g zhth tmhk~f hnmpod omxhko~ thp ~ zmkmwh~"
Mxhkk+ kt thdmp tmzm nm~mzaomn j ~fmahzem~ ‐ k pkodf~k anomn j h aooaa thdm ‐ mwm og ~fm tmzm ~ pg`om~ ~ pyyz~ghaokomp" M~fo`hk zmhpod poayk fhn ykh`mo nm~mzaood ahcz nm`opop hj~ ~fm z!
od g h m`a" Hnaozh~o gz ~fm mg`om` g ~fm ahzem~ mpzmn ~fh~ o~p am`fhopap tmzmmv~mnmn o~ ah hzmhp g ~fm yjko` pm`~z+aoao`eod ~fm yz`mppmp g `fo`m" M~fo`p thpahzdohkopmn hp h hnn! mv~zh5 ‖whkmp‟ hzmgzmxm~k hppmz~mn j zyzh~op z dwmz!am~ nmyhz~am~p+ j~ ~fm zod fkkt" ^fm po~mhpok hkdponm oaymzh~owmp p`f hp aheod h yz~ z jmod `p~ mggm`~owm+ tfo`f ~ g~mkmhwm whkmp `ayzaopmn" Whkmp jm`am hgza g pyo"
O~ thp ~fop pmpm ~fh~ h khdhdm thp aoppod to~f tfo`f ~ nmp`zojm zm`m~ mwm~p ‐ h th g hhkpod hn mvykhood tfh~ fhp dm tzd hn tf ‐ ~fh~ yzay~mn ~fop oo~oh~owm+ @o~osmM~fo`p" O~ op ~ h ahogmp~+ o~ op h hzdam~~fh~ tm fhwm kmg~ nmzmko`~+ h wo~hk hpym`~ g yjko`nmjh~m" ^fh~ ~fm `hyh`o~ ~ zmhp m~fo`hkk op ~ h jp`zm yfokpyfmz‟p dham j~ opgnham~hk ~ ap~ ymykm‟p kowmp3 tfh~ op ~fmzodf~ ~fod ~ n< ^fm hptmz zmxozmp zmm`~o+~zhnm!ggp5 o~ ah ~ jm mhp" ^fmzm hzm zmhn!ahnm yzo`oykmp" Z~mn o h nmz p~hnod g tfh~ `p~o~~mp fah zopfod+ o~‟p hdod yzh`~o`m z peokk+ `hkkod ~fpm o ytmz~ h``~+ hn h th g hz~o`kh~od tfh~ tmmvym`~ g ~fma" O~ yzay~p jm~~mz xmp~op+yzwemp m`mpphz nmjh~mp"
^ y~ o~ h~fmz th+ tm fhwm kp~ h hyh`o~ ~ `m`~ z yzowh~m m~fo`hk mvymzom`m ~ h tonmz yjko` `wmzph~o" Hp Aozoha P~yyhznzmm`~p+ pfm fhn mwmz ~fdf~ hj~ ~fm oppmjmgzm+ j~ mwmz nh g fmz kogm op hj~ ~fm yzh`!~o`m g m~fo`p" Ft op o~ ~fh~ pam~fod p `m~zhknzyp jmkt ~fm zhnhz g yjko` nmjh~m<
Ymzfhyp yhz~ g ~fm yzjkma komp to~f ~fm wmvmn kmdh` g op~o~~ohk zmkodo hn ~fmkd pfhnt o~ p~okk hp~p wmz p" fm yza~og woz~m hn m~fo`hk jmfhwoz ‐ azhko~ ‐ fhpjmm jn y to~f yhz~o`khz op~o~~op hn+hp ~fm nm`kom+ o~ kmhwmp h wh`a g h~fzo~" Tf nhzmp ~hke ~fop pjcm`~ to~f nm`m<O~ yzay~p gmhz ~fh~ h p`f nop`ppop hzmzmhkk h ^zch fzpm gz yza~od gho~f" ^fmzm‟ph ppyo`o ~fh~ tznp p`f hp azhko~ ~oy
‖O~ op ~ h ahogmp~+ o~ op hhzdam~ tm fhwm kmg~ nmzmko`~+h `z`ohk yjko` ``mz‟
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
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Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
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79
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
p xo`ek o~ ~fm eon g op~o`~owm `! wo`~o ahnm oghap j ^ Jkhoz o tfo`fpo`mzo~ op zmdhznmn hp h pjp~o~~m gz hzmgkzmhpod" J~ po`m ap~ g ~fm `~zoj~zp~ ~fop yhayfkm~ mvyzmpp ~fmoz `aao~am~ ~m~fo`p to~f~ h zmgmzm`m ~ zmkodop yzh`~o`m+o~ pmmap yppojkm ~ hkk awm jmn ~fmpmghaokohz hvom~omp hn zmpam h ~hpe g m~fo`hkzmhpod zmdhznmn ~fzdf ap~ g fop~z hpmppm~ohk ~ jmod fah"
M~fo`p op h tzn tfo`f nmzowmp gza ~t Dzmme tznp+ m~flp gz fhjo~ hn m~foelp gz `fhzh`~mz5`o~osm m~fo`p op hj~ ymod y `owo` pyh`m~ponm g ~fm p~h~m hn ~fm ahzem~ ~ `ponmz~fm eonp g fhjo~p hn `fhzh`~mzp tm mmn ~z ~fm dn p`om~"
^fop op ~ h p~hkdoh yzcm`~ g zm~z!od ~ pam a~fo`hk dknm hdm" Tm n ~hzdm ~fh~ ~fmzm fhp jmm pam wmzhkk `a!yzmfmpowm nm`kom+ k ~fh~ tm fhwm kp~ ~fm th ~ ~hke hj~ oayz~h~ oppmp" _mp+ ~fmzmhzm m~fo`p tfo`f `aahn a`f kmpp zmpym`~~fh o ~fm yhp~5 Kzn Jodfha‟p hm`n~m fmzmg fop gh~fmz mwmz pod fop g`m yfm gz hymzphk `hkk op h p~zoeod zmaonmz g m~fo`p tm fhwm kp~" J~ o `~zhp~+ z hthzmmpp g dkjhk o~mznmymnm`m+ z ``mzp gz ghoz~zhnm hn ~fm mwozam~ hzm hkk mwonm`m g h m~fo`p g tfo`f mhzkomz dmmzh~op tmzm od!zh~" ^fm ~oamp `hkk gz mt m~fo`hk nmzp~hn!odp hp a`f hp zmamajmzod kn mp" ^hem hghaokohz oc`~o koem ‖kwm ~f modfjz hp~fpmkg‟" O~ zmxozmp h fdm mggz~ ~ zm!oahdom tfh~ o~ aodf~ amh tfm modfjz op t h``my~ ~ cp~ gz ~fm wokkhdm z ~fm p~zmm~ j~gz ~fm ykhm~+ gz ~fm tmj5 tfh~ n tm tm zpmm hn ethjkm modfjz< O ~fopyhayfkm~+ tzo~mzp dowm pam yo~mzp ~thznp~fm oahdood g h mt m~fo`p"
Podo`h~k+ ~fm m hzmh g yjko` nmjh~m o tfo`f m~fo`p fhwm jm`am h ghaokohz hn a`f!pmn ~mza fhp jmm pp~hohjoko~" H p~zhn g mwozam~hkopa fhp zmkm~kmppk ypfmn gz! thzn ~fm `my~ g onowonhk zmpypojoko~ hn ~fm mmn gz yzh`~o`hk ``zm~m h`~op o
nhok kogm ‐ kmpp odf~p+ jm~~mz fam opkh~o+azm yjko` ~zhpyz~" Jn y to~f ~fop op ~fmap~ ymzpop~m~ xmp~ood g ~fm hppay~opg ~fm dn kogm yza~mn j `pamz `hy!o~hkopa hp m g `~op ah~mzohk h`xopo!~o" Hp ~fm Peonmkpep+ gh~fmz hn p+ zodf~k ynmz+ Emmp oahdomn a`f azm gz fopdzhn`foknzm tfm fm y~oaop~o`hkk yzmno`~mn~fh~ ~fm ‖hz~ g kowod‟ tkn zmykh`m ~fm ~ok g khjz gz ah~mzohk tmkkjmod"
J~ p`f ~op hp ~fm ‖hz~ g kowod‟ fhwmjmm yzowh~opmn5 ~fm hppay~o op ~fh~ tm yzosmz gzmmna ~ yzpm z t wopo g ~fm hz~ g kowod to~f~ donh`m z o~mzgmzm`m" @fhzdmpg yh~mzhkopa hn mko~opa fhwm p~aomn mwm h`wmzph~o ~fm pjcm`~ g tfh~ `p~o~~mpfah zopfod" Tfh~ mamzdmp o ~fop wh`aop h pm~ g whkmp ‐ p``mpp+ tmhk~f+ `mkmjzo~ zm`!do~o+ hpyozh~o ‐ tfo`f ah nhsskm hnm~mz~ho j~ k~oah~mk nmknm ~fmoz hnom`mo `zmk a~fkdomp g mv`my~ohkopa hn ~fm tomz ~hemp hkk+ hp Kojj Jzep tzo~mp"
^fm ~zoj~zp fhwm pfhzy nophdzmmam~p"^fmzm op pmpp gzmmna hp ~fm gnham!~hk dznod g m~fo`p+ j~ nmjh~m wmz ft ~fh~gzmmna op pfhymn+ phgmdhznmn+ mvyhnmn zpmn" Phnmk pht ~fh~ tfm fm `hkkmn gz fmp~o~mzzdh~o g ~fm hppay~op tfo`f y!ko~o`hk hzdam~p zmp~+ ~fm zmpk~ tkn jm op"^fop op h jon ~ eo`ep~hz~ ~fh~ op hzdam~" O~ahemp `khoa ~ jm `ayzmfmpowm z nmo!~owm ‐ k ~ yzwem ~fm zodf~ xmp~op" ^fh~op ft m p~hz~p ~ dm~ jm~~mz hptmzp"
‖^fm ~oamp `hkk gz mt m~fo`hk nmzp~hnodp hp a`fhp zmamajmzod kn mp‟
@zmno~p
Mno~mn j Ahnmkmom J~od+ Hnha Km~
hn Ahze Wmz
O~mzwomtp j Chh Azfmhn
Nmpodmn j Ahze Kmmnp hn pjmno~mn
j Ehzo Z~f Ymnmzpm hn Kmp Zyhhzom
To~f ~fhep ~ ~fm Jhzzt @hnjz ^zp~ hn ~fm Cpmyf
Zt~zmm @fhzo~hjkm ^zp~ gz ~fmoz eon pyyz~"
^fm @o~omp M~fo`p bm~tze op h majzo` kpm
hgkoh~o g onowonhkp o~mzmp~mn o nmwmkyod h
nmjh~m m~fo`p o ~fm yjko` pxhzm"
ttt"`o~omm~fo`p"zd"e
GlZMTlZN
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HG^MZTlZN
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@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
~pz`od g thz ~ yzowh~m `~zh`~zp5 ~fm zopm g dkjhk ahzem~p o zdh phkmp hn `aamz`ohk pzz!dh~m yzmdh`5 ~fm dztod pm g ahzem~ o`m~owmp ~a~owh~m p~nm~p hn ~mh`fmzp5 ~fm hnwm~ g gz!yz~yzopp" ^fmpm xmp~op hzm ~ k hj~ ~oko~ hn`pm~" fm hzm hkp hj~ ~fm zodf~ thp g whkod em p`ohk yzh`~o`mp ‐ aoko~hz pmzwo`m+ `fokn!jmhzod+~mh`fod hn kmhzod+ zoaohk yopfam~+ hn p" Po`m ahzem~opod p`ohk yzh`~o`mp ah `zzy~z nmdzhnm ~fm zap ~fh~ nmm ~fma+ tm mmn ~hpe tfh~ !ahzem~ zap tm th~ ~ yz~m`~ gzaahzem~ o~zpo"
^fop op h xmp~o ~fh~ zmxozmp yjko` nmjh~m
hpm`n ~fmam op ~fh~ g ~fm azhk koao~pg ahzem~p" lm g ~fm ap~ p~zoeod ~m!nm`omp g z ~oam op ~fm mvyhpo g ahzem~p hn ahzem~!zom~h~mn zmhpod o~ pyfmzmp g kogm ~zhno~ohkk dwmzmnj !ahzem~ zap" @ponmz ~fm
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TM bMMN H Y}JKO@KOGM TO^F Y}ZYlPM
Hp gzp~zh~o to~f yko~o`p joknp j~f ponmp g ~fm H~kh~o`+ tm ap~ pmom ~fm `fh`m ~mvykzm h mt yko~o`p g ~fm`aa dn
Ft `h tm h`fomwm h cp~ p`om~< A`fg z yko~o`hk nmjh~m hppamp ~fh~~fm hptmz ~ ~fop xmp~o op poayk ~ ahvoaosm fhyyompp z ~ zmpym`~mh`f onowonhk‟p gzmmna g fo`m" J~fhyyompp hn fo`m hzm ~ mdf"
Jhzh`e ljhah ahhdmn ~ n ~fop" Fm ~hyymn Hamz!o`hp‟ fdmz gz h yjko` kogm g khzdmz yzypm hnhz~o`kh~mn h yko~o`p g azhk hn pyozo~hk hpyozh~o"Nzod ~fm zp~ mhz g fop yzmponm`+ fm fhp gn o~nog`k~ ~ ~zhpkh~m ~fop yko~o`p g hpyozh~o o~ dw!mzh`m" H~ h ~oam g h`ohk `zopop hn zm`mppo+ ~fopop mhp ~hpe" P+ hp gzp~zh~o to~f yko~o`p joknp j~f ponmp g ~fm H~kh~o`+ o~ op tz~f hpeod tfh~h mt yko~o`p g ~fm `aa dn aodf~ ke koem"Fmzm hzm gz yppojkm ~fmamp"
H zp~ `mzp o~osmpfoy+ ph`zo`m hn pmzwo`m"Og h cp~ p`om~ zmxozmp h p~zd pmpm g `aao~+o~ ap~ n h th ~ `k~owh~m o `o~osmp h ``mz gz~fm tfkm+ h nmno`h~o ~ ~fm `aa dn" O~ `h‟~jm onoggmzm~ ~ ~fm h~~o~nmp hn nopypo~op+ ~fm‖fhjo~p g ~fm fmhz~+‟ ~fh~ `o~osmp jzod ~ yjko` kogm" O~ap~ n h th ~ `fhkkmdm yzmk yzowh~opmn ~opg ~fm dn kogm+ hn k~owh~m owo` woz~m"
^zhno~ohkk+ p`fkp fhwm jmm po~mp g `owo` mn!`h~o" O pam dmmzh~op+ ~fm aoko~hz fhp jmm h!~fmz" O‟a zmgmzzod ~ ahok ~ ~fm mvyko`o~ ~mh`fod g `owo` woz~m+ j~ ~ ~fm yzh`~o`hk+ g~m ohnwmz~m~`owo` mn`h~o ~fh~ ~hemp ykh`m tfm d ymykmgza noggmzm~ m`ao` `khppmp hn m~fo` `a!ao~omp `am ~dm~fmz o `aa op~o~~op" O~op h pmzop xmp~o ft h nma`zh~o` p`om~ ~fh~op `payko~h hn nopyhzh~m `h fym ~ `k~owh~m~fm pkonhzo~ hn pmpm g a~hk zmpypojoko~ ~fh~h cp~ p`om~ zmxozmp ‐ ~fdf ~fop xmp~o fhp zm!`m~k zmhyymhzmn o z yko~o`hk nop`zpm+ h~ kmhp~~ pam mv~m~"
e m b l ~ m p A o ` f h m k p h b n m k
^ h`fomwm h cp~ p`om~+ tm fhwm ~ zmhp ~dm~fmzhj~ ~fm amhod g ~fm dn kogm+ hn zmh~m h yjko``k~zm fpyo~hjkm ~ ~fm nophdzmmam~p ~fh~ tokk o!mwo~hjk hzopm"
O~ op ~may~od ~ pmme h yzo`oykm z yz`mnzm ~fh~`kn cp~og+ `m hn gz hkk+ tfh~mwmz nop~zoj~o g o`am z ytmz z yyz~o~ zmpk~mn gza o~" P`fh yzo`oykm+ og tm kn n o~+ tkn mhjkm p ~ hwon~fm ~ak~ hn ~m~o ~fh~ hzdam~p hj~ ~fmdn kogm owhzohjk hzpm" J~ ~fmpm hzdam~p hzmoayppojkm ~ hwon" Cp~o`m op omp`hyhjk cndam!~hk" Tfm~fmz tm‟zm hzdod hj~ h`ohk jhok~phn jhemzp‟ jpmp+ z ~fm dztod dhy jm~tmmzo`f hn yz+ z ft ~ `~mn to~f ~fm mwozam!~hk p~p g m`ao` dzt~f+ xmp~op g cp~o`m hzmjn y to~f `aym~od ~op g fz+ woz~m+hn ~fm `aa dn" Cp~o`m op ~ k hj~ ~fmzodf~ th ~ nop~zoj~m ~fodp" O~ op hkp hj~ ~fm zodf~ th ~ whkm ~fodp"
P og h cp~ p`om~ owkwmp zmhpod ~dm~fmz hj~~fm dn kogm+ o~ hkp zhopmp ~fm xmp~o g tfh~ eon g yko~o`hk nop`zpm tkn yo~ p o ~fop nozm`~o" On‟~ fhwm h gkk tzemn ~ hptmz ~ ~fop+ j~ O `hggmz h gmt okkp~zh~owm pddmp~op"
Gozp~+ h jpmzwh~o3 ~nh ap~ g z yko~o`hkhzdam~p zmwkwm hzn tmkghzm hn gzmmna ‐ o!`zmhpod m`ao` ~y~ hn zmpym`~od ymykm‟pzodf~p" Gz ah+ ~hke g woz~m o yko~o`p jzodp ~ aonzmkodop pmzwh~owmp ~mkkod ymykm ft ~ kowm" J~~fop op ~ ~fm k th ~fh~ `my~op g woz~m hn~fm `aa dn `h ogza yko~o`p" ^fm `fhkkmdmop ~ oahdom h yko~o`p ~fh~ ~hemp azhk hn pyozo~hkxmp~op pmzopk+ hn jzodp ~fma ~ jmhz jzhnm`ao` hn `owo` ``mzp"
Nzod ~fm :996 Hamzo`h yzmponm~ohk hayhod+
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
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@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
hj~ aym~od `my~op g ~fm zodf~ th g whkod dnp" Ahzem~p hzm pmgk op~zam~p gzzdhopod yzn`~owm h`~owo~" J~ kmpp tm th~ ~km~ ~fm ahzem~ zmtzo~m ~fm zap ~fh~ dwmz p`ohkop~o~~op+ tm mmn yjko` nmjh~m hj~ ~fm azhkkoao~p g ahzem~p"
H ~fozn hzmh ``mzp omxhko~+ pkonhzo~ hn`owo` woz~m" O ah `~zomp+ ~fm dhy jm~tmm zo`fhn yz op dztod+ zmh`fod kmwmkp ~ pmm gz ah nm`hnmp" Hn m~ ~fm oppm nmp ~ dzm yzaom~k o `~mayzhz yko~o`p" ^fop nmp ~ zmm`~ h kh`eg h~~m~o ~ ~fm ~yo` had yko~o`hk yfokpyfmzp"Pam yfokpyfmzp tkn ~hv ~fm zo`f ~ fmky ~fm yzo ~fm ham g ~oko~5 ~heod h fnzmn ynp gza hzo`f ymzp hn dowod o~ ~ h yz ymzp tokk noaoopf~fm zo`f ymzp‟p fhyyompp k pkodf~k+ ~fm pym`kh~m+j~ dzmh~k o`zmhpm ~fm fhyyompp g ~fm yz ymzp"^fm yfokpyfmz Cf Zhtkp hkp nmgmnp zmnop~zoj~o+j~ ~fm dznp g fy~fm~o`hk `pm~" Fm hzdmp~fh~ og tm oahdomn h fy~fm~o`hk p`ohk ~zh`~ o hzodohk ypo~o g mxhko~+ mwmzm tkn hdzmm ~h yzo`oykm ~fh~ tkn pyyz~ pam gza g zmnop~zo!j~o" Ftmwmz+ ~fmpm thp g gzhaod ~fm xmp~owmzke ~fm hzdam~ hdhop~ omxhko~ ap~ koemk ~ zm`mowm h yko~o`hk fmhzod hn ap~ `m~zhk ~ ~fmyzcm`~ g azhk hn `owo` zmmthk"
ahemp o~ nog`k~ ~ `k~owh~m ~fm pkonhzo~ hn pmpmg aao~ tfo`f nma`zh~o` o~osmpfoy nm!ymnp" P+ omxhko~ `h jm `zzpowm ~ `owo` woz~m" H yko~o`p g ~fm `aa dn tkn ~hem hp m g o~p yzoahz dhkp ~fm zm`p~z`~o g ~fm ogzhp~z`!~zm g owo` kogm"
^fm gz~f hn khp~ ~fmam op h yko~o`p g azhkmdhdmam~" Pam `ponmz yjko` mdhdmam~ to~fxmp~op g ~fm dn kogm ~ jm h `owo` ~zhpdzmppo+h czm jmn ~fm jnp g kojmzhk yjko` zmhp"Yko~o`p hn kht pfkn ~ jm`am m~hdkmn o azhkhn zmkodop nopy~mp+ tm g~m ~foe+ gz p`f m~h!dkmam~ ymp ~fm th ~ `mz`o hn o~kmzh`m" ^fopop h kmdo~oah~m tzz" @o~osmp g ykzhkop~ p`om~omp nnophdzmm hj~ azhko~ hn zmkodo" Mwm og+ hp O‟wmhzdmn+ o~‟p ~ yppojkm gz dwmzam~ ~ jm m~zhk ~fmpm nophdzmmam~p+ op o~ m~fmkmpp yppojkm ~`n`~ z yko~o`p ~fm jhpop g a~hk zmpym`~<
^fm hptmz+ O ~foe+ op mp" J~ tm mmn h azmzjp~ hn mdhdmn `owo` kogm ~fh ~fm m ~ tfo`f tm‟wm jm`am h``p~amn" O zm`m~ nm`hnmp+ tm‟wm`am ~ hppam ~fh~ zmpym`~od z gmkkt `o~osmp‟azhk `wo`~op amhp odzod ~fma hn `n`~!od z yjko` kogm ‐ opghz hp yppojkm ‐ to~f~ zmgmz!m`m ~ ~fma" J~ ~fop p~h`m g hwonh`m `h ahemgz h pyzop zmpym`~" lg~m+ o~ amhp pyyzmppod azhk nophdzmmam~ zh~fmz ~fh h`~hkk hwonod o~"^fop `h yzwem jh`ekhpf hn zmpm~am~" O~ `h hkpahem gz h oaywmzopfmn yjko` nop`zpm+ kz`fod gza m mtp ``km ~ ~fm mv~+ yzm``yomn to~f ~fmp`hnhkp+ ~fm pmph~ohk+ hn ~fm ~zowohk"
H azm zjp~ yjko` mdhdmam~ to~f z azhknophdzmmam~p kn yzwonm h p~zdmz+ ~ tmhemz+jhpop gz a~hk zmpym`~" Zh~fmz ~fh hwon ~fm `! wo`~op ~fh~ z gmkkt `o~osmp jzod ~ yjko` kogm+ tmpfkn h~~mn ~ ~fma azm nozm`~k ‐ pam~oamp j `fhkkmdod hn `~mp~od ~fma+ pam~oamp j kop~m!od ~ hn kmhzod gza ~fma" fmzm op dhzh~mm~fh~ yjko` nmkojmzh~o hj~ fhzn azhk xmp~op tokk kmhn o h dowm po~h~o ~ hdzmmam~ ‐ z mwm ~hyyzm`oh~o gz ~fm azhk hn zmkodop womtp g ~fmzp"O~‟p hkthp yppojkm ~fh~ kmhzod azm tokk kmhn p ~koem ~fma kmpp" J~ tm h~ et ~ok tm ~z"
H yko~o`p g azhk mdhdmam~ op ~ k h azmopyozod onmhk ~fh h yko~o`p g hwonh`m" O~ op hkp hazm yzaopod jhpop gz h cp~ p`om~"
Ao`fhmk C Phbnmk op ~fm Hbbm ^ hbn Zljmz~ A Jhpp Yzlgmpplz lg Dlwmzbamb~ h~ Fhzwhzn ]bowmzpo~" Fopjllep ob`k}nm C}p~o`m3 Tfh~‟p ~fm Zodf~ fobd ~l Nl<&Ymbd}ob+ ]E/+ gzla tfo`f ~fop mpph op hnhy~mn
‖^ h`fomwm h cp~ p`om~+ tmfhwm ~ zmhp ~dm~fmz hj~~fm amhod g ~fm dn kogm‟
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
Gz ~fmzm op h ~fozn+ azm oayz~h~ zmhp ~ tzz hj~ ~fm dztod omxhko~ o p`om~3~ dzmh~ h dhy jm~tmm zo`f hn yz nmz!aomp ~fm pkonhzo~ ~fh~ nma`zh~o` o~osm!pfoy zmxozmp" Fmzm‟p ft" Hp omxhko~ nmmy!mp+ zo`f hn yz kowm o`zmhpodk pmyhzh~m
kowmp" ^fm hgm~ pmn ~fmoz `foknzm ~ p``mppgkp`fkp+ kmhwod ~fmz p`fkp ~ ~fm `foknzm g gha!okomp tf fhwm hk~mzh~owm" H poaokhz ~zmn kmhnp ~~fm pm`mppo j ~fm yzowokmdmn gza ~fmz yjko` gh`oko!~omp" Yzowh~m fmhk~f `kjp zmykh`m ao`oyhk zm`zmh~o`m~zmp hn ptoaaod ykp" H pm`n z ~fozn `hz zm!awmp ~fm mmn ~ zmyk yjko` ~zhpyz~" Hn p "^fm hgm~ pm`mnm gza yjko` ykh`mp hn pmzwo`mp+kmhwod ~fma ~ ~fpm tf `h‟~ hggzn h~fod mkpm"
^fop fhp ~t jhn mggm`~p+ m p`hk+ ~fm ~fmz `owo`"Gozp~+ yjko` pmzwo`mp nm~mzozh~m+ hp ~fpm tf kdmz pm ~fpm pmzwo`mp jm`am kmpp tokkod ~ py!yz~ ~fma to~f ~fmoz ~hvmp" Pm`n+ `aahk pyh`mpkoem yhzep hn jpmp `mhpm ~ jm ykh`mp tfmzm `o~osmpgza noggmzm~ thkep g kogm m`~mz m h~fmz"Op~o~~op ~fh~ `m dh~fmzmn ymykm ~dm~fmz hnpmzwmn hp ogzahk p`fkp g woz~m jm`am gmt hnghz jm~tmm" ^fm fkktod ~ g ~fm yjko` zmhka
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79
GlZMTlZN
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YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
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HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
FlT ^l KOWM HPOG TM TMZM F}AHb
O h tzkn ~fh~ fhp khon jhzm~fm yo~ghkkp g onowonhkopa+ tm ap~ kmhz `m azm ~kowm o ~fm zmhk tzkn+ php ~fm Hz`fjopfy g @h~mzjz
e m b l ~ m p Zlthb tokkohAp
~ pam mv~m~ hth+ kemn o~ ~fm hjpp tfmzmonowonhkopa op ``mzmn hn tm et ~fh~ o~ t‟~n" ^fop op h aam~ tfm mwmz yppojkm hdm` o`owok p`om~ mmnp ~ zmogz`m o~p aao~am~ ~ h tzkn tfmzm ~fdf~gk mayh~f op h zahk hpym`~g ~fm ah~zm ah z tah" Hn g `zpm to~f~~fh~+ ~fmzm tokk jm oahdoh~owm kogm+ ~foeod tfh~aodf~ jm noggmzm~"
Gz apmkg+ ~fm z~p g ~fop womt hzm+ g `zpm+ nmmyo zmkodop wopo hn `aao~am~" Gza ~fop yo~ g womt+ ~fm oayz~h`m g ~fm ghaok op‟~ h pm~oam~hkonmhkopod g namp~o` kogm z h a~f hj~ yh~zohz`f5o~ op hj~ nmzp~hnod ~fh~ dzt o ma~ohko~mkkodm`m hn ah~zo~ jm`hpm g ~fm yzmpm`m g hzmhko~ ~fh~ op `no~ohkk gho~fgk z nmymnhjkm"O zmkodop ~mzap ~fm `no~ohko~ g ghaok kwmop h gho~ aozzz g ~fm `no~ohk aao~am~ g Dn ~ jm ~fmzm gz p" Poaokhzk+ ~fm oayz~h`m g oahdoh~owm kogm op ~ h whdm jmkomg ~fh~ tm pfkn hkkfhwm z zmh~owm ponm m`zhdmn j~ amp ~ g ~fm~o ~fh~ ~fm tzkn tm kowm o op z~mn o h oo~mkogm+ tfpm noampop tm pfhkk mwmz dm~ fkn g ‐ p~fh~ hkk ~fm zmhko~ tm m`~mz op azm ~fh o~ pmmap" Hp gz ~fm mppm~ohk `fhzh`~mz g fah a~hko~+ ~fop`m`~p gz am pym`o`hkk to~f ~fm @fzop~oh jmkomg ~fh~ tm hzm hkk nmymnm~ m h~fmz‟p dog~p+ ~ ~fmmv~m~ ~fh~ og pamm mkpm op nhahdmn z gzp~zh~mn+ggmnmn z yyzmppmn+ mwmzm pggmzp+ mwmzm‟pfaho~ op noaoopfmn"
Oha ~ pddmp~od ~fh~ to~f~ @fzop~oh jmkomg `h‟~ fhwm ~fmpm pz~ g aao~am~p" A yo~ op~fh~+ t azm ~fh mwmz+ tm mmn ~ jm hjkm o ~fmyko~o`hk hn m`ao` ~mv~ ~ pymkk ~ to~f hghoz nmdzmm g khzo~ tfh~ z `aao~am~p hzm hn tf+ tfh~ eon g fah `fhzh`~mz tm th~ ~ pmm"
Yko~o`p kmg~ ~ ahhdmzp hn m`ao`p kmg~ ~ jzemzphnn y ~ h zm`oym gz p`ohk hn mwozam~hk `fhp" Tm hzm hkk h jo~ pf+ nmzp~hnhjk p+ g aheod ~a`f g azhk `aao~am~ o yjko` nop`zpm5 tmhzm thz g fodf!pnod fy`zop hn `p`op g ~fm hwonhjkm ykzhko~ g `wo`~op ~fh~ tokk mvop~o h anmz p`om~"
_m~ ~fm ~z~f op ~fh~ ~fm m`ao` hn p`ohk znmzop‟~ h pmkg!`~homn hgghoz+ pmyhzh~m gza h`~hk fahnm`opop hj~ tfh~ op dn hn nmpozhjkm" @mz~hoeonp g yko~o`hk hn m`ao` nm`opop fhwm ~fmmggm`~ g ~fzmh~mod ~fm yppojoko~omp gz gkk faho~ o ~fm pmpm o tfo`f O‟wm pem~`fmn o~" ^ zmpop~+ tm mmn wopo5 hn tfm~fmz tm hzm onowonhkk zmkodop z ~+ tm mmn hkk ~fm zmpz`mp hwhokhjkm gz p~zmd~fmod
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
Fah jmodp hkk jmdo ~fmoz kowmp o hp~h~m g nmymnm`m" ^fm mmn ~ kmhzft ~ pymhe+ ft ~ ~zp~+ ft ~ m!d~oh~m h tzkn ~fh~ op‟~ hkthp gzomnk hn ~fh~ owkwmp hwonhjkm koao~h!~op tfh~ tm aodf~ gh` tm `h
fhwm z h`fomwm" ^fm mmn h mwozam~ o tfo`f~fm jh`edzn op pm`zm mdf gz ~fma ~ ~hem ~fmm`mpphz zopep g kmhzod ‐ tfmzm ~fm et ~fh~ ~fmzmhzm pam zmkh~opfoyp ~fh~ n‟~ nmymn dm~~od ~fodp zodf~+ j~ hzm cp~ `no~ohk"
Tm hzm ~ k nmymnm~ `zmh~zmp+ tm hzm hkpjmodp tf ~hem o azm ~fh tm `h mhpok yz`mppgza ~fm tzkn hzn5 tm et azm ~fh tm zmhkopm+hn ~fh~ fmkyp p ~ jm`am pmkg!xmp~ood ymzpp+ tf hzm hkthp hthzm ~fh~ ~fodp `kn jm noggmzm~" Tm kmhz ~fop hp `foknzm ~fzdf gh~hp hn ykh+ tmemmy o~ hkowm hp hnk~p ~fzdf hkk pz~p g ‖yzn`~owm‟h`~owo~+ gza pyz~ ~ ym~z ~ `emz z nh`od zah~fmah~o`hk yfpo`p" O~ op ~fm mv~zh ~fodp ~fh~ ahem p
fah5 poayk amm~od tfh~ tm ~foe hzm z ah~mzohkmmnp+ aheod h kowod+ op ~ oxmk fah+ cp~ hazm ayko`h~mn wmzpo g h~p o ~fm h~fokk"
Hn ~fop op h`~hkk wmz kpmk m`~mn to~f !nmzp~hnod hn payh~f gz ~fmzp" Og kowm o h tzkn tfmzm mwmz~fod m`zhdmp ~ p~zddkm gz z t onowonhk o~mzmp~ hn p``mpp+ hzm jmod m`zhdmn ~ odzm ~fm zmhko~ g ~fmz yo~p g womt ‐ k~oah~mk+ ~ odzm ~fm p~ z ~fm yho g ~fmzp" fmzmpk~ ah jm h tzkn tfmzm ymykm hzm wmz hz~o`kh~mhj~ ~fmoz t gmmkodp hn yzm~~ okko~mzh~m hj~ ~fpmg ~fmzp ‐ h tzkn g tfo`f ‖zmhko~ ~mkmwopo‟ dowmp ppam hkhzaod dkoaypmp" H m`ao` `koah~m jhpmn ~fod j~ hk`kh~op g pmkg!o~mzmp~+ gmn j hhahsodk nop~z~mn wmzpo g Nhztoopa+ nmp‟~jokn h fhjo~h~ gz fah jmodp5 h~ jmp~ o~ joknp hpz~ g gz~omn jv za gz yhzhoh`p"
Tfh~ op zh~fmz m`zhdod op ft gmt ymykm+gh`mn to~f ~fop+ pmma h`~hkk ~ th~ h p`om~ `a!ypmn g ymykm koem ~fop" A pmpm op ~fh~+ o yzh`!~o`m+ tm fhwm h dmom nmpozm gz gzomnpfoy" Tm fhwm+
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79
GlZMTlZN
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@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
hn nmmymod ~fh~ wopo" y~ o~ h~fmz th+o~ m`mppo~h~mp ~fm `k~owh~o g woz~m+ h tzn ~fh~ opfhzn gz ah ~ ~hem pmzopk" J~ o~‟p fodf ~oam tmzm`khoamn o~" Tm fhwm ~fmz th g ~hkeod hj~~fm pkon xhko~omp g fah jmfhwoz ~fh~ ahem pazm ~fh zmh`~owm hn pmkg!yz~m`~owm ‐ ~fm xhko~ompg zhdm+ o~mkkodm~ hn dmmzp gzmpodf~+ pmkg!`zo~o`hk hthzmmpp hn ``mz gz jhkh`mn owmz!phk tmkghzm tfo`f+ nmz ~fmz hamp+ fhwm jmm yhz~g ~fm w`hjkhz g Mzymh m~fo`p gz ~t hn fhkg ~fphn mhzp3 gz~o~nm+ yznm`m+ ~maymzh`m hn cp~o`m" O ~fm @fzop~oh tzkn+ g `zpm+ ~fm fhwmjmm pyykmam~mn j+ hn dznmn o+ ~fm woz~mpg gho~f+ fym hn kwm" To~f~ `zhdm hn `hzmgkdn pmpm+ ~fm hyh`o~ ~ y~ z t nmpozmp o~ymzpym`~owm hn ~fm ``mz ~fh~ hkk pfkn pfhzm o tfh~ op zm`dopmn hp dn hn kogmdowod+ ~fmzm op p~hjkm tzkn+ fam ~ kowm o ‐ fpm ~ emmy ‐zmamajmzod ~fh~ ~fm tzn ‖m`a‟ zodohkk amhppoayk ‖fpmemmyod‟"
O~‟p g zpm h tzn zmkh~mn ~ ‖m`kd‟+ ~fm p~n g ~fm ‖fpm‟ tm hkk kowm o+ ~fm ah~mzohk tzkn" Hn y~koem ~fh~+ `h pmm ft poaokhz xmp~op hzopmo ~fop ~mv~+ hj~ ft tm aodf~ kowm hp fahpo h th ~fh~ fzp zh~fmz ~fh mnhdmzp ~fmkogm g z ykhm~" lz+ ~ y~ o~ pkodf~k noggmzm~k+
‖Ft n tm kowm o h th ~fh~ pftp h nmzp~hn!od ~fh~ tm dmomk kowm o h pfhzmn tzkn+ ~ m~fh~ poayk jmkdp ~ p<‟ Tm pfkn jm hpeod ~fmxmp~o tfm~fmz z ~ o~ fhyymp ~ jm zdm~+ cp~jm`hpm o~ op h xmp~o hj~ ft tm kowm fahk+ft tm kowm o p`f h th hp ~ pft ~fh~ tm nmz!p~hn hn zmpym`~ ~fh~ tm hzm k m pym`omp to~fo`zmh~o" Og tm hzm k`emn o~ h th g kogm ~fh~ nmp~ fz tf hn tfh~ tm hzm jm`hpm o~ nmp ~fz kogm o~pmkg hn z `hkkod ~ zopf o~+ tm hzm~ mwm dod ~ et tfmzm ~ p~hz~ o hnnzmppod ~fmmwozam~hk `fhkkmdm" Tm ap~ jmdo j zm`dop!od ~fh~ z m`kdo`hk `zopop op yhz~ g h `zopop g tfh~ tm nmzp~hn j z faho~5 o~ op yhz~ g h dmmzhkyz`mpp g kpod z ‖gmmk‟ gz tfh~ op hyyzyzoh~mk fah+ h kpp ~fh~ fhp jmm dod gz pam `m~!zomp hn tfo`f pam k~zmp hn m`aomp fhwm jmmmmzdm~o`hkk mvyz~od ~ ~fm tfkm tzkn"
l`m hdho o~‟p hj~ zm`wmzod tfh~ ‖woz~m‟ knamh" O~ hkk yo~p ~ ~fm `m~zhk hn mppm~ohk oayz!~h`m g `k~owh~od ~zp~tz~fompp+ zmhkopa z faok!o~ hn ~fm `kmhz pmpm ~fh~ tm ap~ zmpop~ yko`mp zyzh`~o`mp tfo`f h``my~ ~fm tmkghzm g pam h~ ~fm mv!ympm g ~fmzp hn g ~fm ykhm~" ^fh~‟p h jh`e!g!h!
mwmkym onmh g tfmzm tm aodf~ p~hz~ o yzmppod gz hdkjhk m`ao` znmz ~fh~ fhp pam `khoa ~ jm cp~"O~ `h‟~ jm ~ g~m p~zmppmn ~fh~ tm hzm ~ ~hkeod hj~ poayk koao~od nhahdm ~ wkmzhjkm p`om~ompghz hth3 ~fm `m~zhk oppmp mvypmn j ~fm `zopmp omwozam~ hn m`a hkoem hzm mwmzm‟p jpompp+hn ~fm zopep g tfh~ pam `aam~h~zp fhwm `hkkmnh ‖jhzjhzopod‟ g Tmp~mz p`om~omp hp h zmpk~ g yho`hn p`ohk opm`zo~ hzm zmhk mdf" Mxhkk o~ `h‟~jm ~ g~m p~zmppmn ~fh~ o~ op k ~fm dmmzpo~ g h m~fo`hk hyyzh`f ~ ~fmpm ah~~mzp ~fh~ `h jmdo ~zmkh~m ah~mzohk tmhk~f ~ fah tmkkjmod+ ~fm fhyyo!mpp ~fh~ op pyozo~hk hn zmkh~ohk hn jhpmn ~fmzm`do~o g !md~ohjkm fah tz~f"
@h tm+ ~fm+ ~z z jh`ep ~fm tzknp g zmhko~ p pmn`~owmk ymmn y j pam g z zm`m~h`ohk fop~z< Yh~om`m+ ~zp~ hn ~fm h``my~h`m g h tzkn g zmhk koao~h~o hzm hkk fhzn tze5 m~ ~fm k kojmzh~o ~fh~ op ~zk tz~ftfokm op ~fm kojmzh~o ~jm tfmzm tm hzm hn tf tm hzm hp fah jmodp+ ~jm h`fzmn o ~fm zmhko~ ~fh~ op yzymzk zp" l~fmzkmpp pmzop hn kmpp zope m~mzyzopmp ah hyymhz ~yzaopm h ytmz ~fh~ mv`mmnp z koao~h~op ‐ j~o~ op h~ ~fm mvympm g ~z~f+ hn p+ k~oah~mk h~ ~fmmvympm g fah kogm o~pmkg" Ymzfhyp ~fm wmz fmhz~g ~fm zzm~ fhkkmdm op ~fm owo~h~o ~ nop`wmz hko~~km azm nmmyk tfh~ op owkwmn o fah gzmmna‐ ~ ~fm okkpz gzmmna g pam gh~hp g `~zk5~ nop`wmz ft ~ ofhjo~ z tzkn+ ~ ~ kopm+`~zk z pjnm o~"
Zlthb Tokkohap op ~fm Hz`fjopfly lg @hb~mzj}z"^fop hz~o`km nzhtp lb h b}ajmz lg ~fm Hz`fjopfly‟pzm`mb~ y}jko` ob~mzwmb~olbp
‖Tm fhwm kemn o~ ~fm hjpp tfmzm onowonhkopa op ``mzmnhn tm et o~ t‟~ n‟
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
^foe hj~ gzomnpfoy" Hzop~~km fhn h dzmh~nmo~o g gzomnpfoy3 h gzomn op ‖h~fmz pmkg+‟ fmphon" fm nmo~o op p dn jm`hpm o~ g`~op h~ak~oykm kmwmkp" Gozp~+ h gzomn op ko~mzhkk ‖h ~fmz pmkg‟+h~fmz ymzp" }koem mz~o` kwm+ o tfo`f ~fmzm op hytmzgk nmpozm ~ amkn to~f ~fm ~fmz+ ~ jm`am
O ~fmz tznp+ ~fm ~mpop ofmzm~ o ~fm kh!dhdm g zodf~p hn nma`zh` fodfkodf~ pam!~fod g dzmh~ oayz~h`m" ^ jm fah op ~ jm+h~ `m+ onmymnm~ hn nmymnm~" Tm `h k jm`am onmymnm~ jm`hpm g z nmymnm`+hn wo`m wmzph"
M^FO@P TO^F H KO^^KMFMKY GZlA GZOMbNP
Pmkg!o~mzmp~ hn hk`kh~ofhwm nmzhokmn z whkmp" dm~jh`e ~zh`e tm ap~ zmamajmz~fm hggm`~owm jnp ~fh~ koe p~ m h~fmz
^fm h~o‟p azhkp hzm koem o~p ~mm~f3 ~fmazm nm`hmn ~fm hzm+ ~fm azm o~ fz~p~ ~`f ~fma"‟ P ~mn Dmzdm JmzhznPfht o h jpmzwh~o ~fh~ p~okk zodp ~zm3og ~fm tzn ‖azhk‟ gmmkp yhogk+ ~fm tzn‖woz~m‟ ahemp ap~ ymykm to`m" fh~‟p
p~hz~ `h jm ahnm j h~~mnod azm `kpmk ~ tfh~ tm fhwm" Gz ~fm‟zm ~ cp~ nz" ^fm‟zm ahzemn j nmmy hajowhkm`mp+ tfo`f hzm+ o gh`~+ `kmp"
^hem fah zodf~p" Zodf~p fhwm t ah ymykmah gzmmnap+ hn ~fm zfm~zo` g zodf~p op wmz ytmzgk" J~ oayko`o~ o zodf~p hzm kmpp hyymhkod whkmp ~+ yhz~o`khzk tfm ~fm jm`am hkk!ymzwh!powm" Tfm mwmzm op `khoaod ~fop z ~fh~ j zodf~+m ymzp op yo~~mn hdhop~ h~fmz o h `o`~ g zodf~p" Poaokhzk+ ~fh~ zmh~mp h k~zm g dzomwh`m o tfo`f ymykm pmm ~fm azhk ~hpe hp jmod+ o mppm`m+~fm pm`zod g azm zodf~p hdhop~ ~fmzp tf tkn~fmztopm ~hem ~fma hth" J~ fmzm‟p h yhzhnv3 honowonhk‟p zodf~p k ahem h noggmzm`m ~ foa zfmz og dowm j ~fmzp" Zjop @zpm fhn zodf~p fop nmpmz~ opkhn jm`hpm+ hp Poam Tmok y~ o~+ ‖Hzodf~ tfo`f dmp zm`dopmn j hjn op ~ tz~f wmz a`f"‟ H zp~ ~fdf~"
H pm`n+ zmkh~mn `km `amp gza ~fm whkmpofmzm~ o nma`zh`" H jwop+ owhkhjkm p~zmd~fg h nma`zh~o` `k~zm op ~fh~ o~ hkktp mwmzm ~yzpm ~fmoz o~mzmp~p zmkh~owmk gzmmk" _m~+ hp Hkmvopnm ^`xmwokkm ~mn+ ~fm nma`zh~o` onowonhk `hmhpok ghkk o~ ~fm nmkpo ~fh~ ~fm hzm pg`om~k zo`f hn mn`h~mn ~ pyyk ~fmoz t mmnp" ‖P`fgke tm ah h~fod hn fhznk mvym`~ h~fod gza hm+‟ fm tzo~mp o Nma`zh` o Hamzo`h"‖^fm gza ~fm fhjo~ g ~foeod g ~fmapmkwmp o op!kh~o hn oahdom ~fh~ ~fmoz tfkm nmp~o op o ~fmozt fhnp"‟
Fm‟n py~~mn h kn yzjkma" Ymzo`kmp+ ~fm dzmh~`fhayo g nma`zh` o h`om~ H~fmp+ yzhopmnonowonhk oo~oh~owm+ j~ hkp thzmn hdhop~ ~fm o~o!sm tf kowmp k gz foapmkg" Fm phon ~fh~ p`f ono! wonhkp fhwm zodf~ ~ jm yhz~ g ~fm `o~!p~h~m y tfo`f ~fmoz zopfod nmymnp" Fm fhn h gzp`f gke ~+ ono~mp ‐ gza tfo`f tm dm~ h tmkk!etMdkopf tzn"
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
e m b l ~ m p AhZe wmZblb
p~zoeod jm`hpm woz~mp hzm amzmk ~fm peokkp ~fh~ mhjkmp ~ zopf+ og tm fhwm ~fma" @zhdm hn eonmpp+dn cndmam~ hn cp~o`m3 ~fm yzaopm kogm kowmn tmkk" P tfm`m ~fm z~<
^fm z~ yzjkma+ O ppym`~+ op ~fh~ z `zzm~azhk nop`zpm kh`ep h `aymkkod wopo g tfh~ o~op ~ jm fah" M~fo`p fhp `mhpmn ~ jm h pz`m g opyozh~o+ hn op~mhn gmmkp koem h jznm ‐ h koao~h!~o" ^fop op jm`hpm o~‟p jm`am tfh~ fhp jmm phong m`ao`p3 h nopahk p`om`m"
l ~fm m fhn op ~fm m~fo`p g `hk`kh~o+ ~fm tmodfod y g m ymzp‟p o~mzmp~p hdhop~ h~f!mz" O~‟p m~fo`p hp h `p~!jmm~ hhkpop+ h yz`mpp ~fh~fhnp o~ wmz ~ h``~h~p" ^fop ~oko~hzohopa op hfzhjkm ~zhno~o3 ~fm zodohk ~oko~hzohp hzdmn~fh~ pam~fod op zodf~ jm`hpm o~ o`zmhpmp fahfhyyompp" ^fm yzjkma op ~fh~ ~fm fhn h ~fo pmpm g tfh~ fah fhyyompp m~hokp ‐ mz~ho ah~mzohk mmnphn h nm`m~ npm g xhko~ ykmhpzmp" ^fh~ p~zddkmp~ hz~o`kh~m h zo`fmz wopo g tfh~ fahp aodf~jm5 o~ ghokp ~ ahem h yzgn `hkk z h~zm"^nh+ ykmhpzmp hjn+ h~ kmhp~ o ~fm tmp~+ hn o~‟ph hyyzh`f zod ~ g p~mha" Tm pmpm ~fmzmap~ jm azm" }~oko~hzohopa h‟~ ph tfh~"
^fm+ ~fm ~fmz fhn+ op ~fm m~fo`p g zmdkh~o"^fop op m~fo`p hp h pmzomp g zmpypojoko~omp ~ tfo`f tm‟zm~omn hp h zmpk~ g h `~zh`~ tm‟zm k`emn o~ jm`hpm tm kowm to~f ~fmzp" O~ zopep fhnod m~fo`p wmz ~ ~fmkhtmzp+ hn fhp h womt g kogm ~fh~ op jzmh`zh~o`" O~ahemp ymzphk m~fo`p gmmk koem zyzh~m aykoh`m+ hjznm ‐ ymzfhyp h m`mpphz m ‐ j~ mwmz h pz`mg wo~hko~ jm`hpm+ hdho+ o~ nmp ~ fhwm ~fm `hyh`o~ ~ opyozm" O~ nmp‟~ hpe tfh~ tm `h jm+ k hnnzmpp!od tfh~ tm df~ ~ n+ hn g~m df~ ~ ~ n"
P tfmzm aodf~ h mt m~fo`p jm gn< Tmkk+ h
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
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YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
tfkk nmymnm~ y h~fmz+ ~fm kwm `hkkmngzomnpfoy th~p ~fm gzomn ~ jm foa z fmzpmkg" fh~‟pm zmhp tf gzomnp koem ~ ~hke+ hn n‟~ ~fm tfkm eopp5 hn tf ~fm n‟~ aon jmod hyhz~ gz h tfokm+ pam~fod kwmzp fh~m"
Pm`n+ h gzomn op h~fmz pmkg o ~fm pmpm ~fh~ pmm zpmkg o z gzomn+ hn ~fm o " ^fh~aozzzod zmwmhkp poaokhzo~omp" O~ hkp zmwmhkp noggmz!m`mp+ tfo`f `h jm yhogk" J~ h yzgn `!m`~o jm~tmm hn h dn gzomn op gzdmn ~g j~f ‐ j~f `aykoam~ hn `aykmam~ mh`f~fmz" fh~‟p pam~fod g ~fm zm`oyz`o~ g nmymn!m`m hn onmymnm`m hdho"
^fm ~fmzm‟p ~fm ~fozn amhod g h~fmz pmkg+ tfm h gzomn jm`amp o~mdzhk ~ z t pmpm g pmkg" Gzomnp hzm ~fm koem ~t mmp ~fh~ ~dm~fmz n m~fod3 j~f pmm ~fm tzkn o ~fm pham th" lz ~fm jhpeo mh`f ~fmz‟p zmm`~mn dkz+ hn gmmk mh`f ~fmz‟phd" Tm fhwm h tzn gz p`f gzomnp3 pkah~mp ‐m pk o ~t jnomp"
O pfz~+ gzomnpfoy ~mkkp p ~fh~ tm hzm ~ jok!kohzn jhkkp ~fh~ `kkonm hn zmjn" bmo~fmz hzm tmkoem nzyp o ~fm `mh+ tfo`f kpm ~fmoz onm~o~ hp~fm noppkwm" Zh~fmz+ tm hzm h m ppympo g mh~fmz+ o mh`f ~fmz" Tm hzm nmymnm~ hn onm!ymnm~" ^fm dn kogm+ to~mppmn ~ j gzomnpfoy+hzopmp gza j~f yzo`oykmp"
ap~k g zodf~p z cp~ nmpmz~p" Tfmzmhp gz Hzop~~km+ tfokm poaokhz mkmam~p hzm oayz~h~+ cp~o`m op azmgnham~hkk nmzowh~owm g pam~fod mkpm3 `owo` gzomn!pfoy+ z zm`oyz`hk dntokk jm~tmm `o~omp"
‖lz `zzm~ azhk nop`zpmkh`ep h `aymkkod wopo g tfh~o~ op ~ jm fah‟
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
Lg `zpm+ Hzop~~km foapmkg ghokmn ~kowm y ~ ~fop onmhk o fop mv`kpog pkhwmp hn tam gza ~fm o~osm!
z" J~ ~fm yzo`oykm op `kmhz3 gzomn!pfoy op ~ h whkm hnn+ o~ op ~fm jhpo`p`ohk whkm" O~‟p tfh~ ahemp yko~o`p
yppojkm" @n`~od yko~o`p hp og o~ tmzm hj~ ~fmahhdmam~ g h kkm`~owm g p~zhdmzp op+ h``znod ~ ~fop zmhnod+ pp~hohjkm"
H jm~~mz yko~o`p op k yppojkm tfm ~fm `aa!o~ ahogmp~p payh~f" @o~osmp h ~fm jm jnj jnp g ``mz+ ~ cp~ jkodh~o" ^fm t‟~jm`am gzomnp o ~fm ymzphk pmpm+ hn ~fm `z~p tokk p~okk fhwm tze ~ n" J~ dntokk tokk ~mn ~ yzm! whok" P`f h p`om~ tokk hkp et p`ohk fhjo~p koemzmpym`~+ hn o~‟kk mc `kkm`~owm `mkmjzh~op+ tfm‖tm‟ to ~fm y"
^fop o~mdzh~owm womt np pyyz~ o ~fmz hzmhpg zmpmhz`f" H p~zoeod m op mzp`om`m" OhoA`Dok`fzop~+ o ^fm Ahp~mz hn fop Maopphz+ mvykzmpft ~fm ~t fmaopyfmzmp g ~fm jzho pmm ~fm tzknnoggmzm~k+ m hp og tm hzm onmymnm~+ pmkg!h~~mn!od zmh~zmp5 ~fm ~fmz hp og tm hzm nmymnm~+ ~fmz!pmmeod `zmh~zmp" Fop yo~ op ~ ~fh~ m op jm~~mz~fh ~fm ~fmz+ j~ ~fh~ j~f hzm zmxozmn+ m gz~fm ~fmz ‐ ~fdf+ fm thzp+ ~fm onmymnm~+ pmkg! h~~mnod fmaopyfmzm fhp ~zoayfmn wmz ~fm ~fmzo ~fm anmz tzkn"
M~fo`p op h gza g yzh`~o`hk o~mkkodm`m" Koemgzomnpfoy+ tm z~zm woz~mp jmp~ j z mdhdm!am~ to~f ~fmzp hn ~fm tzkn" P`f peokkp ap~ jmkmhz~ hgzmpf o mwmz dmmzh~o ‐ h~fmz zmhp tf h vmn+ nomn pp~ma mwmz opyozmp3 o~ ~hop ko~~km``my~o ~fh~ kogm op ~ jm kowmn" J~ ~fh~ hkp amhp~fmzm‟p fym+ jm`hpm m~fo`p h jm zmahnm" fh~ tokk`am hj~ j zm`dopod ~fm h~zm g z nmymn!m` hn onmymnm`m" Tm‟kk pmpm o~‟p zodf~ jm`hpmo~‟kk pymhe ~ z faho~+ ~fmzmj mkhzdod o~" Tf tkn th~ ~ kowm to~f~ gzomnp< Tf `kn< O~‟kkjm dn jm`hpm o~ ggmzp p ~fm zmpz`mp ~ zopf"
Ahze Wmzblb op h cl}zbhkop~ hbn h}~flz" Fop jllepob`k}nm fm Yfoklplyf lg Gzombnpfoy &Yhkdzhwm Ah`aokkhb/ hbn Tmkkjmobd &H`}amb/+ yhz~ lg ~fm Hz~ lg Kowobd pmzomp fm mno~p" ttt"ahzewmzblb"`la
Og ~fh~‟p zodf~+ ~fm z m~fo`p op jzem gz ~t zmh!pp" Gozp~+ m yzo`oykm fhp am ~ naoh~m wmzh~fmz" ^fp+ ~fm m~fo`p g ~fm gzmm ahzem~ op~z`~pp ~ kowm tfkk pmkg!o~mzmp~mn kowmp ‐ ~fdf+ o~‟p tz~f ~od ~fh~ ~ zmpyn ~ ~fh~ mv`mpp to~fh yypo~m+ pmkg!hjmdh~od oc`~o op mxhkk
aopdonmn" Zh~fmz tm h~zhkk jmgzomn zpmkwmp+hzdmn Hzop~~km+ jm`hpm tm hzm `kpmp~ ~ zpmkwmp5j~ tm pfkn n p o znmz ~ dm~ wmz zpmkwmp+ ~gzdm~ zpmkwmp" fmzmo komp a gzmmna3 kojmzh~ogza pmkg!jpmppo ~ jm to~f hn gz ~fmzp"
Pm`n+ h~ ~fm p`ohk kmwmk+ ~fmzm op h poaokhz awm~thznp" H jzem m~fo`p op~z`~p p ~ kowm to~fmh`f ~fmz hp og tm tmzm gzmodmzp5 nma`zh` hp h`ayh g p~zhdmzp" fh~ op amh h`fomwmam~o h ykzhk tzkn" Ftmwmz+ o~‟p h womt g yko~o`p ~fh~p~zddkmp ~ jmkomwm o p`ohk cp~o`m jm`hpm ~fh~ o! wkwmp zm`dopod ~fh~ a t dn op oayko`o~k `hdf~y to~f ~fm kowmp g ~fmzp" Og O k nmpozm ~ kowm to~f~fmzp opghz hp o~‟p dn gz am+ ~fm m~fo`p g hk`!kh~o hn zkm op ~fm zmpk~"
^ y~ o~ h~fmz th+ ~m ft z nmzp~hn!od g cp~o`m+ ~nh+ op naoh~mn j kmdhkop~o` ~fmamp+
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
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YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
tm p~hn ~zhpvmn j ~fm nhdmzp g azhk`wo`~op" H nma`zh~o` pyozo~ fhp pmzwmn ~dmmzh~m p`my~o`opa hj~ h~fzo~ hn fomzhz`f o mwmz pyfmzm" Cndmam~p hj~ whkmp ~zmajkmjmgzm ~fm o`mpmn xmp~o g tf m ymzp`kn mwmz jm ~ ~mkk h~fmz ft ~ kowm" ^fpm tf yzgmpp ~ fhwm hptmzp hzm zono`kmn o h ~mhny~mn j gzop hnkmp`m~p tfm yzjod h~~fm hppay~op g ~fmoz yhzm~p" O ~fm yko~o`hkhzmh+ ~fmzm op ghp~mz th ~ opk~ yym~p~fh ~ h``pm ~fma g ~zod ~ nmz~hem ~fmoayppojkm ~hpe g oayzwod ~fm m~fo`hk jhpop g p`om~" ^fm `h zmkohjk jm `fhzdmn to~f jmkomwod o ~fh~ ap~ nop ``my~ g anmz pm`khzyko~o`p+ h h p~h~m"
Tm hzm ghaokohz to~f z nmpozmp ~ jm`amfhyy+ p``mppgk hn tmhk~f5 o~ tkn pnym`kohz hn zmymkkm~k fodf!aonmn ~ `gmpp ~h `ayhzhjkm hajo~o ~ jm`am dlln "
^fmzm op h tmkk!et hzdam~+ gz tfo`f~tm~om~f `m~z fop~z fknp pfz~hdm g mwonm`m+ tfo`f yzypmp ~fh~ `m Dn nomp+h~fod jm`amp yppojkm" ^fm ~fmpop `m~zmphzn oppmp g etkmndm ~fm m fhn hna~owh~o ~fm ~fmz" O~ nj~p ft tm `hyppojk et tfh~ op zodf~ hn tzd to~f~ Dn~ ogza p" Hn o~ hpep ft ‐ mwm og tm hzzowm h~yzo`oykmp ‐ tm `h mwmz jm a~owh~mn ~ fz~fma to~f~ ~fm gz`mgk mv~mzhk m`zhdmam~g fmhwm hn fmkk"
Pymz`ohk kdo`P`f zmpmzwh~op ah fhwm h pymz`ohk kdo`~ ~fma+ j~ ~fm hzm azm wkmzhjkm ~fh ~fm h~ zp~ hyymhz" ^ ph ~fh~ to~f~ Dn+ tm ap~pzzmnmz h~~h`fam~p ~ dn hn mwok zmwmhkph nmj~ ~ ~fm wmz zmkodop aonpm~ tfo`f ~fmhzdam~ yzyz~p ~ xmp~o+ gz k og tm fhn~zk `m jmkomwmn ~fh~ Dn mvop~mn ‐ hn ~fh~~fm gnh~op gz azhko~ tmzm fm`m o ~fmozmppm`m pymzh~zhk ‐ tkn ~fm zm`do~o g Dn‟p !mvop~m`m gz`m p ~ pzzmnmz azhkyzo`oykmp"
_m~ og tm hppam gza ~fm ~pm~ ~fh~ o~ thpfahp tf ahnm Dn y+ ~fm ~fm kom zhyonk `kkhypmp o~ h ~h~kd+ gz tf pfkn h~fod fhwm jm`am yppojkm poayk jm`hpm fahp`ham ~ zm`dopm ~fh~ ~fm tmzm ~fm h~fzp g ~fm wmz zkmp ~fm fhn `m ykh`mn o~ ~fm a~fp g pymzh~zhk jmodp<
Gz ~fm zmkodop+ azhk `nmp mvop~ jm`hpmDn ggmzmn ~fma ~ p ‐ hn jm`hpm ~fm hzm ~zm"Gz ~fm pm`khzop~ ftmwmz+ ~fm zodop g m~fo`p hzmjmp~ h``~mn gz o ~fm ap~ yzpho`+ `h~ohz hn yzhdah~o` ~mzap tfo`f+ tfokm kh`eod h dzhnmz+ h~ kmhp~ fhwm ~fm fhjo~ g pnod `wo`od ~ fhznmmn `o`p" ^fm `nmp mvop~jm`hpm tm ahnm ~fma y ‐ hn tm non p hp hhptmz ~ m g ~fm ap~ fhhznp yzjkmapg p`ohk mvop~m`m3 ah‟p hddzmppo hdhop~ah" Zmkodop azhkp tmzm `zmh~mn hp h~~may~p~ `~zk z ~mnm`omp ~thznp wokm`m+ wono`~owmmpp+ pyo~m+ zowhkz+ yzmcno`m hn
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
Gza h h~fmop~‟p ymzpym`~owm+ dnmpp fhpjm`am h htethzn hn nopyozo~od ``my~" Hzn ~fm ‖dn ymzp‟+ ~fmzm fwmz h fp~g yhzhnvo`hkk mdh~owm hpp`oh~op3 g yom~+pkmao~+ jknkmppmpp hn pmvhk zm`oh~o+hp og dnmpp tmzm pam~fod m tkn ~z k tfm ~fmz azm nog`k~ j~ azm gkkkod hwmmp fhn jmm mvfhp~mn" lm ~foep g amkh`fk aam~p g `foknfn+ tfm mfhn ~ gkkt hzjo~zhz p`fk zkmp+ tzo~m ~fhe km~~mzp gz th~mn dog~p hn n `aao~ pmzwo`m"
Jmod dn fhp `am ~ gmmk nopfmp~" ^fmdzmh~ yp`fkdop~p g ~fm anmz hdm+ gza KhJzæzm ~ Gzmn+ fhwm `wo`odk pft ~fh~~fmzm hzm o~zopo`hkk jmmwkm~ yh~~mzp g jmfhwoz" Mdopa hn hddzmppo hzm nmzp~n~ kom h~ ~fm fmhz~ g z ymzphko~omp hn mwmzazm p ~fh o onowonhkp tf h~~may~ ~`wmz ~fma y to~f phk nopykhp g woz~m"^fm + ~fm yhzopf yzomp~+ ~fm pmkg!ph`zo`od yko~o`oh5 tm fhwm jmm ~zhomn ~ pmpm gkmzoaykpmp jmfon ~fmoz dm~km nmmnp" Tfh~ kepkoem dnmpp ap~ owkwm mo~fmz jmnom`m zymzwmz~mn gzap g mdopa &~fm jodzhyfmzp `hjm mvym`~mn ~ mhz~f ~fm nm~hokp o nm `zpm/"Pmkg!o~mzmp~mn a~owmp hzm dkmn ~ ~fm nmzponmg mwmz hyyhzm~k jmmwkm~ h`~" Yzjm fhznmdf h~ eonmpp+ ``mz z yo~ hn ~fm `kmhz!fmhnmn yp`fkdop~ tokk p `am y hdhop~~fm gnham~hk jmnz`ep g `fhzh`~mz3 mw+ahko`m hn gmhz" ^ jm y~oaop~o` hj~ ~fm fah`no~o op ~ hyymhz pm~oam~hk+ `zmnkp hn~ h ko~~km poaykm!aonmn"
^fmzm op h~fmz zmhp ~ jm ppyo`op g dnmpp+ `m~zod hzn opkjkm nj~p hp ~ tfh~ ~fm ``my~ h`~hkk owkwmp" Hg~mz `m~zompg nd ah~o` `mz~ho~+ tm kowm o h mzh g aoko~h~nj~ hj~ m~fo`hk `khoap" bm pmma hjkm ~p~hn y ~ ~fm xhpo!p`om~o` p~hnhznp g yzg ~fh~ tm nmahn g ~fma ‐ p ~fh~ pddmp~op fhwmjmm ntdzhnmn gza ~fm p~h~p g jcm`~owm~z~fp ~ ~fh~ g poaykm yzmcno`mp" ^fm pmpo~owm+ym!aonmn pm`~op g p`om~ zm`dopm hkk cndam~p ~ jm `k~zhkk hn `~mv~hkk pym`o`hn ~fmzmgzm o`hyhjkm g mkmwh~o ~ ~fm zhe g dmmzhk ~z~fp" H ~mzzz g kn!ghpfomn azhkopafhp nzowm hkk ~hke g azhko~ ~ g ~fm yjko`pyfmzm" Tf tkn t nhzm ~ pddmp~ ft zmodfjzp pfkn jm cndmn o ~fm whp~ naho tm ~mza yzowh~m kogm< O odf~ gza ndah~opa+
l~ponm g zmkodo+ dnmpp fhp jm`amh pyoe `my~" J~ ~fh~ nmp ~ amh~fmzm op ykh`m gz h~ohz zkmp+ php Hkho nm J~~
X za~hkeobd ylob~p
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
onmko~ ‐ tfo`f tkn nmp~z p`om~ og kmg~`fm`emn"
^fm hptmz ~ Ah`fohwmkkohp tf zmkopf onmp`zojod z oph~ohjkm pmkpfmpp op fm`mmxow`hk" Tm hzm g `zpm a~owh~mn j z thnwh~hdm+ j~ ~fop m`mpphzok o`knmp ~fh~ g ~fm`aao~ h~ khzdm" Tfh~mwmz onowonhkop~p aodf~yzypm+ mggm`~owm `hyo~hkopa nmp ~ khp~ kd to~f~ h p~zd m~fo`hk jh`ejm" Pmkg!o~mzmp~~fmzmgzm ypfmp p ~ hyyzm`oh~m ~fm jmm~p g h`~od eonk+ hkd to~f ~fm mvxopo~m pmph~op~fh~ `am gza zmn`od ~fm pggmzod g ~fmzp+jmponmp tfo`f azm p~zhodf~gzthznk pmkpfykmhpzmp yhkm o~ opodo`h`m &o~ fhp hkthpjmm h mpym`ohkk ymzwmzpm yfokpyfo`hk kmdh` ~ pddmp~ ~fh~ jmfhwoz `h k jm `ponmzmndn og o~ nmkowmzp ph~opgh`~o tfh~pmwmz ~ ~fmhdm~ tf ymzgzap o~ ‐ h kom tfo`f h~ o~p ap~hjpzn pmmp noggmzm`m o azhk whkm jm~tmm~fm h`~op g h `zoaohk hn g h hon tzemz+jm`hpm j~f fhwm jmm ‖a~owh~mn‟ ~ h`~ hp ~fm pmm ~/"
^fm Cnm!@fzop~oh azhk `nm thpnmpodmn ~ gp~mz tfh~ tm tkn t `hkk ‖dnzmkh~opfoyp‟" Tm ah ~ `p`opk th~ ~jm`am dn+ j~ tm ~mn ~ ymz`mowm tmkk mdf tf tm tkn th~ ~ oayzwm z ~hkm~ h~`zmh~od fhzaop m`~op to~f foknzm+yhzm~p+ kwmzp+ `kkmhdmp hn gmkkt `o~omp ‐hn j hnk~fn hzm phkk h``znmn h ymzphpowm~hp~m g ~fm jo~~mz `pmxm`mp g ghokzm"
lz zmkodop `nmp hzm z `h~ohz zkmp+ yzcm`~mn o~ ~fm pe hn zmm`~mn jh`e~ mhz~f o nopmajnomn hn ahcmp~o` gzap"Gz`mgk oc`~op ~ jm payh~fm~o`+ yh~om~hn cp~ zmm`~ z etkmndm g tfh~ tokk nzht z p`om~omp jh`e gza gzhdam~h~o hn pmkg!nmp~z`~o" P wo~hk hzm ~fmpm oc`~op ~fh~ tmnon ~ gz h kd ~oam nhzm ~ hnao~ ~fh~ tm fhnmwm gzakh~mn ~fma+ kmp~ ~fop tkn hkkt ~fma~ jm xmp~omn hn fhnkmn ozzmwmzm~k" Tm fhn~ yzm~mn ~fh~ azhko~ `ham gza mkpmtfmzm ~opkh~m o~ gza z yzmwhzo`h~op hn z gzhok~omp"
Xmp~ood ytmzNmgmnmzp g kojmzhk m~zhko~ hn `zo~o`p g ~fmh p~h~m hzm hy~ ~ zmpyn ~ ~fm yzpym`~g p`f h p`om~ to~f fzzz+ yo~od ~ ft pmwmzmk o~ tkn noaoopf ~fh~ ap~ `hznohkg yko~o`hk dnp+ gzmmna" Gz `m~zomp+ ~fm tzn zodf~k dmmzh~mn oaamnoh~m zmwmzm`m" Tfm ahz`fo`hk dwmzam~p nmahnmn`aykm~m jmnom`m ~ ~fmoz `zzy~ h~fzo~ hn tfm onowonhkp tmzm fhzhdmn j zmyzmppowm+aopdonmn ~zhno~ohk zmkodop gz`mp+ ~fmzm `knfhwm jmm azm mppm~ohk yzozo~ gz yko~o`hk~fmzop~p ~fh ~ xmp~o ytmz+ ~ nmma h~fzo~ ofmzm~k nhdmzp hn ~ `fhkkmdm h~~may~p ~no`~h~m m~fo`p"
J~ m tnmzp tfm~fmz ~fm onmh g gzmmnap~okk hkthp nmpmzwmp ~fm nmgmzm`m tm hzm yzmyhzmn~ dzh~ o~5 tfm~fmz ~fm tzn aodf~ ~ o ~z~fjm h fop~zo`hk hahk tfo`f tm pfkn kmhz
~ h`m hn hnhy~ ~ z t `oz`ap~h`mp" Tm aodf~ hpe tfm~fmz gz nmwmkymn p`om~omp+ hkh`e g gzmmna zmahop ~fm yzo`oyhk yzjkmag `aahk kogm" O ~fm `fhp g ~fm kojmzhk gzmmahzem~+ tm ~mn ~ kh`e ~ p a`f gzmmna+ hp~fm `fh`m ~ pm o~ tmkk" Tm kh`e donh`m+ pmkg!nmzp~hnod+ pmkg!`~zk+ nozm`~o" Jmod kmg~hkm ~ zo z kowmp hp tm ykmhpm op ~ h kojmz~ tz~f zmwmzod" Kojmz~hzohp oayk ~fh~ mv~mzhkpddmp~op g ft ~ jmfhwm ap~ hkthp p~zoem php tmk`am `z~hokam~p g z tmkk!gzakh~mnykhp" ^fm mv~mzhk wo`m op ‐ o ~fop h``~ ‐ hofmzm~k o~zpowm+ nmpozhjkm m+ oaymnod ~fm nmkojmzh~op g zh~ohk+ ah~zm gzmm hdm~p"
^fm jmm~ g to~mppmpFtmwmz+ koem ~fpm gmhpojk pmkg!`~homn+phm hn zmhphjkm dzt!yp ~fh~ tm hzmhppamn ~ jm j kojmzhk yko~o`ohp+ ap~ g p hzmp~okk nop~zjmn `foknzm" Tm ah o ah po~h~opkd ~ jm m`zhdmn ~ jmfhwm hp tm tkn fym~" Tm ah th~ ~ponmzp tf `h fmky p ~p~h `kpm ~ ~fm `aao~am~p tm zmwmzm j~ kpmpodf~ g" Tm ah jmm~ gza fhwod to~mppmp+koem fpm dmp~p+ tf `h pfham p hth gzaonkdod z hdmz+ hz`oppopa+ phnopa+ mw+khompp z nmpyhoz"
Gzmmna tz~f g o~p okkp~zop hpp`oh~oppfkn ~ amh jmod kmg~ hkm ~ nmp~z zpmkwmp" O~ pfkn jm `ayh~ojkm to~f jmod hnaopfmn+ donmn hn mwm zhzm ``hpopzmp~zo`~mn ‐ hn p fmkymn ~ jm`am tf tm fym~ jm"
Hkhob nm Jl~~lb op h jmp~pmkkobd h}~flz hbn pl`ohk mb~zmyzmbm}z" fm P`fllk lg Kogm+ tfo`f fm fmkyp~l z}b+ tokk flp~ h P}bnh Pmzalb lb m~fo`p+ dowmbj Jhzlbmpp Ahz Thzbl`e+ lb :6 Ahz`f :989ttt"~fmp`fllklogm"`la
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
Gmjz}hzy :989
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Flt oaylz~hb~ hzm m~fo`hk
`lb`mzbp ~l l}z nhok kogm<
O‟wm ~ zmhkk mwmz ph~ nt
~ ~foe hj~ hkk ~fop ~ok
t+ j~ t O zmhkopm ~fh~
m~fo`hk `ponmzh~op `kz
mwmz yhz~ g mwmz nh g a
kogm" Jm`hpm tfh~ O `h pmm op
~fh~ O fhwm jmm wmz p~zdk
donmn j h azhk hn m~fo`hk
womtyo~+ hn ~fh~ womtyo~
op ~fh~ tam ‐ hn ~fmoz
`foknzm ‐ fhwm ~fm zodf~ ~ jm
kop~mmn ~ hn ~ jm owkwmn
o ~fmoz amno`hk ~zmh~am~+ hn
~ fhwm ~fmoz womtp hn ~fmoz
p~hnyo~ ~hem pmzopk"
Tfm O zp~ tm~ o~
amno`om+ ~fh~‟p ~ ft o~ thp"
O zmamajmz hpeod h pzdm
h~ h ahp~m`~a tfm~fmz ~fm
tah jmod ymzh~mn
emt pfm‟n them y to~f~ h
jzmhp~" Fm a~~mzmn pam~fod
hj~ fhwod am~omn o~
hp h yppojoko~ ‧ hn O gn
apmkg ~foeod+ ~fop op fzzo`"
Tam fhwm zodf~p+ ~fm fhwm
gmmkodp" P a`f g amno`om
h~ ~fm ~oam thp hj~ ~fodp
jmod nm l tam J_
am" O fhn h wmz p~zd pmpm
g ocp~o`m"
Tfh~ `foknflln ob}mb`mp
pfhymn l}z jmkomgp<
O fhn+ gza a mhzkomp~ ~oamp+
h wmz p~zd pmpm ~fh~
tam `kn n mwmz~fod
am `kn n+ hn ~fh~ ~fm
pfkn" O dzmt y ^mponm+
hn O zmamajmz hkthp jmod
p~z`e j Dzh`m Nhzkod+ tf
fhn ztmn fmz gh~fmz‟p jh~
~ zmp`m pam phokzp tf‟n
jmm pfoytzm`emn" O~ thp h
fdm jh~+ hn pfm ztmn o~
cp~ hp tmkk hn cp~ hp jzhwmk
hp h ah `kn"
O dzmt y o h z~fnv
Cmtopf fam+ hn o~ thp xo~m
nop`oykomn hn ~fmzm thp h
p~zd pmpm g `fhzo~+ hn g
cp~o`m" O dzmt y jmod wmz
pmpo~owm ~ yzmcno`m+ hn wmz
pmpo~owm ~ ymykm aheod
pkyy cndam~p ‐ a m~fo`hk
jh`edzn thp ~fh~ tmzm
nokodm~+ hn ~fh~ non z
zmpmhz`f hn ~fh~ `hzmn
hj~ tfh~ tmzm nod"
^fmzm thp hkp h p~zd tze
m~fo` ‐ O zmamajmz a a~fmz
nod am m azod hpkmmy
a jmn o a yhz~ nzmpp+
fhwod jmm ~ ~fm odf~
jmgzm" O thp hj~ pov~mm
hn nod tze mvymzom`m+
hn O ~fdf~ O‟n dowm o~ h aopp
jm`hpm g jmod ~ p kh~m ‐
j~ pfm thp fhwod m g o~"
Pfm ymmkmn gg a yhz~ nzmpp+
ahnm am y~ a tze
`k~fmp+ hn ypfmn am ~ g
~fm gz~ nz"
Tfh~ mkpm pfhymn l}z jmkomgp<
Tfm O d~ knmz O thp pf`emn
j ft ko~~km ogzah~o
znohz ymykm tmzm dowm hp
amno`hk yh~om~p+ hn j ft
a`f ytmz n`~zp fmkn"
O nm`onmn ~ `fhkkmdm ~fh~+
hn ~fm th ~ `fhkkmdm o~
pmmamn ~ jm ~ tzo~m+ hn kh~mz
~ ~hem yhz~ o ~mkmwopo
yzdzhaamp ‐ ~fh~ thp h th
g yhppod ogzah~o+
g pfhzod etkmndm" O `hzm
hj~ ymykm fhwod dn
ogzah~o ‐ zodf~ t h k~ g
tfh~‟p yzmpm~mn hp oayz~h~
amno`hk zmpmhz`f op‟~ ~fh~
h~ hkk+ hn O gmmk p~zdk
hj~ aheod ~fh~ kmhz" Hp
h czhkop~+ O ahem m~fo`hk
nm`opop mwmz nh hj~ ft
~ zmpyn ~ amno`hk oppmp
o ~fm mtp jmfhkg g a
mtpyhymz"
NZ AOZOHA P^lYYHZN H}^FlZ
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
Km~ p hdzmm ~fop3 tm kowm o ykzhkop~o` p`om~omphn ykzhkopa op h hwonhjkm gh`~" Tm hzm mxhk`o~omp+ j~ to~f noggmzm~ `k~zhk hn zmkodopjh`edznp" P+ ft `h tm+ op~mhn g jmod jpmppmn to~f y~m~ohk ‖`o`~p g onm~o~‟ to~fo `aao~omp+ `fhdm ~fh~ womtyo~ ~nmm hn yza~m h `aa m~fo`hk gzhamtze+z~zmn j ~fm zo`fmpp g nowmzpm zmkodop hn`k~zhk jh`edznp< Hg~mz hkk+ h ykzhkop~o` p`om~ mmnp h p~zd hn mggm`~owm m~fo`p g `o~ompfoyo znmz ~ gh`m y ~ j~f o~p o~mzhk `fhkkmdmp&nowmzpo~+ mxhk zodf~p+ zh`opa+ `zzy~o+ m~`/ hno~mzh~ohk fhkkmdmp &m`ao` zopop+ dkjhk thzaod+ aodzh~op+ m~`/"
Fmzm‟p m yzo`oykm gz zmh`fod ~fh~ dhk3h m~fo`p g `o~ompfoy pfkn o~pmkg zmm`~ ~fmnowmzpo~ g ~fm `o~ompfoy" Gz tfokp~ tm hdzmm~fh~ m fhp ~fm zodf~ ~ oaypm ~fmoz jmkomgp h~fmz+ tm hkp nmzp~hn ~fh~ z `aa kogmpfkn jm nmmn o p`f h th ~fh~ o~ o`knmp ~fm`~zoj~op g hkk ~fm zmkodop hn yfokpyfo`hk~zhno~op to~fo o~" Gz~fmz+ ~fm th ~ jzod hj~p`f o`kpo op ~fzdf `zo~o`hk nmjh~m"
Tfm o~ `amp ~ ~fm mt Apkoa yzmpm`m o Tmp~mz `~zomp+ ~fh~ `zo~o`hk nmjh~m op fhzn ~h`fomwm" Opkha op ymz`mowmn hp h ‖yzjkma‟+ mwmzhp h dog~ o z xmp~ gz h zo`f hn p~oakh~od nowmzpo~" Hn ~fh~‟p h aop~hem" Opkha fhp a`f ~ggmz ‐ ~ kmhp~ tfm `ponmzod ft onowonhkpo yko~o`p hn jpompp fhwm zm`m~k jmmjmfhwod+ to~fo ~fm koao~p g ~fm kht+ j~ to~f h`kmhz kh`e g m~fo`p"
Opkhao` ko~mzh~zm op gkk g oc`~op hj~~fm `m~zhko~ g h mn`h~o jhpmn m~fo`p hnyzymz mnp" Onowonhk zmpypojoko~+ tfm o~`amp ~ `aao`h~od+ kmhzod+ hn ~mh`fod+op `m~zhk ~ ~fm Opkhao` ampphdm" Apkoap hzmmvym`~mn ~ jm ‖to~mppmp ~ ~fmoz ampphdm jmgzmymykm‟+ tfo`f amhp pymheod o h nm`m~ th+ yzmwm~od `fmh~od hn `zzy~o+ hnzmpym`~od ~fm mwozam~" O~mdzo~ o yko~o`p+hn ~fm zmcm`~o g pzop pym`kh~o om`ao`p+ hzm yzo`oykmp ~fh~ hzm ypfod Apkoa`o~omp hn p`fkhzp ~ mvykzm mt hwmmp ~fh~jzod yjko` kogm hn o~mzymzphk m~fo`p ~dm~fmz"
H mt aa hzzh~owmAzm jzhnk+ ~fm Apkoa yzmpm`m pfkn jmymz`mowmn hp ypo~owm ~" O~ op ~ nmzaood ~fm Dzm`!Zah hn Cnm!@fzop~oh m~fo`hkhn `k~zhk z~p g Mzym" bmo~fmz op o~
lg~m ~fm gzodmp g zo~o`hk nmjh~m+Opkha fhp a`f ~ ggmz tfm o~ `amp ~~fm nmwmkyam~ g h m~fo`p jhpmn z`aa o~ompfoy+ php ^hzox Zhahnh
h z z~hkeobd ylob~p
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
o~zn`od ndah~opa o~ ~fm nmjh~m+ hp og pyozo~hk hn zmkodop ~zhno~op h~ah~o`hkk nzht h~fzo~hzoh pz`mp" ^fm `h ymzh~m to~fo j~f ~fm koao~p g ~fm kht hn o ~fm ymyjko` pyfmzm ~" l ~fm `~zhz+ ~fm Apkoayzmpm`m `h ykh h `zo~o`hk zkm o ~foeod hj~z g~zm hn pfhyod h mt `aa hzzh~owm" O~`h fmky zm`hkk hn zmwowm pam g ~fm gnham~hkyzo`oykmp y tfo`f ~fm `k~zmp g Mzym hzmjhpmn"
^ y~ o~ h~fmz th+ Apkoap zmaon ~fmozgmkkt `o~omp ~fh~ m `h~ poayk dm~ zong knmz m~fo`hk ~zhno~op hn zmykh`m ~fma j h pyypmnk m~zhk zkm g kht z j oayhz~ohk whkmp gzamn o h gzmm ahzem~" ^ hdzmm ~fmzkm g kht+ mxhko~ hn nma`zh~o` ~zhpyhzm` op pzmk ~ mdf" @~mayzhz `zopmp to~fop`om~omp+ hn h~ ~fm o~mzh~ohk kmwmk+ zmaon p tm mmn azm m~fo`p o z yjko` kogm+ ~ amzmk azm mg`om`"
Tfm~fmz tm `h hdzmm ~fm `~m~ g h`aa m~fo` op h~fmz xmp~o m~ozmk" J~~fop op tfmzm `zo~o`hk hn o!nmy~f nmjh~mp pfkn~hem ykh`m+ hn o~‟p o ~fop th ~fh~ ~fm oppm g zykzhk g~zm ~dm~fmz pfkn jm nm~mzaomn" ^fh~g~zm `h~ jm pfhymn j pymz`ohk nop`ppopg h~ohk onm~o~+ whkmp z Jzo~opfmpp" Poaokhzk+ tm ap~ p~y ~zmh~od nowmzpo~ hp h fonzh`m+ gzo~ pfkn jm mvh`~k ~fm yypo~m" Zh~fmz+ h m~fo`pjhpmn z `aa `o~ompfoy ap~ jm gzdmngza h pmzop hn yzgn mdhdmam~ to~f ~fmamhod g z `aa faho~"
^hzox Zhahnhb op Yzlgmpplz lg @lb~maylzhz Opkhao`P~}nomp h~ Lvglzn ]bowmzpo~" Fop jllep ob`k}nm Tfh~ O Jmkomwm &L]Y/ hbn Zhno`hk Zmglza+ Opkhao` M~fo`phbn Kojmzh~olb &L]Y/" ttt"~hzoxzhahnhb"`la
b~ jmkomwod o h yp~!az~ma mvop~m`m tfmzmhkk tzdp tokk jm zodf~mn+ fahop~p ~foe g yko~o`p hp o`zmnojk oayz~h~" O~ op azm ~fh cp~ h m`mppo~ hzopod gza ~fm gh`~ ~fh~ tm‟zmp`ohk hoahkp3 o~ op h yyz~o~ ~ yza~m ~fmyyz~o~ g h dn kogm gz hkk"
}~yoh op mwmz h~~hohjkm hn h zh~ohkhyyzh`f ~ z `aa kogm ap~ h``my~ ~fh~+j~ h yzdzmppowm hamkozh~o g ~fm `no~og hkk ymykm op mppm~ohk kmpp" P+ tm `h cndmz yko~o`ohp+ hn zpmkwmp hp yhz~o`oyh~od `o~omp+ j ft ghz tm hzm awod ~thznp
Fahop~p hyyk ~fmoz t p~hnhznp g mwhkh~o ~ yko~o`p+ m~ ~fm oayhz~ohkp`om~ ~ tfo`f ~fm hpyozm df~ ~ jm hdhk pfhzmn j hkk+ php Hnzmt @yp
y aa~hkeobd ylob~p
Flt a}`f nl l} ~fobe hjl}~
m~fo`p lb h nhok jhpop<
O‟a `p`op g m~fo`p hkk
~fm ~oam+ mwmz nh" M~fo`hk
`ponmzh~op hzm ~fm zmhp
O n ~fm hz~p o ~fm th O
n ~fm hz~p+ hn a m~fo`hk
jmkomgp nmzyo mwmz~fod
O n" Jm`hpm tfh~ O jmkomwm+
tfkmfmhz~mnk+ op ~fh~ tm
p~okk kowm o h mxhk p`om~+
hn ~fh~ hz~ op h gnham~hk
zodf~ g h fah jmod" Hn
O‟a hkthp `p`op g ~fm
gh`~ ~fh~ ~fm zodohk nm`opo
~ pm ~hvh~o ~ fmky hz~p ~
zopf thp nmpodmn ~ fmky
hz~p zopf gz hp ah ymykm
hp yppojkm+ hn ~ cp~ gz ~fm
gmt" P ~fh~ op+ hn hkthp fhp
jmm+ a donod yzo`oykm"
Tfh~ hjl}~ ~fm m~fo`p lg l~fmzp
ob kmhnmzpfoy zlkmp<
lm ~fod ~fh~ pzyzopmp
tfm ‟zm o yjko` kogm op
~fh~ ~ mwmzm fhp ~fm pham
m~fo`hk gzhamtze" O~ kmhwmp
hdfhp~ pam~oamp" _‟zm
~zod ~ jm p`zykp+ z
h~ kmhp~ ~ ~hem h owm~z
~fm tfkm ~oam+ hn ~fm
amm~ ymykm tf fhwm h
`hkkp nopzmdhzn gz m~fo`p"
^fh~‟p wmz pm~~kod+ jm`hpm
kmpp ~fmzm‟p h jod `kkm`~owm
hdzmmam~ had ymykm o
kmhnmzpfoy ypo~op m~fo`p+
‟zm kmg~ to~f h ghjzo` ~fh~‟p
gkk g fkmp"
Tfh~ thp l}z m~fo`hk
gzhamtlze tfmb l} tmzm
dzltobd }y<
O dzmt y o Kowmzyk+ o h
fam ~fh~ thp‟~ zmkodop
hn thp‟~ tmhk~f+ j~ m o
tfo`f mxhko~ hn zmpym`~ gz
mwmzm tmzm gnham~hk"
Hn o~ thp‟~ cp~ ~hdf~+ o~
thp pmmod hzn am ~fh~ o
Kowmzyk tm fhn h `aao~
ahnm y g p ah ymykm
gza noggmzm~ yhz~p g ~fm
tzkn tf kowmn ~dm~fmz
fhyyok hn ymh`mgkk" Pmmod
~fh~ kmn am ~ jmkomwm ~fh~+
~fdf ymykm aodf~ jmkomwm
~fm‟kk jm fhyyomz og ~fm p~o`e
~ ymykm tf hzm koem ~fma+ o
gh`~ z y~m~ohk gz dmom
fhyyompp op dzmh~mp~ og tm
pfhzm hn dowm h`zpp `k~zhk
hn ~fmz jnhzomp"
Fhp ~fm tonmz m~fo`hk gzhamtlze
ob Jzo~hob `fhbdmn lwmz ~fm
mhzp<
J~f a yhzm~p fhn kowmn
~fzdf Tzkn Thz t+
hn a gh~fmz fhn gdf~ o
o~+ hn O ~foe nmzyood
z m~fo`hk gzhamtze hn
nmzyood h k~ g ymykm‟p
m~fo`hk gzhamtzep h~ ~fh~ ~oam
thp ~fm thz" ^fmzm thp ~fop
pmpm ~fh~ ~dm~fmz ymykm fhn
`am ~fzdf h nog`k~ ~oam+
hn ~dm~fmz ~fm tmzm tzeod
gz h `~z ~fh~ tkn fhwm
h jm~~mz fmhk~f hn tmkghzm
pp~ma" ^fmzm thp h zmhk pmpm
g pam~fod azm oayz~h~
~fh onowonhkp ‐ hg~mz hkk+ ~fh~
thp tfh~ ~fm thz fhn jmm
hj~ ‐ hn o~ non ymzamh~m
mwmz~fod h~ ~fh~ ~oam"
Fhwod phon ~fh~+ O n‟~ j
o~ ~fop onmh ~fh~ d
ymykm ~nh n‟~ `hzm hj~
oayz~h~ ~fodp" ^fm mp
O amm~ hzm mz`mk onmhkop~o` !
~fm nmo~mk th~ ~fm tzkn
~ jm h jm~~mz ykh`m+ hn ~fm‟zm
yzmyhzmn ~ tze ~thznp ~fh~
dhk"
C}NM EMKK_ HZ^OP^O@ NOZM@^lZ+ Pl}^FJHbE @Mb^ZM
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
Gmjz}hzy :989
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
h ym p`om~ ~fh~ yzomp mxhko~+ cp~o`mhn gzmmna" N ~fmoz h`~op hn zmhppnmap~zh~m p`f `aao~am~p< Op ~fm `~m~g ~fmoz hzdam~p ogzamn j ‖zmhp hnfaho~hzohopa‟+ hp Ehzk Yyymz y~ o~< Hzm~fm tzeod ~ yypm ~fpm gz`mp tfo`f tknnoaoopf ~fm `fh`mp g h dn kogm gz hkk<
^fmpm m~fo`hk ~mp~p hzm wmz noggmzm~ gza~fpm ~fh~ tkn cndm yko~o`ohp h``znod ~ tfm~fmz ~fm fhwm `khoamn mvympmp gz h n`eopkhn z h hdykm+ hn ~fm myfmamzhk mvympmpp`hnhk h~ Tmp~aop~mz pfkn ~ jp`zm fodfmzm~fo`hk p~hnhznp" Poaokhzk+ yjko` hdmz h~ hm`ao` `zopop `hpmn j h yzgmppo dzh~mn ~a`f gzmmna+ p ~fh~ o~ h`~mn pmkpfk+ pfkn~ ahem p ~z hth gza gzmmna o dmmzhk"^fm yfokpyfmz Cmh!Yhk Phz~zm phon+ ‖Tfm tmph ~fh~ ah op zmpypojkm gz foapmkg+ tm n~ amh ~fh~ fm op zmpypojkm k gz fop tonowonhko~+ j~ ~fh~ fm op zmpypojkm gz hkkam"‟ ^fm nmgm`m g fah zmpypojoko~ hdhop~~fm mdh~owm mggm`~p ~fpm tfa ozzmpypojoko~ fhzap op h oayz~h~ yhz~ g h fahop~ m~fo`"
H pm`khz anmk g p~h~mPm`khzopa op hkp wo~hk" ^fm k wohjkm `aagzhamtze g `owo` whkmp o h p`om~ ~fh~ op nowmzpmo ~mzap g ~fdf~p hn yoop op m m~hokod ~kmzh`m g hkk womtp hn kogmp~kmp+ tfmzm m opyzowokmdmn z nop`zoaoh~mn hdhop~ pkmk jm`hpmg ~fmoz zmkodop z !zmkodop tzknwomt"^fop op ~ h gzhamtze ~fh~ oaypmp pym`o`hkk !zmkodop+ h~fmop~ z fahop~ whkmp hnjmfhwozp mwmzjn+ j~ op m ~fh~ aho~hoph nopo~mzmp~mn oayhz~ohko~ jm~tmm ymykm g noggmzm~ zmkodop z !zmkodop jmkomgp+ p kd hp ~fm hzm ~ fhzaod ~fmzp+ z ~fmzp‟ zodf~phn gzmmnap"
P+ zmkodop yzh`~o`mp p`f hp ~fm tmhzod g zmkodop nzmpp o yjko` pfkn‟~ mdhdm ~fmp~h~m‟p o~mzmp~p+ tfmzmhp ~fm p~h~m `h o~mzwmmwmz ~fm tmhzod g h jzxh j h zpmz p`fk~mh`fmz+ ~fm dznp g ~fm nhahdm o~ nmp ~`foknzm‟p mn`h~o" Koemtopm+ onowonhk m~fo`hk`fo`mp p`f hp ~fm nm`opo ~ jm hppop~mn omnod m‟p t kogm tfm hjkm ~ n o~ gzmpmkg+ pfkn ~ jm zmdkh~mn ~fm jhpop g ~fmpfhzmn am~hyfpo`hk jmkomgp g `mz~ho dzyodpo p`om~+ jm ~fm h ahczo~ z aozo~" Zh~fmz+~fm oppmp pfkn jm nm`onmn ~fm dznp g onowonhk gzmmna hn nodo~"
O ah thp+ tm o Jzo~ho fhwm ghz gzah dmomk pm`khz p~h~m+ p~okk aho~hood ~fmamnomwhk zjjkm g h mp~hjkopfmn `fz`f to~f``ao~h~ kmdhk nop`zoaoh~o ~fh~ podo`h~k nophnwh~hdmp !@fzop~ohp ‐ gz mvhaykm o~fm maykam~ hn hnaoppop yko`omp g p~h~m!gnmn zmkodop p`fkp" Hn ~fm cp~omnyzowokmdm p~okk fmkn j ~fm @fz`f g Mdkhn oz nowmzpm p`om~ op `kmhzk nmap~zh~mn j ~fm yzmpm`m o z yhzkoham~ g :7 am gzah zmkodo tfpm h`~owm hnfmzm~p hzm h aozo~ o ~fm yykh~o" H dn m~fo`hk ~mp~ gz ~fm
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
Flt oaylz~hb~ hzm m~fo`p ob
l}z clj<
A tze op hkk hj~
`hayhodod gz h m~fo`hk
gzhamtze gz fah zodf~p"
Ymykm pam~oamp ~foe
fah zodf~p op cp~ hj~
khtmzp z dwmzam~p j~ o~
op‟~+ o~‟p hj~ mwmz m g p
hp tmkk" P O ~foe o~‟p o`zmnojk
oayz~h~ ~fh~ hp h ahhdmz+
hp h `kkmhdm+ hp h a~fmz+ hp h
gzomn+ cp~ hp h fah jmod+
~fh~ O kowm y ~ yzo`oykmp g
o~mdzo~ hn ~ fodf m~fo`hk
p~hnhznp mwmz nh+ o a
nmhkodp to~f mwmzm O fhwm
~ nmhk to~f"
Opb‟~ ~fh~ h ~mzzojkm yzmpp}zm<
O ~foe g o~ azm hp h donm
~fh hp h yzmppzm" Tm‟wm hkk
d~ k~p g nm`opop ~ ahem
o z kowmp+ hn fhwod h wmz
`kmhz gzhamtze gz ymzphk
m~fo`p ahemp ~fodp mhpomz gz
am+ ~ azm nog`k~"
Tfh~‟p ~fm g}bnhamb~hk `lnm tm
hkk pfl}kn kowm j<
^fm poaykm `nm gz kowod op
mxhk ~zmh~am~" ^fmzm hzm hkk
pz~p g zodf~p hn gzmmnap tm
fhwm hn fkn nmhz ‐ gzmmna
g pymm`f+ yzowh`+ `p`om`m
hn p " Hn ~fm `h‟~
m`mpphzok jm hjpk~m+ j~
tfh~ tm `h ph op ~fh~ h
`fhdmp ~ ~fma fhwm ~ jm
owmzphk" P gz mvhaykm+ ~hem
~fm oppm g jn p`hmzp h~
hozyz~p" _ `h hzdm ~fh~ o~‟p
h owhpo g yzowh` ~ fhwm
~fma+ `h hzdm ~fh~ o~‟p
m`mpphz ~ yzmwm~ ~mzzzopa+
j~ tfh~ `h‟~ hzdm op
~fh~ o~‟p e ~ ayzaopm
pamm‟p yzowh` hn ~
~fmzp"
P o~‟p ~ dod ~ jm e
~ opkh~m `mz~ho pz~p g
yhppmdmzp+ tf ke noggmzm~
ahjm+ hn k pm jn
p`hmzp ~fma" O~‟p hj~
mxhk ~zmh~am~3 og ahem
`ayzaopmp kojmz~omp+
ahem ~fma gz mwmzm+ ~
cp~ gz pam ymykm" ^fh~‟p
yhzha~"
Tfh~ eobn lg m~fo`hk gzhamtlze
non l} dzlt }y to~f<
A yhzm~p hjpk~mk
tmzm‟~ yhz~ g ~fm kojmzhk
jzdmop mko~m ‐ a nhn thp
h jeemmymz+ hn a aa
thp h pfy hppop~h~" J~
~fm hzm ~fdf~gk+ m~fo`hk+
yko~o`hk ymykm tf jmkomwmn
o nop`ppod hn nmjh~od
~fodp+ hn tm hkthp non ~fh~
hp h ghaok" O zmamajmz tfm
O thp hj~ 8: phod ~ a
nhn ~fh~ O ~fdf~ pamm
tf‟n nm pam~fod ~mzzojkm
pfkn dm~ ~fm nmh~f ymhk~+
hn fm phon ~ am3 j~ tfh~ og
tmzm `wo`~mn tzdk g
pam~fod ~mzzojkm+ hn
tmzm dowm ~fm nmh~f ymhk~<
Hn ~fh~ ~~hkk m`ayhppmp
a mppm~ohk yo~ hj~
fah zodf~p3 ‟wm d~ ~
~foe hj~ ft o~ tkn gmmk og
tmzm ~fm ymzp hggm`~mn j
~fm gzhamtze ‟zm y~~od
o~ ykh`m"
Flt non l} zmh`~ ~l ~fm AYp‟
mvymbpmp p~lz+ hbn ~l ~fm
jhbeobd `zhpf<
To~f j~f ~fmpm p~zomp+ ymykm
`kn hzdm ~fh~ pam~fod
thp to~fo ~fm zkmp+ p o~ thp
e ~ n o~" J~ ~fmzm fhp ~ jm
h yzymz m~fo`hk gzhamtze"
Mwm to~f o~+ ~fodp `h p~okk
jzmhe nt z d tzd ‐ j~
to~f~ o~ ~fm jzmhent tokk
jm dzmh~mz+ hn azm pmzop"
PFHAO @FHEZHJHZ^ONOZM@^lZ lG KOJMZ^_
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ lbM • Ft n tm nm`onm z whkmp<
`n`~ g yko~o`ohp gz fahop~p tkn jmft ghz ~fm yzpm h pm`khz anmk g ~fm p~h~m tfm xmp~op g `p~o~~ohk zmgza hzopm"
J~ h pm`khz p~h~m op ~ cp~ h dhk gzfahop~p" O~ `h jm h hpyozh~o gz zmkodopymykm tf h``my~ ~fh~ ~fm ap~ kowm `ymzh~owmk to~f ~fmzp tf n ~ pfhzm ~fmoz jmkomgp" Onmmn+~fm pm`khz p~h~m majnomp h mvym`~h~o ~fh~onowonhk gzmmna kmhnp omwo~hjk ~ nowmzpo~"O~ zm`dopmp ~fh~ ~fm nowmzpm thp g kowod ~fh~zopf o `pmxm`m hzm h yzn`~ g ~fm ymp`om~‟p whkmp"
^fm p~hnhzn j tfo`f tm cndm z yko~o`ohp‐ h~ kmhp~ o yhz~ ‐ ap~ jm ~ tfh~ mv~m~ ~fm jzod p `kpmz ~ ~fh~ onmhk th g kowod"
Hbnzmt @lyplb op @fomg Mvm`}~owm lg ~fm Jzo~opf F}ahbop~ Hppl`oh~olb
j~ ~zmh~od ~fm ~fodp ~fm p~n hp hkom jcm`~p+~ hp jmodp heo ~ ~fmapmkwmp tfo`f aodf~nmpmzwm zmpym`~ hn ponmzh~o" fm ~o ~fh~fahp df~ ~ fhwm fahm h~~o~nmp ~ ~fm zmp~g zmh~o dm~p pfknmzmn hponm" Nhkopa pzwowmp+hp p`f oahdmp n+ o h johzzm+ m!kmddmn gzahp h howm eon g ah~mzohkopa ‐ h jmkomg o kogmkmpp+ whkmkmpp yfpo`hk ah~~mz to~f~ ~fm `zzmpynod ~o g pyozo~ ~fh~ `m jhkh`mn o~" O~ op htzehjkm jmkomg o h tzkn g jcm`~p to~f~pjcm`~p"
^fop+ tm pfkn zmamajmz+ op cp~ m yppojkmm~fo` had ~fmzp+ ~ pam~fod gz`mn p j mwonm`m" Tm n ~ fhwm ~ ~foe ~fop th" Tfm Champ Kwmk`e o~zn`mn ~fm ~o g Dhoh ! g h kowod mhz~f+ h`~od hp h tfkm ~ yzmpmzwm o~pmkg+ to~fo tfo`f tm hzm cp~ m pahkk mkmam~ ! fm`~ p~zhodf~ h`zpp ~fop kn+ `zo~o`omn th g ~foeod hn ~fzmt ~fm p`om~o` mp~hjkopfam~ o~`oy~op" l~ponm ~fh~ mp~hjkopfam~+ ah g pgn ~fm ~o+ hn hkp ~fm oahdmz g ~fm a~fmz!dnnmpp+ xo~m ykhpojkm hn `wo`od" O~ pyykomnh kd!mmnmn `~mv~+ h jh`edzn ~fh~ mvykhomnfah h`~owo~ hp yhz~ g h khzdmz tfkm+ hn o~non onmmn fhwm pam mggm`~ z h`~op" Hg~mzh ~oam+ ~+ ~fm ~fmz o~pmkg fhp jmm mp~hjkopfmnhp p`om~o`hkk `zzm`~" P`om~op~p+ ftmwmz+ p~okk`hzmgkk hwon pod ~fm ham Dhoh+ ~fp mp`hyod ~fm oahdmz ~fh~ aodf~ `hkk gz h `fhdm g h~~o~nm" Hn mwm gz ~fm zmp~ g p+ ~fh~ oahdmz op ~ mt hn ~ opkh~mn ~ fhwm h~fod koem ~fm gz`m g ~fmfhjo~hk+ h~~mzod fah!`m~zmn wopo ~fh~ fhndzt y gz p kd o z `owokoh~o"
^fh~ wopo tmn yhz~k gza @fzop~oho~ j~ hkp g kh~m+ m~ azm p~zdk+ gza ~fmMkodf~mam~" Azhk h~~o~nmp o ~fm tmp~ fhwm`m~zmn gz p kd zmpym`~ gz onowonhko~ ~fh~ tm fhwm pamtfh~ kp~ ~fm tonmz zmwmzm`m gz hm`kpod tfkm tfo`f op m`mpphz hn h~zhk~ p ah `k~zmp" lz phdmp+ ~+ fhwm g~mnop`zhdmn ~fm pmpm g `foknkoem fmkykmppmpp tfo`f op `wmmn j a~fo`hk dzmp p`f hp Dhoh"^fm zdm p ~ no~`f yhzm~!dzmp hn h`~ hkthp hponmymnm~ hnk~p"
^fm pmpm g onmymnm`m ~fh~ ~fm `hkk gzop+ g `zpm+ o~pmkg m~ h~fmz a~f" O~ `h fmky p tfm tm mmn ~ `zzm`~ wmz!nmymnm`m to~fofah kogm" J~ og o~ ahemp p gzdm~ gz h aam~ft ~~hkk nmymnm~ mh`f g p h`~hkk op+ j~f ~fpm hzn p hn ~fm h~zhk tzkn+ o~ op amzmk pmkkod p nmkpo" ^fm onmhk g onmymnm`m ~fmjm`amp nop~z~mn o ~fm pham th ~fh~ ~fm onmhk g df~od hdhop~ mwok jm`ham nop~z~mn j ~fm ~og ~fm @kn Thz ‐ h jkh`e!hn!tfo~m `o`~ jm~tmm~t `owokoh~op ‐ hn gz zh~fmz poaokhz zmhpp"^fm j~f h~~mz z who~ hn m`zhdm pmkg! tzpfoy" bmo~fmz+ ~fmzmgzm+ op h phjkm jhpop gz zm~fo`p+ hn `mz~hok ~ gz mwozam~hk m~fo`p"
Ahz Aondkm op h alzhk yfoklplyfmz hbn h}~flz lg ahb jllep ob`k}nobd Jmhp~ hbn Ahb hbn Mwlk}~olb hp Zmkodolb+ y}jkopfmn hp Zl}~kmndm @khppo`p+ hbn Mhz~f Zmhkopa3 fm Amhbobd lg Dhoh &Oayzob~ H`hnmao`/
@~mayzhz m~fo`p hzm o ~fzhkk ~ h~anmn tzkn womt+ m ~fh~ pmmp p hpnm~h`fmn gza ~fm h~zhk tzkn+ ~ hpyhz~ g o~" Ahz Aondkm tnmzp tf
n a~hkeobd ylob~p
Tm hzm p pmn ~ `mowod g zpmkwmp hp h~ ~fm`m~zm g ~fm h~zhk tzkn" Mwm og tm n‟~ th~~ ~foe ~fh~ th+ tm tmzm khzdmk jzdf~ y ~ pmm~fm fah zh`m hp h ah o `fhzdm g h ah`fom ‐ahjm nzowod h `ajom fhzwmp~mz< ‐ pamm gz tfa ~fm zy ~fh~ fm zmhyp+ hn ~fm khnp`hymzn o~+ hzm poayk pm~p g gz~fmz am`fhopap+mv~mpop g fop ah`fom+ hkk pyykomn ~ amm~ fopmmnp" fop mvykhop tf @ymfhdm fhp jmmp`f h h~hp~zyfm" O~ kmhnp mo~fmz ~ nmohk+ hn~fm nog`k~ g h``my~od ~fm gh`~p hj~ koah~m`fhdm+ z ~ h nmpozm ~ yp~ym ~fm oayko`h~op+‖Kzn+ ahem am dzmm j~ ~ m~"‟
^fm wopo op z~mn o h ~nh~mn+ pmwm~mm~f!`m~z am`fhopa hn nhkopa ‐ h ~o g zpmkwmp hp nm~h`fmn+ pyozo~hk jmodp+ pm`zmk jhpmn ~ponm h omz~+ yhppowm ah~mzohk tzkn+tod o~ hn gzmm ~ pfhym o~ gz z t yzypmp"^fop h~~o~nm p~okk p~zoemp p hp p`om~o` jm`hpm+ tfm o~ zp~ hzpm+ o~ ~~mn tmkk to~f ~fm p`om`mg ~fm ~oam" Tfh~ op pzyzopod op ft p~zdk o~ymzpop~p+ mwm ~fdf p`om`m t ~mkkp p h xo~mnoggmzm~ p~z" O ~fmz+ ap~ g p t jmkomwm~fh~ faho~ op ~ cp~ h hkom pyozo~hk ~zojm`kopod ~fm ah~mzohk tzkn j~ h dmom yhz~ g o~+ h~zhkk mwkwmn fmzm+ m wo`m had ~fmzp o~fm dzmh~ fzp g mhz~fk kogm"
_m~+ ~ h mv~zhznohz mv~m~+ ~fm nhkop~p‟`~may~p+ nop~h`od th g oahdood h~zmp~okk fknp pth" P`om~op~p hzm yzgmppohkk mvym`~mn ~ jm ‖jcm`~owm‟ ! ~ cp~ oayhz~ohk+
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
Gmjz}hzy :989
Pam ph ~fh~ ~fm zm`m~ h`ohk `zopop fhpyzay~mn h gnham~hk pfog~ o h~~o~nmp ~thznp tmhk~f `zmh~o" O‟a ~ p pzm" Tfh~ fhp `amnmz zm o zm`m~ a~fp op k ~fm ah`fomz g `hyo~hkopa+ ~ o~p zhop n‟m~zm" Dzt~f zmahop~fm `m~zmyom`m g h~ohk yko`" Hg~mz hkk+ o~ op h``~ g ~fmoz ytmz ~ zm~hzn dzt~f ~fh~ ~fmjhep hzm jmod jzdf~ ~ fmmk" lz mnp zmaho~fm pham5 nmjh~m g`pmp k ~fm amhp"
Ft p~zhdm z po~h~o tkn fhwmhyymhzmn ~ Emmp z Aokk" ^fm hppamn ~fh~m`ao` dzt~f thp h yz`mpp to~f h ~mkp+ hmn+ hn ~fh~ fhwod zmh`fmn ~fop mn+ o~ tkn`am h fhk~" ^fh~ o~ aodf~ d gz mwmz tkn fhwmpmmamn ~ ~fma h fzzon cem" lz ypo~o op heo~ ~fh~ g ~fm yod ghzamz nmp`zojmn j yfokpyfmzNhwon Toddop+ tfpm k jcm`~ o kogm thp ~ j
azm khn ~ dzt azm `zyp ~ gmmn azm yodp+~ j azm khn ~ dzt azm `zyp ~ gmmn azmyodp ‧ hn p + hn oo~a"
P a xmp~o op ~fop3 `h tm ~nh zmwowmEmmp‟ onmh g m`ao` dzt~f hp h yz`mpp to~fh mn< @h tm nmm h p~h~m g ‖pg`om`‟+ hp~h~m o tfo`f tm aodf~ jm phon ~ fhwm ‖mdf‟<lz hzm hkk p`f ~op fymkmppk `gpmn<
Nmhz MnthznO pfhzm z nopxom~ to~f ~fm onmh g mnod dzt~f" J~ ~fm ``my~ g pg`om` op h fhznm ~ y~ wmz ~ m`aop~p ~nh+ jm`hpm o~ opfmkn ~ zmp~ y h ‖am~hyfpo`hk‟ &hn ~fmzmgzmpyzop/ ~o g ‖zmhk mmnp‟" Emmp
Nmhz Zjmz~N zmamajmz pmnod am+ tfm O thp h~p`fk+ ~fh~ `fhzaod mpph j Emmp+ M`ao`Yppojoko~omp gz z Dzhn`foknzm< O zmhn o~ hdho~fm ~fmz nh to~f zmmtmn hnaozh~o" Tzo~~mo 8?09+ o ~fm nmy~fp g ~fm Nmyzmppo+ o~p podf~phzm vmn h nop~h~+ fhyy g~zm" O 899 mhzp+yzmno`~p Emmp+ kowod p~hnhznp tokk fhwm zopmgz ~ modf~ ~oamp" ^fm m`ao` yzjkma hp tmet o~ tokk jm pkwmn5 tze tokk jm h hapod yhp~oam5 hn ~fm Dzhndzonp g ~fm tzkn tokk omkn~fmoz ykh`m ~ ~fpm ‖nmkodf~gk ymykm tf hzm`hyhjkm g ~heod nozm`~ mcam~ o ~fodp+ ~fmkokomp g ~fm mkn tf ~ok ~+ mo~fmz n ~fm pyo‟"
Emmp‟ tznp hzm hajh~k fop t+ j~~fm ~fdf~ jmfon ~fma op `aa ~ ah g ~fm dzmh~ `khppo`hk m`aop~p" Cf P~hz~ Aokkjmahmn ~fm ‖~zhaykod+ zpfod+ mkjtod hn~zmhnod mh`f ~fmz‟p fmmkp+ tfo`f gza ~fmmvop~od ~ym g p`ohk kogm‟+ hn kemn gzthznp~ h tzkn o tfo`f ‖tfokm m op yz+ mnmpozmp ~ jm zo`fmz‟" Ahzv yo`~zmn ~fm `o~omp g fop ~yoh f~od o ~fm azod+ pfod o ~fmhg~mz+ hn nop`ppod ym~z hg~mz nomz" ^fmkhp~ ~jzp~ g p`f m~fpohpa thp o ~fm pov~omp" To~f hkk zmhk ah~mzohk th~p t ph~opmn+ hzdmnyfokpyfmz Fmzjmz~ Ahz`pm+ z pzykp mmzdomppfkn jm `fhmkkmn o~ ykh+ ~ tze" Fop foyy gkktmzp y~ o~ azm p``o`~k3 ‖^z + ~m o+nzy ~"‟
^zod gza ~fmpm fhyy wopop ~ z`zzm~ po~h~o+ o~‟p fhzn ~ ~ gmmk h pmpm g h~o`koahv" Emmp‟ yzaopm+ koem ~fh~ g ~fm mwokdmom o ~fm ghoz ~hkm+ fhp j~f `am ~zm hn ~`am ~zm" Tm hzm onmmn gz ~oamp zo`fmz ~fh tm tmzm o 8?09+ j~ ~fm `zpm g Hnha op p~okk wmz a`f y p" Hg~mz h pkodf~ ghkk o ~fm aonnkmg khp~ `m~z+ tzeod fzp o Jzo~ho hn Hamzo`h hzm ~fm zopm hdho+ mpym`ohkk had yzgmppohkp" ^fm hz~p g kowod fhwm nm`hmn"Kmopzm fhp `am ~ podog h amzm o~mzzy~og ~fm tze ``km+ h o~mzknm g `pay~oz noppoyh~o" O pam `oz`kmp+ o~ fhp amzdmn to~f tze m~ozmk" Yhz~omp hzm h yyz~o~ ~‖m~tze‟+ fkonhp ~ ‖zmgmk‟" lz kowmp hzm hpyzypowm hp mwmz+ m~ to~f~ k~oah~m yzypm"
Ob^MZK}NM
Tfh~ tkn ~fm m`aop~ Cf AhhznEmmp ahem g ~fm p~h~m tm‟zm o< Tm hpemn yfokpyfmz Mnthzn Peonmkpe ~ yzmpp Emmp‟ jodzhyfmz+ fop gh~fmzZjmz~+ tfh~ ~fm dzmh~ ah aodf~ ph
‖O pam oz`kmp+ kmopzm fhpamzdmn to~f tze m~ozmk" Yhz~omphzm h yyz~o~ ~ m~tze+fkonhp ~ zmgmk" lz kowmp hzmhp yzypowm hp mwmz+ m~ to~f~k~oah~m yzypm‟
ZlJmZ~ hbn mnthZn peonmkpe
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
Gmjz}hzy :989
hjpk~m o ~fm pmpm ~fh~ tm gmmk ~fma tfh~mwmz~fm po~h~o g z gmkkt fah jmodp ah jm+hn ~fpm tfo`f hzm zmkh~owm o ~fm pmpm ~fh~ tmgmmk ~fma k og ~fmoz ph~opgh`~o kog~p p hjwm+ahemp p gmmk pymzoz ~+ z gmkktp‟" Hjpk~mmmnp ah tmkk jm ph~ohjkm+ j~ zmkh~owm mmnphzm `kmhzk ~+ gz ~fm o`zmhpm o kom to~f ~fmdmmzhk kmwmk" O th~ h Chdhz ~ cp~ jm`hpm o~ oph o~zopo`hkk m `hz j~ jm`hpm o~p yppmppoy~p am hfmhn g a ymmzp" Og ~fm hkk tmn Chdhzp+ O tkn mmn h Zkkp" ^fm dzhpp op hkthpdzmmmz ~fm ~fmz ponm"
Emmp zhopmp ~fop pym`~zm k ~ kh o~ hponm"Ymzfhyp fm `ponmzmn zmkh~owm mmnp ~zowohk`ayhzmn ~ hjpk~m mmnp" J~ o ~fm anmz tmp~+ ~fm jke g `pamz mvymno~zm op o~map ~fh~ hzm ~ m`mpphz o h hjpk~m pmpm+j~ pmzwm amzmk ~ mkmwh~m ~fmoz yppmppz hjwm~fmzp" ^fm mmn ~ ‖emmy y to~f ~fm Cmp‟p‟ op gmk~j mwm ~fm yzmp~ o z p`om~" ^y mvm`~owmp~hke g ‖~fm dknm `hdm‟" Tm hzm koem dmzjokp ~zhyymno h mnkmppk zmwkwod tfmmk" Og dzt~f amzmk pmzwmp ~ ok ~fop tfmmk+ tfh~ yppojkm cp~o`h~o`h o~ fhwm<
Nmhz Zjmz~_z zmahzep oph~ohjoko~ y~ am o aon g Hzop~~km+ tfa O thp ~mh`fod ~ a p~nm~pkhp~ ~mza" Fm nmzp~n wmz tmkk ~fm yp`fkd g hwhzo`m+ g mpkhwmam~ ~ mnkmpp+ yo~kmpph``akh~o" ‖Hkk dm~~mzp g tmhk~f o`zmhpm~fmoz fhzn g `o to~f~ koao~"‟ ^fm dzmh~noggmzm`m jm~tmm Hzop~~km hn p op ~fh~ gz foaoph~ohjoko~ thp h yh~fkd+ ~ h zahk p~h~m g hgghozp" ^ jhpm h m~ozm m`a ~fm yzo`oykmg ‖hkthp azm‟ tkn fhwm p~z`e foa hp opho~"
Hzop~~km `~zhp~mn h``akh~o o ~fm jhn+
koao~kmpp pmpm to~f ~fm jkm hz~ g fpjhnz+ tfpm dhk op p~zo`~k o~m" Tm pfkn p~zowm ~h`xozm p`f o~map hp hzm m`mpphz gz h ‖dn kogm‟‐ h kogm yzymz ~ `zmh~zmp p`f hp zpmkwmp ‐ hn azm" Hzop~~km‟p dn kogm op ~ mvh`~k ~ z~hp~m" Fop onmhk thp h yh~zohz`fhk+ pkhwm!fknod `o~!p~h~m+ tfmzm `k~zmn dm~kmam yhppmn ~fmoz~oam o yfokpyf hn yko~o`hk nmkojmzh~o" J~~fm azm dmmzhk ~o ~fh~ h `mz~ho th g kogm opo~zopo`hkk nmpozhjkm+ to~f tmhk~f p~zo`~k h amhp~fmzm~+ op mzapk hyymhkod" Mwmz dzmh~ tzkn `owokoph~o+ z t mv`my~mn+ fhp fmkn
‖^ ~ to~f h pfhzy eogm h jzodf~dzmm th~mzamk h jod p`hzkm~ykh~m g h paamz hg~mz+‟ tz~m ~fm Xod Nhp~ p`fkhz@fo Pfmd~‟h" ‖Hf+ op ~fop ~fhyyompp<‟‟
fhn xhkap ~fop p`zm+ jm`hpm fm womtmn m`ao`p hp h azhk p`om`m+ h yzh`~o`hkhyyko`h~o g ~fm m~fo`p fm fhn kmhz~ gza D"M"Azm" Fm emt ‐ j ‖o~o~o‟+ fm tkn fhwmphon ‐ ft a`f ymykm zmhkk mmnmn" J~ gzah anmz ymzpym`~owm+ fm thp poayk zmfhpfod ~fm pjjopf onmhkp g fop Jkapjz gzomnp"Zmamajmz Wozdooh Tkg‟p ghap `khoa ~fh~=99 h mhz hn h za g m‟p t op hkk h tzo~mzzmxozmp" Emmp tkn fhwm hdzmmn to~f ~fmpm~oam~+ yzjhjk ~fm dzm ~+ og ~zhpkh~mno~ anmz am"
Ftmwmz+ Emmp hkp fhn tfh~ fm ~fdf~ tmzm dn m`ao` zmhpp gz jmkomwod ~fh~
dzt~f ap~ `am ~ h mn" ^fm em komp o~fm ghap kht g noaoopfod ahzdohk ~oko~"Ko~~km Fhzz‟p zp~ ~mnn jmhz op h yzm nmkodf~+ foppm`n pamtfh~ kmpp p+ hn fop 89~f dowmp foa ykmhpzm h~ hkk" ^fop ghaokohz jpmzwh~o `hjm dmmzhkopmn3 h dn+ ~hem o~ j o~+ omknpyzdzmppowmk kmpp ~oko~" Koem ap~ m`aop~pg fop nh+ Emmp hyykomn ~fm kht g noaoopfod ahzdohk ~oko~ ~ cp~ ~ onowonhk dnp j~ ~dnp hp h tfkm+ ``knod ~fh~ dzt~f hp p`fap~ mwm~hkk km ~" ^fmzm tokk `am h yo~+hp fm y~p o~+ tfm ‖mmnp hzm ph~opmn o ~fm pmpm~fh~ tm yzmgmz ~ nmw~m z gz~fmz mmzdomp ~ !m`ao` yzypmp‟" Zodzp hzdam~ nmzkh ~fm yzyfm` g ‖m`ao` jkopp‟"
M`aop~p ~nh hzm kdmz `wo`mnj ~fop hzdam~" ^fm kht g noaoopfod ahzdohk ~oko~ aodf~ ahem pmpm og hyykomn ~~fm `pay~o g mvop~od dnp h~ h podkmaam~ o ~oam+ j~ o~ ghkkp ~ yom`mp og m ~zomp~ hyyk o~ ~ mt z noggmzm~ dnp hp ~fm hzmzkkmn ~ j ~fm yzn`~o ah`fom wmz ~oam"Po`m ~fmzm op woz~hkk koao~mn yyz~o~ gzhnnod ~ p`f yzn`~p+ ~fm zdm` g th~p gzonowonhkp+ hn gz p`om~ hp h tfkm+ zmahopnoaoopfmn" ^fmzm op zmhp ~ yp~kh~m hhk p~h~m g ph~om~" Emmp dzmh~k nmzmp~oah~mn~m`fkdo`hk yzdzmpp" Fm hkp nmzmp~oah~mn~fm ytmz g hnwmz~opod ~ `zmh~m th~p+ hn+ g `zpm+ ~fm mv~m~ ~ tfo`f z m`a tkn jmnaoh~mn j ~fm hnwmz~opod onp~z"
J~ ~fmzm op h p~okk azm gnham~hk yzjkma to~f ~fm onmh g h mn ~ dzt~f ‐ m tfo`f opfo~mn h~ j Emmp foapmkg o h ~yo`hkk gmz~okmhponm" Fah mmnp+ fm ~mp o M`ao`Yppojoko~omp+ ghkk o~ ~t `khppmp ‐ ‖~fpm tfo`f hzm
Ob^MZK}NM
‖^y mvm`~owmp ~hke g ~fm ‖dknm`hdm‟" Tm hzm koem dmzjokp ~zhyymno h mnkmppk zmwkwod tfmmk"Og dzt~f pmzwmp amzmk ~ ok ~fop tfmmk+ tfh~ yppojkm cp~o`h~o`h o~ fhwm<‟
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
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yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
Gmjz}hzy :989
h`xozmn h ham3 ntpood" Ahdhomp p`fhp ~fm Onkmz hzm nmw~mn ~ o~" J~ O fhwm koao~mngho~f o ~fm ytmz g onowonhk oo~oh~owm ~ dm~ pgg ~fm dzt~f ~zmhnaokk" Gz p`ohk hoahkp p`fhp zpmkwmp+ ~fm dn kogm op h kogm pfhzmn to~f~fmzp5 o~ oaykomp `aa op~o~~op+ `aayzh`~o`mp+ `aa p~hnhznp g cndmam~p" O~op fhzn ~ ntpom og z ymmzp hzm hkk ypood"_z yzmwopk pfhzmn hapmam~p tokk jm`am
jmn z y`em~5 ap~ jm p~zd!tokkmnonmmn ~ ~ ghkk yzm ~ zmpm~am~" ^fm @fzop~ohonmhk g jkm ywmz~ fhp azm z kmpp whopfmngza z p`om~" Hkk ~fm o`m~owmp ypf ythznp+~ ntthznp"
^fop op tfmzm ~fm p~h~m `h ykh h zkm+ j `zmh~od `no~op o tfo`f onmhkp g poaykm kowod aodf~ dho pam ~zh`~o" lm oaamnoh~m ~hzdm~pfkn jm omxhko~+ tfo`f fhp zopm p~mhnok po`m ~fm 8?69p" Omxhko~ op ~fm mdom ~fh~ nzowmp~fm dzt~f ~zmhnaokk" Tfmzm ~fm zo`f hzm hjkm~ p`ym y ~fm jmp~ ~fodp o kogm ‐ ~y p`fkp+~y zmhk mp~h~m+ ~y fkonh zmpz~p ‐ ~fm p~zddkm~ co ~fmoz zhep jm`amp gmz`op+ mdh~od a`f g ~fm `owokopod mggm`~ g hgm`m" H azmp~zmpk zmnop~zoj~owm ~hv yko` tkn fmky" H~fmz yzaopod amhpzm tkn jm ~ dzh~ hkkhnk~p h `no~ohk jhpo` o`am+ kmhwod o~~ ~fma ~ nm`onm ft a`f ~ tze" ^fop tknahem yhz~!~oam tze h wohjkm y~o gz ah+hn `kn mhpok jm hggznmn j zo`f p`om~omp"Kmpp nzhp~o` amhpzmp aodf~ o`knm ~fm zmwowhkg pay~hz khtp ‐ ~hvmp kvz hz~o`kmp ‐ hnmv~mnod mvop~od koao~p hnwmz~opod" Pamg ~fmpm amhpzmp `kmhzk owkwm ~fm fmzmp g yh~mzhkopa" ‖Tf hzm ~ nm`onm+‟ tm `h fmhz wo`mp zopm o yz~mp~+ ‖tfh~ op h kvz hn tfh~ op~<‟ J~ ~fh~ op h jkkm~ O ha fhyy ~ jo~m"
Zljmz~ Peonmkpe op Mamzo~}p Yzlgmpplz lg Ylko~o`hk M`lbla h~ Thzto`e ]bowmzpo~" Fop kh~mp~ jlle op Embmp3 fm Zm~}zb lg ~fm Ahp~mz &Ymbd}ob Hkkmb Khbm/
Mnthzn Peonmkpe op Km`~}zmz ob Yfoklplyf h~ Mvm~mz ]bowmzpo~" Fm op ~fm h}~flz lg Mzbp~ @hppozmz3 fm Khp~ Yfoklplyfmz lg @}k~}zm &Yzob`m~lb ]bowmzpo~ Yzmpp/+hbn op Zljmz~‟p plb
‖H yzaopod amhpzm tkn jm~ dzh~ hkk hnk~p h jhpo` o`am+kmhwod o~ ~ ~fma ~ nm`onm ft a`f ~ tze" ^fop tkn ahemyhz~!~oam tze wohjkm gz ah‟
pam~fod koem o~" Amnomwhk aep+ @g`ohahnhzop hn Jnnfop~ phdmp hkk mkhjzh~mnonmhkp g kogm zhdod gza ~fm hp~mzmk hp`m~o` ~~fm kp`opk hmp~fm~o`" ‖^ `~ to~f h pfhzy eogmh jzodf~ dzmm th~mzamk h jod p`hzkm~ ykh~mg h paamz hg~mz+‟ tz~m ~fm Xod Nhp~ p`fkhz @fo Pfmd~‟h" ‖Hf+ op ~fop ~ fhyyompp<‟
Ft `h tm mvykho ~fm nophyymhzh`m g h p`f wopo gza ~nh‟p p`om~< ^fm hptmz opyhz~k p`okdo`hk" ^fm kn op~o~~ohk jmhzmzpg ~fm onmh g ~fm dn kogm tmzm ~fm @fz`f hn~fm khnmn hzop~`zh` &mwm og ap~ onowonhk`fz`fam hn hzop~`zh~p gmkk kno`zpk pfz~ g ~fm onmhk/" ^fpm op~o~~op fhwm t kp~ hkap~hkk yjko` om`m" ^fm `k~zhk mko~m gza tfo`fEmmp pyzhd fhp jm`am h o~zwmz~mn `~mzom"lz yjko` ~hemp o~p `m gza ^W pftp p`f hp Jod Jz~fmz hn ^fm V!Gh`~z+ tfmzm ~fm hoa op ~ ~n h~fod tmkk j~ poayk ~ ~zoayf wmz ~fmzyhz~o`oyh~p"
^fm dn kogm‟p m`koypm hkp fhp h o~mkkm`~hknoampo" ^fm naoh~ yfokpyfomp g ~fmanmz hdm gzjon p ~ ~foe g h m th g kogm hp o~zopo`hkk azm nmpozhjkm ~fh h ~fmz" Hkk thp g kogm+ opghz hp ~fm hzm gzmmk `fpmhn n ~ wokh~m ~fm zodf~p z o~mzmp~p g ~fmzp+hzm m~fo`hkk h yhz" ^fmzm op p`f ~fod hp ~fmdn kogm+ k h zhdm g ‖ymzaoppojkm kogmp~kmp‟"^fop pm~ g hppay~op op nmmyk m~zm`fmno ~fm m`ao`p yzgmppo+ tfo`f ahemp o~pzyzopod ~fh~ m`aop~p hzm tokkod ~gzakh~m h `zo~mzo g pg`om`" ^ n p tknjm ~ `aao~ ~fm &o ~fmoz mmp/ yhznhjkm pog ‖yh~mzhkopa‟"
^fm nophyymhzh`m g ~fm onmh g ~fm dn kogmmvykhop ~fm o~mpo~ g ypo~ohk `aym~o~oo z p`om~" lg `zpm+ mw fhp hkthp jmmh ytmzgk gz`m o fah hgghozp+ j~ h~ kmhp~o ~fm yhp~ o~ thp fmkn o `fm`e j mxhkk ytmzgk yzfojo~op hn onmhkp" bt ~fh~ ~fpmyzfojo~op hn onmhkp fhwm kp~ ~fmoz dzoy p+ tfh~ `h phwm p gza ~fm zh~ zh`m ~fh~ pnzk ~kom<
Nmhz Mnthzn+O ~foe z ymppoaopa op ~ dkjhk" _‟zmzodf~ ~fh~ ~fm aho `zzm~p g ~fm khp~ `m~z ghokmn ~ y~ h `fm`e dzt~f+ j~ tm‟wm pmm~fm mamzdm`m g ytmzgk `~mz`zzm~p+ap~ ~hjk ~fm dzmm awmam~" Anmzmwozam~hkopa ah pymhe ~fm ~oko~hzohkhdhdm g pp~hohjoko~+ j~ o~p nmmymz yhppoop `kmhzk zah~o` hn m~fo`hk" Zppmh op o~ppyozo~hk dzhngh~fmz" Og k mwozam~hkop~p`kn hnao~ ~ p`f hkkmdoh`mp+ op~mhn g fonod jmfon ~fm ahpe g p`om~o` jcm`~owo~" Ghz gza tmhemod ~fmoz ypo~o+ o~ tkn ahem o~ ~fh~a`f azm ymzphpowm hn hyymhkod"
Mwozam~hkopa hponm+ ~fmzm op `kmhzk dztod nopm`fh~am~ to~f pamz`hyo~hkopa" H``my~od h `~ o o`am gz ~fmphem g xhko~ g kogm op `aa mdf ~ fhwm
Ob^MZK}NM
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
PMKG!PMZWObD FHKG^Z}^FP ^ZO@E }P
@hyo~hkopa fhp jmm nmzaomnj h hjpm g ~fm wmz yzo`oykm~fh~ op o~p zmzp~m3 ghozmpp"O~ op mppm~ohk ~fh~ tm zm`khoa ~fmonmh g cp~ zmthznp
em bl~m tokk f}~~lb
Ykh~ zp~ hzdmn ~fm hpm gz yzyz~ohko~ hno~ op ~mkkod ~fh~ cp~o`m o p ah k~zmp oppodomn j h yhoz g p`hkmp" Zm~zoj~o pfknjm yzyz~ohk ~ ~fm `zoam" J~ p pfknzmthzn jm yzyz~ohk ~ z mv~zh mggz~" O~op h gnham~hk yhz~ g fah jmodp‟ fhzn
tozod" fm p`hkmp pajko`hkk nm`khzm ~fh~ cp~o`m opdm~~od z nm hn yzyz~ohk nmpmz~p"
^fm oz op ~fh~ hyo~hkopa og o~ op z yzymzk oph amhp gz ymykm ~ dm~ cp~ ~fh~" Og ~fm hzm h jzok!koh~ m~zmyzmmz z owh~z ~fm o~ op ghoz ~fh~ ~fm pfkn dm~ ~fmoz yzymz nm nmpmz~ hn ahem `pon!mzhjkm og yzyz~ohk yz~p" O gh`~ owm~op hzmmwmz ~fm zmpk~ g m onowonhk kodf~ jkj aam~j~ ~fm `pmxm`m g h k~ g p`ohk hn yjko` o! wmp~am~" ^fp h yzyz~o g ~fm yz~ pfkn d ~~fm p~h~m hp ~hvh~o+ hp o~p nm nmpmz~ gz fhwod `k!km`~owmk owmp~mn o ~fm ogzhp~z`~zm hn `akh~owmp~`e g etkmndm gza tfo`f owm~o nzhtp ‐ ~kmhp~ p o~ h zmymh~ ~fm mvmz`opm gz ~fm mv~ dmmzh!~o" J~ ~fm jod yo~ op ~fh~ jod zmthznp hzm cp~o!hjkm og ~fm hzm o yzyz~o ~ jod mggz~p ‐ jm`hpmjod mggz~ dztp ~fm m`ao` yom gz mwmzm" Yz~op m~fo`hk ~ ~fm mv~m~ o~ op yzyz~oh~m ~ mggz~ hn~ nm ~ dn k`e z pm g jz~m ytmz" ^hvh~o opm~fo`hk ~ ~fm mv~m~ o~ op yzyz~ohk ~ tfh~ ~fm p~h~mfhp kkm`~owmk yzwonmn"
Gmt `hyo~hkop~p ~foe koem ~fop" Op~mhn ~fm koem~ `fhzh`~mzopm ~fmapmkwmp hp onowonhkop~o` f~mzdh~fmzmzp+ jmod hjkm ~ mh~ tfh~ ~fm eokk ‐ hn og ~fm eokk azm ~fh ~fm mv~ ah z tah+ ~fm dm~ ~mh~ azm" A yzymz~ op a t jm`hpm O hn O k fhwm ptmh~mn a jzt ~ dm~ o~5 O fhwm h~a wmzo~ hn `khoa ~ pfhzm o~+ mpym`ohkk j ~fm p~h~m+ opkmdo~oah~m" ^fop op ~fm `k~ g ~fm owmp~am~ jhemzz h`ohk ~zhnmz ~ ~ `~ ~fm mv~ jod nmhk z jm hhpm`n ghp~mz ~fh fop z fmz `aym~o~z ~ j z pmkk pam h`ohk op~zam~" O~ op k ghoz+ ~fm hzdm+ ~fh~ fhkg h jhe‟p zmwmmp pfkn dm~ yhon~ o jpmp hg~mz mh`f mhz‟p ~zhnod" ^fm f~mzdh~fmzmzp fhwm ~ nowonm ~fm eokk `m h mhz ‐ hn ~fm
hhk jp gmp~ op h eon g yzoao~owm `mkmjzh~og ~fmoz yztmpp"
J~ ~ mwm f~mz dh~fmzmzp f~mn hkm5 ~fm tzemn o yh`ep hn ~mhap" Hn tm hkp et ~fh~ ~fm xo`ek tzemn ~ ~fm zkm g k`e o jmod p``mpp!gk" ^fm aodf~ ~ n hoahkp ~ eokk+ ~ jm`hpm~fm tmzm ~ dn f~mzp j~ jm`hpm h``~hjk ~fmzm tmzm hoahkp ~ eokk" J~ og ~fm zm~zmn ~ ~fm`hwm may~ fhnmn ~fm tkn mvym`~ ~ pfhzm o pam~fmz f~mzp‟ eokk" @!ymzh~o hn h ghoz fhn ~g ~fm pyokp thp h mppm~ohk yhz~ g ~fm f~mz dh~f!mzmzp‟ mvop~m`m ‐ og k gz pzwowhk‟p phem"
^fm yzoao~owmp emt ~fh~ og n‟~ z h m`!a hn p`om~ ghozk+ o~ xo`ek jm`amp npg`~ohk+j~ ~fop op ~ yhz~ g ~nh‟p jhemz tzknwomt z `k!~zm" Kkn Jkhegmo+ @Ml g Dknah Ph`fp+ nmgmnp~fm hp~opfod mhzodp fm hn fop `kkmhdmp+ hkd to~f ~fmz owmp~am~ jhemzp+ ahem hp Dn‟p tze"^fm kdo` op ~fh~ p`om~ mmnp zope!~heod jhemzp ~dmmzh~m zmno~ tp+ h`m m~zmyzmmzohk m~mz!yzopm hn dmmzhkk dzt ~fm m`ao` yom gz hkk" Tmpfkn jm dzh~mgk ~fh~ ~fm fhwm d~ jh`e ~fmoz gmm~p xo`ek5 hn dzh~mgk ~fh~ ~fm hzm yzpymzod" P o~oam tokk hkk g p" Og ~fm ahem ghjkp zm~zp ~fh~op yzyz~ohk ~ ~fmoz mggz~ hn `~zoj~o ‐ cp~hp g~jhkk p~hzp ahem ghjkp zm~zp"
fop pm~ g yzypo~op+ gz p kd !`~mp~mn+ op h pmzomp g pmkg!pmzwod fhkg ~z~fp" Tf hzm jhemzp hjkm ~ dm~ p a`fazm zmthzn gz ~fmoz yzyz~ohk hnmv~zh mggz~ ~fh h ~fmz yzgmppo z``yh~o< Op ~fm m`ao` whkm hnnmn
o aheod h kh+ jod h pfhzm z pm`zo~opod ho`am p~zmha p a`f dzmh~mz ~fh joknod h cm~mdom+ `zmh~od h kogm!phwod nzd z tzo~od h ~zhp!gzah~z yom`m g mt pg~thzm< Ymykm tze fhzn oah thkep g kogm hn `h~ nzmha g mhzod tfh~h jhemz mhzp" Azmwmz ~fm ~zhnod o am op ~p a`f azm whkhjkm ~fh h ~fmz gza g m`!ao` h`~owo~ ~fh~ o~ nmpmzwmp p`f yzowokmdmp" ^fop op~ Dn‟p tze" O~ op h kn!ghpfomn zoddmn ahzem~j h j`f g pahz~ oponmzp tf fhwm ahhdmn ~ dm~hth to~f o~ gz nm`hnmp jm`hpm fhzn xmp~op tmzmmwmz hpemn hj~ ghozmpp z yzyz~ohko~" Hn ~hnn opk~ ~ ocz+ tfm ~fm pe gmkk o tfh~ thp hdodh~o` Yso p`fmam o~ thp dwmzam~p+ jh`emn j znohz ~hv!yhmzp+ ~fh~ kh`fmn h jhok ~ ~ phwm ~fmm`a ‐ j~ o ~fm yz`mpp hkp jhemzp"
lg zpm o~mkkm`~hk aop~hemp tmzm ahnm hj~zope ahhdmam~ ~m`foxmp" Hppay~op tmzm
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
‖Yz~ op m~fo`hk ~ ~fm mv~m~ o~ opyzyz~oh~m ~ mggz~ hn ~nm ~ dn k`e z jz~m ytmz‟
ahnm hj~ m`ao` jmfhwoz ~fh~ yzwmn tfkk tzd" J~ h~ ~fm fmhz~ g ~fm h`ohk `zopop ‐ hn~fm `zo~o`opa g ~fm zm`wmz ‐ kh nopzmdhzn gz ghoz!mpp" ^fm jhemzp `hp~ ~fmapmkwmp hp f~mz dh~fmz!mzp tf tmn ~fod ~ hjn hn `kn mh~ tfh~~fm eokkmn hzmkmpp g ~azzt" Jhep zh nt ~fm`hyo~hk h~ ~fm zm g ~fmoz jhkh`m pfmm~p+ ~ zmykm!opfod hn hnnod ~ o~ ‐ j~ yhod o~ ~ o nowonmnphn jpmp" Og ~fm fhn yhon ~ cp~ :9 ymz `m~ kmpp+`hk`kh~mp ~fm Jhe g Mdkhn+ jm~tmm :999 hn :994~fm tkn fhwm zmpmzwmn azm ~fh ~fm p~h~m yhon ~o jhok!~ hyo~hk"
h`zmno~ nmghk~ pthy+ hkkmdmnk opzod hpm`zo~ gza ~fm zope g nmghk~+ op ~ hghoz ~zhph`~o og ~fm opzmz fhp onmhhj~ ~fm pm`zo~‟p zmno~tz~fompp hnop nod azm ~fh oppod nnp hjm~" H jhe op ~ ghoz og o~ pmkkp h jmz h
hppm~ tfpm yzaopm ~ yh o~mzmp~ `h~ jm am~ jm!`hpm o~ nmymnp y pj!yzoam az~dhdmp" O~ op ~ghoz ~ jm~ znohz nmypo~zp‟ phwodp dhajkod o~fm nmzowh~owm ahzem~p" O~ op ~ ghoz ~ yzmpp gz zkmp~ jm `fhdmn ~ hkkt hkk ~fop+ etod ~fh~ ~fm p~h~m tokk yo`e y ~fm ~hj tfm+ hn og+ ~fodp d tzd" O~op ~ ghoz ~ yh p`f fodf jpmp etod ~fh~ ~fmjhe op jm`aod zopeomz hn zopeomz" Hn o~ op ~ ghoz~ yh p`f fodf jpmp o zm`wmz tfm ~fm tfkmpp~ma fhp k pzwowmn `z~mp g ~fm ~hv!yhmz ‐fhznk nm nmpmz~ gz nop`zm~ohz mggz~"
Jhemzp nmzp~n m g ~fop ~fm+ hn ko~~kmg o~ t" ^fm fhwm h ~o mhz ~ ghozmpp" J~ ~fh~ thp~fm `pmxm`m g hkktod ahzem~p ~ jm hp zoddmnhn cmzzahnmzmn hp ~fm h`ohk ahzem~p fhwm jmm‐ to~f kmwmzhdm `hyp+ zkmp nmzowh~owm ~zhnod+mhpok `oz`awm~mn zkmp `hyo~hk hn h h~fod!dmp h~~o~nm ~ h`ohk ~zhnod" @hyo~hkopa thp zhjpod hkk ~fm yzo`oykmp g ghozmpp" Tfm hwm ntmkk!mzp tmzm ghoz+ ~fm nomn" Tfm hyo~hkopa op ghoz+ tm fhwm h`ohk zhpfmp" M~fo`p hn cp~o`m+ o~ ~zp~+ hzm ~fm onopymphjkm whkmp ~ nmzyo p``mpp!gk hyo~hkopa"
Tokk F}~~lb op Mvm`}~owm Wo`m @fhoz lg ~fm Tlze Gl}bnh~olb hbn h lk}abop~ glz ~fm Ljpmzwmz" Fop bmtjlle fma hbn ]p &Ko~~km+ Jzltb/ op y}jkopfmn ob ~fmh}~}ab
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
FlT PFHZMFlKNMZ WHK}M ^llE lWMZ
M`ao` gnham~hkopa fhp`ztnmn ~ hk~mzh~owm thp g ~foeod+ kmhwod p`h~ za gzp`ohk ponmzh~op
e m b l ~ m hno~h `fheZhJlZ~~
h~ ~fm nht g ~fm ^fh~`fmz zmwk~o+zodf~!tod m`aop~p jmdh pod hpfz~ yfzhpm ~fh~ thp wmz kd oayh`~"^fm ~hkemn hj~ `ztnod ~+ h po~!h~o o tfo`f h gzmm!pymnod dwmz!am~ p`ep y am hn tzemzp ~fh~
tkn ~fmztopm fhwm jmm h~ ~fm nopyphk g ~fm yzo! wh~m pm`~z" O~ thp h ~mza ~fh~ o`mk paamn y ~fmpfzoe!~fm!p~h~m hzdam~ hn o~ `~omp ~ m`f o`~mayzhz yko~o`hk nmjh~m" Tfm Nhwon @hamzphp+ ‖^fmzm op p`f h ~fod hp p`om~+ o~‟p cp~ ~ ~fmpham hp ~fm p~h~m‟+ fm op &yzjhjk p`opk/ pod ~fm zfm~zo` g ztnod ~"
^fmzm hzm+ ~ jm fmp~+ ah yzjkmap to~f ~fh~m`ao` hzdam~ j~+ 09 mhzp o~ ~fm mzh g gzmm!ahzem~ gnham~hkopa+ o~‟p wmz fmkygk gz nod m~fod3 nmp`zojod ~fm nhdmzp naoh`m g m`!ao`p o~pmkg" Tfm o~ `amp ~ aheod yjko` yko` z zod jpomppmp+ m`ao`p ‐ hn h hzzt+ !h`mn m`ao`p h~ ~fh~ ‐ fhp `ztnmn ~ ~fmz thp g ~foeod"
@ztnod ~ fhp fhyymmn owmzpo~ `hayp!mp+ tfmzm m`ao`p op kdmz cp~ m p`ohk p`om`mhad ah j~ fhp dzhjjmn khn gg ~fm ~fmzp" Ha!jo~op h`hnmao`p odzm ~fm jzmhn!hn!j~~mz p~n!omp g ft m`aomp tze+ j~ pm m`ao` ~foe!od ~ hppmz~ &hp bjmk khzmh~m Dhz Jm`emz nmp/ ~fh~ghaokomp fhwm `foknzm yhz~k gz h`ohk zmhpp+ ph+z &hp Gzmheaop~ P~mwm Kmwo~~ nmp/ ~fh~ Hamzo!`h tam koem ~ nhjjkm o yzp~o~~o og o~ `h jmahnm tz~f ~fmoz tfokm" @ztnod ~ fhp fhyymmno Hamzo`h `z~p+ tfmzm cndmp t ~yo`hkk ~hemmgz`od m`ao` mg`om` hp h em n~"
Ap~ oayz~h~k+ m`ao`p fhp d~ dwmzam~~foeod o h fem!fkn" @ponmz gz h aam~ ~fmkhdhdm t pmn o Tfo~mfhkk" Gzm~gk hj~ ft m!kojmzhk m`ao`p fhp nmzaomn `aao~ ~omp<Yko~o`ohp hn g`ohkp tokk zmhkk po~ y hn kop~m og zmham aao~ hp ‖p`ohk hyo~hk‟" Hvop hj~yz mn`h~ohk h`fomwmam~< ^z zmgmzzod ~ o~ hp‖fah `hyo~hk‟" Tzzomn j mwozam~hk nmdzhnh!
~o< ^z ~heod gg ~fh~ kodop~o` tkk caymz hnpkoyyod ~fm jmpyem ~mza ‖h~zhk hyo~hk‟"
P`om~5 mn`h~o5 ~fm mwozam~3 ~fmpm hzm hkk~fodp ~fh~ tm pzmk `ponmz dn o ~fmapmkwmp+ m~~fm hzm t nzmppmn y hp o~map h jhkh`m pfmm~"Nzod ~fm n~`a ja+ tmj m~zmyzmmzp tkn~z ~ `wo`m ~fmoz owmp~zp ~fh~ ~fmoz onmhp tkn omkn `hpf ! ~fh~ ~fm `kn jm ‖am~opmn‟" H nm`hnm+ hn h h`~owop~ kjjod Tfo~mfhkk mmnp ~ pft ft ~fmoz onmhp h jm hyo~hkopmn"
Hp pam g ~fmpm mvhaykmp pddmp~+ ~fop dzmh~ nop!`oykohz `ztnod!~ fhp ypfmn hponm m~fo`hk `!ponmzh~op" Ghz ~ponm ~fm ^zmhpz+ yko`!aheod ~hemp ~fm m`zhdmam~ g m`ao` mg`om` hp mg o~p yzoahz yzypmp ‐ hn ~fm pxmmsmp o ~fmz`ponmzh~op" fm zmpk~ h jm ayo` odmo~+ p~fh~ ~fm hptmz ~ dzmmn jhemzp zm`ekmppk fhpod hhk jpmp op hyyhzm~k `kmwmz ~tmheod g ~fmozo`m~owm p`fmamp" lz o~‟p g~m tmhe3 AYp ypm~ hp m~h~fmz zmtmn Jzo~opf ahgh`~zmz op ddmn gg ~ h gzmod za+ tokk ahem mz pymm`fmp hj~ cjpj~ kod ~ ~fm ndah g gzmm hn ym ahzem~p"
^ jm `kmhz+ m`ao`p nmp fhwm pyh`m gz`ponmzh~op g zodf~ hn tzd+ hnahzem~p n ~ fhwm ~ jm h~ nnp to~fm~fo`hk jmfhwoz" J~ og tm ~hem hp h nmg!oo~o g m~fo`hk yzh`~o`m ~fm h``aa!nh~o g z t hn ~fmzp‟ mmnp hn
tmhemppmp ~fm m`ao`p mznmp p`f `ponmzh!~op" Hn o yzh`~o`m+ m!kojmzhk m`ao`p ‐ j+ ph+opop~od kop~mn ayhomp jmod z h``znod ~pfhzmfknmz whkm hjwm hkk mkpm ‐ g~m `zmh~mp `no!~op ooao`hk ~ m~fo`hk jmfhwoz"
Hm topfod ~ yo~ y ~fm oayz~h`m g m~fo`po m`ao`p `h ahem h p~zd `hpm" Ke h~ HnhaPao~f+ ~fm nop`oykom‟p dngh~fmz+ aodf~ ph ‐ ~ cp~ fop tze azhk yfokpyf j~ ~fh~ gnod ~mv~ ^fm Tmhk~f g bh~op" ^fmzm Pao~f ~hkep zmymh~mnk hj~ ~fm oayz~h`m g ~zp~ o jpompp zmkh~opfoyphn khp ~ ~fm hpm ~fh~ o h ahzem~ m`a+ m hk ~fzowm j h`etkmndod ~fmzp‟ mmnp hn th~p"Dzn Dmee thp m`ao`hkk okko~mzh~m+ m aodf~``knm3 dzmmn op ~ dn5 pmkg!o~mzmp~ op"
O ~fop ~mkkod+ m`ao` hdm~p hzm ‖`p~zhomnahvoaopmzp‟ ‐ ~ gz ~fmapmkwmp+ j~ ~ ~ ~fm yo~g dzonod ~fm aym~o~o o~ ~fm np~" O tokk fmky a modfjzp tfm o~‟p hyyhzm~ ~fh~ nod p tokk fmkyam ~+ z h~ kmhp~ ~ fhza a o~mzmp~p ! j~ O t‟~fmky h p~zhdmz ~fm ~fmz ponm g ~fm ykhm~+ mpym!`ohkk og o~ tokk yzmwm~ am gza dm~~od "
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
^fm bjmk yzosm!tomz Hahz~h Pm `fhzh`!~mzopmp ~fop hp ~fm noggmzm`m jm~tmm payh~f hn`aao~am~" O fop je+ payh~f op ~fm zm`do~o~fh~ m‟p tmkghzm op hggm`~mn j ~fmzp5 tfokm `aao~!am~ op ~fm nzowm poayk ~ zodf~ h tzd+ tfh~mwmz ~fm`p~" M`ao`p op dzmh~ h~ `ponmzh~op g payh!~f+ j~ o~ p~~~mzp wmz aao~am~"
@m~zhk ~ ~fm yzjkma g ~zod ~ zm``okm m`!ao`p hn m~fo`p hzm ~fm `znm hppay~op hj~fah a~owmp ~fh~ ogza p a`f m`ao`p" H`!`znod ~ ~fm anmkp+ ymykm hzm zh~ohk+ pmkg!pmmeod hn odf! aop`om~ hn hzm hjkm ~ mvyzmpp ~fmozyzmgmzm`mp ~fzdf gzmm hn ym ahzem~p" ^fhep~ hzn ~fzmm nm`hnmp g zmpmhz`f j jmfhwozhkm`aop~p hn ~fm fkmp ~fm fhwm y`fmn o ~fm~o g zh~ohk pmkg!pmmemzp+ yko`!ahemzp t h`!etkmndm ~fh~ onowonhkp n ~ hkthp h`~ o ~fmozt jmp~ o~mzmp~p" J~ ~fm zmaho yz h~ zm`dopod ~fh~ ymykm pam~oamp h`~ hdhop~ ~fmoz t o~mzmp~p‐ hn onmmn pfkn g~m jm m`zhdmn ~ n p"
O ~fm tzkn g jpompp+ ~fm `ztnod!~ op mwm`kmhzmz ~ pmm" Gozap hzm t z h``znod ~ ~fm no`!~h~mp g pfhzmfknmz whkm5 ~fm owmp~z‟p o~mzmp~p ~hemyzm`mnm`m wmz ~fpm g ~fm ahhdmam~+ maykmmphn jpompp yhz~mzp z `p~amzp" O~ thp ~ hkthpp" O fmz mv`mkkm~ zm`m~ je+ Koxonh~mn+ Ehzm Fyzwonmp h h~fzykdo`hk p~n g Thkk P~zmm~" ^fmnaoh`m g pfhzmfknmz whkm kap khzdm"
‖Thkk P~zmm~‟p azhk jkmyzo~‟+ pfm ~mzap o~ ‐ ~fmahdm~o` z~f g h`m ~fmz+ ~fm yzhmz ~fh~ jhe!mzp nmahn `ayh mvm`~owmp zm`o~m h~ hkk ~oamp" _m~pfhzmfknmz o~mzmp~p fhwm g~m jmm z `kpm j hhk~mzh~owm+ ahhdmzohkopa"
O 8?8?+ Gzn a~z `ayh thp ~hem ~ `z~j ~fm hy~k!hamn Nndm Jz~fmzp ‐ pfhzmfknmzphddzomwmn ~fh~ hkk ~fm mvm`~owmp pmmamn ~ th~ thp~ ‖yzn`m dn yzn`~p fmhyk hn ~ yzwonm o!`zmhpod maykam~ h~ dn thdmp hn k o`onm!~hkk ~ ahem am‟" ^fm hzdmn ~fh~ ~fm yzoahz yzypm g co~!p~`e ayhomp thp ~ yzn`m zm!~zp gz pfhzmfknmzp ‐ hn ~fm Ao`fodh pyzmam`z~ cndm hdzmmn"
J~ ~fm jh~~km jm~tmm pfhzmfknmzp hn ah!hdmzp `~omn wmz ~fm zmp~ g ~fm `m~z" O 8?46+~fm Jpompp Zn~hjkm ! :99 `fomg mvm`~owmp g ~fmjoddmp~+ ap~ om~ohk Hamzo`h zap ! kop~mn p`ohkzmpypojoko~ hp m g ~fm gz `zm g`~op g h`ayh‟p jhzn" Cp~ ~fzmm mhzp kh~mz+ o~ nmp`zojmnjhkh`od pfhzmfknmz mvym`~h~op g ahvoaa zm~zphdhop~ ~fmz yzozo~omp hp ~fm dzmh~mp~ `fhkkmdm gh`od ahhdmzp" J 8??9+ p`ohk zmpypojoko~ fhn nzyymn
gg ~fm zhnhz hk~dm~fmz" Pfhzmfknmzp fhn t"^fm mzh g ahhdmzp‟ zkm thp‟~ pam eon g
dknm hdm gz `zyzh~m m~fo`p3 mvm`~owmp+ tfm~fmzh~ Gzn z htfmzm mkpm+ tmzm hkp ``mzmn to~fyz~p+ fodf o`amp gz ~fm am o ~fm `zmz g`mphn hkk ~fm zmp~" J~ hp F `zzm`~k hdmp+ pfhzmfkn!mz whkm fhp jm`am pfz~fhn gz nod tfh~mwmz o~~hemp ~ yay y ~fm p~`e yzo`m" Tfh~‟p ~fm zh~ohkmgz ahpp khggp o ~fm ham g pfhzmfknmz whkm+ pfmhpep m Thkk P~zmm~ h`omz3 ‖Op o~ koem+ ‖Tm‟zm jm`a!od azm mg`om~+ tm‟zm fyod ~fm ayh dztp+p o ~fm kd ~mza ymykm tokk fhwm azm cjp<‟‑ ^fop `zmno~+ ~fm jhemz zmcm`~p fmz ggmzmn hkojo" ‖Tmkk+ tm `h tod o~ koem ~fh~+‟ fm php" ‖Gz am+ o~ op hkk hj~dm~~od ~fm pfhzm yzo`m y"‟
O ~fm eon g mwozam~ gp~mzmn j pfhzmfknmz whkm ‐ pfz~!~mza+ opm`zm+ nzowm j yz~ ‐ ~fmzm`h jm ko~~km pyh`m gz m~fo`hk ponmzh~op" Hn m~ ~fh~ hyyzh`f ~ zod zap op pfog~od gza~fm yzowh~m pm`~z ~ ~fm yjko`" lm g khp~ mhz‟pjmp~ jep hj~ tze g`pmn ~fm Zhk Ahok+
h yjko` pm`~z op~o~~o komn y gz yzowh~oph~o"@hkkmn Nmhz Dzh Pao~f hn tzo~~m j ~fm pykm!nonk!ypmnamn Z Ahhkk+ o~ nmp`zojmn ft yp~hk tzemzp tmzm jmod gz`mn ~ y~ m`ao` mg`om` jmgzm yjko` pmzwo`m"
‖^oam+ Ym~mz Ahnmkp" ^oam+‟ Ahhkk yzm~mn!hnnzmppmp ~fm jpompp pm`zm~hz" ‖‛^oam op am+‑ ph+ j~ O ph+ ‛^oam op pmzwo`m"‑‟ Fm am~op``hpop tfm fm fhp ~hem ~oam ~ fmky `p~amzp‐ h kn khn tf fhn e`emn wmz fmz soaamz gzhamhn `kn‟~ dm~ y z h zm`m~ tontmz tf hpemn foa~ zm~z h km~~mzp hnnzmppmn ~ fop nmhn togm"
Tfh~ Ahhkk fodfkodf~p op ~fm k~oah~m mggm`~ g hkk ~fop `ztnod ~" M~fo`hk jmfhwoz g ~fm eonfm nmp`zojmp tkn jm womtmn j Pm hp h`~od ~ g `aao~am~" O~ hnnp ~oam ~ Ahhkk‟p zn+ dm~p foao~ ~zjkm to~f fop jppmp+ hn fm op ~ dod ~ dm~h nozm`~ zmthzn" J~ hzm tm fhyy ~ kmhwm ~fop pz~ g jmfhwoz ~ ~fm gg!`fh`m+ ~ ~fm yzpym`~ g h yp~om tf nmp‟~ aon ~fm fhppkm< O ppym`~ ~"
M~fo`hk yzh`~o`m zmxozmp pyh`m o yko`!aheod hth gza `ponmzh~op g m`ao` mggo`om`+hn pyh`m o `zyzh~op hth gza ~fm nzowm gzpfhzmfknmz whkm" }k~oah~mk+ p`f pyh`m `h k jm `zmh~mn j zmpop~od ~fm naoh`m g m`ao`p"
Hno~h @fhezhjlz~~ op m`lblao`p kmhnmz tzo~mz glz ~fmD}hznohb
‖Pfhzmfknmz whkm op pfz~fhngz nod tfh~mwmz o~ ~hemp ~yay y ~fm p~`e yzo`m‟
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
H GZMM AHZEM^ OP HAlZHK AHZEM^
^fm h`ohk amk~nt fhpyo~`fmn nma`zh` o~pmkg o~`zopop" O~ op wo~hk tm wmz~fzt ~fmhppay~op ~fh~ nmzaom~zp~+ dog~!dowod hn amhod
^fm zm`m~ goh`ohk `zopop nmp ~ gzm!pfhnt ~fm mn g `hyo~hkopa" Ftmwmz+o~ j~f zmaonp p g pam~fod hn zm! wmhkp pam~fod mt" O~ zmaonp p ~fh~`hyo~hkopa op pjcm`~ ~ h ym`kohz pz~ g m`ao` zopop3 h zopop g pym`kh~o+ ~
g h~zhk nophp~mz z fah omy~o~nm" J~ o~ hkp zm! wmhkp ~fh~ dkjhkoph~o fhp p mvyhnmn hn pymmnmny ~fm yz`mppmp g `fhdm hp ~ mdmnmz pam~fod xhko~h~owmk noggmzm~" }zmp~zo`~mn awmam~p g o!~mzh~ohk h`m t pmwmzmk `z~hok dwmzam~gzmmna g h`~o ~fzdf h yz`mpp ~fh~ y~p nma`!zh` o~pmkg o~ `zopop" ^fm mv`mpp `hyo~hk g mamzdod ahzem~p koem @foh hn ~fm Dkg P~h~mp h jm xo`ek ~zhpgmzzmn ~ ~zomp to~f kt phwodp hn phzod `pay~o koem ~fm }PH hn ~fm }E" ^fop fhp oyhz~ dmmzh~mn ~fm zm`m~ pmwmzm m`ao` nmp~hjoko!ph~o" O zmpypm+ dwmzam~p fhwm fhn ~ jhok ~~fm jhep j ~heod wmz ~fmoz nmj~p o h ghpfo ~fh~k`ep yko~o`p p~okk azm o~ ~fm hazhk m`ao` yz!po~ g yzowh~m yz~" fop wmzzonmp ~fm dhkp yko~o`ppfkn fhwm+ g yza~od h p`ohk znmz tfo`f z!~zmp fah tmkk!jmod"
Ftmwmz+ ~fm ahzem~ m`a mmn ~ m`mpphzok jm hazhk" ^fop `fhzh`~mzopmp k z t m`ao`pp~ma+ tfo`f ymzh~mp h``znod ~ mz~ho ~fmzm~o!`hk hppay~op" Tfh~ hzm ~fmpm hppay~op< Gozp~+~fmzm op ~fm mv`mppowm yzh`~o`m g zmyzmpm~od ~fodpj hjp~zh`~ ajmzp" ^fm zmpk~ op ~fh~ mwm ~fm jhe!mzp ~fmapmkwmp jhzmk et tfh~ op dod + jm`hpm~fm hzm pym`kh~od o ~mzap g o`zmhpodk zhzmmnh`ohk yzn`~p tfmzm ~fm fho g m`~op jh`e~ ~fm zmhk m`a op p`hz`mk ~zh`mhjkm"
^fop naoh`m g ~fm hjp~zh`~ kmhnp ~ ~fm kpp g tfh~ ~fodp hzm tz~f hn amh ~ p" O~ nmp~zp ~fmozfah whkm+ o gh`~" Gz mvhaykm+ ~fm fpm O kowm oop tz~f azm ~ am ~fh cp~ o~p ahzem~ yzo`m jm`hpmo~ hggznp am h~ `m ah~mzohk pfmk~mz hn ma~ohkzmph`m" Tm phkk ~foe g ~fm tzkn hzn p o~fop o~mdzh~mn th" _m~ z m`a nmymnp gz o~p wmz ymzh~o y ~fm p~zoyyod ~ g amhod" ^fop
pnmzod nm!ph`zhkopmp ~fm tzkn" fp ~fodp kmh`fmng podo`h`m `h jm ~zmh~mn hp jcm`~p ~ jm ahoy!kh~mn" Tfm ~fm khn o~pmkg op ~zmh~mn koem ~fop+ ~fm mhz~f‟ppzgh`m jm`amp m`kdo`hkk nmpkh~m" Mxhkk+ tfmfah jmodp hzm zmn`mn ~ amzm jnomp+ ~fm jm`amko~~km azm ~fh pz`mp g khjz pyyk" Mwmz~fod jm`amp amhpzhjkm+ m amzo`hk p`hkm" ^fopzmnmzp mwm am o~pmkg wmzk hjp~zh`~" Op~mhn g jmod zmdhznmn hp h op~zam~ g mv`fhdm ~fh~ hp!pmppmp `ayhzh~owm h`ohk whkm+ hn zmm`~p tz~fo ~fm nmmymz pmpm ~+ o~ op pmm hp pam~fod ~fh~ hjm yzjkmah~o`hkk jdf~ hn pkn+ m`zhdod pzop yz`mppmp ~fh~ ah pmwmzmk mvyko~ fahaopgz~m hn koao~ fah gzmmna"
O ~fop th+ dmom amhod op noppkwmn o ~fmm~fmz g pfmmz `hk`kh~o+ tfokm ah~mzohk zmhko~ op `z!mkk tzm`fmn hth gza hkk hggm`~owm h~~h`fam~p"
Ftmwmz+ og dkjhkoph~o m`zhdmpp`f ahno` nm~h`fam~ gza zmhko~+o~ hkp yhzhnvo`hkk mpzmp ~fh~ tfh~fhp jmm zmn`mn ~ h amzm ajmzap~ o ~fm mn zmkh~m jh`e ~ ~fm zmhkm`a" y~ o~ m th+ nmj~ hkthp
`h~`fmp y to~f " ^fop op ~fm p~z g tfh~‟p fhy!ymmn o Njho" Og kowm m dkjm+ ~fmzm op mwm!~hkk tfmzm ~ fonm" Azmwmz+ ~fm ~~hk pmyhzh~og amhod gza ~fod nmp ~ ahem pmpm mwm oahzem~ ~mzap" Gz po`m tm hzm majnomn `zmh~zmp+nopmajnomn `hyo~hk ap~ o ~fm mn jm amhpzmnhdhop~ pam~fod ah~mzohk" l~fmztopm tm fhwm th hkk ~ dhzh~mm o~p whkm+ hn to~f~ whkm`hyo~hk kpmp o~p yzypm"
Cp~ hp z `zzm~ m`ao` pp~ma nowonmp ~fod gza amhod+ o~ hkp ~zomp ~ nowonm ~fm onowonhkgza ~fm dzy" P ~fm pm`n hppay~o op ~fh~ ~fm tmkkjmod g ~fm za ‐ ~fm `aamz`ohk zdhoph~o~fh~ pfkn yzymzk fmky jokn p`om~ ‐ ~hemp pm`nykh`m ~ ~fh~ g ~fm onowonhkp o o~" ^fop op okkp~zh~mnj ~fm ‖jp `k~zm‟" J~ hdho+ ~fmzm hzm koao~p" Hg~mz hkk+ mwm jhemzp n ~ ymzh~m hp km zhdmzp+j~ zmxozm jhep o znmz ~ ymzh~m to~f jmp~ mggm`~"bm`khppo`hk m`ao`p p~zddkmn ~ o`zyzh~m h gkknmzp~hnod g ~fm zkm g ~fm za o~ o~p ~fmz+ hpo~ g`pmn ahzem~p ‐ ahzem~ mxokojzoa hn ~fmonmh ~fh~ ahzem~p h~ah~o`hkk zm`zn mvh`~ ogzah!~o" J~ ~nh+ m`aop~p zm`dopm ~fh~ pp~maop o ~fm kd z p~hjkm5 ~fh~ h zh~ohk onowonhk `hpam~oamp yzn`m ozzh~ohk zmpk~p" ^fop op tfmzm~fm za `amp o" Ymykm fhwm ~ tze ~dm~fmz ~fmky ao~odh~m ~fm nhahdod mggm`~p g ozzh~ohk
e m b l ~ m clfb AokJhbe
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79
GlZMTlZN
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M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
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Joknod h kogm
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HG^MZTlZN
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@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
jmfhwoz+ hn ~ mpzm ~fm pyyk g zmhphjk zmkohjkm ogzah~o y tfo`f ~ h`~"
Ftmwmz+ nmpyo~m zm`dopod ~fm m`mppo~ g `k!khjzh~o+ m`ao`p gz h tfokm ~zomn ymzwmzpmk ~nmzp~hn mwm ~fm za o onowonhkop~o` ~mzap" fopdhwm zopm ~ tfh~ op et hp yjko` `fo`m ~fmz+ tfo`ffhp om`mn bmt Khjz hn fhp jmm hyykomn ~dwmzam~hk hp tmkk hp yzowh~m zdhoph~op" Gz ~fop~fmz+ maykmmp hn `owok pmzwh~p hkoem hzm pmkg!pmzw!od zmh~zmp tfpm aho hoa op `zmhaod!gg jmm~pg yzmp~odm hn tmhk~f gz ~fmapmkwmp" O pmxm`m+zap h~ ~zp~ ~fmoz maykmmp+ dowod zopm ~ z`zzm~ `k~zm g ~hzdm~p+ o`m~owmp+ jpmp hnmnkmppk maykod mt maykmmp ~ `fm`e y ~fmz maykmmp"
fm `z`ohk oz fmzm op ~fh~ ~fop pz~ g onowonhkop~o johp op h`~hkk ooao`hk ~h dmomk gzmm ahzem~" Gz p`f h `k!~zm g ymzwhpowm aop~zp~ omwo~hjk o!fojo~p ~fpm xhko~omp g oo~oh~owm+ zope hn`zmh~owo~ tfo`f `aym~o~owm m~mzyzopm
nmymnp" Op~mhn+ tm mmn ~ kmhz gza aozo~ ~zh!no~op g yko~o`hk m`a tfo`f fhwm hkthp p~zmppmn
~fh~ p`ohk payh~f op h wo~hk yhz~ g m`ao`p" fpmhpym`~p g h~zhk fah `mz ap~ jm zm`dopmnhp jmod z`ohk ~ ~fm p``mppgk g`~ood g ahz!em~p+ hp tmkk hp jmod gn o `owok p`om~ hn ~fm tmkghzm p~h~m3 `owok p`om~ hn ~fm tmkghzm p~h~m pfkn~ jm womtmn hp `aymph~od gz ~fm pyypmn oa!ymzphk onoggmzm`m g ~fm ahzem~" Onmmn+ ~fm azm`~zh`~p jm~tmm ymykm hzm jhpmn ~zp~+ ~fm ~fmkmpp mmn ~fm o~mzwm~o g p~h~m `~zk" ^fm o!nowonhkop~o` anmk g ~fm ahzem~ m`a fhp yhzh!nvo`hkk o`zmhpmn ~fm ytmz g ~fm p~h~m+ tfpm khtphzm zmxozmn ~ mpzm ~fh~ `~zh`~p hzm fzmn+zmn`od ~fm ykh`m g ~zp~ o z p`om~"
O~ gkktp ~fh~+ hahsodk mdf+ h dmomk gzmmahzem~ ap~ jm h azhk ahzem~ o znmz ~ jm gzmm" Gzo~ op k tfm ~zp~ hn ~fmz fah whkmp hzm f!zmn ~fh~ ahzem~ ykhmzp `h ~zk n ~fm gzmmna~ owh~m hn ~hem zopep"
Og ~fm m`ao`p g mdopa nmp‟~ tze gz ~fmza+ ~fm o~ ~zp ~ ~fh~ o~ nmp‟~ tze h~ h kmwmk tfh~pmwmz" Fmzm h~fzykd zmg~mp z ~fozn ghkpmhppay~o tfo`f nmzowmp gza Hnha Pao~f+ h``zn!od ~ tfo`f h gzmm ahzem~ tzep jm`hpm o~ zm`dopmp~fh~ fah jmodp hzm gnham~hkk pmkg!pmmeod"J~ tm hzm ~ yzoahzok ‖~z`eod‟ hoahkp pmmeod hdn nmhk+ j~ op~mhn hzm dog~!mv`fhdod hoahkp" Gz tfh~ fah jmodp ap~ nmpozm op ~ ah~mzohk tmhk~f+
j~ p`ohk zm`do~o" Jm`hpm ~fop op hkthp h a~hkhgghoz+ tm hzm zhzmk mo~fmz yzmk o~mzmp~mn z yzmk nopo~mzmp~mn h`~zp" fp mwmz fah h`~o h jmpmm hp h dog~ tfo`f fhkg!mvym`~p j~ `h~ `aymkh zm~z dog~" Tfm tm owo~m pamm ~ nomz tmfhkg!jkodh~m ~fma ~ zm~z ~fm ghwz+ mwm ~fdf tm `h~ mgz`m ~fop( Tfm tm dzmm~ pamm o~fm azod+ `z~mp `aymkp h zmyk+ mwm ~fdfo~ `h~ jm nmahnmn( ^fop op jm`hpm ~fm hoa g p`f o~mzh`~op op koem h kmdhk `~zh`~ ~fh~ `h jmmgz`mn+ j~ op zh~fmz ~fm eon g mv`fhdm ~fh~ nzhtpfah jmodp ~dm~fmz" Hn mwm `~zh`~p+ tfo`fkmdo~oah~mk pmzwm onowonhkp+ ap~ hkp k~oah~mk yza~m p`f jnod+ mkpm p`om~ op dzhnhkk mznmnhn+ hp tm fhwm hkzmhn pmm+ m`ao` m~mzyzopm opo~pmkg ofojo~mn"
P ~zp~ op jhpo` gz ~fm za+ hn jhpo` hkp gz~fm zmkh~opfoyp g h m~fo`hkk zmpypojkm za ~~fm tonmz p`om~" H gz~fmz ~fdf~ gkktp gza ~fop~+ hamk ~fh~ o~ op ~fm za jhpmn ~zp~+ azm ~fh~fm km m~zmyzmmz+ tfo`f ofojo~p aykomp" Gz ~fm jhpop g pmkg!o~mzmp~+ ymykm p~zowm gz a!ykomp o znmz ~ yzn`m ~fodp to~f ~fm kmhp~ yppo!jkm ~kh g ~oam hn peokk hn ~ pmkk ~fmoz yzn`~php nmhzk hp ~fm `h" ^fmzmj ~fm nmzaom `a!ym~o~zp+ hn jhn yzh`~o`m nzowmp ~ dn" J `~zhp~+o ~fm `hpm g ~fm za ~fh~ op h a~hkk!nop`oykood yhz~mzpfoy jm~tmm aao~~mn+ gkk!kohjkm kmnmzp+owmp~zp+ ahhdmzp+ tzemzp hn `pamzp+ dnyzh`~o`m h nzowm ~ jhn o h ~mnm` ~fh~ op h`~hkk azm p~hjkm" ^fop op ~fm p~z g Cf Kmtop h~ o~p jmp~"P`f zap tokk ~mn ~ ~fzowm o ~fm kd ~mza+ ~ j nzowod ~ hkk ~fmz `aym~o~zp+ j~ zh~fmz j gz`od ~fmz zap ~ `aym~m o ~mzap g xhko~ g yzn`m+ghozmpp g yzo`od+ hn fahm ~zmh~am~ g tzemzphn p~amzp"
Gz a`f g fah mvymzom`m+ jhn fhjo~p hyymhzazm ytmzgk ~fh dn mp" J~ o ~fm mn+ tm nop!`wmz ~fh~ dn fhjo~p hzm azm mnzod" Hn ~fh~mwm ~fm gzmm yzpo~ g ah~mzohk tmhk~f zmxozmp hkp~fm yzpo~ g fah woz~m"
Clfb Aokjhbe op Yzlgmpplz ob Zmkodolb+ Ylko~o`p hbn M~fo`ph~ ~fm ]bowmzpo~ lg Bl~~obdfha" Fop ahb jllep ob`k}nm^fmlkld hbn Pl`ohk ^fmlz &TokmJkh`etmkk/ hbn ~fm`l!h}~flzmn Zhno`hk Lz~flnlv &Zl}~kmndm/
‖Tfh~ fah jmodp ap~nmpozm op ~ ah~mzohk tmhk~f+ j~p`ohk zm`do~o‟
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
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79
GlZMTlZN
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Ft n tm nm`onm
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M`ao`p hp og
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HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
ZHNO@HK ZlHN ^l HDZMMbMZ M@lblA_
H m`a jnmn j zmpz`mkoao~p amhp dm~~od ~fm yzo`mam`fhopa zodf~ p ~fh~ o~ ~mkkp~fm m`kdo`hk hn p`ohk ~z~f
fm ah ~ xo~m jm ~fm gz fzpmam g ~fm hy`hkypm+ j~ ~fmzm op nj~ ~fh~faho~‟p jhpo` yzjkma fhp gz o~mz!koemn yhz~p" Gozp~+ tm hzm hkzmhn kowod tmkk
jmn z ykhm~‟p hyh`o~ ~ zmdmmzh~mo~pmkg" Ah g z m`pp~map hzm h~ zope
g `kkhypm+ gza pf p~`ep hn `zhk zmmgp+ hn gzagzmpf th~mz ~ ykkoh~o pp~map" Hjwm hkk+ tm gh`m~fm zmhk yzpym`~ g `h~hp~zyfo` `koah~m `fhdm"
Pm`nk+ ~ k op dkjhk omxhko~ o o`amhn tmhk~f ~mhjkm ! ~fm zo`fmp~ m ymz `m~ g ymykm mhzp hp a`f hp ~fm yzmp~ =4 ymz `m~ ! j~~zod ~ dzt ~fm tzkn ~ g ywmz~ j zhopod mwm!zjn‟p o`amp gz~fmz op m`kdo`hkk oayppojkm"^fm Mhz~f cp~ `h‟~ yzwonm ~fm zmpz`mp ~fh~ ~fmdzt~f tkn mmn" ^foznk+ z m`ao` pp~ma opfodfk p~hjkm" ^fh~ thp `zamn o ~fm jheod `kkhypm" Gz~fk+ gz ah ymykm mhz~f+ ‖azm‟hn ‖jm~~mz‟ fhwm yhz~mn ayh" Azm tmhk~f op ~~zhpkh~od o~ dzmh~mz tmkkjmod"
Hkk h~ pmhMh`f g ~fmpm yzjkmap op zm`dopmn j yko`!ahe!mzp+ j~ k ~ pam nmdzmm" Tfh~ ~fm n‟~ zm`!dopm op ~fm th ~fm koe ~dm~fmz+ ~fmoz pp~mao`h~zm hn ~fmoz o~mz!zmkh~opfoyp" fh~ op tf dw!mzam~p pmma ~ jm hkk h~ pmh tfm o~ `amp ~ pk!~op" Tfh~ op ggmz op h zm~z ~ ‖jpompp hp phk‟ to~f h dzmm ~o~"
Tf p< Gozp~+ z ah`z!m`ao pp~map hzm o!`zmhpodk jhpmn htmn hppay~op hn ~nh~mna~fp" Pm`nk+ tm kh`e h hdzmmn m~fo`hk `ayhpp~ fmky p hnnzmpp ~fop pm~ g yzjkmap" ^foznk+ ~fmm`mpphz fhdmp pmma ~ jm oayppojkm"
‛Yzh`~o`hk am+ tf jmkomwm ~fmapmkwmp ~ jm xo~mmvmay~ gza h o~mkkm`~hk om`m+ hzm phkk ~fmpkhwmp g pam nmg`~ m`aop~+‑ tz~m ~fm dzmh~m`aop~ Cf Ahhzn Emmp" J~ ~fm a~fp g ~fm nmg`~ m`aop~p hkp fhwm h kogm hg~mz nmh~f"^fm pmma ~ nmzyo ~fm pp~ma hp o~ p~hnp+ gzp!~zh~od mt ~foeod hn mt pk~op" ‖Dzt~f op
~fm hptmz‟" ‖Yzo`mp ~mkk ~fm ~z~f‟" ‖DNY amhpzmp hzm tfh~ ah~~mzp ~ p‟" ‖Ahzem~p hzm ghoz‟" ‖Hdk!Phv`hyo~hkopa op ~fm k z jmp~ pp~ma"‟ lz `zzm~ m`!ao` ampp mvypmp ~fmpm a~fp hp mo~fmz zmnnh~z hp yhz~ohk ~z~fp ~fh~ mmn hk~mzod ~fzdf yko~o!`hk yz`mppmp" Jkon hnfmzm`m ~ ~fma fhp dowm ph m`a tfo`f op z o ~fm o~mzmp~p g ~fm ap~ytmzgk" fm yzjkma op ~fh~+ h`~hkk+ ~fm a~fp ~mn~ po~ ~fm ytmzgk wmz tmkk+ hn ~fh~ jkonp ~fma ~~fm yzjkma"
^fm yfokpyfo`hk nmzyoodp g m`ao`~fdf~ hzm ~ fmkygk o h po~h~o tfmzm mwm tfmonowonhk h`~op hzm m~fo`hk+ kkm`~owm ~`amp ah ~ jm" Og tm hzm kowod jmn z ykhm~‟p zmdmmzh!~owm `hyh`o~+ ~fm jwopk nm`opop hj~ `pay!~o j m dzy g ymykm fhwm ahcz oayko`h~opgz ~fmz ymykm ‐ ~fpm tf hzm p~okk hkowm hn ~fpm tf hzm p~okk ~ jm jz"
Tzpm+ omxhko~ fhp jmm ``kpowmk pft ~jm ~fm ahcz nzowmz g p`ohk yzjkmap+ ftmwmz zo`fz yz h p`om~ op" O ~fop po~h~o+ mo~fmz h ~oko!~hzoh hyyzh`f z h gzmmna hn zodf~p!jhpmn+ ono! wonhkop~o` hyyzh`f op pg`om~ h azm" Tm mmn~ g`p `kkm`~owm ~`amp hn ~ hdzmm h pm~ g m~fo`hk yzo`oykmp ~fh~ `kn dwmz z m`a o~fop mt po~h~o"
@fhdm pmmap oayppojkm jm`hpm `ayhompmmn mwmz!o`zmhpod `pay~o cp~ ~ p~h yzg!o~hjkm" Dwmzam~p mmn ~ dzt ~fmoz m`aomp~ zhopm ~fm ~hv zmwmmp ~ yzwonm yjko` pmzwo`mp"Ap~ ymykm hkp th~ ~ `pam azm ‖p~gg‟" ^fopop h pmmaodk woz~p `oz`km mv`my~ gz ~fm gh`~ ~fh~o~ op ~fm aho nzowmz g ~fm pp~mao` yzjkmap tm gh`m"bz `h tm cp~ hyyk ~fm jzhemp" ^fh~ tkn kmhn ~gnham~hk p~z`~zhk `fhdmp tfo`f tokk ~hem pjh`e o~ zm`mppo"
O~ op tnmz+ ~fm+ ~fh~ tm m~mz :989+ hg~mz@ymfhdm+ o h p~h~m g `gpo hn nopznmz"
Yzo`oykmp gz h m~fo`hk m`a ^fm tzn ‖m`a‟ `amp gza ~fm Dzmme tzn oeaoh" loeaoh ko~mzhkk amhp ~fm ahhdm!am~ z p~mthznpfoy g ~fm fpmfkn" ^fh~‟p tfh~ hm`a mmnp ~ n ‐ ~ ahhdm ~fm ykhm~hz fpm!fkn o ~fm o~mzmp~p g ~fm ykhm~ hn ~fm ymykm"
}pod ~fop hp ~fm th gzthzn nmp yo~ ~thznph mt pm~ g m~fo`hk yzo`oykmp" ^fm hkp nmzowm gza~fm jmp~ ~foeod g p`om~omp hn zmkodop wmz ~fmhdmp+ hn gza zzm~ p`om~o` tze hn z dzt!od nmzp~hnod g ft noggmzm~ pp~map ymzh~m"O ggmz ~fma hp mvhaykmp g ~fm ~ym g yzo`oykmp
e m b l ~ m p~mthZ~ thkkop
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
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M`ao`p hp og
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HG^MZTlZN
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@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
~fh~ hzm mmnmn"8/ ^fm m`a pfkn amm~ fah mmnp hn oayzwmxhko~ g kogm":/ ^fm m`a op jnmn j m`pp~ma koao~p"0/ Mxo~ gz yzmpm~ hn g~zm dmmzh~op">/ Zmwmzm`m gz hkk kogm"=/ Hyyzyzoh~m p`hkm hn y~oahk nowmzpo~"^fmpm yzo`oykmp `h pn koem `aa pmpm" J~~fm hzm h dn nmhk ~dfmz tfm ke h~ ~fm oa!yko`h~op g hyykod ~fma o yzh`~o`m" O fhwm nm!kojmzh~mk y~ gzthzn pam zhno`hk oayko`h~op ~ahem ~fm yo~"
^fh~ ~fm m`a pfkn jm nmpodmn ~ amm~fah mmnp amhp tm fhwm ~ g`p mmnp+ ~ th~p" O~ tkn ao~odh~m hdhop~ ~fm mnkmpp `zmh~og m`mpphz th~p" ^fop o ~z aodf~ pddmp~ hjh z ~hv `mz~ho ~ymp g hnwmz~opod" Ap~ gnh!am~hkk+ o~ tkn amh tm tkn fhwm ~ oaykmam~o gkk ~fm }b Nm`khzh~o g Fah Zodf~p+ to~f o~pg`p ~fm p`ohk hn m`ao` zodf~p g hkk fahjmodp" ^fm jkodh~o tkn jm onowonhk dwmz!am~p ~ amm~ ~fpm m`ao` zodf~p hn tfmzm ~fm tmzm hjkm ~ n p+ o~ tkn ghkk ~ ~fm o~mzh~ohkpp~ma ~ ~hem y ~fm zmpypojoko~" ^fop tkn amham`fhopap g dkjhk ~hvh~o hn zmnop~zoj~o ~fh~ tm fhwm nmwmkymn to~fo ah `~zomp j~ mwmzjmgzm h dkjhk p`hkm"
^fop yzo`oykm tkn zmxozm noggmzm~amhpzmam~ pp~map ~fh~ cndmn p``mppo ~mzap g oayzwod fah tmkkjmod o thp ~fh~ tmzm j~f p`ohkk cp~ hnmwozam~hkk pp~hohjkm" O~ tkn jm wo~hk ~ fhwm h amhpzmam~ pp~ma ~fh~
zmykh`mn DNY hn dhwm tmodf~ ~ fah tmkkjmod+ ~m`ao` ymzgzah`m hn p~hjoko~+ hn ~ ~fm m`!kdo`hk fmhk~f g ~fm ykhm~" ^fop yzo`oykm tkn hkpzmxozm h a`f dzmh~mz g`p ~fm `zm m`a ‐~fm !am~opmn m`a o`knod hkk ~fm tze g `fokn zmhzod+ `hzod hn `aao~ pyyz~"
Pm`n+ h m`a jnmn j m`pp~ma koao~pamhp dm~~od yzo`mp zodf~ p ~fh~ ~fm ~mkk ~fm m`kdo!`hk hn p`ohk ~z~f" O~ amhp h `fhdm o ~hvh~o+ gza~hvod maykam~ hn whkm hnnmn ~ ~hvod !zmmthjkm ah~mzohk `pay~o" O ~fmz tznp+ o~amhp h gnham~hk pfog~ gza ~hvod dn ~fodp ~jhn ~fodp" ^fop tkn jm yhz~ g h mwm azm gnh!am~hk pfog~ ~ h m`a tfo`f aooaopmp ~fm tmodf~g ah~mzohkp ~fh~ d ~fzdf o~" ^fh~ tkn nozm`~ ~fmm`a ~ g`p oayzwod fah tmkkjmod+ `kpmn ky yzn`~o pp~map hn wmz kt !
pay~o g !zmmthjkmp" O~ tkn jm h gnham!~hk pfog~ gza z `zzm~ `pamz m`a"
^fozn+ mxo~ gz yzmpm~ hn g~zm dmmzh~ophdho zmxozmp ahppowm `fhdmp" Gz h p~hz~+ ft n tmnop~zoj~m ykhm~hz zmpz`mp azm ghozk< fm yzo!`oykm op h`~hkk wmz poaykm3 hkk ymykm pfkn fhwm hmxhk `khoa" ^fpm tf hzm pod azm ~fh ~fmoz ghozpfhzm g dkjhk zmpz`mp pfkn yh h zm~hk ~ ~fpmpod kmpp ~fh ~fmoz ghoz pfhzm" Og ~fop yzo`oykm tmzm~ jm hyykomn+ o~ tkn jm m g ~fm ap~ ahppowm m`!ao` `fhdmp ~fm tzkn fhp pmm"
^fm ~fmz em `fhdm fmzm tkn jm ~ p~hz~mggm`~owmk ahhdod ~fm ytmz g em ykhmzp to~foahzem~p" lk j ~h`ekod mxhk ytmz nop~zoj~op to~fo ahzem~p `h tm fym ~ jokn h azm mxo~hjkmhn wohjkm tzkn gz ~fm g~zm" O~ tkn hkp zmxozm hahcz `fhdm o `ayh p~z`~zm hn kht" b kdmz`kn `ayhomp jm nmpodmn gz ~fm yzoam jmm~ g ~fm yzwonmzp g yzowh~m `hyo~hk+ hn ~fm tfkm oppm g tmzpfoy hn `~zk tkn mmn ~ jm ~fzdfk mvykzmn ~"
Gz~f+ zmwmzm`m gz kogm amhp awod gza hh~fzy`m~zo` ~ jo!`m~zo` hyyzh`f" O~ hkp amhpgh`~zod o ~fm ap~o`hk+ ~fm pyozo~hk+ ~fm mvop~m~ohk+~fm pajko` hn ~fm hmp~fm~o`" O~ amhp zm`dopod hkk gzap g kogm hp yhz~ g ~fm m`ao` pp~ma+ ~~ponm o~" Th~mz+ aomzhkp+ pmh+ hn khn3 ~fmpm hzmh~zhk ykhm~hz pp~map tfmzm tm `h k jm p~mt!hznp+ mwmz tmzp"
Gohkk+ tfm o~ `amp ~ hyyzyzoh~m p`hkm hny~oahk nowmzpo~+ yko` ahemzp ~mn ~ ~foe o ~mzapg m`aomp g p`hkm" ^fm `h jm wo~hk o `mz~ho pp!~map+ j~ o ah ~fmz pp~map y~oahk nowmzpo~ zm!xozmp p ~ nmwmky h pahkkmz p`hkm" K`hk m`!aomp ~fzowm jmp~ tfmzm ~fmzm op h nowmzpo~ g jpomppmp"^fm pham op ~zm h`zpp ghzaod pp~map tfmzm k`hkzmpypowmmpp op `z`ohk" ^fm jcm`~owm ap~ jm o~mz!nmymnm`m hn aao~omp ~fh~ ke ~thznp ~~fm zmp~ g ~fm tzkn"
^fm yzo`oykmp hzm poaykm" Y~~od ~fma o~ yzh`!~o`m tkn gnham~hkk hk~mz z m`ao` pp~ma" Tm tkn awm ~fm gza m ~fh~ fhp kp~ o~p m~fo`hk`ayhpp ~ m ~fh~ op jhpmn `kmhz yzo`oykmp" Tmfhwm wmz pfz~ ~oam ~ h`~+ hn hk~mzh~owm"
P~mthz~ Thkkop op Mvm`}~owm Nozm`~lz lg ~fm Bmt M`lblao`p Gl}bnh~olb" ttt"bmtm`lblao p"lzd
‖^fh~ ~fm m`a pfkn amm~fah mmnp amhp tm fhwm ~g`p mmnp+ ~ th~p‟
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
Flt podbo`hb~ thp ~fm AYp‟
mvymbpmp zlt+ gzla hb m~fo`hk
ylob~ lg womt<
O ~foe tm pam~oamp
gzdm~ ~fh~+ j o~mzh~ohk
p~hnhznp+ yjko` pmzwh~p o
Jzo~ho hzm had ~fm ap~
fmp~ o ~fm tzkn" _ k
fhwm ~ n anmp~ ha~p
g jpompp o ykh`mp koem
O~hk+ P~f Hamzo`h hn
~fm Hpoh pj!`~om~
~ zmhkopm ~fh~ ~fmzm hzm
p~hnhznp g jmfhwoz ~fh~
tm ~hem gz dzh~mn fmzm ~fh~
hzm yzgnk noggmzm~ o
~fmz yhz~p g ~fm tzkn" O
ah `~zomp ~fm‟n ke
h~ pam~fod koem ~fm AYp‟
mvympmp p~z hn ph ‐ ~fh~‟p
wmz pahkk jmmz onmmn" O‟a
~ phod tm `kn‟~+ z
pfkn‟~+ ~z fhznmz z n
jm~~mz+ j~ O n ~foe o~‟p tz~f
y~~od o~ o~ ymzpym`~owm"
Tmzm ymlykm zodf~ ~l jm
l}~zhdmn<
H~fmz ~fod ~ jmhz o aon
op ~fh~ ~fmzm‟p h fmodf~mmn
pmpm g ~zhdm h~ ~fm
aam~ ~fh~‟p ~ n to~f ~fm
m`ao` nt~z+ `ykmn
to~f ~fm gh`~ ~fh~ ~fm o~mzm~
fhp ahnm p hkk gmmk h k~
azm maytmzmn" ^fmzm hzm
noggmzm~ kmwmkp g nopfmp~+
hn tm pfkn jm hthzm g ~fh~"
ljwopk nnkod mvympmp op
h wmz `kmhz nopfmp~5 j~ o
k~p g op~h`mp ~fm po~h~o
op a`f kmpp `kmhz!`~" Tfh~
hj~ ymykm tf po~ hp
~zp~mmp z tf hzm jhznp
hn tf hnfmzm ~ h `pmpp
o h tmhe ahmz+ tokkod
~ zmjmk hdhop~ ~fm `ztn mwm
tfm ~fm ~foe pam~fod
nmp‟~ gmmk xo~m zodf~<
Tfh~ thp ~fm m~fo`hk gzhamtlze
~fh~ p}zzl}bnmn l} hp h `fokn<
O zmamajmz pmzop
nop`ppop o a ghaok hj~
tfh~ thp ~fm zodf~ ~fod ~ n ‐
yhz~o`khzk hj~ jmkomgp+ hn
hj~ ~fm oayz~h`m g jmod
yzmyhzmn ~ jm o h aozo~
g m og tmzm `wo`mn
hj~ pam~fod jmod zodf~"
Flt hjl}~ ~fmpm nhp<
lm ~fod ~fh~‟p oayz~h~ ~
am op O n‟~ th~ ~ yzpm
jpompp mv`kpowmk+ jm`hpm O
~foe o~‟p oayz~h~ ~ jm yhz~
g ~fmz tzknp ~" O‟wm pym~
pov mhzp hp `fhoz g @fhmk
>+ hn gzhek o~‟p ~ ~fm
ap~ yz~hjkm ~fod O `kn
fhwm nm to~f a ~oam" J~
o~ thp hj~ n~+ hn o~ thp
hkp mchjkm" Hn O ~foe o~‟p
fmhk~f gz jpompp ymykm
~ fhwm ~fmz tze ~fh~‟p ~
mv`kpowmk hj~ ymzphk
dho ‐ O ~foe ~fh~ fmkyp to~f
z jzhnmz ~ke hn z
azhk ayhpp ~"
K}EM ClFbPlbGl}bNMZ lG ZOPE @HYO^HK YHZ^bMZP HbNGlZAMZ @FHOZAHb lG @FHbbMK >
Ymzfhyp g~zm dmmzh~op tokk ke jh`e ~fop~oam hp h ~zod yo~ ‐ ~fm ~oam tfm fahpjmdh ~ dho h ymzpym`~owm ~fm tfkm ymzong onp~zohk `hyo~hkopa hn ~fm nmp~z`~o o~ tzdf~+ ~ k ~fm mwozam~ j~ hkp fah zmkh~opfoyp" P`f op z `zzm~gzp~zh~o to~f p ah hpym`~p g z p`om~+ ~fh~o~ pmmap tm hzm hkk jmdood ~ xmp~o ~fmonmkd g ~fm gzmm ahzem~+ hn o~p hppay~op~fh~ tm ap~ `aym~m+ ke ~ gz zpmkwmp+ hny~ `hzm hn ``mz gz ~fmzp o pm`n ykh`m"^fm m~fo`hk wh`a h~ ~fm fmhz~ g `hyo~hkopa+o~p ohjoko~ ~ nop~odopf jm~tmm tfh~ op zodf~z tzd jmfhwoz ~thznp ~fmzp+ hp kd hp o~ahemp h yz~+ op kdmz womtmn to~f xo~m ~fmpham ~kmzh`m"
O~ op fhzn ~ pmm pam~fod `kmhzk tfm hzm oaamzpmn o o~" l`m pp~map hzm mp~hjkopfmn+ tm `am ~ jmkomwm ~fh~ ~fm hzm h~zhk hnomwo~hjkm" Nzod ~zhpo~o ymzonp+ ftmwmz+ymykm n yz~mp~ hn ymykm non yz~mp~ ~fm tzm`eod g zmkh~opfoyp nzod ~fm ymzon g onp~zohkoph~o" ^fm tzo~mz ^fahp @hzkkm+gz mvhaykm+ `aykhomn h~ ~fm ~oam ~fh~ `hpf!yham~ fhn zmykh`mn a~hk fmkygkmpp ~jm`am ‖~fm pkm zmkh~o g fah jmodp‟"
Hk~fdf fm zm`dopmn ~fh~ ah ymykmt ‖mh~ mz `emz+ nzoe nmhzmz koxzp‟+fm xmp~omn tfm~fmz fah gh`mp kemn h~mh`f ~fmz to~f azm ‖ph~opgh`~o‟ ~fh jmgzm+hn ``knmn+ ‖b~ p‟" Tfm~fmz z ~ fm thpzodf~+ ahpp yzn`~o thp `mz~hok jok~ nmymzphkopmn zmkh~opfoyp" Ymykm m~mzod gh`~zomp hn tzepfyp tmzm pmm hp amzm‖fhnp‟ ! `dp o ~fm am`fho`hk yz`mpp ! ~ hpmodfjzp+ gzomnp+ z mwm mmaomp" Kh`eod p`ohk jnp to~f ~fmoz maykmzp+ ~fm tzeod zmkh~opfoy jm`ham h yzmk `~zh`~hk m~fh~ mv`knmn mayh~f z mwm ~fm ~zhno~ohkyh~mzhkop~o` ~o g h n~ ~ ~fmzp"
O ~fmz+ ~fop mt oaymzphk m`a thp kojmzh~od gz mwmzm" b kdmz ~omn ~~fmoz hkk~~mn ykh`m o p`om~+ ymykm `kn h~khp~ `fpm tf ~fm tmzm hn tfh~ ~fm non" Tm hzm p~okk o kwm to~f ~fop onmh g gzmmna+hn ~fm ‖zodf~p‟ ~fh~ yz~m`~ o~" J~ hk~fdf tmdhomn dzmh~mz p`ohk ajoko~ hn onowonhkopa+z gzmmnap ahnm p azm wkmzhjkm" ^fmpp~hood tmj g zmkh~opfoyp tfo`f ymykmfhn nmymnmn+ pfzowmkkmn" Ghaok kogm+ o yhz~o`khz+ thp nmzaomn+ hp amajmzp g ~fm ghaok
^fm onmkd g ~fm gzmm ahzem~ fhpnop~z~mn fah zmkh~opfoyp+ j~ ~fmpodp hzm ~fh~ tm ah hkk jm theod y~ tfh~ tm‟wm kp~+ php Pm Dmzfhzn~
h jz ~hkeobd ylob~p
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
kdmz tzemn hkdponm mh`f ~fmz to~f h`aa yzypm" Hk~fdf ~fmzm tmzm oayz~h~h~~may~p ~ `zmh~m pkonhzo~ hn a~hk pyyz~o ~fm ~zhnm o hn `!ymzh~owm awmam~p+jhpo`hkk mwmzm d~ pmn ~ kowod o h m`a ~fh~ kmg~ ko~~km pyh`m gz ~fm oayz~h~ yhz~ ykhmnj zmkh~opfoyp o z kowmp+ yhz~o`khzk opp~hood z pmpm g pmkg!tz~f hn z gmmkod g jmkdod"
Op~mhn+ ~fm gzmm!p~hnod+ onmymnm~ ‖pmkg‟ thp onmhkopmn+ hp og mh`f ymzp `kn `fpm ~ahem tfh~ fm `kn g foapmkg to~f~ zmgmzm`m~ ~fm `~mv~ o tfo`f fm kowmn z ~fm z~zm fmzm`mowmn" ^fop dzmh~k hnwh~hdmn ~fm zopod aonnkm`khppmp+ tfpm h~a hn pmkgfn thp jok~ ~fm fonnm ‖ma~o tze‟ nm j tam"^fmpm jm~~mz!gg ghaokomp tmzm hjkm ~ dowm h`ohkpyyz~ ~ tam p ~fh~ ~fm `kn yzwonmh~~m~owm hn ymzphkopmn `hzm gz ~fmoz `foknzm !h p~hze `~zhp~ ~ ~fm g~m nmpymzh~m `no~op g tzeod!`khpp `fokn!zmhzod" Gz h `m~z z azm+o~ jm`ham ~fm hpyozh~o g ~fm tzeod `khppmp gz~fmoz towmp ~ p~h h~ fam hn `hzm gz ~fmoz d `foknzm hn+ mwm~hkk+ ap~ ghaokomp h`fomwmn o~"
@hyo~hkopa‟p nopykh`mam~ g hzmJ~ ~fmzm thp h o ~fm o~am~" O ~fmo`zmhpodk hz`oppop~o` p`om~ g ~fm kh~m :9~f`m~z+ ~fm jznm tam g pp~hood ~fm whkmp g eonmpp hn mayh~f jm`ham hoayppojkm m" Hn ~fm jm~~mz gg mwmzm d~+~fm azm opkh~mn tam jm`ham+ p~`e o ~fmozonowonhk famp+ keod hg~mz cp~ h `ykm g `foknzm to~f~ h hnk~ kogm g ~fmoz t" O~ thp o~kmzhjkm gz ah tam+ hn ~fm ap~`nm~ g ~fma ! khzdmk ~fpm tf fhn ~fmjmm~ g fodfmz mn`h~o ! jmdh ~ yz~mp~+nmahnod ~fm zodf~ ~ tze hn mhz am ~fm pham ~mzap hp am" ^fmoz `hayhod thphahodk p``mppgk" @fhdm thp zhyon+ hn o~p jm`ham ~fm za gz hkk a~fmzp ~ tze+mwm tfm ~fmoz `foknzm tmzm pahkk ! ~nh+o`zmhpodk mwm tfm ~fm hzm jhjmp o hzap"^fm whkmp g ‖`hzm‟+ ftmwmz+ tfo`f tam fhnyzmwopk dhznmn+ jm`ham mwm fhznmz ~ k`h~mhp ~fm yzpo~ g am hn p~h~p pyozhkkmn+`fm`emn"
Hp tm et+ ~fm m`ao` jjjkm `ham`zhpfod nt" J~+ o h pmpm+ h~fmz jjjkm op`zzm~k nmh~od+ ~3 ~fm jjjkm g jkon gho~f o~fop pp~ma hp ~fm jmp~ g hkk yppojkm pp~map" Tmhzm p~hz~od ~ zmhkopm ft a`f tm fhwm ph`zo`mn ~fm hk~hz g ah~mzohk tmkkjmod" O yhz~o`khz+ tm `h kdmz odzm ~fm oayh`~ `foknzmg h `aykm~mk tzehfko` p`om~ tfmzm gmt dowm yzozo~ ~ `foknzm‟p mmnp" O~ op jm`aod oayppojkm ~ ~ pmm ~fh~ o`zmhpod ajmzp g yzk p`ohkopmn `foknzm hzm pftod nog`k~ompo fhnkod p~zmpp z ahhdod ~fmoz ma~op"P`om~o` zmpmhz`f fhp ahnm o~ ykho ~fh~ ah g ~fmpm nog`k~omp hzm ~fm zmpk~ g h kh`e g ~oam+h~~m~o hn ma~ohk ~mh`fod gza ~fm hnk~po ~fmoz kowmp" To~f~ ~fmpm ~fodp+ d
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
Tfh~ thp ~fm m~fo`hk gzhamtlze
hzl}bn l}z dzltobd!}y mhzp<
A ghaok thp xo~m
npg`~ohk o pam thp+
j~ m ~fod j~f a yhzm~p
non jmkomwm o+ wmz p~zdk+
thp etod ~fm noggmzm`m
jm~tmm zodf~ hn tzd" Hn
~fm whkm g fhzn tze thp
oayz~h~ ~ ‐ a aa thp
g P`~~opf nmp`m~+ hn pfm
fhn ~fh~ Yz~mp~h~ tze m~fo`
~fh~ fhn jmm fhnmn nt+
dmmzh~o dmmzh~o"
O dzmt y o b~~od Fokk+ j~
jmgzm o~ thp zma~mk ~zmn"
O~ thp h ~df modfjzfn
j~ ymykm tmzm dn ~ m
h~fmz ‐ ~fm pz~ g ykh`m
tfmzm `kn kmhwm z
gz~ nz k`emn hn et
mwmz~fod tkn jm phgm+ h
ykh`m tfmzm eonp `kn ykh
~ o ~fm p~zmm~ hn mwmzm
tkn ke ~ gz ~fma" ^oamp
hzm noggmzm~ t ‐ o ~fpm
nhp ~fmzm thp h azm ‖~fmz!
zom~h~mn‟ azhk `k~zm"
^fmpm nhp+ o~‟p h k~ azm
hj~ ‖am‟"
Flt nlmp ~fh~ ‖am‟ `}k~}zm yhb
l}~ ob ~fm pylz~p tlzkn<
Pyz~pymykm koem am hn
~fpm g a mzh ‐ Pmj @m hn
^mpph Phnmzp had ~fma
‐ non‟~ ~zho hn tze fhzn
jm`hpm tm th~mn gham z
tmhk~f" Aheod am non‟~
mwm `am o~ a fmhn+ hn
~fmzm thp yppojoko~ g o~
hth jm`hpm tm tmzm ~fm
khp~ dmmzh~o g hah~mzp+
hn o~ poayk thp‟~ hwhokhjkm"
Tm tmzm a~owh~mn j ~fm
~fdf~ g dkz+ hn g nod
pam~fod gz z ~z"
Hn O‟a ~ phod ~fmzm hzm‟~
dp~mzp ~nh tf ~foe g
~fmpm ~fodp+ j~ O ~foe ~fmzm
hzm h k~+ ~+ tf ~foe ap~k
hj~ ~fm yppojoko~ g gham+
hn am"
Tfh~ non l} ~fobe hjl}~ ~fm
zlt lwmz AYp‟ mvymbpmp<
^fm AYp‟ mvympmp‟ phdh
yzwmn tfh~ ap~ g p hkzmhn
jmkomwmn3 ytmz `zzy~p"
^fmzm thp h tfkm fp~ g
yko~o`ohp ~fmzm+ hn tfh~ ~fm
tmzm phod thp3 n hp O ph+
j~ ~ hp O n" Hn to~f ~fm
jhemzp+ o~ thp hkk wmz tmkk gz
pam g ~fma ~ jm zheod o~ o
tfm ~fmzm tmzm dn ~oamp
dmmzhkk+ j~ t ~fodp hzm
~df ykm~ g ymykm fhwm d~
~fm fay hj~ o~ ‐ hn O `h
nmzp~hn tf"
^fm yzjkma op ~fh~+ hkk
hzn+ ~fmzm‟p h nmhz~f g
dn kmhnmzpfoy" P h k~ g
ymykm o dwmzam~ hzm‟~
~fm jmp~ pz~ ~ jm ~fmzm" O~‟p h
tzz3 hn ~fm ymykm O tzz
hj~ ap~ hzm ~fpm tf
hzm kmhp~ hjkm ~ ke hg~mz
~fmapmkwmp+ jm`hpm O ~foe
~fh~ o ~fm `zzm~ azhk
`koah~m ~fm‟zm o h y~m~ohkk
nog`k~ po~h~o" O ~fm yhp~
~fmzp tkn fhwm kemn ~
gz ~fma" J~ ~fmpm nhp+ O‟a
~ p pzm ~fh~ hm op"
NHKM_ ^FlAYPlblK_AYO@!TObbObD PYlZ^PAHb
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
`foknzm `h~ nmwmky ~fmoz p`ohk jzhop !~fmoz mayh~f+ gzmpodf~+ hn pmkg!`~zk ! hn hzmyzm ~ jm`am h~o!p`ohk z nmyzmppmn hnk~p"
H~ ~fm pham ~oam+ ~fmzm‟p h dztod pmpm g jzmna to~f ~fm mnkmpp zn g `pamzyz`fhpmp" @hyo~hkopa ~zhyp p o ~fop yz`mpp+aheod o~ p a`f fhznmz ~ dowm whkm ~ ~fm!ah~mzohk dnp g kogm3 ~ ~hem ykmhpzm o~fm h~zhk tzkn+ hn ~ mc h tonm zhdmg zmkh~opfoyp+ o`knod modfjzkompp+gzomnpfoy+ ``mz gz ymykm o mmn g fmky ! hp tmkk hp nod ~oam gz z mwmznh zmkh~opfoyp to~f yhz~mzp hn `foknzm"
H~ ~fop `zopop yo~+ ~fod pmmap ~ tze3 tm hzm o nmj~+ z nma`zh` op‟~ nma`zh~o`+z `foknzm hzm aopmzhjkm+ z mwozam~op o nhdmz" O~ op pzmk ~oam ~ `ponmz tfh~`hyo~hkopa `h `~om ~ ggmz+ hn tfm~fmz o~fhp mvfhp~mn o~p y~m~ohk" @kmhzk+ `m tamhzm kdmz ‖`hzzod‟ `hzod whkmp jmfhkg g p`om~+ ~fm podkm!aonmn yzpo~ g ah~mzohkjmm~p jm`amp jhkh`mn" Tm hzm zoym gz hmt ~zhpo~o ‐ ~fop ~oam+ m tfo`f m`zhdmpfah `hyh`o~omp p`f hp mayh~f hn eonmpp+j zm`khoaod ~fm oayz~h`m g zmkh~opfoyp"
^fm Pmkpf Pl`om~ j P}m Dmzfhzn~ op y}jkopfmn jPoalb ' P`f}p~mz lb 8 Hyzok
Am thp amh~ ~ ahem kogm mhpomz m~+o yzh`~o`m+ fah h~zm fhp ahnm o~ hmn o o~pmkg" J~ op tmhk~f ~fm jmp~ th g h`fomwod z nmpozmp+ hpep Hdom Fjjp
h x ~hkeobd ylob~p
Am op h p`ohk `~zh`~" O~ zmxozmp ~zp~ o o~ppajko` whkm o znmz ~ tze h~ hkk" Hn o~ `zmh~mpo~mznmymnm`m hn a~hk o~mzmp~p+ mwmhadp~ ~fpm tf hzm p~zhdmzp+ z tf noggmzyzgnk o ~fmoz jmkomgp+ fop~zomp hn whkmp"J~f g ~fmpm gh`~p fmky yo`e ~fm p~h~m tm‟zm o"
Ykh~‟p Zmyjko` op fmkygk fmzm" O ~fopnohkdm+ fm ~komp ~fm nmwmkyam~ gzap`zh~`f g tfh~ fm `khoap ~ jm h onmhkk cp~p~h~m+ hn am op o~zn`mn ghozk mhzk " O~gh`oko~h~mp ~fm mv`fhdm g jhpo` dnp hn pmzwo`mpp ~fh~ m fhp ~ yzn`m hkk ~fmoz t gn+~kp hn pfmk~mz" ^fm g`~o g am op ~fp~ ahem kogm mhpomz hn yzwonm p to~f azm gzmm~oam+ hn o~p mggm`~ op ~ yzay~ ~fm nmwmkyam~ g ~fm o~!p~h~m"
^fm ~zjkm+ hp Ykh~ pmmp o~+ op ~fh~ fahyp`fkd ahemp o~ wmz nog`k~ ~ zm~hoam hp ~fm mg`om~+ khjz!phwod nmwo`m o~ thp nmpodmn ~ jm" lz jnok hyym~o~mp+ fmjmkomwmp+ hzm mppm~ohkk koao~mn+ hn hzm ~
Flt a}`f nl l} ~fobe hjl}~
m~fo`p lb h nhok jhpop<
Hm tf tzep o
~fm yjko` pm`~z h~ ~fm
aam~ fhp ~ dowm h k~ g
`ponmzh~o ~ yzo`oykmp
hj~ tf tze o ~fm th
n+ hn tfh~ z kd!
~mza dhkp hzm" @ayhzmn
to~f :9 mhzp hd ~fmzm‟p h k~
azm ~zhpyhzm` o yjko`
op~o~~op koem ~fop m+ hn h
k~ azm h``~hjoko~ ~ ~fm
ymykm tf yh gz p+ hn tf
wopo~ p" Hn hkk ~fh~ amhp ~fh~
pamm o a ypo~o fhp ~
~foe zmhkk `hzmgkk hj~ ~fm
nm`opop ~fm ahem"
O‟a wmz hthzm g ~fm gh`~ ~fh~
~fmzm‟p h jod mkmam~ g yjko`
~zp~ o h op~o~~o koem ~fop
m+ hn tm fhwm ~ jm hthzm
g ~fh~ hn ~ h`~ zmpypojk
‐ hj~+ gz mvhaykm+ `koah~m
`fhdm+ hn ~foeod hj~
oppmp hzn pp~hohjoko~"
Tfh~ l~fmz m~fo`hk
`lbponmzh~olbp nl l} gh`m<
O‟a wmz hthzm g oppmp hzn
z zmpypojoko~omp ~ yzwonm
hz~op~p to~f h ykh~gza gz ~fmoz
tze" Pam~oamp ~fh~ owkwmp
am o h k~ g m~fo`hk ~foeod+
hp fhyymmn tfm tm pftmn
Ahze Thkkodmz‟p yom`m P~h~m
Jzo~ho o :997+ hn ham o gz
`zo~o`opa gza ymykm tf phon
tm pfkn‟~ yzwonm pyh`m gz
h yom`m g tze ~fh~ thp hj~
h m!ah yz~mp~ hdhop~ ~fm
Ozhx thz" ^fm oayz~h~ ~fod
~ zmamajmz op ~fh~ hz~ op‟~
hj~ zmogz`od mvop~od
`wm~op ‐ o~ mvop~p ~
`fhdm z xmp~o ~fm p~h~p
x+ hn pam~oamp fhwm
~ ~hem h azhk p~hnyo~
~ yzwonm ~fh~ pyh`m gz
xmp~op ~ jm zhopmn+ mwm
~fdf ~fmzp hzdm ~fh~
pfkn‟~"
Tfh~ tmzm ~fm m~fo`hk
`lbponmzh~olbp ob l}z ghaok+
tfmb l} tmzm dzltobd }y<
Xmp~op g `n`~ tmzm wmz
oayz~h~ ~ a yhzm~p" A
a~fmz thp owkwmn o yjko`
pmzwo`m ‐ pfm thp h Kn
``okkz ‐ hn yjko` pmzwo`m
thp wmz oayz~h~+ o~ thp
pam~fod O thp hthzm g
hn pam~fod ~fh~ O emt
ah~~mzmn" O thp ~hdf~ ~fh~ o~
thp oayz~h~ ~ ~foe hj~
~fm `aao~ hp h tfkm+
hn ~ cp~ hj~ z ykh`m
o o~ hp h onowonhk" O‟a pzm
hkk ~fop hggm`~mn a nm`opo
~ d o~ apmap zh~fmz
~fh ~fm hz~ ~zhnm" Pmwmzhk g
a gzomnp tm~ ~ tze gz
`aamz`ohk h`~o fpmp
hg~mz owmzpo~+ hn ~fdf
O fhwm ~fm ~ap~ zmpym`~ gz
~fma+ O thp nmo~mk nzht
apmkg ~thznp tzeod o ~fm
yjko` o~mzmp~"
Thp ~fmzm hb obnowon}hk l}~ponm
l}z ghaok tfl thp h ahclz
ob}mb`m<
Nhwon Pkwmp~mz+ ~fm tzo~mz hn
`zo~o`" O tzemn to~f foa h
`ykm g pftp" Fm thp `kpm
~ ah hz~op~p hn jmkomwmn
o pyyz~od ~fpm tf tmzm
nmz h~~h`e"O jmkomwmn o fop
womt" Fm jm`ham h zkm!anmk"
Flt tl}kn l} p}a }y tfh~
ah~~mzp alp~ ~l l}<
Tfh~ ah~~mzp ~ am op tzeod
~ ymzphnm !jmkomwmzp ~fh~
hz~ `h mzo`f ~fmoz kowmp" O hkp
th~ ~ m`zhdm ~fma ~
fhwm `nm`m o ~fmoz t
ymzphk zmpypm+ hn ~ ~zp~
~fmoz t op~o`~p"
POZ bO@FlKHP PMZl^HNOZM@^lZ lG ^FM ^H^M
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
xmkkmn j ~fm gkkam~ g z jhpo` pzwowhkmmnp5 fm`m z hyym~o~m gz am tokk hkp jmkoao~mn" Dowm ~fh~ ~fm dnp ~fh~ z hyym~o~mpnmpozm hzm+ o `~zhp~+ g~m o koao~mn pyyk+`o`~ `h jzmhe ~ o ~fm p~zddkm ~ j~ho~fma" lm g ~fm ampphdmp majmnnmn o Ykh~‟pa~f g ~fm kp~ `o~ g H~kh~op op ~fh~ ~fop p~zddkm`h kmhn p ~ kpm mwmz~fod tm fhwm"
bz n z yzjkmap to~f am mn ~fmzm" Tm `h xo`ek p~hz~ nmpozod am hp h mnhn ~ cp~ h amhp+ hn ~fop nmpozm ~ fhd ~ z am hn dkh~ wmz o~ `h yzmwm~ p gzajod ~fm ~fodp ~fh~ tkn ph~opg ~fmz nmpozmp"Gz~h~mk+ Ykh~ hkp fknp ~fh~ tm fhwm h zh~ohkyhz~ g z h~zm ~fh~ `h donm p" lz nmpozm gzhn yzpo~ g am pfkn ~fp jm zmdkh~mn oh``znh`m to~f h joddmz yo`~zm g ~fm dn kogmjhpmn zmhp" ^fm xmp~o+ ~fm+ op ~fop3 ft ah eonp g nmpozm n fahp yppmpp hn ft ah `h jm pmzwmn j am<
Nophp~zp ayko`o~ l~fmz ~fdf~p gkkt gza Ykh~‟p mvhaykm"^fmzm op ~fm xmp~o g `khzo~" ^fm khdhdm ~fh~~fm `~mayzhz h`ohk pm`~z ~fztp h~ pmmnp ~ jm ykkmn ~ yom`mp hn zmjok~ p ~fh~ tm `h nmzp~hn o~" Jmgzm ~fm `zopop+ ah jhemzp+ zmdkh~zp hn m`aop~p h~ kmhp~ dhwm~fm oayzmppo ~fh~ k ~fm `kn nmzp~hn~fm `aykmv ah~fp jmfon o`zmhpodk o~zo`h~mh`ohk mdommzod+ hn ~fh~ mwmzm mkpm+o`knod yko~o`ohp+ pfkn km~ ~fma dm~ to~f o~hn cp~ mc ~fm o`zmhpmn tmhk~f ~fh~ ~fm tmzmdmmzh~od" Ap~ g p+ o`knod ap~ yko~o`ohp+ tmzm fhyy ~ h``my~ ~fop+ z h~ kmhp~ ~ ~ oxozm~ `kpmk" Hn ~fop `ayko`o~+ g `zpm+ thpnophp~zp" Og h`ohk yz`mnzmp hn yzn`~pfhwm onmmn jm`am oayppojkm ~ hz~o`kh~m`kmhzk+ ~fm ~fm pp~ma zmhkk fhp ~hem wmz+ hn tm fhwm ghz azm ~ tzz hj~ ~fh mwm ~fmjheod `zopop hn zm`mppo"
Tm hzm hkk tmkk!mxoyymn ~ `fhkkmdm ~fm cp~o`m g pam g ~fm amhpzmp ~hem ~ p~hwmgg ~fm oaamnoh~m `zopop+ tfo`f fhwm zmpk~mno yznm~ phwmzp &hn hkk ~hv!yhmzp/ jmod ymhkopmn ~ jhok ~ oayznm~ jzztmzp hn~fpm pmzwo`od ~fma" Poaokhzk+ tm ah fhwmazhk xhkap hj~ xh~o~h~owm mhpod+ tfo`ffhp mhjkmn jhep ~ h``mpp am `fmhyk hnpmkk o~ h~ fodf zh~mp+ ~fp `~ood ~ yz~gza ~fmoz t aop`n`~" Hn tm `h `mz~hok yz~mp~ hdhop~ ~fm ocp~o`m g `~ood ahppowm jpmp ~ ~fm maykmmp g ~fmpm jhep5gz~fmzazm+ p`f jpmp n ~ m`mpphzok h~~zh`~ ~fpm jmp~ h~ jheod"
Azm jzhnk+ tm aodf~ mvhaom ~fm `zzm~xmhp hn o`pop~m~ aov o z ~foeod hj~am+ hn mvykzm tfm~fmz h `~mayzhz zmtzeod g h m~fo`p g zopfod z mv`mkkm`maodf~ jm azm gzo~gk" Tm mmn ~ ~foe hj~ tfh~ o~ amhp ~ zopf+ hn tfm~fmz am op~fm k+ z ~fm jmp~+ amhp g h`fomwod z ahohoap" O ah th~ ~ j a om`m h mvympowm
^fm jheod kodyk mvykhop ~fmh`ohk h~hp~zyfm hn fhp jzdf~p ~ z emmp" O~ ap~ jm nopah~kmn+hzdmp Nohm @km
~a j~hkeobd ylob~p
Jhemzp‟ jpmp hzm ~ h yykop~ ponmpft o~fm nmjh~m hj~ m`ao` yko`" b~ k n~fm m`zhdm jhemzp ~ ~hem hn hkp `zmh~mmv~zhznohz zopep to~f ~fm h`ohk pp~ma+~fm fhwm hkp fhn h `zzpowm mggm`~ ~fzdf~~fm m`a" Zmpmhz`f yjkopfmn zm`m~k j ~fmOp~o~~m gz Gop`hk P~nomp pftmn ~fh~ ymykmmhzod 899+999 h mhz aodf~ ~foe g ~fmapmkwmphp zahk aonnkm!`khpp mhzmzp+ j~ ~fm‟zm ogh`~ o ~fm ~y m!fnzmn~f g ~fm o`amnop~zoj~o" Mwm h `ykm to~f =9+999 h mhz hn~t `foknzm jm~tmm ~fma hzm jm~~mz gg ~fh 49-g ~fm yykh~o" Pzyzopmn< Og p+ o~‟p jm`hpm tmfmhz hn pmm p a`f hj~ ~fm wmz zo`f ‐ ~fh~ op+~fm jhemzp" ^fmoz doknmn hdm kogmp~kmp kmn ah ymykm ~ponm ~fm h`ohk pm`~z ‐ mkpmtfmzm ojpompp+ hn o ~fm yjko` pm`~z ~ ‐ ~ jmkomwm~fh~ ~fm mmnmn khzdmz yh yh`em~p hn joddmzjpmp"
O ~fm }E+ koem ~fm }P+ ~fm ytmz hnyzaom`m g ~fm h`m pm`~z amh~ o~ pm~~fm azhk ~m gz ~fm zmp~ g ~fm m`a" O~m`zhdmn ~fm yzpo~ g fodf o`amp hp ~fmamhpzm g tz~f tfm o~ fhp hkthp jmm `kmhz ‐hk~fdf g~m odzmn o yp~!^fh~`fmz yko~o`p ‐~fh~ am k amhpzmp m eon g whkm+ hn opk m eon g zmthzn"
^fm yhp~o`fm wmzpo g m`ao`p+ ~fm ‖gzmmahzem~‟ whzom~+ tfo`f fhp naoh~mn ~fm yko~o`hk tzkn po`m ~fm fmodf~ g ~fm ^fh~`fmz hn
yzmpm~ jm`hpm O ~foe o~ tkn dowm fmz ykmhpzm+j~ ymzfhyp ~fop hoa tkn jm azm mggm`~owmk jzdf~ hj~ j dowod fmz azm g a ~oam"
Woz~mp hzm mmnmn ~+ koem `zhdm" Am fhp jmm hkktmn ~ h`xozm p`f h o~oaonh~od yzmpm`m o z `k~zm ~fh~ o~ ~hemp `zhdm ~dzhyykm to~f o~ hn y~ o~ o o~p ykh`m" @ponmz tfh~~fh~ aodf~ amh o mn`h~o" O~ tkn o`knm ~k h azm yzaom~ zkm gz h`ohk hthzmmppo ~fm `zzo`ka+ j~ hkp h azm mvyko`o~zm`do~o ~fh~ mn`h~o pfkn ~ hoa pkmk+z mwm `fom+ h~ m`ao` yzn`~owo~"
O~ op k tfm tm hkk nmwmky h nmmymz nmz!p~hnod g am ~fh~ tm `h p~y gmmkod pzmpm~gk hn gmhzgk hj~ o~+ hn p~hz~ y~~od o~ oo~p ykh`m"
Hbdom Fljjp op Pmbolz Gmkklt ob ~fm Y}jko`]bnmzp~hbnobd lg Yfoklplyf h~ Thzto`e ]bowmzpo~
8
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^Tl • M`ao`p hp og m~fo`p ah~~mzp
Zmhdh mzh+ fhp dowm zopm ~ ~fop jmkomg ~fh~dwmzam~ hn ahzem~p hzm pamft yypo~mp+hn tm fhwm ~ `fpm mo~fmz m z ~fm ~fmz" J~~fm onmh g h ‖gzmm‟ ahzem~ nmp‟~ amh a`f ~ap~ ymykm tf h`~hkk tze hp m`aop~p" O~‟ph amhodkmpp hjp~zh`~o" Mwmz ahzem~ op pfhymnmo~fmz j khtp hn zmdkh~op pm~ j dwmzam~z j ogzahk p`ohk zkmp" Ft tmkk ~fm ahzem~ymzh~mp nmymnp ~fop p`ohk gzhamtze ‐o`knod ~fm whkmp hn m~fo`p o~ majnomp"
@mz~hok h dmmzh~o hd+ hn o ~m to~f~fm yko~o`hk pyozo~ g ~fm ~oamp+ m`aop~p tmzmghz azm koemk ~ jm yzh`~opod h onmkdo`hkk kojmz~hzoh wmzpo g ~fm pjcm`~ tfo`f hppamnahzem~p tmzm hkthp ‖gzmm‟ hn ymykm hkthp‖zh~ohk‟" ^fh~ wmzpo pzwowmp o pam yzaom~m`khwmp hn hkthp dm~p h k~ g h~~m~o" J~~fpm hppay~op n‟~ nmm ~fm pjcm`~" ^fmem hppay~o op ~fh~ ymykm o dmmzhk h`~ o~fmoz t jmp~ o~mzmp~p+ tfo`f h`~hkk g~mowkwmp `!ymzh~o"
lggmnmn ytmz Hp Hnha Pao~f `mz~hok zmhkopmn &jmgzm fop kmdh` thp foch`emn gz yko~o`hk yzypmp/+ ahzem~p hzmp`ohk op~o~~op+ hkdponm hkk ~fm ~fmzp tfo`fpfhym z m`a ‐ jpomppmp+ !yz~p+op+ ghaokomp+ yjko` pm`~z jnomp+ hn ~fmdwmzam~" Koem h g ~fmpm ~fmzp+ ahzem~p tokkmajn o ~fm th ~fm hzm pm~ y `k~zhk jmkomgp+p`ohk zap+ hn ytmz p~z`~zmp ~" Hjn tf hhkpmp `aym~o~o tokk et ~fh~ ~fmzmkh~owm ytmz g `ayh mvm`~owmp+ maykmmphn `pamzp tokk noggmz fdmk gza ahzem~ ~ahzem~+ nmymnod ~fm ajmz g jpomppmpowkwmn+ ~fm ~zhpyhzm` g ogzah~ohwhokhjkm+ ~fm eon g yzn`~ z pmzwo`m jmod pknhn ah ~fmz nm~hokp"
^fm yko~o`hk noampo g ~fm ahzem~m`a fhp jmm khzdmk wmzkemn o nmjh~mhj~ ~fm h`ohk `zopop+ hn tfh~ ~ n hj~o~" lm mv`my~o thp h jzokkoh~ hz~o`km j ~fmAhpph`fppm~~p Op~o~~m g m`fkd+ hngzamz OAG+ m`aop~ Poa Cfp" O hhz~o`km o ^fm H~kh~o` A~fk o Ah :99? fmhzdmn ~fh~ ~fm jheod onp~z op h aodf~ kodyk tfo`f fhp ~hamn o~p zmdkh~zp hn ~fmyko~o`ohp" Keod h~ ~fm ap~k gmmjkm yko` zmgzap o~zn`mn po`m ~fm `zmno~ `z`f o kh~m:996+ ~fop op h gz`mgk hzdam~" Ap~ pmzoph`ohk m`aop~p jmkomwm ~fh~ o`zmhpmp o`hyo~hk zmxozmam~p+ ~fm mkoaoh~o g jp`k~zm hn ~fm jzmhe!y g ~fm jod jhep o~pahkkmz mp hzm zmxozmn+ hp xo`ek hp yppojkm"Yzmponm~ Jhzh`e ljhah fhp h~ khp~ p~hz~mn ~ h`~hdhop~ ~fm nma`zh~o` ytmz g ~fm jod jhep+hn fm tokk gh`m h mz`m jh~~km" ^fm pyk~~mzod ~zhdm g pmoz jhemzp wmz mwm aokn amhpzmpp`f hp Hkop~hoz Nhzkod‟p jp ~hv op ~fm wmz yo`~zm g ggmnmn ytmz+ hn ~fm Yzmponm~‟pyzyphk tokk jm jo~~mzk zmpop~mn"
^fm ytmz g ~fm jheod kodyk mvykhop~fm h`ohk `h~hp~zyfm" ^fm mhz!`kkhypm g ~fm
m`a thp nm ~ ~fm pzzmnmz g yko~o`ohphn zmdkh~zp ~ ~fm ytmz g ~fm jheod doh~p"Jhemzp‟ jpmp hzm ~ mwm h zmm`~o g ahzem~ gz`mp j~ g ~fm ytmz g ~fm kodhz`f" Tm fhwm fhn ~fod koem h gzmm ahzem~ m`a"^fm m`a g ~fm df~omp thp azm koem ~fmayk!naoh~mn m`a g ~fm 8?:9p"
O ah ‐ ymzfhyp ap~ ‐ `oz`ap~h`mpahzem~p tokk jm ~fm ap~ mggm`~owm am`fhopagz `!znoh~od ~fm h`~owo~omp g khzdm ajmzpg ymykm" Ft mggm`~owm nmymnp ft dn~fm kmdhk hn zmdkh~z gzhamtze pm~ j ~fmdwmzam~ op ‐ hn ft dn ~fm p`om~ op" Og ymykm khzdmk ~zp~ mh`f ~fmz+ to~f dn zmhp+hn og ymykm‟p zap g jmfhwoz zmm`~ pfhzmn`owo` whkmp+ ahzem~p tokk jm h ytmzgk ~k gzoayzwod p`ohk tmkkjmod"
Nohbm @lkm op ~fm nozm`~lz lg Mbkodf~mbamb~ M`lblao`p" Fmz jllep ob`k}nm fm Pl}kg}k P`omb`m&Yzob`m~lb ]bowmzpo~ Yzmpp/ hbn fm M`lblao`p lg Mbl}df &glz~f`laobd/
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
^FM M^FO@HK @lZMlG @lbPMZWH^OPA
To~f whkmp nh~od jh`e ~ Hzop~~km+ pmzwh~opa fhp hmnzod p`ohk zmkmwh`m ~fh~ tkn p~zoem h h~zhk fzn to~fh mt m~fo`p g o~ompfoy
em bl~m cmppm blZAhb
@pmzwh~opa o h gza op ~zopk fhzn ~ nmm+ hp ~fm `hzmmz g JmchaoNopzhmko okkp~zh~mp" ^fm d Nopzhmko y!ypmn p`ohk zmgza+ gz ~fm pn @!pmzwh~owm zmhpp ~fh~ o~ mznmn yzymz~ zodf~p hn k`hk onmymnm`m tfokm o!
`zmhpod ~hvh~o hn zmdkh~o" fm knmz Nopzhmko kmnp`ohk zmgza hp yzoam aoop~mz+ gz ~fm mxhkk pn@pmzwh~owm zmhpp ~fh~ o~ zmkomwmn ywmz~+ pxhkzhn fhznpfoy+ hn yza~mn p`ohk `fmpo"
^fop ~mpo jm~tmm yzo`oykmp op o~zopo` ~ `!pmzwh~opa o~pmkg" Onmymnm`m+ h~a+ gzmmna+khk~+ zmpypojoko~+ hpyozh~o+ ~kmzh~o+ ~fzog~ hn`ayhppo hzm+ o noggmzm~ thp+ hkk @pmzwh~owm whkmp" O~ op omwo~hjkm ~fh~ ~fm tokk `o`~ to~f mh`f~fmz ``hpo" @pmzwh~owmp h``my~ ~fop `o`~+yzmgmzzod ~fm p`ym o~ ggmzp ~ hyyk azhk cndam~o ``zm~m po~h~op zh~fmz ~fh jm h gkopf hnonmkdo`hk pop~m`" Onmmn+ ~fm ~fdf~ ~fh~ ~fmzm`h jm hjpk~mk `pop~m~ tz~ftfokm m~fo`hk~fmz op h @pmzwh~owm opodf~+ tfo`f fhp mknmnpam g ~fm dzmh~mp~ azhk yfokpyfmzp"
Og tm p~my jh`e gza yko~o`hk ~fdf~ ~ yfokp!yf+ ~fm+ tfh~ k~oah~mk nop~odopfmp `pmzwh~opagza o~p zowhk `zmmnp op ~ p a`f ~fm womtp o~ fknp‐ ~fdf pam g ~fmpm hzm oxm ~ pmzwh~opa ‐ hp ~fm th o~ fknp ~fma"
P`ohkopa hn kojmzhkopa hzm+ h~ z~+ ~fmzomphn onmkdomp ‐ gnham~hk o~mzyzm~h~op g ~fmh~zm g fop~z hn g ‖~fm dn‟+ gza tfo`f yko` yzdzhaamp hzm pamft ~ jm zh~ohkk ogmzzmn"
@pmzwh~opa op p`f ~fod" O~ op op~o`~owm+ ~~fmzm~o`hk5 h nopypo~o+ ~ h n`~zom5 zmhkop~o` hnp`my~o`hk+ ~ dzhnopm z ~yoh5 h``my~od ah‟poaymzgm`~ojoko~+ ~ zmp~kmpp ~ wmz`am o~5 hn pmmeod ~ oayzwm ~fm k~ g ~fm ah ~ j zmgmzzod ~ pamykh+ j~ j tzeod to~f ~fm dzho g ‖~fm `zemn~oajmz g faho~‟"
O m~fo`p+ o~ nmp ~ azhkopm z yzmh`f j~ tzepyzh`~o`hkk gza `hpm ~ `hpm+ yzmgmzzod jzhn yzo`oykmp~ fhzn!hn!ghp~ zkmp hn mp`fmtod ~fm dzhn ptmmy
g zh~ohkop~ ~fmzomp p`f hp ~oko~hzohopa"Op ~fmzm+ ~fm+ h nop~o`~owmk @pmzwh~owm m~fo`hk
~zhno~o< _mp+ hn o~ p~hz~p to~f Hzop~~km‟p khoa ~fh~‖ah op h p`ohk hoahk‟" ^fm tzn gz ‖p`ohk‟ fmzm opyko~oep+ tfo`f hkp amhp ‖yko~o`hk‟" Tfh~ Hzop~~kmamhp op ~fh~ aheon op yhz~ g h~zm+ hn ah‟p th~zm op ~ jm to~f ~fmzp+ o h ykop z `o~!p~h~m"
^fop zmahze ah pmma jhhk ~nh+ j~ o gh`~ o~op h nmmy opodf~" Hzop~~km tzo~mp ~ amzmk hp h yfo!kpyfmz j~ hp h tzeod p`om~op~+ ~fm ap~ zmwmzmno ~fm h`om~ tzkn" J k`h~od ah jhknk to~foh~zm+ fm nozm`~p h~~m~o ~thznp tfh~ op dowm+ ~! thznp ~fm fmzm hn t ‐ hn p ~thznp h nmmymz !nmzp~hnod g fahp hp onowonhkp hn hp h pym`omp"Etkmndm op dznmn o ~fm p~n g ~fm h`~hk tzknhp o~ op" ^fm jhpo` m~fo`hk xmp~o g ft tm hzm ~ kowmjm`amp z~mn ~ o h yzozo zh~ohk zmm`~o+ j~o h nmzp~hnod g ft tm o gh`~ n kowm"
Hp p`ohk hoahkp+ g `zpm+ fahp dzt y op`om~ to~f mh`f ~fmz" ^fm kmhz ~ h`~ tmkk z jhnk+hn p `fhzh`~mz op pfhymn j `~mv~ hn yjzodod" Woz~m op ~fp pmm j Hzop~~km ~ hp opyozmn j hj!p~zh`~ azhk owmzphkp+ j~ hp h nopypo~o pfhymn j fhjo~ hn `k~zm hn ~zhno~o" @fhdm op nmzp~nhp m`mpphz+ zdho` hn dzhnhk+ ~ hp oh~mk nm!pozhjkm hn nopco~mn gza ~fm yhp~"
Tm `h pmm ~fm pham ~mpo o ykh h~ ~fm nht g ~fm anmz yko~o!`hk mzh" @ponmz Fjjmp‟p ghap‖p~h~m g h~zm‟+ o tfo`f hkk hzmh~ thz to~f mh`f ~fmz+ hn kogm ophp~+ jz~opf hn pfz~" ^ hwon
~fop+ Fjjmp `khoap+ tm m~mz h p`ohk `~zh`~3 h jhzdho tfmzmj tm dowm y pam h~a ~ h pwmzmodytmz tfo`f tokk aho~ho znmz hn p yz~m`~ pgza z mmaomp+ namp~o` hn gzmod"
^fop p`ohk `~zh`~ thp ~ h fop~zo`hk mwm~+hn op tfmzm tzo~~m nt" O~ op h dham!~fmzm~o`hjp~zh`~o gza kogm" ^fm @pmzwh~owm yfokpyfmzMnan Jzem h~~h`ep ~fop womt"
Gz Jzem+ hp gz Hzop~~km+ ah op h p`ohk hoahk"^fmzm `h ~fp jm mvykhh~z whkm ~ `ponmzod h p~h~m g h~zm o tfo`f ah op pamft ~ jm !nmzp~n onmymnm~k g p`om~3 ah‟p h~zhk p~h~mop owok p`om~ o~pmkg"
Tfmzm Fjjmp nmkojmzh~mk odzmp ~zp~+ k~zmhn ~zhno~o+ Jzem ~zmh~p ~fma hp `p~o~~owm g zfaho~" Tfmzm Fjjmp p~zmppmp ~fm yzoah` g ~fmonowonhk tokk+ Jzem p~zmppmp ~fm h~zhk zm`oyz`o~ g zodf~p hn n~omp tfo`f ``zp to~fo p`om~"
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
Tfmzm Fjjmp pmmp gzmmna hp mdh~owm+ kod o~fm hjpm`m g `p~zho~+ Jzem khp ~fm dzn gzgzmmna hp h ypo~owm whkm+ hp h `hyh`o~ hggznmn j p`om~ gz h onowonhk ~ zopf" Gz Jzem o~ op o~fm wmz p~zhood op~o~~op g h znmzmn p`o!m~ ~fmapmkwmp+ o ~fm ‖ko~~km ykh~p‟+ ~fh~ gzmmnaop ~ jm gn"
Hn o~ op ~mtz~f ~fh~ ~fm yfokpyfmz Ao`fhmkPhnmk+ tf nmkowmzmn khp~ mhz‟p JJ@ Zmo~f Km`~zmphn tzo~mp o ~fop yjko`h~o ~+ zp~ ahnm fop hamj hnwh`od cp~ ~fm pham nmzkod zo~oxm hdhop~ Cf Zhtkp‟p ghap ~fmz g cp~o`m" Koem Fjjmp+Zhtkp owo~mp p ~ m~mz h ~fdf~!mvymzoam~3 ~ cndm azhk oppmp gza jmfon h ‖wmok g odzh`m‟+o tfo`f tm n ~ et o hnwh`m tfh~ zkm z p~h~p tm tokk fhwm" Hn koem Jzem hn Hzop~~km+ Phnmk xmp!~op ~fm p~hz~od hppay~o ~fh~ yzomp h ymzp hth gza p`om~" Tm hzm+ fm opop~p+ o~zopo`hkk p`ohkhoahkp"
O fop Zmo~f Km`~zmp+ fm mv~mnp ~fop womt p~okk gz!~fmz" Xmp~op g tfh~ tm pfkn n o p`om~ hzmhwonhjk azhk xmp~op+ fm php" ^fop azhkhpym`~ h~ jm mvykhomn hth+ hp m`aop~p hn
~m`f`zh~p aodf~ nmpozm" J~ mxhkk+ o~ `h~ jmzmn`mn ~ h m!posm!~p!hkk azhk `hk`kp" Mh`f
xmp~o ap~ jm hhkpmn h `hpm!j!`hpm jhpop"^fm zodf~ m~fo`hk hyyzh`f mdhdmp to~f ~fmpm nog`k~oppmp+ j~ o h pyozo~ g faoko~3 hthzm g ~fm yppojok!o~ g ghokzm+ hn gkk g zmpym`~ gz tfh~ op dowm o z`k~zm+ hn gz ah‟p ykh`m o ~fm tzkn" O~ op h wmz Hzop~~mkoh yo`~zm" Hn h wmz @pmzwh~owm m"
btfmzm op ~fop `kmhzmz ~fh o ~fm ~zmh~am~ g cp~o`m" Hp Nopzhmko‟p `hzmmz okkp~zh~mp+ h @pmzwh!~owm tokk h~zhkk gmmk h `gko`~ g yzo`oykmp fmzm+jm~tmm zmpym`~ gz ~fm zkm g kht+ hn ~fm nmpozm ~mpzm pjp~h~owmk cp~ ~`amp o pym`o` hpmp"^fm zmpk~ ah jm pahkk h`~p g amz`+ z tonmpyzmhnp`ohk zmgza" J~ h @pmzwh~owm tokk hkp op~o`~owmk hwon ~fm dzhn j~ whdm `khoap hj~ p`ohk cp~o`m tfo`f fhwm jm`am p ghaokohz o zm`m~ mhzp+ hn tfo`f g~m kmhnp ~ p`ohk ahoykh~o hn nm!pozmn ~`amp zh~fmz ~fh cp~o`m o~pmkg"
^fmpm yypod ~zhno~op `~om ~ p~z`~zmnmjh~mp mwm ~nh hj~ `pmzwh~opa hp hdhop~kojmzhkopa hn p`ohkopa" J~ ~fm mayfhpop ghkkp oh noggmzm~ ykh`m o mh`f `hpm" P`ohkopa nmzowmp o~p~yohopa hn jmkomg o ~fm p~h~m k~oah~mk gzaYkh~ ‐ hn ~fm azhk o`~ jm~tmm `pmzwh~opahn p`ohkopa g`pmp ~nh ~fm zkm g ~fm p~h~mhn o~p oayh`~ fah tmkkjmod"
J~ ~fm yfokpyfo`hkk nmmymz o`~ op ~fm m tm fhwm ~mn jm~tmm pmzwh~opa hn kojmzhkopa"Gz ~fop op h `o`~ hj~ ~fm h~zm g fah gzmm!na3 ~fm yzm`no~o gz `fo`m+ hn p gz azhk!o~ o~pmkg" ^fm kojmzhk womt op hzon hn ~ m`f`zh~o` ‐ h dham!~fmzm~o` womt g ah hp ~zhaamkmn tokkhn g gzmmna hp ~fm hjpm`m g ofojo~o" b~fod `kn jm gz~fmz gza ~fm @pmzwh~owm‟p ypo~owm azhkopop~m`m ah hp fah hoahk hn fah`k~zm+ op~o~~op hn `hyhjoko~omp"
Tf+ ~fm+ nmp hkk ~fop ah~~mz< Tf ap~ h ‖mt azhko~ g dwmzam~ hn `o~osmpfoy‟ nzht ~fop@pmzwh~owm m~fo`p< H zp~ hptmz op ~fop3 jm`hpm~fh~ m~fo`p op jhpmn whkmp p`f hp zmpym`~ gz ~fmzphn gz ~zhno~o+ hpyozh~o+ hn ymzphk gzmmna hnzmpypojoko~ ‐ whkmp tfo`f fhwm jmm h`~owmk nmz!aomn o ah thp j zm`m~ Jzo~opf dwmzam~"
J~ h nmmymz hptmz tkn jm ~fop3 odzod fahjmodp hn fah h~zm op hkthp nophp~zp gzp`om~" ^fm dzmh~mp~ mwokp g ~fm :9~f `m~z ‐ ~foeg Fo~kmz+ P~hko+ Yk Y~ hn ~fmzp ‐ tmzm aao~!~mn j zkmzp o ~fm dzoy g h mv~zmam yko~o`hk z zmko!dop z zh`ohk ~fmz hj~ p`om~ hn ‖~fm dn‟" Hnhkk+ ~fmpm mv~zmamp hyhz~+ tm `h pmm ~fm pham yfm!am kpmz ~ fam o z htmn yjko` nmz!p~hnod g m`ao`p+ t naoh~mn j ~fm ndahg m!kojmzhkopa+ z ‖ahzem~ gnham~hkopa‟" fop womt op tonmk fmkn o dwmzam~+ o ~fm owok pmzwo`m+o ~fm @o~ hn o jpompp" J~ hdho o~ odzmp tfh~fahp hzm zmhkk koem" O~ pmmp ymykm hp h`ohk h~ap`~ gg gza mh`f ~fmz+ zh~fmz ~fh hp akm`kmp o h`m`~mn p`om~" O~ zmdhznp ahzem~p hp mnp o ~fma!pmkwmp+ zh~fmz ~fh hp onowonhk op~o~~op azhkk majmnnmn o p`om~" Hn ~fm o~mkkm`~hk gnh~opg ~fop onmh kom o kojmzhk zh~ohkopa"
J~ Hzop~~km thp zodf~3 am hn tam hzmp`ohk hoahkp+ to~f hkk ~fm dkzop whzom~+ p`ymhn oaymzgm`~o tfo`f ~fh~ pddmp~p" ^fm `h~jm khon pam Yz`zp~mh jmn g onmkd"
Cmppm Blzahb &cmppmblzahb"`la/ op ~fm @lbpmzwh~owm yhzkohamb~hz hbnonh~m glz Pl}~f Fmzmglznpfozm" Fop jllep ob`k}nm l!h}~flzobd @layhppolbh~m@lbpmzwh~owopa &Ylko` Mv`fhbdm/ hbn @layhppolbh~m M`lblao`p &]bowmzpo~ lg J}`eobdfha Yzmpp/
‖@pmzwh~opa nmp ~ azhkopmz yzmh`f j~ tzep yzh`~o`hkk+yzmgmzzod jzhn yzo`oykmp‟
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
KOJMZHKOPA3 ^FM EM_^l AlZHK ZMbMTHK
Ghz gza aheod kojmzhk azhko~ h p`hymdh~ gz ~fm pfz~`aodpg z yko~o`hk m`a+ tmpfkn jm majzh`od o~ hp~fm pk~o ~ z yzjkmap
h mkm`~zo` pf`e fhp jmm hnaoop~mzmn~ z jn yko~o`" fm mhz!amk~ntg ~fm `hyo~hk ahzem~p `ajomn to~fh faokoh~od pmzomp g zmwmkh~op wmzAYp‟ mvympmp fhp gmkkmn h omwo~hjkm+hn tmk`am+ zm!`ponmzh~o g ~fm
m~fo`hk nmzyoodp g z yko~o`hk m`a" ^fmh`om~ `o~omp g Kn hn Tmp~aop~mz+ ~to myo!`m~zmp g m`ao` hn yko~o`hk ytmz+ gmmk hp z~~mhp Zam nmz @hkodkh"
Ah g ~fm tzo~mzp o ~fop wkam hzdm ~fh~ ~fm`zopmp zmpk~ gza ~fm zmykh`mam~ g h yko~o`hk azhko~ g ~fm ‖`aa dn‟ to~f h ‖onowonhkop~o`‟+ ‖h~!aop~o`‟+ ‖m!kojmzhk‟ z ‖kojmzhk gnham~hkop~‟ womt g ~fm tzkn" O ~fm pmhz`f gz `kyzo~p+ kojmzhkp hnkojmzhkopa fhwm jmm gn dok~+ h~ kmhp~ j hpp`oh!~o" J~ kojmzhk azhko~+ yzymzk nmzp~n+ op ~~fm yzjkma" O~ op ~fm pk~o" Kojmzhkp zm`dopm ~fh~gzmm p`om~omp zmxozm hn zmp~ y `mz~ho wo~hk azhk woz~mp" ^fm poayk opop~ ~fh~ ~fmpm hzm woz~mp ~fh~`h~ jm kmdopkh~mn gz" Hp Yzgmppz Hkh Zh y~p o~+kojmzhkp th~ ‖wk~mmzp gz woz~m+ ~ p`zoy~p‟"
Kojmzhkp hzm op~o`~owmk mzwp hj~ ow`h~opg ~fm ‖`aa dn‟+ jm`hpm g gmhzp hj~ tf opdod ~ nmm o~" ^fm nhdmz op ~fh~ ~fm o~mkkm`~hk zyko~o`hk mko~m oaypmp ~fmoz onmh g ~fm `aa dn ~fm zmp~ g p`om~" Pam ~fm yko~o`hk kmg~ aodf~hzdm ~fm `aa dn tokk jm pmzwmn j h ahvoaa thdm+ jhp `fmhy hk`fk+ z `aykpz w~od"J~ ~fmzm tokk jm ykm~ g p`ohk pmzwh~owmp opop~!od ~fh~ ~fm aa dn op jmp~ pmzwmn ~fzdf kmdhkjhp hjz~o+ nowz`m z dh hny~o" Tf op ~ph tfo`f wmzpo g ^fm Dn op ~fm zodf~ m< H phgmzp~hz~od yo~ op ~fm kojmzhk yzo`oykm ~fh~ ymykm pfknjm gzmm ~ `k~owh~m ~fmoz t wmzpo g h dn kogm ‐ pkd hp ~fm n fhza ~ ~fmzp"
bm g ~fop op ~ pddmp~ ~fh~ azhko~ fhp ykh`m o yjko` kogm+ z o yko~o`hk m`a" Xo~m ~fmyypo~m3 kojmzhk p`om~omp hn m`aomp zmk p`ohk woz~mp p`f hp fmp~+ o~mdzo~ hn eonmpp" J~ o~op ~ pddmp~ ~fh~ tfokm op~o~~op h k~owh~m hn
m`zhdm ~fmpm woz~mp+ o~ op ~ yppojkm ~ kmdopkh~mgz ~fma" Dzmmn op ~ dn" J~ o~ op kmdhk"
O ~fm mn+ mh`f g p ap~ nm~mzaom z t whkmpp~ma"lg `zpm `aao~omp `h hn n om`mymykm j~+ hp Hahz~h Pm yo~p ~+ ‖k~oah~mk o~ oponowonhk whkh~o tfo`f tm fhwm ~ nzht+ tfokmzm`dopod ~fm yzgn o~mznmymnm`m g ~fm whk!h~op g ymykm tf o~mzh`~ to~f mh`f ~fmz‟"
O~ op nmzp~hnhjkm+ dowm ~fm zm`m~ yko~o`hkhn m`ao` zopmp+ ~fh~ whzop pfhnmp g aa!o~hzoh ~foeod pfkn jm ghpfohjkm hdho" Hn~fmzm op a`f o ~fm tze g `aao~hzoh tzo~mzpkoem @fhzkmp ^hkz+ Hkhp~hoz Ah`O~zm hn Ao`fhmkPhnmk ~ hnaozm" J~ ~fmzm op mmn gz h ‖`aa!o~hzoh ~z‟ o yko~o`hk ~foeod" Kojmzhk azhko~ ggmzp h azm zjp~ gzhamtze gz ~h`ekod ~fm ap~oayz~h~ oppmp gh`od p" ^t mvhaykmp fmky ~okkp~zh~m ~fm yo~3 omxhko~omp o m`ao` ytmzhn `koah~m `fhdm"
fmzm op tonmpyzmhn hdmz h~ ~fm jp!mp p~okk nkmn ~ o ~fm @o~+ hn ~fop fhpnzht `kpmz h~~m~o ~ kmwmkp g m`!ao` omxhko~" fm g`p g ~fpm ~fm
kmg~ op ~yo`hkk o`am omxhko~" J~gza h kojmzhk ymzpym`~owm+ ~fm yzjkma g
o`am omxhko~ op kmpp yzmppod ~fh ~fm yzjkma g tmhk~f omxhko~" Hn ~fm zm`m~ zmyz~ j Yzgmppz Cf Fokkp gz ~fm bh~ohk Mxhko~ Yhmk pftmn ~fh~o~ op o tmhk~f+ zh~fmz ~fh o`am+ ~fh~ ~fm ap~ tz!zod dhyp hzm ~ jm gn" lg `zpm+ kmwmkp g tmhk~fhzm `kpmk zmkh~mn ~ kogm~oam o`am kmwmkp" J~ ~fmzmhk ocp~o`m op o ~fm th ~fh~ tmhk~f jmdm~p o~pmkg+~fzdf `hyo~hk dzt~f hn yzymz~ yzo`mp"
Gz ~t m~zomp+ kojmzhk yko~o`hk azhko~ fhp ahnmh pfhzy nop~o`~o jm~tmm ‖mhzmn‟ hn ‖mhzmno`am‟" Zhno`hk kojmzhkp tmzm o ~fm whdhzn g khn~hv hnw`h` o ~fm kh~m 8?~f hn mhzk :9~f `m~z"‖}mhzmn o`am‟ gza khn tmzpfoy z ofmzo~!h`m ‐ am ~fh~+ o Cf P~hz~ Aokk‟p yfzhpm+ ‖ghkkpo~ ~fm a~fp g ~fm zo`f hp ~fm pkmmy‟‐ pfknjm hddzmppowmk ~hvmn" H khn whkm ~hv pfkn jm ~fm hdmnh+ z h~ kmhp~ `hyo~hk dhop ~hv yzo`oyhkzmponm`mp &zhopod hzn 7"= jokko h mhz/+ hp tmkk hph pjp~h~ohk zh~`fm~od!y g ofmzo~h`m ~hv" Op~mhn tfh~ tm fhwm pmm o zm`m~ mhzp op h nmmyk mno!god yko~o`hk jonnod thz jm~tmm Khjz hn ~fm@pmzwh~owmp ~ zmn`m ofmzo~h`m ~hv" Khjz ao!op~mzp mwmz ~ozm g zmaonod p ~fh~ ~fm ^zomp th~~ zhopm ~fm mokod gz OF^ ~ 8 aokko" fm hzm azm` hj~ ~fm dwmzam~‟p nm`opo ~ zhopm ~fm
e m b l ~ m Z o ` f h Z n Z m m w m p
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
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M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
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yko~o`p n tm th~<
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Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
`mokod &gz ahzzomn `ykmp/ gza 0:=+999 ~7=9+999 ‐ h awm tfo`f kmhwmp ~fm ^zmhpz h~ kmhp~8 jokko h mhz tzpm gg"
Tmhk~f+ azm ~fh o`am+ mxhkp ytmz ‐ hn o~op ~fm nop~zoj~o g ytmz ~fh~ op ~fm ap~ oponopgza g omxhko~" @pamz ahzem~p hzm zmhphjk dn h~ noggpod ytmz" Khjz ahzem~p hzm kmpp p+~ kmhp~ jm`hpm g ~fm mhz!ayk g ~fm co~p~`e `ayh o ~mzap g `zyzh~m dwmzh`m" Tfh~ op zmxozmn op h zhno`hk zmnop~zoj~o g ytmzo ~fm m`a hp tmkk hp yko~o`p" Kojmzhk m`ao`ppyyz~p amhpzmp p`f hp ~hv jzmhep gz maykmm!tmn zap+ dzmh~mz ytmzp gz pfhzmfknmzp wmz mv!m`~owmp+ hn a`f dzmh~mz nma`zh~o` ~zk g ~fmt wo~hk dkjhk h`ohk op~o~~op"
hnao~~mnk+ ~fm ~fmamp g maykmm ytmzhn a~hk `zyzh~m p~z`~zmp fhwm ~jmm hp p~zd o zm`m~ kojmzhk ~fdf~hn yko~o`p hp ~fm pfkn fhwm jmm"Yko~o`p gz p a`f g ~fm :9~f `m~z thp pmm ~fzdf ~fm p~hkm nhkopap g
p~h~m w ahzem~+ z p~h~m w onowonhk" l~fmz pyh`mp o tfo`f ytmz op mvmz`opmn+ ~ kmhp~ to~fo ~fm za hn to~fo `hyo~hk ahzem~p+ tmzm mdkm`~mn"
J~ ahzem~p+ koem p~h~mp z ghaokomp z `aa!o~omp+ df~ ~ jm cndmn j ~fmoz p``mpp h~ dowod ymykm ytmz wmz ~fmoz t kowmp" O~ op m g ~fm dzmh~p~zmd~fp g kojmzhk yfokpyf ~fh~ o~ op hdp~o` ~fm g~okm+ ~ozmn nmjh~mp hj~ tfm~fmz m op yz! zh~o!ahzem~+ yz! z h~o!p~h~m" Og ahzem~p dowm ymykmazm gzmmna hn ytmz+ ~fm pfkn jm tmk`amn" Tfm ~fm n‟~+ ~fm pfkn ~" Hp ~fm yfokpyfmz Ch~fh Z ïm y~p o~+ kojmzhkp hzm o ghwz g ‖gzmm pyoz!o~p+ ~ gzmm ahzem~p‟"
Tfmzm kojmzhk azhko~ h`xozmp zmhk ~mm~f op tfm~fm h`~op g m ymzp z dzy fhza h~fmz" O~~fmzmgzm ggmzp h azm zjp~ gzhamtze gz nmhkod to~f ~fm ap~ yzgn azhk `fhkkmdm g z hdm+~fm nmp~z`~owm fmh~od g ~fm ykhm~" Mn Aokojhn+~fm pm`zm~hz g p~h~m gz mmzd hn `koah~m `fhdm+fhp yo~mn ~ ~fh~ ‖~fm ymykm tf hzm ap~ wk!mzhjkm ~ koah~m fhdm+ ~fm ymykm tf tokk pggmzzp~ ‐ onmmn hzm hkzmhn pggmzod ~nh ‐ hzm ~ oz modfjzfnp+ z `~z+ z mwm z `~o!m~"‟ Fm tm~ ~ ph ~fh~ ~fop m`mppo~h~mp h mt ‖azhk `hpm hn yko~o`p ‧ nop~o`~ gza h nozm`~ yko!~o`p g pmkg!o~mzmp~"‟
Aokojhn op zodf~" J~ ~fm azhk `hpm `h jm jok~ ~fm kojmzhk fhza yzo`oykm" ^fm nozm`~ fhza `hpmn~ ~fmzp j z ykk~od h`~owo~omp+ ~fm gh`~ ~fh~ ~fm
fhza `zppmp h jznmz z h `mh nmp ~ ah~~mz"Fhza ~ ~fmzp yzwonmp pg`om~ hpm gz pjp~h!~ohk o~mzwm~o ~ `zj ~fm jmfhwoz o xmp~o"@hzj ~hvmp+ fmhw zmdkh~o g maoppop+ hn h!~ohk zhn!yzo`od tkn hkk jm mvmaykhz `hpmp g kojmzhk azhko~ o h`~o"
H~ ~fm pham ~oam+ kojmzhk yfokpyf op gzmm g ~fmah~mzohkopa ~fh~ nmzyop anmz p`ohkopa hnkhoppms!ghozm pmzwh~opa" Kojmzhk yko~o`hk m`aop~pfhwm pmm m`ao` dzt~f hp h y~m~ohk amhp ~~fm mn g fah nmwmkyam~ ‐ j~ hkp h yppojkm~fzmh~" Aokk thp ~fm zp~ m`aop~ ~ pmm h ‖p~h~o!hz p~h~m‟ o m`ao`p hp h y~m~ohkk ypo~owm dhk3‖H p~h~ohz no~o g hyo~hk hn yykh~o oa!ykomp p~h~ohz p~h~m g fah oayzwmam~" ^fmzm tkn jm hp a`f p`ym hp mwmz gz hkk eonp g am~hk`k~zm+ hn azhk hn p`ohk yzdzmpp5 hp a`f zagz oayzwod ~fm Hz~ g Kowod hn a`f azm koemko!fn g o~p jmod oayzwmn+ tfm aonp `mhpm ~ jmmdzppmn j ~fm hz~ g dm~~od "‟ Modf~ nm`hnmp kh~mz+ Cf Ahhzn Emmp+ tz~m3 ‖O~ tokk jm ~fpm ymykmp tf `h emmy hkowm+ hn `k~owh~m o~ h gkkmz ymzgm`!~o+ ~fm hz~ g kogm o~pmkg hn n ~ pmkk ~fmapmkwmp gz~fm amhp g kogm+ tf tokk jm hjkm ~ mc ~fm hj!nh`m tfm o~ `amp‟"
@~mayzhz p`om~ op o zdm~ mmn g azhkzmmthk ‐ ~ k jm`hpm g ~fm nmmy omxhko~ompo ytmz dmmzh~mn j h jzem yko~o`hk pp~ma hnjhezy~ yko~o`hk m`a+ j~ jm`hpm g ~fm yz!gn `fhkkmdm yzmpm~mn j `koah~m `fhdm ~ zm!`mowmn onmhp g nmwmkyam~ hn yzdzmpp" ^fm cj`h~ jm ~pz`mn ~ yfokpyfmz!eodp+ yhon ~ nz azhkosod gz p" Hp `zmh~zmp g ~fm Mkodf~m!am~+ tm hzm mh`f azhk hdm~p o z t zodf~+ to~fzmpypojoko~ gz z jmkomgp+ h`~op hn zmkh~opfoyp"‖O~ op kdmz yppojkm ~ jmkomwm‟+ tz~m ~fm zhno`hkm`aop~ M"G" P`fah`fmz+ ‖~fh~ h yko~o`hk z m`!ao` zmgza+ z p`om~o` hnwh`m+ z ~m`fkdo`hkyzdzmpp `kn pkwm ~fm kogm!hn!nmh~f yzjkmap g onp~zohk p`om~" ^fm kom ~ nmmy+ o ~fm fmhz~ hnpk g mwmz m g p" O~ op ~fmzm ~fh~ ~fm aho tzeg zmgza fhp ~ jm nm‟"
Zo`fhzn Zmmwmp op Nozm`~lz lg Nmalpttt"nmalp"`l"}e
‖Kn hn Tmp~aop~mz+ ~fm~to myo`m~zmp g ytmz+ gmmk hpz~~m hp Zam nmz @hkodkh‟
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
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Ft n tm nm`onm
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M`ao`p hp og
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HG^MZTlZN
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@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
YlKO^O@P A}P^ @lAMGZlA ^FM YMlYKM
O o~p mayfhpop mxhko~+gzmmna hn aao~+ m~fo`hkp`ohkopa majzh`mp whkmp tfo`f+dowm zmmtmn mayfhpop+ tknfmky ~ zmyhoz jzem Jzo~ho
e m b l ~ m clb `Z}nnhp ' clbh~fhb Z}~fmZlZn
fm h`ohk `zopop fhp ~hem Jzo~ho ~ ~fmjzoe g h hjpp" Ke nt hn pmm zm!m`~mn ~fm eon g `~z tm fhwm jm`am3nhp~o` tmhk~f gz ~fm gmt hkdponm pamg ~fm fodfmp~ kmwmkp g ywmz~ hn omxhk!o~ o Mzym" Azm fam tmzpfoy+ j~
owmp~am~ o fpod gz ~fm mv~ dmmzh~o hnt h `fzo` pfz~hdm g nm`m~ famp" lz m`a dzmt hppm~ jjjkmp hn pym`kh~o ~fh~ komn ~fmy`em~p g ~fm zo`f" Tm kowm o h `pamz tnmzkhn+j~ kt yh hn p~hdh~ thdmp fhwm kmn ~ yzm`!mnm~mn ha~p g ymzphk nmj~" Hn haonp~ ~fmdoknmn jhjkmp op h tomz!~hemp!hkk p`om~ h~ zope gzao`zmhpod kmwmkp g kmkompp hn am~hk okkmpp"
^fm yko~o`hk hn jpompp mko~mp majzh`mn gzmmahzem~ `hyo~hkopa koem h jkon gho~f" ‖^fmzm op hk~mzh~owm‟ ~fm khoamn ‐ hn pokm`mn hkk yypo~o"Yzdzmpp thp nmmn o ~mzap g m`ao` mg`om` hn op~zam~hk `aym~m`m zh~fmz ~fh fah tmkkjmod3 p`fk yyokp tokk kmhz azm+ zpmp tokk`hzm azm mg`om~k+ ghaokomp tokk tze fhznmz" Ymykm tmzm whkmn j ~fmoz ahzem~ p``mpp z yzn`~owmpmgkmpp" bt ~fm `zopop fhp kmg~ ~fm mko~mp ~zhyymno ~fm nop`zmno~mn z~fnvomp g ~fm yhp~" ^fm tmzm tzd hn z nma`zh` hn kojmz~omp fhwm jmm no!aoopfmn" H zm`m~ yoo ykk zmwmhkp ~fh~ k 80ymz `m~ g p ~zp~ yko~o`ohp" Ah fhwm kp~ fymo yko~o`p hn fhwm ~zmn ~thzn azm ymzphk o!~mzmp~p o pyozo~hko~+ onm~o~ hn m~fo`hk kowod" J~jmgzm p kom ~fm ~fzmh~p g h jzem hn npg`~o!hk m`a+ dkjhk thzaod+ zmpz`m nmykm~o hn~fm mn g ok" ^fmzm hzm onowonhk pk~op ~ ~fmyzjkmap tm gh`m"
Tm mmn ~ zmnop`wmz z `hyh`o~ gz `kkm`~owm`fhdm+ hn jmdo j hpeod zpmkwmp pam gnh!am~hk xmp~op" Ft n tm th~ ~ kowm< Tfh~ eong p`om~ hn m`a n tm th~< Tm jmkomwm ~fh~~fm jmp~ fym gz Jzo~ho o ~fm aod nm`hnm op h mt eon g p`ohk nma`zh` ~fh~ nzhtp ~fm ~zhno~og m~fo`hk p`ohkopa hn tfo`f dztp ythzn gza ~fmymykm" O~ tokk jm h hgzah~o g ~fm znohz mwmz!
nh kogm g z tze+ z ghaok+ kwm hn gzomnpfoyp"O ~fop hgzah~o tm `h jmdo zmjoknod ~fm onmhg h `aa dn" Hp ~fm bmt Kojmzhk hn yommz g m~fo`hk p`ohkopa+ Kmhzn Fjfpm+ tz~m+ ‖P`om~ mvop~p o onowonhkp ‧ o~p kogm op ~fmoz kogm+ hn ~fod ~ponm ~fmoz kogm"‟
Amhod o z kowmp nmp ~ am gza jod z pmkkod" O~ op ~ amhpzmn j ~fm ~hzdm~p tm amm~z j ~fm ha~ g am tm h``akh~m" H p`om~ zdhopmn hzn ~fmpm eon g whkmp tokk gnmz oofokopa" lz kowmp hzm dowm amhod j z zmkh~o!pfoyp hn `m`~op ~ ~fmz ymykm" Tm k ~fzowm tfm tm mvymzom`m ~fm gmmkod g phgm~ hn tfm tmfhwm h pmpm g jmkdod" Tm mmn ~ et ~fh~ tmhzm tz~f jmod kwmn+ hn ~ et ~fh~ tm fhwm ~fmmp~mma hn zmpym`~ g ~fmzp" ^fmpm hzm ~f m gnh!am~hk mmnp g fah jmodp hzn tfo`f h p`o!m~ ap~ zdhopm o~pmkg"
^fmpm whkmp hzm ~fm knmp~hz ~fh~ tokk donm p o~~fm g~zm" ^fm gh`~ g z kowod ~dm~fmz o ~fm phamp`om~ zmxozmp p ~ ~foe hj~ cp~o`m hn ~ hpexmp~op hj~ tf nmpmzwmp tfh~ hn tfh~ ap~ jmpfhzmn" Hp ~fm Gzm`f p`ohkop~ Yhk Zo`mz tz~m3 ‖~fmcp~ ah op ~fm m tf ~hemp ~ a`f o ~mzap g hnwh~hdmp z ~ mdf o ~mzap g jznmp‟" Mxhk!o~ op ~fm m~fo`hk `zm g cp~o`m jm`hpm onowonhkp hzmg mxhk whkm" O~ op hkp ~fm yzm`no~o gz gzmmna+~ k gza ~fm `aykpo g ~fmzp hn ~fzdf hghoz nop~zoj~o g zmpz`mp+ j~ hkp h ypo~owm gzmm!na ~thzn pmkg!gkkam~" fm yfokpyfmz @fhzkmp^hkz hzdmp ~fh~ z nmpozm gz pmkg!gkkam~ fhpm~mzmn nmmy o~ z `k~zm" ^fop m~fo` g pmkg!gk!kam~ owkwmp ~fm zodf~ g mwmzm ~ h`fomwm ~fmozt oxm th g jmod fah3 ~ nopy~m ~fop zodf~o ~fmzp op ~ ghok ~ kowm to~fo o~p t ~mzap" Mxhk!o~ hn gzmmna hzm ~ yypo~mp+ ~fm hzm jzdf~~dm~fmz j `aao~" Tm kdmz kowm o `aa!o~omp o tfo`f ymykm pfhzm ~fm pham `p~ap hn`k~zm+ j~ ~fm onmhk g `aao~ zmahop hp yt!mzgk hp mwmz+ jm`hpm o~ op hj~ ~fm a~hk h~zm g fah zmkh~opfoyp"
fm whkmp g m~fo`hk p`ohkopa hzm mxhko!~+ gzmmna hn `aao~" O~p yko~o`p oppfhymn j zm`oyz`o~ ! ‖n ~ n ~ ~fmzp tfh~ tkn ~ koem ~ jm nm ~ ‟! hn donmn j yzhdah~opa" b~ h yzhd!ah~opa g ‖tfh~ tzep‟+ j~ m jhpmn
hzn ~fm xmp~o g tfh~ cp~o`m gnham~hkk zmxozmp" Tm mmn ~ hyyk ~fmpm whkmp ~ ~fm m`!a" Jzo~ho fhp ~ ahem ~fm ~zhpo~o gza hpo
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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HG^MZTlZN
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@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
hyo~hkopa ~ h kt hzj+ azm jhkh`mn hn m~f!o`hk m`ao` nmwmkyam~" ^fm `fhdm nmahnp hm`ao p tfpm yzo`oykmp hzm pp~hohjkm hn yz!n`~owm tmhk~f zmh~o+ nzhjoko~+ zm``kod+ k~zhkowm~owmmpp+ mxhko~+ hn fah zopfod" ^fmgnham~hk kdo` g ~fop mt m~fo`hk m`a mmnp~ jm m`kdo`hk pp~hohjoko~" @koah~m fhdm+ ymheok+ ~fm mmn gz mmzd hn gn pm`zo~ hzm hkk `zmdzmm oppmp ~fh~ kom h~ o~p fmhz~"
Dwmzam~ pfkn ~hem h mt p~zh~mdo` h!~fzo~+ zp~k ~ zmdkh~m ~fm h`ohk pm`~z hn ~nmgmn p`om~ gza ~fm nhahdod hpym`~p g ahzem~`hyo~hkopa+ hn pm`nk ~ h`~ hp h nhao` joknmz g ~fm mt dzmm onp~zohk zmwk~o g ~fm g~zm" Tm tokk mmn ~ p~zmd~fm `owok p`om~ zdhoph~op+ yhz!~o`khzk ~fm ~zhnm op" H m~fo`hk m`a pfknjm h``~hjkm ~ tzemzp+ `pamzp hn `o~osmp~fzdf m`ao` nma`zh` hn gzap g aatmzpfoy" Ahzem~p mmn ~ jm zm!majmnnmn o p`om~ hn h zm`oyz`o~ zmmp~hjkopfmn o ~fmoz `~zh`~hk hg!ghozp" fm onmh g ~fm `aa dn h jm mv~mnmn ~~fm dkjhk kmwmk hn ~ mt gzap g dkjhk m`ao`hn h`ohk dwmzh`m"
hkdponm ~fm yzn`~owm m`a tm mmn~ nmwmky h yjko` pmzwo`m g `fokn`hzm`m~zmn ~fm ma~ohk nmwmkyam~g `foknzm+ hn pyyz~ gz yhzm~hk zm!kh~opfoyp" lknmz ymykm mmn h `hzmpp~ma ~fh~ hggznp ~fma ~fm pham pj!
p~h~owm gzmmnap hp ~fmzp o p`om~" ^fm aokkopg `hzmzp mmn yzymz fmky hn h`ohk pyyz~" Tmpfkn zm`wmz ~fm yzo`oykm g owmzphk jmm~p hnp`ohk opzh`m" H nm`m~ `o~osmp ympo `kn jm`m`~mn y ~ `fokn jmm~ hn ~fm `fokn ~zp~ gnhn nmwmkymn o~ h `o~osm‟p o`am yhhjkm ~ mh`fonowonhk hp h zodf~ g `o~osmpfoy" ^fop tkn jm h`no~ohk+ !to~fnzhthjkm o`am ~fh~ dhz!h~mmp h``mpp ~ ~fm m`mppo~omp g kogm"
H m~fo`hk m`a zmxozmp h zmwowhk g yko~o`hknma`zh` ~ jzod ~fm p~h~m+ wmp~mn o~mzmp~p hn mko~mp~ h``~ hn ~ zmm`~ ~fm ykzhk h~zm g Jzo~ho" O~ tkn amh o~zn`od yzyz~ohk zmyzmpm~h~oo k`hk hn h~ohk mkm`~op+ h mt pp~ma g yhz~ gnod + h mkm`~mn Fpm g Kznp hn ~fm zmwowhkg k`hk dwmzam~ ~hv!zhopod ytmzp o znmz ~nmmym hn mv~mn nma`zh` ~fzdf p`om~" ^fmpm`fhdmp tokk jm am~ j mz`m zmpop~h`m gza ~fpm tfgmhz yykhz nma`zh` z gmhz kpod pam g ~fmozyzowokmdmp o h ghozmz p`om~" lz m~fo`hk whkmp fhwmgzaonhjkm mmaomp+ j~ z p~zmd~f komp o ymykm
zdhopod ~dm~fmz gz h jm~~mz tzkn"Nmpyo~m ~fm nopokkpoam~ to~f yko~o`hk yhz~omp+
~fmzm op h mv~zhznohz kmwmk g yko~o`hk+ `k~zhk hn`aao~ h`~owo~ o z p`om~" O~ fhp dzt ~g h nowmzpo~ g jmkomgp+ kogmp~kmp hn k`hko~omp hno~ op `zmh~od mt eonp g zdhoph~o ~fh~ tokk zm!`m`~ ymykm ~ yko~o`hk ytmz" Gz mvhaykm+ ~fmFym ~ Fh~m `hayhod hdhop~ ~fm ghp`opa g ~fmJzo~opf bh~ohk Yhz~ fhp pmn mt o~mzm~ ~m`fk!d ~ zhyonk jokn y h nh~hjhpm g 899+999 pyyz~!mzp" _d ymykm hzm cood hn kmhnod ~fm mamzd!od koah~m awmam~" Koem mhzk p`ohkopa+ ~fm hzmaheod yko~o`p ymzphk hn azhk+ hpeod ~fm oa!yz~h~ xmp~op hj~ ~fm thp tm kowm hn tfh~ o~amhp ~ jm fah"
Og ~fop op ~ jm h nm`hnm g hp~mzo~ tm `h kmhzgza Hzop~~km+ gz tfa hp~mzo~ op ~ h hjpm`m g ykmhpzm+ j~ h woz~m tfo`f op yhz~ g gzomnpfoy hn cgkmpp" O~ poayk mv`knmp ~fpm mcam~p ~fh~hzm nmp~z`~owm g ymzphk zmkh~mnmpp" Tm tokk mmn~ pfhzm ~ z zmpz`mp ~ `zmh~m h azm mxhk+ o!`kpowm hn cp~ p`om~" P`ohk mv`kpo hn kmko!mpp nmzaom z zmpokom`m hn pmkg!mp~mma hno`zmhpm z gmhz+ hvom~ hn fp~oko~" Hn tm tokkmmn ~ `zmh~m mt eonp g kogmp~kmp hn ykmhpzmp+ thp~od kmpp+ hn `fhdod ~fm jhkh`m gza yzowh~m`pay~o ~thzn ~fm azm pp~hohjkm `pay!~o g yjko` dnp"
lz m~fo`hk kogm jmdop o z ymzphk zmkh~opfoyphn o~ mv~mnp ythzn o~ p`om~ hn o~ yko~o`p"J~ o zm`m~ mhzp ~fop `m`~o fhp jmm jzemhn ~fm yjko` tzkn g jpompp hn yko~o`p fhp kp~o~p m~fo`hk noampo" ^fm `aod mkm`~o op ~fm mn!dham g ~fop kn mzh" Tfm~fmz Khjz zmahop o dw!mzam~ z zm~zp ~ yypo~o+ ~fmzm fhp ~ jm hgnham~hk zmhppmppam~ g o~p onm~o~" b~fod opdhzh~mmn+ j~ ~fm yyz~o~omp gz h azm m~fo`hkyko~o`p hn m`a o ~fm nm`hnm hfmhn hzm zmhk" Hmt p`ohk nma`zh` amhp h p~zd+ zmpypowm hnykzhk nma`zh`+ h zmp~zh~o g ~zp~ o yjko` kogm+hn h m~fo`hk hn m`kdo`hkk pp~hohjkm m`a gz p`ohk cp~o`m hn mxhko~" O~ tokk jm ~fm dzmh~ `fhk!kmdm g z ~oam+ hn o~ tokk pfhym ~fm kowmp g dmmzh!~op ~ am"
Clb @z}nnhp op ~fm AY glz Nhdmbfha" Clbh~fhb Z}~fmzglzn op Yzlgmpplz lg @}k~}zhk P~}nomp h~ Aonnkmpmv ]bowmzpo~
‖^fmzm op h mv~zhznohz kmwmk g yko~o`hk+ `k~zhk hn `aao~ h`~owo~ o z p`om~‟
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
Khjz‟p mxhko~omp jokk ~fztp o~pfhzy zmkomg ~fm noham~zo`hkk yypmnyzo`oykmp g mxhko~ hn kojmz~+ php Ckoh Dkwmz
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
O o~p kh~mz mhzp Jzo~ho‟p Khjz dwmzam~ fhp~hem zmgdm gza o~p nog`k~omp j h~~may~od ~yhpp h pmzomp g kmdopkh~owm nm`khzh~op" Fymgk tznp+ apf onmhkp+ hn tfh~ @fz`fokk koemn ~`hkk ‖fhyy ~fdf~p‟ fhwm zmykh`mn pjp~h`m"lk ~fm fmhz~kmpp+ aoop~mzp zmhp+ `kn jcm`~~ h kht jhod `fokn ywmz~+ z pm~~od ~ h zodf~~ `h`mz ~zmh~am~+ z jhkh`od ~fm ^zmhpz‟pjep+ z nj~ h~~may~od ~ mv~zh`~ ppfomgza ``ajmzp" J~ ~fm ap~ dzomwp mvhaykm g ~fop p~h~m!ph`~omn zjjmz!p~hayod g h~ohkdhkp z onowonhk zodf~p yzaopmp mxhko~ o ~fmham g nmgmnod kojmz~" ^fop m nmp‟~ mwm tze yhymz"
Hnw`h~mp g ~fm jokk yzmpahjk pmm o~ hp~fm k~oah~m ~zoayf g ~fm yzdzmppowm p~h~m3p~zd dwmzam~ tzeod o h ~oam g `zopop~ nmgmn ~fm tmhe onowonhk" ^fm n ~ pmm~fm `~zhno`~o" Mxhko~ op ~ gnham~hk~ kojmz~" O~ op o~p o~zh`~hjkm yypo~m" Khjzfhp th~mn ~ jm kojmzhk hn `kkm`~owop~ h~ ~fmpham ~oam" J~ o~ `h k jm m g ~fpm ~fodp"Pm~~od mxhko~ hp ~fm dhk nmomp+ ~ nmgmnp+ ~fmoayz~h`m g onowonhk noggmzm`m" O mggz~+ zhjoko~ z `oz`ap~h`m ymykm tokk mwmz jm hkoem"O h gzmm p`om~+ pam ap~ jm hkktmn ~ ghok"
Mwmz yko~o`oh th~p ~ jm ~fdf~ h kojmzhk~fmpm nhp ‐ mwm Dzn Jzt+ hnno`~mn ~fdffm op ~ p~zd aykomp ‐ j~ k ~fm jzhwmmp hnao~ ~fh~ h yzymzk kojmzhk p`om~ aodf~~ hkthp jm wmz o`m+ z wmz ghoz z wmz mxhk+j~ ~fh~ ~fmpm ~fodp ah~~mz kmpp ~fh jmod gzmm"^fm tzn kojmzhk+ koem yzdzmppowm+ fhp jmm pyok~j wmzpm" P`ohkop~p+ j jzztod ~fm ~fmz g ypo~owm kojmz~ &tfo`f mayfhpopmp ~fm zkm g ~fmp~h~m/ fhwm mdkm`~mn ~fm a`f azm oayz~h~nmo~o g kojmz~ hp gzmmna gza o~mzgmzm`m+ap~ g~m o anmz p`om~ j ~fm p~h~m"Onowonhkp fhwm kp~ ~ ~ p!`hkkmn `aao~omp+ tfo`f hzm ~fm dowm pym`ohk zodf~p hn yz~m`~o"
^fm mxhko~omp jokk ~hemp ~ mv~zmamp ~fmpmkg!`~zhno`~z onmh ~fh~ kojmz~ `h k jmdhzh~mmn j dwmzam~" O~ pmmep ~ khppmwmz `fhzh`~mzop~o` g fah nowmzpo~ ‐ gzafapmvhko~ ~ jzmhp~ gmmnod ‐ o~ m g`ohk`zzhk" Gzmmna op ahnm nmymnm~ p~h~m h`~o"Mwmzm ap~ jm ahnm ~fm pham o znmz ~fh~ ~fm ~fm jm ymzao~~mn ~ p~hn hyhz~"
Hnw`h~mp g ~fm mxhko~ jokk aodf~ `~mz~fh~ ~fm hzm poayk ~zod ~ ggmz mwmzm jhpo`yz~m`~o gza ghoz ~zmh~am~" ^fm
h ~hkeobd ylob~p
@hb l} nmp`zojm ~fm m~fo`hk
gzhamtlze ob tfo`f l} dzmt }y"
A yhzm~p tmzm j~f n`~zp"
^fm tmzm‟~ tmkk gg z nmmyk
zmkodop+ j~ ~fm fhn ~fm
fodfmp~ m~fo`hk p~hnhznp hn
`aykm~m o~mdzo~" ^fm tkn
mwmz fhwm zmpz~mn ~ h
gza g `fmh~od z nm`mo~"
^fm yhon ~fmoz jokkp j zm~z"
A gh~fmz+ maykmn j h k`hk
h~fzo~+ tkn mwmz fhwm
ahnm h yzowh~m ~mkmyfm
`hkk gza ~fm g`m z pmn
h g`m p~hay gz h yzowh~m
km~~mz" O ~foe O hjpzjmn ~fmpm
whkmp j h yz`mpp g papop+
p~zdk zmogz`mn j a
mn`h~o"
Flt oaylz~hb~ hzm m~fo`p lb h
nh!~l!nh jhpop<
Hp jhzzop~mz hn cndm+ a
yzgmppohk kogm fhp jmm
pym~ o h p~zo`~k m~fo`hk
mwozam~" ^fmzm hzm ah
~fodp tfo`f hzm dmmzhkk
nmzp~n j cndmp hn
jhzzop~mzp ~ jm poayk ~
‐ ~fh~‟p h gmmkod ap~ cndmp
hn jhzzop~mzp pfhzm"
Nl l~fmzp pfhzm l}z l}~klle<
^fm aho `fhdm tfo`f O fhwm
~o`mn+ hn tfo`f O nmykzm+
op h dmmzhk nopzmdhzn gz ~z~f"
Nz Cfp phon3 ‖O~ op azm
gza `hzmkmppmpp hj~ ~z~f
~fh gza nmkojmzh~m kod ~fh~
~fmzm op p a`f ghkpmfn o
~fm tzkn‟" O ~foe `hzmkmppmpp
op `aynmn j pyo+
yzyhdhnh hn zmpz~ ~
aopkmhnod fhkg!~z~fp" ^fop op
~ h wmz zm`m~ nmwmkyam~+
j~ O n o~ h wmz nmyzmppod
m" Og O tmzm ~fm mv~ YA
O tkn y~ zmp~zh~o g
yjko` ~zp~ o ~fm `aykm~m
~z~f g g`ohk p~h~mam~p
fodf a hdmnh" O ~foe h
kh`e g m~fo`hk hthzmmpp thp h
ahcz ~zoj~z ~ j~f ~fm
zm`m~ h`ohk hn yko~o`hk
p`hnhkp"
Tfh~‟p l}z ymzplbhk m~fo`hk
`lnm<
O tkn fym ~fh~ a
t yfokpyf g kogm op
khzdmk `o`onm~ to~f ~fm
bmt ^mp~ham~+ ftmwmz
oaymzgm`~k zmhkopmn o
yzh`~o`m"
KlZN JObDFHAGlZAMZ PMbOlZ KHT KlZN
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
Nl m~fo`p ykh hb oaylz~hb~ zlkm
ob l}z kogm hbn tlze<
^fm `mz~hok n ‐ O thp
jzdf~ y ~ `ponmz ~fm
mggm`~p g a h`~op ~fmzp+
~ ahem am nmzp~hn ~fh~ O
n‟~ h`~ hkm" O‟a ~fm knmp~
g pmwm pojkodp+ p O thp
hkthp ahnm hthzm ~fh~ ~fm
~fmzp tkn jm th~`fod a
jmfhwoz hn ahjm `yod
o~"
Hblbm tfl thp hb m~fo`hk
obpyozh~olb<
Ahz~o K~fmz Eod" O et fop
ymzphk kogm thp ~zjkm~+ j~
fop yjko` kogm thp mvmaykhz"
Fm ~e h p~hn hn fm non
o~ to~f o~mkkodm`m hn
`ayhppo"
Nl l~fmzp pfhzm l}z m~fo`hk
ymzpym`~owm<
O ~foe kmpp hn kmpp ~fh~ ~fm
n" Tm kowm o h `mkmjzo~ hdm
hn azm hn azm ymykm
pmma ~ gmmk ~fm mmn ~ jm
wopojkm+ ~ jm podkmn ~"
^heod h jh`e pmh~+ km~~od
~fmzp d gzthzn+ ahjm
h``my~od ~fh~ z t ~oam
fhp yhppmn z ~fh~ gh~m fhp
o~mzwmmn ‐ ~fmpm womtyo~p
n‟~ pmma ~ jm h``my~hjkm
~nh" Mo~fmz ‟zm o gz~
z ‟zm ~fh~ ap~ nzmhnmn g
onowonhkp ‐ h ‖kpmz‟"
Hzm ~lnh‟p `foknzmb dzltobd
}y to~f ~fm m~fo`hk gzhamtlze
l}‟n koem<
O‟a ~ h a~fmz+ j~ O ~foe
pam yhzm~p hzm gzodf~mmn
g ~fmoz `foknzm z hzm o htm
g ~fma z kowm wo`hzopk
~fzdf ~fma" Ah `foknzm
~nh pmma ~ fhwm
`foknfn ‐ h~ kmhp~ ~ ~fm th
O dzmt y+ ykhod gzmm to~f
yzmppzm ~ `aym~m"
Tm‟wm zm`mb~k mvymzomb`mn
bhb`ohk `zopop hbn ylko~o`hk
p`hbnhk ‐ non mo~fmz obwlkwm
m~fo`p lz ~fm kh`e lg ~fma<
Jm`hpm g ~fm zhyon
yzkogmzh~o g z ~m`fkd
‐ tfo`f op dztod ghp~mz
~fh z hjoko~ ~ `ym to~f
o~ ‐ h eon g ahhdmzohk aon
fhp zopm ~ ~fm gzm+ chzd!
khnmn" lz ~m`fkd
nmahnp ~mnod hn ~fmzm
hzm wmz gmt jzhop `hyhjkm g
dm~~od ~ hfmhn g o~" ^fm
~m`fkd `zmh~mp h eon
g fadmoph~o tfo`f
`zmh~mp o~p t+ khzdmk jhhk+
m~mz~hoam~!jhpmn `k~zm"
^fop jhhkoph~o `zmh~mp h
‖km~‟p d gz o~‟ m~fp+ wmz fhzn
~ ~z jh`e jm`hpm o~‟p koemn
~ h~zhk fah hddzmppo"
Tfh~‟p l}z yfoklplyf lg kogm<
Fah kogm op h `~oa"
Mwmz h`~o `zmh~mp o~p
yypo~m h`~o+ tfm~fmz tm
hzm p`op g o~ z ~"
JlbbOM DZMMZ YKH_TZODF^ HbN @ZO^O@
`kn `khoa ~fh~ ~fm hzm mfh`od kojmz~ j mdommzod tfh~ Jzo~opf yko~o`ohp koem ~`hkk ~fm ‖yyz~o~ p`om~‟ hn Hp~zhkohp ‖hghoz d‟" &H zm`m~ mtpyhymz ykk gn ?8- g Hp~zhkohp jmkomwm ~fop op ~fmoz `~z‟p nmod whkm/" J~ tfh~mwmz ~fm h`fomwm+ o~ tokk `mz~hok ~ jm mxhko~ g ~`am5 ~fh~ tkn ~hem h p`ohkhn m`ao` zmwk~o tfo`f ahop~zmhayko~o`oh o Jzo~ho nhzmp yzypm+ ~fdf ~fmzm oph `hpm gz m"
H aov g Ahzv hn ~fm fm AhpmYmzwmzpmk+ dwmzam~‟p hajo~op gz pfhyod p`om~ o ~fop th fhwm mvyhnmn wmz ~fm khp~:9 mhzp cp~ hp o~p `~zk g ~fm m`a fhp`~zh`~mn" Tfh~ m`ao` kojmzhkopa dhomn ~fm m fhn+ p`ohk kojmzhkopa kp~ ~fm~fmz" Dzn Jzt+ jmgzm :996+ thp `~m~~ ~pz`m o~mzmp~ zh~mp ~ ~fm Jhe g Mdkhnhn yz~!aheod ~ ~fm @o~ g Kn+ j~ fmhkp awmn ~fm ^zmhpz o~ mt hzmhp g p`ohkh`~o+ ap~ g hkk j zmpfhyod ~fm jmm~ppp~ma pod ~hv `zmno~p ~ m`zhdm yhzm~po~ tze"
bmt Khjz+ o o~p zp~ nm`hnm o ytmz+~zmn ~ ~ jm ghz azm o~mzwm~oop~ ~fho~p 8?>=!=8 yzmnm`mppz o zmpfhyod p`om~ ‐`fhayood `hpmp p`f hp mxhko~ hn nowmzpo~"J~ o~ thp h ~oaon apm tfm o~ `ham ~ ~`fod tmhk~f hn ~fm amhp g yzn`~o+ ~fm ~hpep~zhno~ohk p`ohkop~p pht hp ~fmoz yzozo~"
lm zmhp thp ~fh~ Ahzv fhp gz~h~mk jm`am aovmn y to~f ~fm Ahpm" O ~fm 8??9p ~fmkmg~ kp~ `nm`m o o~p m`ao` p~zh~md hn~zhpgmzzmn o~p p~h~op~+ o~mzwm~oop~ m~fpohpap~ p`om~" ^ Jkhoz hn Dzn Jzt j~f nzmt fmhwok ~fmoz zmkodop azhko~ ~ pm~ mt dhkpgz p`om~+ tfokm ntykhod ~fm oayz~h`mg m`ao`p" ^fm :996 `zopop pddmp~p ~fh~ ~fophyyzh`f thp ~fm tzd th hzn" Gmt tknnm ~fh~ ~fm p~h~m fhp gn h mt hn m`mpphz zkm jhokod ~ jhep hn yzoaod ~fm m`a"}gz~h~mk ~fop k pmmap ~ fhwm dowm ~fm kmg~dzmh~mz hn cp~omn `nm`m hj~ o~p hjoko~ ~ pfhym ~fmz hpym`~p g `o~omp‟ kowmp"
Kojmzhkp o ~fm KojNma hn @pmzwh~owmyhz~omp ‐ hn h fhngk oponm Khjz ‐ zmhkopm~fh~ ~fmzm op `~zhno`~o jm~tmm `~ood ~ xmp~o ~fm mggm`~owmmpp g ~fm p~h~m h`zpph tonmod zhdm g fah jmfhwoz ‐ hnpmmod o~p yzmpm`m hp fhzagk ‐ mwm hp o~ hyymhzpmppm~ohk ~ phwm ~fm tzkn m`a gza `kkhypm"Nhwon @hamz‟p :99? yhz~ `gmzm`m pymm`fh~~h`eod ~fm jod p~h~m thp `zo~o`opmn gz zp~yo~od ~ ~fm tmhemppmp g dwmzam~ hn~fm yzhopod ~fm bFP+ ~fm k~oah~m mvhaykmg dwmzam~ h`~o" ^fmzm thp h jwopokkdo`hko~" J~ ymzfhyp o~ thp @hamz‟p pyyz~gz p~h~m fmhk~f+ zh~fmz ~fh fop nop~zp~ g dwmzam~+ ~fh~ tokk p~hn ~ hp p~zhdm o ~fmkd ~mza"
^fm am`fhopap g anmz dwmzam~dzt mwmz azm o~zo`h~m+ j~ ~fm donod
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
KlZN TObP^lbGMZ^OKO^_ MVYMZ^
yzo`oykmp+ hn zkod nokmaahp+ p~h ~fmpham" Og th~ ~ ahem ymykm azm mxhk tokk fhwm ahem ~fma kmpp gzmm ~ gzdm hfmhn g ‐z ghkk jmfon ‐ ~fmoz gmkkt!`o~omp" ^fmzm op th zn ~fop `nza+ gza g tznp oh H`~ g Yhzkoham~ `h zmpkwm o~+ hn tm ap~mh`f g p+ o ~fm mn+ nm`onm tfo`f tm th~3 azmmxhko~ hn kmpp kojmz~5 z azm kojmz~ hn kmppmxhko~"
C}kohb Dklwmz op h D}hznohb lk}abop~
Kmg~ hn zodf~ hzm ~ cp~ yko~o`hk ~mzap+~fm zmyzmpm~ h pyko~ to~fo p hkk tfo`fap~ ~ jm mdkm`~mn j yko~o`ohp+ phpYkk ^jmm
h az j ~hkeobd ylob~p
Mwmzm op gz ‖ghozmpp‟" ^fm tomz g ~fm~oamkmpp ~d!g!thz jm~tmm yhz~omp op ~fm m tfjmp~ `hy~zmp ~fm pyozo~ g ‖ghozmpp‟ o ~fmoz ~oam"
Pam~oamp ~fm `m~zm g dzhwo~ ykkp kmg~thznp+ tfm w~mzp zmjmk h~ dz~mpxm tmhk~f ponm j ponm to~f pfhaod ywmz~+ ~fm zo`f `fokn tf `h~ghok jmponm ~fm yz `fokn to~f `fh`m+ dzmmn jhemzp jmponm fpyo~hk `kmhmzp ~ mhzod mdf ~ emmy ~fmoz ghaok" O yko~o`hk m`ao`p~fh~ `hkkp gz ~fm joddmz p~h~m hn jm~~mz yjko`pmzwo`mp+ azm ~hvod g ~fm `agz~hjkm ~ fmky~fm gz~h~m+ ktmz yh h~ ~fm ~y hn h fodfmzaooaa thdm" Zmnop~zoj~o zmnzmppmp ~fmnmgzao~omp g ~fm ahzem~" ^fm m~fo`hk pfz~fhnphp3 pfhzod azm ghozk+ tm hkk n jm~~mz azhkk hn m`ao`hkk" ^fm bzno`p hzm ~fm anmk"
J~ hg~mz mhzp g h Khjz dwmzam~+ ~fm ~d ykkp o ~fm ~fmz nozm`~o" ‖Ghozmpp‟ ~fm zodf~amhp emmyod azm g tfh~ mhz+ ~fm p~h~m ~zmh`fod ~ nmmy o~ z y`em~+ jmxmh~fod tmhk~f ~ z `foknzm" Hwon ~fm azhk fhhznp tfmzm tmkghzm ~zp ~ ymykm o~ jmm~p`zdmzp" Thp~m azm `k`e!th~`fod cjptz~fp o ~fm yjko` pm`~z j~ zmthznhajo~o hn p``mpp o h p~zowod p`om~" P~h~mgmh~fmz!jmnnod op ~fm zhn ~ ymzphk omz~ohhn h~ohk zo" Zmnop~zoj~o op ~fmg~ gza ~fm~fzog~ ~ yh gz ~fm gm`ekmpp" ^fm m~fo`hk pfz~fhnphp3 dnmpp zmponmp o onowonhk mnmhwz+ ~~ jm ~pz`mn ~ ~fm p~h~m" Hamzo`h op ~fm anmk"
^fmpm ~t azhk owmzpmp nowonm ~ cp~ kmg~hn zodf~ w~mzp+ j~ zmyzmpm~ h pyko~ to~fo mwmz onowonhk ~ pam mv~m~" Po`m tm hkk zm`dopmh~ kmhp~ h ano`a g ~z~f o mh`f+ ~fm ~d g thzop oponm zpmkwmp hp tmkk" ^fmpm hzm ~t thzzod fhkwmp g ~fm fah yp`fm hn ~t m`mpphz yypo~mp po`m tm et k ~ tmkk tfh~ hmv~zmam mv`mpp g mo~fmz kep koem ! ~fm kn
Tfh~‟p ~fm jhpop lg l}z m~fo`hk
gzhamtlze<
^fm jhpop g hkk z m~fo`p op ~fm
ph`~o~ g fah kogm" O~‟p h~
~fm z~ g mwmz~fod tm ~foe
g hp azhko~ o z tzkn3 o~‟p
~fm jhpop g ft tm z z
p`om~ hn z mvop~m`m" ^hem
pam~fod koem ~fm oayz~h`m
g h nh g zmp~5 tfh~ ~fh~‟p
hj~ op zmpym`~od fah
kogm+ jm`hpm fah jmodp
`h‟~ tze pmwm nhp h tmme+
8: a~fp h mhz" fm mmn
~oam ~ zmp~" O thp zhopmn o h
Cmtopf ghaok hn ~fm m~fo`hk
gzhamtze ~fh~ dhwm am fhp
p~n am o dn p~mhn" J~
g `zpm n‟~ fhwm ~ jm
zmkodop ~ jm m~fo`hk+ hn O‟a
~ pzm O ha zmkodop" J~ o~
aodf~ fmky"
Nl l} fhwm `lb`mzbp hjl}~ ~fm
tonmz m~fo`hk `koah~m<
O‟a y~oaop~o` hj~ ~fm
m~fo`hk gzhamtze O pmm zn
am ~nh+ hn O ~foe h k~ g
~fm tzzomp hj~ o~ hzm h eon
g emm!cmze zmh`~o ~ mwm~p
~fh~ aodf~ ke hp ~fdf
~fm tmzm hj~ m~fo`p+ j~
h`~hkk tmzm‟~" ^fm ~o
~fh~ AYp‟ mvympmp thp h
h~ohk p`hnhk+ gz mvhaykm+
op pmpm3 ~fm gh`~ op+ ~fmzm
thp h `pop~m~ zm`do~o
~fh~ AYp tmzm ~ jmod yhon
mdf am ~ jm AYp"
Hn og hzm dod ~ h~~zh`~
~fm zodf~ ymykm mmn
~ yh ~fma yzymzk+ p ~fm
mvympmp tmzm h th g dm~~od
hzn jmod hjkm ~ yh ~fma
azm" O~‟p ymzgm`~k ~zm ~fh~ h
pahkk ajmz g AYp non h`~
nmmyk m~fo`hkk+ j~ ~fh~
thp ~fm mv`my~o ‐ og d
jh`e 899 mhzp O‟a pzm ‟n
n ~fmzm tmzm azm ~fh cp~
h gmt AYp h`~od m~fo`hkk
~fm hp tmkk" P ~fmpm mwm~p
tmzm zmhkk ~fod ~ n
to~f m~fo`p ‐ ~fm tmzm hkk ~
n to~f ahhdmam~+ hn
~fh~ ahhdmam~ tm~ ymhz!
pfhymn" J~ ~ ph hkk ~fop
zhopmp nmmy xmp~op hj~
z m~fo`p ‧ O ~foe ~fh~‟p
tzd" O gh`~+ tfm ~hem
h kdmz womt g fop~z O ~foe
~fmzm‟p ykm~ g mwonm`m ~
pddmp~ ~fh~ hp h p`om~ tm‟zm
h k~ azm hthzm g m~fo`hk
oppmp+ hn ~fh~ ~fmzm hzm
ykm~ azm yyz~o~omp
gz nmjh~m" P`om~op~p+ gz
mvhaykm+ ~hem h k~ azm
~o`m g m~fo`p ~fh ~fm pmn
~ n" Hn ke h~ ~fop wmz
yzcm`~+ gz mvhaykm ‐ o~‟p h
pod ~fh~ m~fo`p hzm jmod ~hem
pmzopk+ hn ~fh~ tm hp h
p`om~ hzm ~heod o~ pmzopk"
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
}PPZ z ^mvhp" O h mkm`~o mh`f ponm ~dpfhzn"
J~ o ~fop mkm`~o+ j~f ponmp yzm~mn ~fm fhwm ykm~ g ~fm ~fmz‟p m~fo`hk whkmp+ jkzzod ~fm komp azm ~fh mwmz jmgzm" bmt Khjz fhphkthp jtmn ~ ~fm @o~+ `z~mn jpompp hnh`m+ yzm~mnmn ~ jm ‖zmkhvmn‟ hj~ ~fm k~f zo`f hn ~ok ~fm mkmwm~f fz+ zmgpmn ~ ~hv~fma ghozk" ^fh~ ykmndm ~ hjkopf `fokn ywmz~ thp p~mhk~fok yzpmn+ jhzmk am~omn ~kn hn+ hp h zmpk~+ khzdmk ghokmn ‐ hn `mz~hok ghokmn ~ ymzphnm `o~omp g o~p oayz~h`m" l~fm ~fmz ponm+ @hamz ~hkep knk hj~ p`ohk cp~o`m+ `khoap ywmz~ hjko~o op fop hpyozh~o~+ yo~p ~ ‖jzem Jzo~ho‟+ oaykod fm tknpymn a`f mggz~ y~~od p`ohk npg`~o ~zodf~p" ^fop m~fo`hk `zpp!nzmppod kmhwmp ~fm w~mz~ nm`oyfmz ~fmoz ~zm azhk amhodp+ jp`zmno `nm3 ~fm w~mz op amh~ ~ jm `gpmn hn ~jmkomwm hkk ~fodp g hkk yhz~omp" ^fm zym fhp dmpkh`e o ~fm ~d g thz ‐ z p o~ `h pmma ~ok mhzk m~fo`hk ypo~ood op ~zhpkh~mn o~ fhzn yko`"
^fm a~f g w~od W~od op h yzgnk azhk ah~~mz" Mwmz w~mzmmnp ~ jmkomwm ~fm hzm `hp~od h m~fo`hk w~m gz~fm dn g hkk3 o~‟p ~ hj~ ~fm thkkm~ j~ whkmp! mwm og ykkp~mzp pft h zmahzehjk `wmom~pmzd jm~tmm ~fm ~t+ hp ~fm zo`f thznp w~m^z hn yz thznp w~m Khjz" J~ j~f ~foe~fm hzm w~od gz ~fmoz t m~fo`hk wopo g p`ohk cp~o`m" Hzm ~fm<
b+ g `zpm ~" ^fmzm op ahop~zmhaazhk ~foeod z zmkodo!jhpmn azhko~ ~fh~ nmp~ ~ok~ ~fm p`hkmp ~fm ponm g ~fm yz hdhop~~fm zo`f ‐ mv`my~ ~fm toknmz pfzmp g bzah Wo`m~ Ymhkm!zodoh~mn }P mwhdmkopa z HZhn‟p H~khp Pfzddmn5 fhznk ahop~zmha" fmyz pfhkk ofmzo~ ~fm mhz~f ‐ z h~ kmhp~ nmpmzwmh ghozmz pfhzm g o~ ‐ tfokm ~fm zo`f hzm ~zhyymn o~fm mm g ~fm mmnkm h``znod ~ cp~ hj~ mwmz azhk yfokpyf" ^fmzm hzm gke ~hkmp+ a~fpz ghoz p~zomp+ km~ hkm zmkodop fk jep tfmzm fhyy mnodp pft fmzo` hn zodf~mpzo`f ymykm ~zoayfod wmz yz gke ‐ z k j woz~pk zmnop~zoj~od ~fmoz am ~ ~fma"
^fop womt g p`ohk ghozmpp op fhzn!tozmn o~~fm naoh~ yhz~ g ~fm fah yp`fm gza~fm aam~ h `fokn zp~ php+ ‖O~‟p ~ ghoz‟" ^fmzp~ azhk ~fdf~ pyzodp gza ~fm mwk~ohz m`mppo~ ~ pfhzm hp p`ohk hoahkp3 hp h pym`omp tmhzm p~zdmz ~dm~fmz" J~ ~fh~ `khpfmp to~f h mwmazm yzoaznohk m`mppo~ gz pzwowhk ‐ dzhj tfh~ `h gz hn zp" P yko~o`ohp mmn ~ jmpzm ~ hyymhk ~ j~f fhkwmp g ~fm `~zhno`~z fah jzho ‐ tfh~ ~fm zmkodop ~zhno~ohkk a~fkdopm hp ~fm o~mzhk ~d jm~tmm h yz!p`ohk Dn hn h yz!onowonhk Ph~h"
Yko~o`ohp mdkm`~ mo~fmz h~ ~fmoz ymzok" ^fmkmg~ hyymhkp azm kg~ok ~ ~fm fodfmz oaykpm+ j~kpmp tfmmwmz o~ gzdm~p ~ ~fzt pam~fod ~ ~fmktmz jmhp~ ~3 ah tkn ph bmt Khjz dhwmhth ghz ~ a`f ~ ~fm kn nmwok" Nhwon @hamz
Khjz‟p ymzon o g`m fhp ghokmn~ hzzmp~ ~fm pyzmhn g Hgmh"Jkh~`fmzopa jm`ham Jzh~`fmzopa hn o~‟paheod p okk+ hzdmp lkowmz Champ
h a z~hkeobd ylob~p
^fmzm thp h ~oam+ hg~mz 8?>=+ tfm dwmzam~pm`zhdmn tam hn kt!o`am ymykm ~zmowm~ ~fmapmkwmp ~fzdf mn`h~o" Gz h~oam+ ~fop kmn ~ h fodfk nmpozhjkm kojmzh~o gza~zhno~ohk zkmp" @kkm`~owopa+ o tfo`f onm~o~ thp `gmzzmn ~fzdf dmnmz+ `khpp hn ghaok ypo~o+ thp zmykh`mn j onowonhkopa+ tfmzmonm~o~ op h`fomwmn ~fzdf mn`h~o hn `hzmmz"
^fop ~zmn ``zzmn ~ pam nmdzmm ~fzdf~~fm nmwmkymn tzkn" J~ koem Mzymhyko~o`ohp+ zp pymtmn ~fm Hamzo`h whkmp ~fh~‖hpyozh~o‟ ~ am hn ytmz woh mn`h~o thphkk hm pfkn `hzm hj~" O~ thp h w~m!tomz‐ ~ k pfkn fhwm fodfmz mvym`~h~op+~fm hzm z m~o~kmam~" @~ kpm+ ymykm kemn~thznp gz h nmo~o g ~fop onowonhk ~fm tmzm pyypmn ~ jm"
^fm nowz`m zh~m mvyknmn+ ykh~mhod o ~fm8?69p+ hp nopph~opmn pypmp tm~ o pmhz`f g ^fm Zmhk Am" ^fm ha~ g p`ohk `ayhzop ‐Emmyod }y To~f ^fm Cmpmp ‐ ~ k o`zmhpmn+o~ jm`ham ahkhncp~mn" Aopmz gkktmn" J 8?69+h :=!mhz!kn tah thp jm~tmm ~fzmm hn ~m~oamp azm koemk ~ jm nmyzmppmn `ayhzmn to~ffmz a~fmz h~ ~fh~ hdm"
J~ og z m~fo`p tmzm hkzmhn gzhdam~od+^fh~`fmzopa `zmh~mn h m~fo`hk jkh`e fkm" bmwmzkm~ o~ jm gzd~~m ~fh~ o~ thp fmz Jod Jhd 8?64nmzmdkh~o g ~fm @o~ tfo`f `hpmn ‖~fm dzmmn opdn‟ whkmp hn ~fm m~fo`hk+ hp tmkk hp zmdkh~z+nm`o~p tfo`f mhjkmn ~fm @zmno~ @z`f" Tfm~fmzz ~ pfm mwmz phon ~fh~ ~fmzm op p`f ~fod hp p`om~+ pfm `mz~hok h`~mn hp og o~ thp p" Pfmnmp~zmn z `aa dnp+ mwm nt ~ p`fkykhod mknp"
^fh~ ~fm ddod g ~fpm mknp `~omn
p~mha!`kmhmn hth ~fm mv`mpp g hoahk hp~omppgza fop yhz~ to~f azhk hyymhkp ~ p`ohk cp~o`mhn dzmm phkwh~o+ dowod zmpym`~hjkm `wmz gz~fpm tf tkn w~m gz onowonhkopa to~f~hk~dm~fmz odzod ~fm ~d g ~fm p`ohk" ^fmzmop ~fm m~fo`hk nokmaah gz j~f yhz~omp ‐ ft ~ yzpm ~fmoz h~zhk jm~ tfokm nnod cp~mdf ~thznp ~fm ~fmz azhko~" J mkm`~o nh o~ tokk jm ~fm `kz g ~fmoz am ! tf yhp ~fm~hv+ tf dm~p ~fm jmm~ g yjko` pymnod ! ~fh~ tokk nmm ~fm m~fo`hk onm~o~ g mh`f yhz~"
Ylkk lbjmm op h lk}abop~ glz ~fm D}hznohb 8
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
nmz Jzt‟p `fh`mkkzpfoy hn ~fh~ ~fmm`ao` omxhko~ h`~hkk h``mkmzh~mn nmzJkh~`fmz hn Jzh~`fmz fhp jmm h ~zhdo` aoppmnyyz~o~ ~ zmpm~ z m~fo`hk `ayhpp" Hgmhjm`ham z aho nzowmz ! am+ yppmppop+hyymhzh`mp &yfpo`hk hn p`ohk/ hn gham" O~p whkmp hzm m~fo`hk3 ~fm m`zhdm k pmkg!hjpzy~o hn dzmmn"
Tm t fhwm h dwmzam~ o jmn to~f hazhkjhemzp tf gmmk cp~omn j Pmkpf Dmm onmkd &o~ op g~m gzd~~m ~fh~ Nhteop‟ je thpyjkopfmn o 8?47 ‐ o~ k jm`ham h jmp~pmkkmz tfm o~ pmzwmn hp h ypmn!p`om~o` cp~o`h~ogz ^fh~`fmzopa o ~fm 8?69p/" ^fm th~ p ~ jmPfy ^okk _ Nzy+ O~ @kn Jm _+ `zmno~!gmkkmn`pamz ceomp+ pp~hood ~fm dzt~f hnhpyozh~o gh~hp"
J~ ~fm pk~o fhp hkthp jmm p~hzod po ~fm gh`m3 jm koem Nmahze+ ~ Hamzo`h" Z`e!pkon Tzkn Fmhk~f lzdhoph~o p~nomp pft ~fh~ahokhn tmp~mz Mzymh h~op fhwm mvh`~k fhkg hp a`f am~hk okkmpp hp p &88"=- wp :0-/"bamzp Mzjhzam~mz pzwmp yzwm ~fh~ ~fm hkp fhwm ghz kmpp `ayzaopmn m~fo`p"
Og tm fhn jmm gkktod ahokhn MzymhP`ohk Nma`zh~o` yko~o`hk m`ao`p po`m ~fm8?79p+ ~fm p!`hkkmn jzem p`om~ &tfo`f zmhkk amhp ghz ~ Hamzo`hopmn onowonhkopa hngmaoopa/ tkn ~ fhwm fhyymmn+ z tknPmkpf @hyo~hkopa fhwm ahnm p po`e"
Pym`o` `zp~hk!jhkk dhod op koemk ~ jmh``zh~m+ j~ ~fmzm hzm pam dmmzhkoh~op hj~~fm g~zm tfo`f pmma `mz~ho"
H~ pam yo~+ `koah~m `fhdm tokk zmxozm ~fh~j~f onowonhk hn h~ohk m`ao` dzt~f tokk fhwm ~ jm hjhnmn hp dhkp o nmwmkymnh~op" Mwm~hkk+ mz dzt~f tokk jm`am ~fmh``my~mn dkjhk topna+ mnod Hgmh"
Ft ~fop tokk jm jzemzmn o ~fm nmwmkymn znmwmkyod tzkn op fhzn ~ ~mkk" ^fm ap~ jmod~`am tkn jm zmnop~zoj~o g tmhk~f hn tze ‐ h tzkn o tfo`f ~fm whp~ ahczo~ n 09fzp h tmme ‐ to~f h pjp~h~ohk nm`zmhpm oah~mzohk `pay~o j hgm~ h~op"
Ghv nma`zh` l ~fm yko~o`hk gz~+ yzmno`~od ~fm yz`mpp g ~zhpo~o gza ~fm yzmpm~ ghv!nma`zh` ~pam~fod jm~~mz op oayppojkm" Mwmz~fod gzajkn zmwk~o ~ jknkmpp ~zhpgzah~o`kn ``z" Tfh~ op `mz~ho op ~fh~ woz~hkk m yzmno`~mn ~fm ymh`mgk `kkhypm g ~fm Pwom~}o+ h azm ~fh ~fm ~~hk `kkhypm g ~fmo~mkkm`~hk gnh~op g mkojmzhk+ Pmkpf@hyo~hkop~ onmkd3 mwmz hdho `h o~ jm pmzopk aho~homn ~fh~ ‖~fm yzowh~m pm`~z op mg`om~+~fm yjko` pm`~z omg`om~‟" Tfh~ `kn jm azmo`aym~m~ ~fh ~fm jhep+ ~fm p~za~zymzp g ~fm yzowh~m pm`~z<
H~ yzmpm~+ z Zkod Mko~m pymn ~ a`f~oam o mh`f ~fmz‟p `ayh o ~fmoz ak~o!aokkoyn b~~od Fokk+ Opkod~ hn @~ptknpfamp ~ jm hjkm ~ pmm jmn mkojmzhk
@KHOZM ZH_bMZ H}^FlZ HbN HDlb_ H}b^
Nl l~fmzp pfhzm l}z m~fo`hk
`lnm<
H dzmh~ ah n5 O‟a h wo`m!
yzmponm~ g ~fm Jzo~opf
Fahop~ Hpp`oh~o hn
~fmoz amajmzpfoy op fodf hn
zopod" O hkp et gza ah
mhzp g jmod owkwmn to~f ~fm
bFP ~fh~ o~ op p~hggmn j h fdm
ajmz g ymykm tf `hzm
azm gz ~fmzp‟ tmkghzm ~fh
~fmoz t y`em~p"
Nl l} thb~ ~l yhpp l}z m~fo`p
lb ~l h l}bdmz dmbmzh~olb<
lg `zpm" O‟a h yhzm~ hn h
dzhnyhzm~ hn et ~fh~
~fm jmp~ ~mh`fod op nm j
mvhaykm" O non ftmwmz ~mh`f
~fma m jhpo` kogm zkm5
~fm fhz j~ p~okk hyypo~m
‖^zmh~ ~fmzp hp tkn
th~ ~ jm ~zmh~mn zpmkg‟" O~
`wmzp mwmz~fod oayz~h~
to~f~ jmod hpp`oh~mn to~f
h zmkodop jmkomg pp~ma
owkwod ~fzmh~p hn yzaopmp
z ~fmz pymzp~o~op"
Hzm `foknzmb ~lnh dzltobd }y
to~f ~fm m~fo`hk gzhamtlze ~fh~
l}‟n koem<
O ~foe mh`f dmmzh~o np
o~p t azhko~" Zmamajmz
~fm Ymh`m awmam~+ ~fm Ahem
Kwm b~ Thz dmmzh~o<
^fm non‟~ kmhz ~fh~ gza
~fmoz yhzm~p+ ah g tfa
tmzm fzzomn j o~" O `h‟~
nm ~fh~ O jmkomwm ^fh~`fmz
hn fmz ymzo`op womtp
hj~ am non hggm`~ ~fm
d" O zmamajmz ~fm dzomg
O gmk~ tfm a p ~kn am
o 8?67 ~fh~ ap~ g fop pov~f
gza gzomnp h~ fop p`fk tmzm
dod p~zhodf~ o~ cjp o
~fm @o~" J~ O fhwm fymp gz
~nh‟p d" ^fm ``mzp
g h khzdm ajmz g ~fma
pmma ~ jm ~fm tmkghzm g
~fmoz ykhm~+ jmod nm`onmnk
Dzmm o ~fmoz yoop hn
h`~owo~omp+ hn ~fm tmkghzm g
o~p ywmz~! hn `h~hp~zyfm!
p~zo`em zmponm~p+" ~fh
hj~ Khajzdfoo hzp hn
`fhayhdm"
Nl l} pmm l}z m~fo`hk whk}mp
zmm`~mn ob ~fm tlzkn hzl}bn
l}<
O~ nmymnp tfmzm O‟a keod"
O ghz ~ ah nozm`~op O
pmm wokm~ eokkod thzp hn
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g ghaokomp+ g aao~omp ‐
hn hkk ~ g~m o ~fm ham
g zmkodo+ tfo`f O thp ~hdf~
h~ p`fk thp jmm`m~" J~
O gn ~ mwm~hkk ~fh~ O
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am o ~fm zm hp a ~mh`fmz
fhn ~kn am fm tkn" ^ a
aon zmkodo op hp o~ hkthp fhp
jmm3 wmz ahkm`m~" K~~mzomp
hn p`zh~`f `hznp hn jod
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`zyzh~m hn jheod dzmmn
op h ~hv hkk g p" ^fmpm am
tf dm~ aokkop g ynp
h mhz mwmz mhz o~" H ymzp
tf zmhkk tzep+ koem h n`~z+
h ~mh`fmz+ h yfokpyfmz+ h
np~ah+ h joknmz‟p ah~m ‐
~fm‟zm ~fm ymykm tf zmhkk
mhz ~fm am ~fm‟zm yhon"
Og l} fhn lbm opp}m ~l y}~ h~ ~fm
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hdmbnh tfh~ tl}kn o~ jm<
Oayzwmam~ o ~fm xhko~
g `hzm tm dowm kn ymykm o
~fmoz famp hn o ~fm bFP"
^fm dmmzh~o tf kowmn
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~fm hp~mzo~ hn ptodmod
~hvmp g ~fm g~omp hn jmn
hn dmmzhk mdkm`~ mwmz po`m+
nmpmzwm o~"
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
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M`ao`p hp og
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HG^MZTlZN
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@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
Whkmp hzm mmnmn ~ ahem ~fm ~fz nm`opop m`mpphz ~ nmhk to~f ~fmyjko` nmj~+ hzdmp @hzm lyymfmoa
pk~op3 ~fm hzm ^fh~`fmz‟p `foknzm" J~~fm tokk jm hjkm ~ yzmwm~ ahppowm `fhdm" H~ pam yo~+ tfm~fmz o~ ~hemp wm z 09 mhzp+`koah~m `fhdm ahemp h mt m`ao`p hjpk~mk omwo~hjkm+ tfm~fmz h`fomwmn pnnmk z dzhnhkk"
lk pmkg!nmknmn+ dzmmn+ Hamzo`hopmnonmkdop~p pmzopk jmkomwmn ~fh~ mkojmzhkopafhn tzdf~ ~fm mn g fop~z" ^fm fhn kp~ podf~g ~fm gh`~ ~fh~ z op~o`~ ~ `ymzh~m op mwmz jo~hp dzmh~ hp z nzowm ~ h`~ pmkpfk" Km~ p fym ~fh~~fop `ymzh~owmmpp op tfh~ k~oah~mk no`~h~mp zg~zmp"
Lkowmz Champ op ~fm h}~flz lg Hg}mbsh+ fm Pmkpf@hyo~hkop~ hbn Jzo~hob lb ~fm @l}`f" Glz alzm Lkowmz Champ pmm pmkpf`hyo~hkop~"`la
m a~hkeobd ylob~p
Yko~o`ohp fhwm zm`m~k jmm thz g pod m~fo`p~ gzham ~fmoz o~m~op ‐ Zjo @e‟p m~fo`hkgzmod yko` thp xo`ek kp~ o ~fm zmhkyko~oeg o~mzh~ohk md~oh~op nmpyo~m fop kh~mz`zhdmp zmpodh~o o ~fm z y ~ ~fm Ozhx thz" ^fm oaymzh~owmp ~fh~ nzowm yko` gza ~fmpfmmz yh`m g mwm~p ‐ :>!fz amnoh `wmzhdm+~fm mmn ~ h`~ nm`opowmk ~ mggm`~ `fhdm hn ~jokn `hko~op to~f `agz~hjkm jmngmkktp ‐p g~m hyymhz ~ na h m~fo`hk gzhamtze ~ghokzm"
^tmkwm mhzp hd+ Khjz `ham ~ ytmz`aao~~mn ~ mwonm`m!jhpmn yko`aheod+ ~jzodod ~ponm mvymz~p o~ ~fm fmhz~ g ~fm`owok pmzwo`m hn ~ ~zod ~ owh~owm gzapg `pk~h~o hn nmjh~m" ^fmpm tmzm wmkhn `zmh~owm h~~may~p ~ `n`~ ~fm jpomppg dwmzam~ o h noggmzm~ th hn ~ jkt ~fm`jtmjp ~ g Tfo~mfhkk" J~ ~fm jh`e g ~fmgzh`~zod g ~fm m!kojmzhk m`ao` `pmpp+~fm pmwmzm jkt ~ nma`zh~o` yko~o`p hn ~fmyzgn ``mzp hj~ ~fm `n`~ g yko` aheod+ ap~ ~hjk o zmkh~o ~ Ozhx+ tm nzpmkwmp znnmzkmpp" O~ op fhznk pzyzopod ~fh~ tm hzm o pmhz`f g h nmmymz gnh~o gz j~f~fm ahmz hn ~fm pjp~h`m g z yko~o`p hnyko`aheod"
P tfh~ aodf~ h m~fo`hk hyyzh`f ~yko`aheod `pop~ g<
Gozp~+ tm mmn ~ hzdm gz yko`omp gza zp~yzo`oykmp" Yko~o`ohp fhwm jmm p~zhdmk pf g ~hkeod hj~ whkmp" Op~mhn ~fm fhwm jmm azm`agz~hjkm to~f ~fm khdhdm g mwonm`m hn‖tfh~ tzep‟" lg `zpm+ ~fop op ~ ~ mp`fmt
AHZ^Ob ZlTPlb@HZ^llbOP^
Nl m~fo`p ykh hb oaylz~hb~ zlkm
ob l}z kogm hbn tlze< Og pl+ `hb
l} mvykhob flt<
Tfmmwmz ymykm p~hz~ ~hkeod
hj~ m~fo`p z azhko~+ O dm~
ppyo`op" A oaamnoh~m
~fdf~ thp g h `hz~ O non
mhzp hd g ^ Jkhoz+ fop
~mm~f zmykh`mn j aoppokmp+
dzood tonmk hn phod
‖M^FO@P(‟+ to~f h ~m jmkt
h`od ~fh~ fm thp+ o
gh`~+ phod ‖Mppmv‟ j~ thp
fhwod ~zjkm to~f fop mt
~mm~f" bm~fmkmpp+ O fhwm h
`kmhz pm~ g khzdmk p~h~mn
zkmp+ tfo`f aodf~ `hkk
m~fo`hk+ z cp~ `aa
nm`m`" Hp h ph~ozop~+ ~fm
o`knm k h~~h`eod ymykm
jm`hpm g tfh~ ~fm ~foe+ ~
jm`hpm g tfh~ ~fm hzm+ hn
k h~~h`eod ymykm azm
ytmzgk ~fh am"
Non l} dzlt }y to~f h p~zlbd
m~fo`hk jh`edzl}bn<
O~ thp khzdmk p~h~mn+ p
O pmma ~ fhwm hjpzjmn o~
to~f~ ~o`od+ hkap~ j
papop" lm g ~fm ap~
oayz~h~+ hn fodfk m~fo`hk+
~fodp a gh~fmz mwmz phon ~
am thp3 ‖bmwmz jm znmzp+
o`knod ~fop m"‟
Nl l} ~fobe l~fmzp pfhzm l}z
m~fo`hk ymzpym`~owm+ nl l} ~fobe
~fm pfl}kn<
O fym p" Og ~fmzm op h
m~fo`hk jhpop ~ a kogm hn
tze+ o~‟p jhpo`hkk hj~ n
hp ko~~km fhza hp yppojkm ~
~fm ymykm+ hn hyykod ~fm
pham yzo`oykm j h~~h`eod+
ph~ozo`hkk+ ~fpm tf n‟~"
Hzm l} yhppobd lb lz fhwm l}
~zomn ~l yhpp lb l}z m~fo`hk
}bnmzp~hbnobd ~l h l}bdmz
dmbmzh~olb
O fym z `foknzm d~ ~fm
yo~ tfm tm ghokmn ~
~kmzh~m ~fmoz dzppmz h`~p g
pmkpfmpp" ^fm pmma ~ fhwm
~zmn ~ eh"
Nl l} ~fobe `foknzmb hzm
dzltobd }y to~f ~fm m~fo`hk
gzhamtlze l} tl}kn koem<
O gmhz ah `foknzm hzm
ofmzo~od ~fm pham jpmppop
to~f ymzphk p~h~p ~fmoz
yhzm~p fhwm jmm m`zhdmn
~ hpyozm ~ wmz ~fm yhp~ ~foz~
mhzp+ tfo`f fhp zmpk~mn o ~fm
htod `fhpap o mxhko~ g
o`am hn ~zmh~am~ tfo`f op
jkodf~od z tfkm p`om~"
Nl l} pmm l}z m~fo`hk whk}mp
zmm`~mn ob ~fm tlzkn hzl}bn
l}<
Fmzm hn ~fmzm+ jwopk" J~
~ h~ ~fm ~y"
Og l} fhn ~fm `fhb`m ~l y}~ lbm
opp}m lg m~fo`hk oaylz~hb`m h~ ~fm
~ly lg ~fm bmv~ yzoam aobop~mz‟p
hdmbnh+ tfh~ tl}kn o~ jm<
Mxhko~"
Tm fhwm zm`mb~k mvymzomb`mn
bhb`ohk `zopop hbn ylko~o`hk
p`hbnhk+ non mo~fmz obwlkwm m~fo`p
lz ~fm kh`e lg ~fma<
ljwopk" Hdho o~‟p hkk hj~
~fm hjhnam~ g h eon g
gnham~hk fah m~fo`p+
tfo`f m~hokp `ponmzod
mwmzm mkpm hzn hp
tmkk hp zpmkg+ zh~fmz ~fh ~fm
eon g m~fo`hk h~opa ~yomn
j z m`ao` pp~ma
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ ^FZMM • Tfh~ eon g yko~o`p n tm th~<
mwonm`m5 ghz jm~~mz ~fh~ o~ ogzap z yko`omp&hn ~fmzm hzm pam mv`mkkm~ mvhaykmp gza PzmP~hz~+ ~fm paeod jh+ ~fm p~h~~z aooaa thdm /" J~ ft tm zmhn mwonm`m op omwo~hjk pfhymn j zap+ cndmam~p+ whkmp" ^ g~m+yko` fhp jmm nzowm j zmpynod ~ mh`f yom`mg ~fm codpht zh~fmz ~fh ~fm joddmz yo`~zm" ^fmzm`m~ Ghaok Dzmm Yhymz op h okkp~zh~o g ~fop ‐o~ ghokp ~ `m`~ to~f ~fm jod oppmp gh`od ghaokomp~nh jm`hpm o~ xo`ek noppkwmp o~ h kop~ g tz~f j~ zmkh~owmk ao`z oo~oh~owmp"
Pm`n+ z `pamzop~ hyyzh`f ~ yko~o`pop nmmyk ohnmxh~m" O~ kmhnp ~ ymykm jmkomwod ~fh~ ~fm cj g yko~o`ohp op ~ ph~opg hkk ~fmoz th~p+ ~fh~ ~fmzm hzm ~zhnm!ggp z `fo`mp ~ jmahnm" _m~ tm et ~fh~+ pzyzopodk+ ymykm th~ a~hkk o`ayh~ojkm ~fodp ‐ jm~~mz yjko`pmzwo`mp hn ktmz ~hvmp+ `foknzm yz~m`~mn+ j~~fm p~h~m gg ~fmoz jh`ep+ azm k`hk `~zk j~ whzoh~o o pmzwo`mp jm~tmm hzmhp" Tm hzm h~ ~fmp~hz~ g h mkm`~o `hayhod ~fh~ tokk jhzmk ~`f ~fm ~fz nm`opop ~fh~ kom hfmhn hj~ ft hn h~ tfh~ yh`m tm pfkn `~ho ~fm yjko` nmj~hn tf pfkn jmhz ~fm `p~" To~f~ zm`zpm ~mvyko`o~ whkmp hn yzozo~omp+ o~ op wmz nog`k~ ~`fhz~ h `zpm ~fzdf ~fmpm `fo`mp" J~ mdhdod ymykm o ~fpm ~zhnm!ggp hn y~op komp h~ ~fmfmhz~ g tfh~ yko~o`p hn yko` pfkn jm hj~"
Tfh~ eon g m~fo`p<P h m~fo`hk yko` op hj~ jmod yzmyhzmn~ p~hn gz pam~fod+ zh~fmz ~fh poayk h``aanh~od yko` ~ yjko` yoo" Khjz‟phajowhkm`m hj~ kmhnod h nmjh~m ywmz~ hn omxhko~+ nmpyo~m o~ h`~owmk zmnop~zoj~od o`am+ `kn jm hzdmn ~ fhwm ohnwmz~m~k kmn ~ fhzpfmz yjko` h~~o~nmp ~ yzmz ghaokomp" Hvom~ hj~ yjko` ymz`my~op fhp zmymh~mnk p~aomn h`~o h`zpp ~fm yko~o`hk pym`~za ~fm dztod yzop yykh~o+ o pyo~m g ~fm o`~zwmz~ojkm mwonm`m ~fh~ yzopp hzmnophp~zp h~ zmfhjoko~h~o" Tm hppam ~fh~yko~o`p `h k aozzz yjko` yoo zh~fmz ~fhpfhym o~" J `~zhp~+ Khjz thp a`f jzhwmz o~fmz hzmhp ‐ zmpynod ~ hn kmhnod ~fm yjko` fapmvhko~ hn `owok yhz~mzpfoyp+ nzowod h pmh!`fhdm o h~~o~nmp" ^fop op ~ ~ hzdm gzodzod yjko` ymz`my~op hn opodf~p j~ ~m`zhdm yko~o`ohp ~ jm pfhymzp+ ~ ~z hn tohzdam~p jhpmn m~fo`hk ypo~op"
J~ tfh~ eon g m~fo`p<^fm `zhwod gz h m~fo`hk jhpop ~ yko~o`p p~map
gza ~fm gh`~ ~fh~ ~fm yzmwhokod whkmp g ~fop yhp~mzh fhwm kmg~ ~ pam mppm~ohk mkmam~p g tfh~o~ op ~ jm yhz~ g h dn p`om~" ^fm m!kojmzhkahzem~ anmk &hkjmo~ anomn j h `aao~am~ ~p`ohk cp~o`m/ naoh~mn j~f z yko~o`hk whkmphn ~fm ah~zov gz yko`aheod" O~ mdkm`~mn~fm oayh`~ ~fh~ ghaok zmkh~opfoyp+ gzomnpfoy+`aao~ hn zm`oyz`hk jnp fhwm onm~o~+hdm`+ yyz~o~ hn tmkk!jmod" O~ pxmmmn ~h yzymz nmzp~hnod g ~fm zmkh~opfoy jm~tmmpp~hohjoko~ hn z m`a hn th g kogm"
^fm ~hpe gz yzdzmppowmp op ~ zm!mdhdm to~f~fmoz zo`f m~fo`hk fmzo~hdm ‐ tfm~fmz ~fh~ op `!ymzh~owmp+ gho~f+ ~fm zkm g wk~hzopa+ p`ohkm~mzyzopm ‐ hp tmkk hp ~fm ghaokohz ~kp g p~h~mh`~o gz h`fomwod `fhdm" ^fmzm op podkm~zhno~o tfo`f ~ nzht+ j~ ~fm ~hpe op zh~fmz ~o~mdzh~m noggmzm~ opodf~p gza ~fop tonm pz`mg hk~mzh~owm m~fo`hk gzhamtzep ~ p~hz~ y~~od ~dm~fmz ~fm mt p`hggknod ~fh~ tokk donm yko` ~foeod hp tm ke ~thznp :9:9"
^fop op ~ h `hkk gz h howm hyyzh`f ~yko`aheod+ omwo~hjk onmhp hzm pfhymn j ~fm`~ hn ~fzp~ g yzh`~o`hk yko~o`p" J~ ~fm hz~ g ~fm yppojkm zhzmk hoah~mp ymykm hn wmz g~mop jz ~ g h gmhz g hk~mzh~owmp" H yko~o`p jhpmn gmhz op hkap~ hkthp zmdzmppowm z nmgmpowm"Op~mhn+ h ypo~owm womt g fah h~zm hn jmkomg ~fh~ ymykm hzm mppm~ohkk fymgk yzwonmp hp~zdmz gnh~o gz m~fo`hk yko~o`p" P tfmh yko~o`oh ! koem ljhah ap~ zm`m~k ! ggmzpy h wopo gz h noggmzm~ g~zm hn ymykm hzmyzmyhzmn ~ zhkk hzn o~+ mwm og ~fm et ~fh~~fm zmhko~ tokk jm h k~ azm ampp+ o~ fhp fdmy~m~ohk ~ dhkwhopm yzdzmppowm `fhdm" Og hm~fo`hk gzhamtze gz yko` op hj~ hzdod gza whkmp hn opop~od ~fh~ h nmmymz nma`zh~o`mdhdmam~ op o~zopo` ~ yko` aheod+ ~fmo~ fhp ~fm y~m~ohk ~ mzo`f z yko~o`p hn zm!odo~m ~zp~ o z yko~o`ohp"
@hzm Lyymbfmoa op @l!Nozm`~lz lg ~fm Obp~o~}~m glz Y}jko` Ylko` Zmpmhz`f" Pfm tl}kn koem ~l ~fhbe Mn @lv+ Koph Fhzemz+ Yzlgmpplz Ao`fhmk Embb hbn D} Klndm glz ~fmoz laamb~p ob yzmyhzobd ~fop yom`m
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
^FM YlTMZ lG @lAYHPPOlb
^fm opyozod p~z g m foknzmwmhkp ~fh~ m~fo`p jmdop to~fazhk zhdm+ gz o~ op k ~fm~fh~ dnmpp h hkk yzmwhok
e m b l ~ m `hAokh Jh~Ahbdfmkoncf
mwmz zhopm ~fm hkhza" Pam~oamp ~fm fdmz g fmzpojkodp pmn ~ mzhdm fmz hn pfm tkn yo`e y~fm yfm ~ p`ohk pmzwo`mp" l ~fm nn ``hpo tfm h p`ohk tzemz wopo~mn to~f hnwh`m thzod+ ~fma~fmz jzztmn gn gza ~fm modfjzp hn ghemnh phz`hp~o` khdf hp pfm yzn`mn ~fm gzondm ~m~p+mwonm`od Ckom‟p ‖komp‟"
Mwm~hkk+ hg~mz h mhz hn h f hkg g Eonp @a!yh‟p zmkm~kmpp hnw`h`+ ~fm ~fzmm pojkodp tmzm ~hemo~ `hzm" Ckom thp kmg~+ md~oh~od ~fm ~zhahp g fmznmwhp~h~mn foknfn" J~ fmzm‟p ~fm zj"
^m mhzp kh~mz pfm op opyozh~ohk" Pfm kep ~gz ~fm wkmzhjkm foknzm fmz mp~h~m" Pfm df~p gz~fma to~f jzmh~f!~heod ~fdf~gkmpp" Jz o~ p`f
azhk zzy~o+ ~fm yzn`~ g h yzgnk ymzwmzpm`foknfn+ ft non pfm dm~ ~ jm p m~fo`hkk mv~zhzno!hz< Ft `am ~fm `fhdm< Hn azm oayz~h~k+ tfh~ non Ckom et gza p`f h d hdm ~fh~ hkk g p `kn kmhz gza<
O ~foe Ckom nop`wmzmn pam~fod wmz yzm`opo kogm" Pfm nmzp~n+ mhzk + ~fh~ pfm mmnmn ~noaoopf fmz t pmpm g oayz~h`m ~ gzd fmzt mmnp+ p ~fh~ ~fm mmnp g fmz dmz pojkodp`kn jm am~" fm eonmz pfm jm`ham+ ~fm azm mmzd pfm h``mppmn" ^fm zmthzn g pmmod ft y~m~ fmz`ayhppo thp mhjkmn Ckom ~ zopm hjwm ~fm wo`~oaypo~o fmz hjpmzp mnmhwzmn ~ ~zhy fmz o" Hpa`f hp pfm thp fhzamn+ yfpo`hkk hn ma~ohkk+~fm `kn mwmz `zzy~ fmz jm`hpm Ckom ymzh~mn~fzdf fodfmz yzo`oykmp g faho~" Pam ymykm`hkk o~ ‖m~fo`p‟+ O‟a ~ ~hkeod hj~ zmkodo z zo~hkp+j~ zmgmzzod ~ ~fm mppm`m g tfh~ op oayz~h~"
On‟~ th~ ~ zah~o`opm fmz p~z" Kh`e g ah~mzhkkwm hn ~fm jktp gza fmz yhzm~p‟ p~p fhwm kmg~ Ckom to~f fhkkmdmp" Pfm op g~m fymz!hdo~h~mn+p~zddkod ~ `hka fmzpmkg nt" Tfm ~fm jhe`kmze ~mkkp fmz ~fh~ pfm fhp am pfm jzmhepnt hn pjp `~zkkhjk+ koem h `fokn tf‟p
jmm fzkmn jh`e o~ ~fm `h~hp~zyfo` jznm g fhwod
gn ~ gmmn fmz pojkodp" Pam~oamp fmz pkmmy op o! whnmn j ~fm pznon amazomp g ~fm pmvhk hpphk~p pfmfhp ~kmzh~mn" Pfm themp y to~f h yhogk fmhnh`fm+~foeod ~fh~ o~‟p ~fm aam~ ~fm jzo`e zh`emn ymfmz fmhn hp pfm zmgpmn ~ ykmhpm ~fm y~mz" Gza fmz`foknfn pfm fhp ofmzo~mn yho"
J~ ~fm m~fo`hk fah jmod fhp h mmn gz amh!od o znmz ~ pp~ho h pmpm g hpyozh~o" Fm z pfm tokk ~dzt ~fm amhod g h`fomwmam~ hn p~h~p+hn og h mv~zh noampo op ~ hwhokhjkm+ ~fm pyozo~`h nzy `h~hp~zyfo`hkk o~ ~fm hjpp g ‖O‟wm
YHZ^ Gl}Z • Joknod h kogm o `aa
Ckom thp modf~ mhzp kn tfm O gozp~ `hamh`zpp fmz hp h yp`f~fmzhyop~" Pfm pmn ~`am o~ ~fm ~fmzhy za zmpk~mk pokm~+zmgpod ~ nop`kpm h~fod hj~ fmz kogm h~fam" O fhn h pmpm g fmz yzgn fdmzhp pfm ~`fmn mwmz ~ hn yzmppmn ~fm nkkp
o~ fmz gh`m o o~mpm majzh`m+ nzmhnod ~fm mn g ~fm pmppo"
Pnnmk pfm nophyymhzmn" ^fm p`fk `kn‟~ nfmz" Gz mhzp kh~mz+ tfm O gnmn Eonp @ayh+ h`foknzm‟p `fhzo~+ O fmhzn h gmz`op ~tmkwm!mhz!knp`zmhaod h~ ~fm dh~m" O~ thp Ckom" Pfm thp t ~fm`hzmz g fmz ~fzmm dmz pojkodp+ hkk hdmn jmkt om"Fmz aa hn nhn non nzdp hn zoam" fm foknzmkemn fdz+ dh~+ nopfmwmkkmn+ hn m~ Ckom thpdktod jmmh~f ~fm noz~"
^fm fhn‟~ jmm o p`fk po`m pfm‟n nophy!ymhzmn+ hdmn modf~" To~fo h a~f g jmod to~fp+ fmz gh~fmz thp oayzopmn+ kmhwod fmz `zh`e hnfmzo!hnno`~mn aa to~f~ ~fm nzdp pfm mmnmn"Pfm gz`mn Ckom o~ yzp~o~~o+ yoayod fmz ~gh`oko~h~m fmz hnno`~o" Ckom fon gn+ p ~fh~ pfm kngmmn fmz dmz pojkodp" H~ ~oamp fmz a~fmz tkn~z ~fm emz fj hn ykh`m fmz fokn‟p fhn ~fm zod ~ gz`m nop`kpzm g ~fm gn fonm~p" ^fmpfm tkn po~ o gz~ g fmz `foknzm+ hn `pam tfokp~ ~fm kemn + fdz gz zopfam~ hnfmz kwm" H~ odf~+ Ckom tkn dh~fmz fmz pojkodp hnpfmk~mz ~fma o fmz jmn+ tfokp~ nzd nmhkmzp pxoz~mnjkn ~ ~fm thkkp"
lm nh ~fm yko`m zhonmn ~fm fpm" Fmz ghwzo~mnd caymn ~ yz~m`~ fmz+ hn ~fm jkmt fop jzhop~ to~f pf~dp o gz~ g ~fm eonp"
Nmpyo~m o~ hkk+ Ckom zmahomn zmpokom~ hn nmw~mn~ fmz pojkodp" ^fm ~ponm tzkn kemn h~ fmzphz`hp~o`hkk+ fzkod nmzdh~z zmahzep hp fmz ko~~kmghaok p`hwmdmn o jop hn pfykog~mn gz jop`o~p"‖Gmzhk‟ hn ‖p`a‟ cp~omn y~~od y apxo~ hkhzap+~fm fodf!yo~`fmn pfzome g tfo`f `kn k jm fmhznj foknzm+ gz`od ~fma ~ mm pfyyod m~zmp"
Pfm jm`ham pzm o fmhz~ hn jn+ j~ `kn
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
nm o~ hkk+ p tfh~<‟ Ckom `kn fhwm phon+ ‖Kogm‟p~ tz~f kowod+ tfh~‟p ~fm yo~<‟ Pfm `kn fhwmjm`am `zmk o zmwmdm gz ~fm fhza pfm fhn mvym!zom`mn5 pfm `kn fhwm z hth hn phwmn fmzpmkg zh~fmz ~fh mnzm ~z~zm jmfhkg g fmz pojkodp"Pfm kn fhwm ~hem fmz t kogm+ gmmkod ~fm nhzempp thp ~ jmhzhjkm" Op~mhn+ pfm hpyozmn ~thznp kogm"Pam~fod ahnm o~ tz~f kowod" O~ dhwm fmz `zhdm+hggznmn fmz zmpokom`m+ ahnm fmz gmop~+ `fhmkkmnfmz zhdm hn fmkymn fmz azm ~fh ‖pzwowm‟"
O jmkomwm ~fm `hyh`o~ ~ jm m~fo`hk jm`amph``mppojkm ~ fah jmodp tfm ~fm pfmn ~fmoz`pamzop~ peo+ tfm ~fm ymmk hth ~fm khmzpg nmgmpowm h`fomwmam~3 fzzod ~ dm~ nmdzmmp+yza~op+ ~o~kmp hn am" Tfm pfmn ~fopkddhdm hn wopo~ ~fm jhpo`p+ jm`am h~ m to~f~fm o~o~owm khtp ~fzdf tfo`f hkk ~fodp hkowm hzmzdhopmn" ^fm onowonhk op yhz~ g ~fm tfkm hn ~fm tfkm op o ~fm onowonhk" H~ ~fop yo~ g gpo to~f~fm dzmh~mpp jmn ‖O‟+ ~fm ko~~km ymykm dm~ h dkoaypmg ~fm mppm`m g hkk oayz~h~ ~fodp" Cd `hkkmn ~fmahz`fm~ymp+ ~fm ymmkmn!hth gnham~hkp g kogm"
zhah~opmn foknzm g~m fhwm h oxmh``mpp o~ ~fop pyozo~hk noampo" O~‟pphkk jm`hpm ~fm yzm``opk zmhkopm~fm opodo`h`m g hkk ~fpm nm`mo~p tmdh~fmz ~ nmknm zpmkwmp o~ ~foeod tm hzm ~ oayz~h~+ ~ ytmzgk ~ jm
fhzamn z ~ ‖`fpm‟" ^fm hjpmn `fokn mvymzom`mph yhogk gmhz3 fah kogm op ~ ~fh~ tz~ftfokm" ^fh~‟p tf dztyp dm~ ~ hjpm+ hn ~fpm tf h n‟~p~my o ~ yz~m`~" O~ ~hemp `zhdm ~ pp~ho kowod tfm et o~zopo`hkk ~fm gzhdoko~ g jmod h ymzp" Ckom emt h~ h yo~ pfm `kn jm yomn jmmh~fh hjpmz hn ~ mp`hym" Pfm emt ft `h~hp~zyfo`fmz pahkkmpp tkn ~om ~ jm"
Ftmwmz pfm hkp nop`wmzmn ~fm pyh`m tfmzm ~fmz~~mmpp g hjpowm jmfhwoz kn ~ zmh`f fmz"^fm jmh~ogk+ mkmwh~mn+ hn hpyozh~ohk pyh`m pfmnop`wmzmn thp h j!yzn`~ g fmz hjoko~ ~ mvyzmpp`ayhppo" l`m pfm pht ~fh~+ pfm `kn pmm h ykh`m tfmzm khtp ymzh~m tfo`f hzm jmn ~fm amno`zo~ g fah aop~hemp"
Pfm non‟~ mmn ~ tzz hj~ jmod tmhe z ytmz!kmpp+ fmz nmzp~hnod g y~m`+ fmz pmpm g hdm`+hn fmz ytmz ~ df~ `ham gza etod ~fh~ pfm`kn h``mpp ~fm zmkm~od kwm tfo`f `ham gza cp~ jmod eon" O~‟p ~ h jhzdho z h mv`fhdm+ ~fmazm kwm+ ~fm eonmz hzm+ ~fm `kpmz dm~~ jmod to~f pam~fod yzgn hn mmzdopod" O~‟p
majnod h mvyzmppo g ~fm pyozo~hk"O ~foe ~fh~‟p tf Ckom dktmn jmmh~f ~fm noz~"
Hn nmpyo~m o~"
hp yko~o`ohp jm`am yzm``yomn to~f~fm naho g ‖`fhzh`~mz‟ o ~fm pmzwo`mg h`fomwmam~+ ~fm hnwo`m onp~zompajokopm ~ ahem h gz~m+ zmdzdo~h~!od zm`oym jep ‖ft ~ jzod y hm~fo`hk `fokn‟" Gza ‖~nnkmz ~haod‟ ~
‖zhopod fhyy `foknzm‟+ yhzm~p hzm hpphk~mn to~fhnwo`m" Dwmzam~p pm~ y yhzm~od op~o~~mp hnmnmhwz ~ o`m~owopm ‖dn yhzm~od‟ ~fzdf ~hvjzmhep" ^fm hzm pmkg!zodf~mp hokp pmhkod ~fm `gg dok~ hp tm hzm jzomn j `gpo+ jzmna hnhnwo`m!~vo`o~" Nmpyo~m ~fm hckod+ nop~zjh`m pmmyp~fzdf ~fm ‖yko~o`hk peo‟+ zmaonod p ~fh~ ~fmzm oppam~fod z~~m+ nzowod z foknzm ~ ~z~zm ~fmz`foknzm+ z ~mmhdmzp ~ p~hj mh`f ~fmz hn ~mzzz!op~p ~ jkt p hkk y"
Dwmzam~ fhp ~ fhwm ~fm `zhdm ~ h`~ `h~h!kp~o`hkk" ^ dmomk `hzm gz ~fm wkmzhjkm to~f!~ hdmnh+ to~f~ w~m!pmmeod+ cp~ gz ~fm kwmg h``mppod dn" ^fop tokk jmdo ~fm yz`mpp g fmhkod+ fmkyod ~fm h~o zm!jhkh`m o~p ‖ma~ohkm`a‟" ^fm fah `no~o op k amhodgko ~fm mvyzmppo g kwm hn `hzm gz h~fmz" Ckomemt ft ~ dm~ ~ g fmz fmkk" ^fmzm op p a`f tm `kn hkk kmhz gza fmz3 ~fm modf~!mhz!kn tfemt tfh~ je `h ~mh`f+ km`~zm `h nmkow!mz hn ~fop hz~o`km ghokp ~ `hy~zm" Pfm emt pam!~fod ~fh~ yko~o`ohp `h‟~ `hy~zm o h yko` j~~fm `h dho topna gza fmz hn+ to~f o~+ kmhn"
@haokh Jh~ahbdfmkoncf op ~fm gl}bnmz hbn Nozm`~lz lg Eonp @layhb+ hbn h}~flz lg Pfh~~mzmn Kowmp3@foknzmb kowobd to~f @l}zhdm hbn Nodbo~ &Cmppo`h Eobdpkm/
‖^fm m~fo`hk fah jmod fhp h mmn gz amhod o znmz~ pp~ho h pmpm g hpyozh~o‟
YHZ^ Gl}Z • Joknod h kogm o `aa
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79
GlZMTlZN
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Ft n tm nm`onm
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Ob^MZK}NM
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M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
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yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
^FM TObbMZ ^HEMP O^ HKK
^fm hzzh~owmp g yykhz k~zm~mkk p ~fh~ fhyyompp hn p``mpphzm o z dzhpy og k tm ~z fhznmdf+ j~ ~fop op h nhahdod a~f g mv`my~ohkopa
em bl~m k o J J J Z l l e p
mhzk mn`h~ohk yp`fkdop~p `h~omn yhz!m~p hdhop~ hkktod ~fmoz ggpyzod ~ nh!nzmha+ ``mzmn ~fh~ p`f hoakmpp am~hkahnmzod `kn zmpk~ o mzpop" b~p Yomzp Azdh+ Yohdm~ j~ m~fmkmpph mvymz~ o ~fm pmah~o`p g ~mayzhz
`k~zm" Fp~od O Nzmhamn h Nzmha3 ^fm Pph JkmP~z+ h apo`hk mv~zhwhdhsh `fhz~od ~fm podmz‟p czm gza jp`zo~ ~ dkjhk zm`do~o wmz ~fmyhp~ mhz+ Azdh zm~zmn hdho hn hdho ~ h ~fmpopo`zmhpodk yzmpm~mn hp yykhz gh`~3 ~fh~ Jkm fhnnzmhamn fmz nzmha hn zmhkopmn o~+ hn ~fh~ og o~ thpyppojkm gz fmz ~fm o~ thp yppojkm gz hm"
b ah~~mz ~fh~ ~fm pd gza Kmp Aopmzhjkmp tfo`fzp~ nzmt o~mzh~ohk h~~m~o ~ Jkm Jzo~ho‟pD~ ^hkm~ op h`~hkk h kham~ hj~ ~fm `zmk ~fthz~od g fym+ pd j h nod yzp~o~~m+ hjhnmn j fmzkwmz hn mp~zhdmn gza fmz k `fokn" O Pph Jkm‟p~zhcm`~z op `zp~hkkopmn m g ~fm ap~ `a ymkkod m~fo`hk hzzh~owmp g yykhz `k~zm3 ~fh~ hajo~o gzahpp whkonh~o hn ~fm jhjkmp o~ jzodp op h fahn~ hn ~fh~+ jmod o yppmppo g p`f `mz~ho~+gkkam~ hn p``mpp tokk omwo~hjk gkkt" O~ op j~fh ym`kohzk Jzo~opf nop~z~o g ~fm Hamzo`h Nzmhahn ~fm omwo~hjkm azhk pmxm`m g pamzopa"Og th~ pam~fod jhnk mdf+ o~ `h jm zp" Hn og ghok+ ~fm ghk~ op zp hkm"
^hkm~ pftp fhwm kd ggmzmn `~mp~h~p ~fmyyz~o~ ~ ~zoayf wmz ~fmoz ~zhdmnomp+ hn Jkm‟pohnmxh`omp tmzm hkk ~ hyyhzm~ ~ fmz hnom`m+og ~ ~ fmzpmkg" H pmkg!yzgmppmn wozdo o fmz kh~m gz!~omp+ pfm thp maykmn hn kowod hkm to~f h `h~hamn Ymjjkmp" }!p~kmn+ !yzm~~+ hn !wmzpmno ~fm `wm~op g hdm!hyyzyzoh~m gmaoom jm!fhwoz+ pfm toddkmn fmz foyp o pmvhk yhzn nzod fmz zp~ ~mkmwopmn hyymhzh`m hp ~fm cndmp kemn yzpmn!koyymn to~f nopdp~ hn ~fm `ztn zhzmn ~fmoznmzopo" ^fm pfm phd hn mwmz ~fod `fhdmn" O~fm mv~ zn+ tfm pfm dzh~mn o ~fm nozm`~o g ‛Yomzp!jhj‑+ Azdh `dzh~kh~mn fmz yzwonod h jmh` g `fmmz o h tzkn jmodf~mn j zm`mppo"
Pam aodf~ `~mn ~fh~ ~fm zm`do~o ~fh~ h tah g kmpp ~fh `wm~ohkk h~~zh`~owm nmamhz`kn p~okk fhza nmhk~ h jkt ~ o`hk cndam~ j hyymhzh`m" O nj~ o~" Yfpo`hk ymzgm`~hjoko~+ hn m‟ponowonhk zmpypojoko~ ~ h`fomwm o~+ zmahop h~fmzm~zm`fmn whkm g `~mayzhz `k~zm" Gza p!ymzanmk Eh~m App‟p p!pmhzmn tzoekmp ‖mvypmn‟o Fmh~ ahdhsom+ ~ g~jhkkmz @zop~oh Zhkn‟pp`ky~mn hjnaohkp o ~fm kh~mp~ Hzaho nmztmhz`hayhod+ j~f tam hn am hzm ogzamn ~fh~+ tfokm ~fm ah ~ fhwm ~oam+ mmzd z zdhoph!~o ~ `fhdm ~fm tzkn+ o~ op jmfknm y ~fma ~`fhdm ~fmapmkwmp" ^fm khdhdm g ypo~owm kkm`!~owm h`~o op !y~mn gz gzh~o` ymzphk yzoayod3jm`hpm tm‟zm tz~f o~"
Hn ~fop `m`~p ~ h azm yzgn `k~zhkmkmwh~o g ~f h~ ~fm mvympm g hdm hn noggmzm`mg mvymzom`m" Fhzz Y~~mz ~ ^ypfy+ woh @knykh+~mmhdmzp hn hnk~p hzm t zmhnod ~fm pham jep+ tmhzod ~fm pham `k~fmp hn kop~mod ~ ~fm phamapo`" Ghz gza ggmzod h mvymzom`m g `~mz!`k~zm jmgzm pjaoppo ~ ~fm `p~zho~p g hnk~zmpypojoko~+ ~fm ahzem~!dmmzh~mn `k~ g ~f oppkn hp h``mppojkm ~ hm+ yzwonmn ~fm `h hggzn~fm kh~mp~ anmk g ajokm yfm+ hn ~fm `aanmaoh~z gz hkk op `pyo`p `pay~o"
Tfh~ ~fm PJ yfmam nonh`fomwm thp ~ zmaon ~fm yjko`g ~fm nmkodf~ g `kkm`~owm yhz~o`o!yh~o o yykhz `k~zm" Hp h m~fo` g `aao~ mjjmn hth ~fm p~zmm~p+ o ~fm kowod za
~dm~fmzmpp `kn p~okk jm gn wo`hzopk o ~fm`~ohk gzomnp g phy ymzh hn zmdkhz ~mkmwoponzhahp" J~ kh~mk+ to~f ~fm hnwm~ g ykh!!nmahnhn Pe Ykp+ ~fop gh~hp jnod fhp o~pmkg mwhyzh~!mn" Tm fhwm jm`am h~aopmn mwm o z ^W womtod+pmn ~ ~fm op~h~ dzh~o`h~o hn ymzphkoph~o~fh~ ~m`fkd hggznp p" O~ op ~fmpm Ph~znh odf~~hkm~ pftp+ tfm~fmz g ~fm `owokoh z `mkmjzo~ whzom~+ tfo`f hkkt p ~ mvymzom`m `m azm ~fm p`ohk hnfm!powm g mwm~ ~mkm wopo" Tfokm ~fm zmp~ g ~fm p`fmnkmp+ to~f ~fmoz yzmynmzh`m g wokm~ aznmz ap~mzomphn yko`m yz`mnzhkp+ n ~fmoz jmp~ ~ `wo`m ~fh~h pmpm g `aao~ jmn ~fm o`emzod gzomno ~fm zmz fhp jmm eokkmn p~m nmhn"
J~ o m `z`ohk hpym`~+ Pph Jkm‟p p``mpp`~zhno`~p ~fh~ `m~zhk hzzh~owm g yppojoko~" Gz hkkfmz pddmp~mn ~zhdmnomp+ Jkm‟p ~zoayf thp ~ jm oyppmppo g h mv~zhznohz wo`m" O~ thp ~hkm~
YHZ^ Gl}Z • Joknod h kogm o `aa
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
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YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
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HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
~fh~ `h~hyk~mn fmz ~ gham" J~ ~fm z~zm g hjoko~ h~ jm h zm!hkk gz fhyyompp+ omxhko~ z oaymzgm`~o gz ~fm poaykm zmhp ~fh~ ~ mwmzmop jkmppmn to~f p`f h dog~" bz op o~ mwmzjn‟p azhkn~ ~ fhwm m" ^fop op ~fm a~f g mv`my~ohkopa ‐~fm ~o ~fh~ ~fzdf ~hkm~+ nm~mzaoh~o hn k`e+hm h ~z`m ~fmoz jz oz`ap~h`mp" J~+ cp~hp ~fm pokm~ yhzm~fmpop g ~fm bh~ohk K~~mz‟p ‖O~`kn jm ‟ pkdh op ‖o~ ap~ koemk t‟~ jm‟+ ~fmzmhzm m o h aokko Pph Jkmp z Jokk Mkko~p" Ghzazm aa hzm ~fpm ~fm p`okdop~ @fzop~yfmz Cmep nmp`zojmn hp ~fm ‖mv`my~ohk nophnwh~hdmn‟‐ ~fm mp tf h‟~ pod z nh`m ~fmoz th y hn ~g ~fm ``km g nmyzowh~o" ^fm ~hkm~ pft hp anmzamzo~`zh` nmp‟~ tze"
^fop nmp‟~ pmzwm ~ zhwmk ~fm hzzh~owmm~ozmk" H``znod ~ ~fm zmhko~ nop`zpm+h~fod op yppojkm ~ k j th g ~hkm~ j~ h``~ g poaykm koemhjok!o~ ‐ z kh`e g o~" Hkk ~fh~ op zmxozmn op hnmzp~hnod ~fh~ `h k h`fomwm
~zm whkm ~fzdf yjko` ~zom~+ hn ~fh~ p`f~zom~+ ftmwmz jzomg+ tokk hkthp jm tz~f azm~fh h kogm~oam g jp`zo~"
^fop m~fo` op jmp~ mwo`mn o ~fm p~z g Chnm Dn+ymzfhyp ~fm kpmp~ yykhz k~zm fhp am ~ h ymzgm`~yhzhjkm g z ~oamp" ^fop :4!mhz!kn Jod Jz~fmz p~hznomn khp~ Ahz`f hg~mz p``ajod ~ ~fm `mzwo`hk `h`mz~fh~ fhn zhwhdmn fmz jn gkktod o~p kh~m nohdpop"Dn+ zmwokmn gz fmz p~yono~+ `zhppmpp hn tmodf~dho ~fm zodohk pft+ ~fm kh~mz `nmamn gzfmz ykhdzn zh`op~ jkkod g h Jkktn h`~zmpp ~fm mkmjzo~ wmzpo g ~fm pmzomp+ gn h p~zhdmpz~ g zmnmay~o ~fzdf fmz okkmpp"
Dn kmhzk p~h~mn fmz nmpozm ~ ‖nom o ~fm yjko`mm‟+ hn ~fm amnoh `oz`p ~e fmz h~ fmz tzn" Gzpam+ o~ thp ~fm hy~fmpop g ~fm Nohh mggm`~+ h gz~fmznhaod mzhpzm g ~fm jnhz jm~tmm yjko`o~mzmp~ hn yzowh~m ~zhdmn+ hn h `zah~o g kh`e g `pmxm`m o ~fm ap~ o~oah~m zmwmkh~op+p kd hp ~fm ph~opmn ~fm wmhk yjko` hyym~o~m" J~+o h p`om~ tfo`f fhp gmt mp~hjkopfmn zo~hkp kmg~ gzgh`od nmh~f hn o~p hg~mzah~f+ hn ~fh~ p~zddkmp ~et ft ~ zmpyn ~ ~fmzp‟ dzomg+ pfm hkp pftmn~fh~ ~fm yz`mpp h jm hp a`f hj~ dzhn pm~oam!~hk dmp~zmp hp o~ op p~o`opa hn xom~k `kpmn nzp"^fmzm op h hvom~ ~fh~ yykhz `k~zm zmnmzp ~fod ph`zmn+ j~ Dn pftmn ~fh~ ~fm koamkodf~od g yhohn nmpyhoz fhn o~p t yhz~o`khz whkm"
O~ op nj~gk tfm~fmz Dn‟p nmh~f tkn fhwm
jmm `ponmzmn p ~zhdo` fhn pfm ~ jmm h a~fmz"Fmzp thp h gohk hzzh~owm g ah~mzhk ph`zogo`m+ zmvyko~h~o hp pam `~mnmn ‐ pmkkod ~fm amnohzodf~p ~ fmz fhp~ tmnnod o znmz ~ ahem hp a`fam hp yppojkm ~ jmxmh~f fmz ~t jp" O kmppfmodf~mmn oz`ap~h`mp+ ~fm yykhz m~fo` hzna~fmzfn op wmvmn+ ~zhnod h gm~opf gz jhj jayphn mtjzp to~f h mppm~ohkk pmzwh~owm zo~oxmg hkkmdmn `hzmmz tam" ^fm p~h~p g a~fmzp op h~`m khnmn hn noaoopfmn j ~fm hajowhkm~ fhwm!o~!hkk zfm~zo` g ~fm Pnh pyykmam~p"
Jmgzm fmz njop zmnmay~o+ Dn‟p ~hkm zm!gzh`~mn h~fmz z`ohk gh`m~ g ~mayzhz k~zm‐ ft ~fm `mkmjzo~ m`fmk ~p o~ h `khpp pp~ma ~fh~zmahop+ nmpyo~m nmohkp+ zodonk p~zh~omn" Jmgzm fmzk~oah~m h``my~h`m hp h mn!g!~fm!yomz Mwmzta!h+ Chnm thp nopaoppmn hp h ~hp~mkmpp `fhw" ^fm yzao!m`m g ~fop mt `mkmjzo~ `khpp fhp o m th gkmnznohz ymykm o~ h``my~od omxhko~ ~fhep ~ ~fm~zym ~fh~ tm df~ hkk ~ jm hjkm ~ h`fomwm z fmhz~‟pnmpozm" _m~+ h~ ~fm pham ~oam+ mwm o ~fm `hpm g o`!ponmzhjkm zo`fmp+ zmp~zho~ zmahop h woz~m+ hn ~fpm tfpm tmhk~f mkmwh~mp ~fma jmn ~fmoz jz p~h~phzm jm~~mz ~fh ~fm df~ ~ jm"
Ymzfhyp ~fop mvykhop tf Eh~om Yzo`m+ tfpm ymz!phk gzh`fopm t mv~mnp ghz jmn fmz dkhazo`hzh~o Cznh+ op ~zmh~mn to~f p`f ppyo`o" l~fm zm`m~ pmzomp g O‟a h @mkmjzo~ Dm~ Am l~ g Fmzm+pfm thp w~mn ~ nmz~hem kmpp ~fh pmwm gk+jd!zmkh~mn ~hpep hn thp p ~zhah~opmn j ~fm yjko`kh~fod ogmzzmn ~fh~ pfm kmg~ ~fm yzdzhaam"
Yzo`m op ponmzmn ~ podhk ~fm hnoz g ~fm zmhko~ m~fo`+ jm`hpm g fmz podkm!aonmn yzpo~ g fhzn `hpf to~f~ mwm h yh~oh g `gm`~mn hz~op~o` o~mdzo~ znmpozm gz yjko` hyyzwhk" Pfm op h m~zmyzmmz+ yzmhn poaykm+ hn fmz yzn`~ op fmzpmkg"
^fmzm op pam mwonm`m+ ~fdf+ ~fh~ ~fm ~onm ah jm ~zod ~fop `k~zm g ahpp yhz~o`oyh~o hn po!dkhz zm`do~o" lwmz ~fm @fzop~ahp ymzon+ nmahngz `mkmjzo~ jodzhyfomp podogo`h~k thmn" Hnyjkopfmzp fhwm jmm p~z`e j ~fm mvym`~mn p`!`mpp g Cmogmz Tz~f‟p @hkk ~fm Aontogm+ h amaoz g fmz tzeod kogm o Kn‟p Mhp~ Mn o ~fm 8?=9p" Og ~fm ahzem~ gz zmhnod hj~ hnaozhjkm+ j~ fo~fmz~zm`dopmn+ kowmp op zopfod+ ymzfhyp o~ op k hah~~mz g ~oam jmgzm yykhz `k~zm zmm`~p whkmjmn ~fm hzzt m~fo` g ~zom~"
Kojj Jzllep op Nmy}~ @laamb~ Mno~lz h~ ~fmD}hznohb" Pfm op ~fm h}~flz lg ^fm P~lz lg @foknflln3Dzltobd ]y ob Alnmzb Jzo~hob &Jkllapj}z/
‖b~ mwmzm op jkmppmn to~f h dog~" bz op o~ mwmzjn‟pazhk n~ ~ fhwm m‟
YHZ^ Gl}Z • Joknod h kogm o `aa
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ Gl}Z • Joknod h kogm o `aa
^fm JJ@‟p fhnkod g ~fm Hnzmt Ph`fphgghoz pftp ft wh`p ~fm nmjh~m ~fm koao~p g hz~op~o` mvyzmppo fhpjm`am+ hzdmp bodmk Joddhz
~ za~hkeobd ylob~p
^fm Zpp,Jzhn hgghoz op h `k~zhk o`" Tfm JJ@yzn`mzp hyyzwmn ~fm jzhn`hp~od g ~t fodfk zmthznmn p~hzp kmhwod jp`mm ampphdmp ~fmhptmzod ah`fom g h pmy~hdmhzoh h`~z+ h tont ymmn ~ ~fm azhk pymm`fkmppmpp~fh~ `zhayp ~ ah g z yjko` op~o~~op" H p~za g yjko` `aykho~ mzy~mn" lm JJ@nozm`~z nmgmnmn Ch~fh Zpp hn ZppmkkJzhn hp ‖jzokkoh~ m~mz~homzp‟" l~fmz amnoh~ymp a~~mzmn dzhnk hj~ p~hnod y gzgzmmna g pymm`f hdhop~ ~fm aj hn o~p hdo~h~z+~fm Nhok Ahok" O ~fm mn Jzhn zmpodmn+ Zpp thp ppymnmn+ hn ~fm Nozm`~z!Dmmzhk+ Ahze^fayp+ nm`khzmn ~fm jzhn`hp~ h ‖dzpp khypmg ~hp~m‟"
P~okk+ ~fm kodmzod oayzmppo thp ~fh~ ~fm JJ@fhn j`ekmn k hg~mz mdf ymykm fhn ahnmmdf opm" Hn ~fm oayzmppo thp `zamnpam a~fp kh~mz tfm Ahze ^faypmvykhomn ~fm @zyzh~o‟p nm`opo o ~mzap g jhkh`od ~fm zodf~ ~ hz~op~o` mvyzmppo hdhop~hwonod ggm`m"
^fop zmpypm op ~mkkod+ gz o~ pftp ft yko~o`hk hn ahzem~ `ponmzh~op fhwm~fzdfk dhddmn azhk mp" ^fm amhod g ‖ggm`m‟ fmzm `h‟~ fhwm jmm ~fm azhk m g hjcm`~owm ocz ~ fah nodo~ „ ph+ h zh`op~ pkzz fayfjo` hjpm" Gz ~fh~ op p~zo`~k gg!koao~p"O~ `h‟~ jm ‖jhkh`mn‟ hdhop~ ~fmz `khoap koemhz~op~o` mvyzmppo" Tfh~ ap~ fhwm jmm amh~ thp‖ggm`m‟ o ~fm pjcm`~owm+ hazhk pmpm g gmmkod ozzo~h~o" Po`m ~fmz ymykm aodf~ nmpmzwm ~ jmozzo~h~mn+ ~fop eon g ggm`m `kn jm cp~omn"
J~ `kn o~ jm cp~omn j hyymhkod ~ hz~op~o`mvyzmppo< M~mz h~fmz nop~o`~o+ jm~tmm hkmdhk zodf~ hn h azhk m" Azhkk pymheod+ m fhp ~fm zodf~ ~ ph cp~ tfh~ fm z pfm ykmhpmp+ftmwmz kmdhk o~ ah jm5 m fhp ~fm zodf~ ~ jmdzh~o~pk hjpowm ~ pamm mkpm"
O~ jmkdp ~ anmz hz~op~p‟ h~~mzod pmkg!nmzp~hnod ~fh~ ~fm mvop~ ~ ykh yzyfm~hdhop~ `wm~o+ hn p fhwm ~fm zodf~ ~ pf`e"Gza ~fop+ ah ahem ~fm hnkmp`m~ ogmzm`m~fh~ tfh~mwmz pf`ep op zodf~" Tfo`f nmp‟~ gkkt"O h kojmzhk p`om~ tm fhwm h kmdhk zodf~ ~ mvyzmpp womtp ~fh~ ~fmzp ah n pf`eod" J~+ azhkk pymheod+ pf`eod pfkn mwmz jm z yzypm"lz k yzypm pfkn jm ~ ~mkk ~fm ~z~f hp tmpmm o~"
P Zpp hn Jzhn fhn azhk zodf~ ~ n hp~fm non" ^fm jzhn`hp~ ah fhwm jmm ‖mnd‟+
Tfh~ hzm l}z m~fo`hk ~mzap lg
zmgmzmb`m<
O‟a h ymzp g gho~f+ hn ~fh~
gho~f op yzoahzok @fzop~oh ‐
O‟n `hkk apmkg h hgz!`m~zo`
@fzop~oh" P ~fm jwop
``kpo op ~fh~ a m~fo`p
`am gza a @fzop~oh
yjzodod+ hdam~mn j a
kmg~!tod yko~o`p" J~ o gh`~
O‟wm jmm wmz `hzmgk ~ ~
gzham a m~fo`p ~fzdf ~fm
kmp g h yhz~o`khz zmkodo" O
h ~pfmkk+ O th~ ~ ke ~
gz ~fmzp+ hn O th~ ~ ~zmh~
~fmzp hp O‟n koem ~ jm ~zmh~mn
apmkg"
Flt a}`f hzm m~fo`hk
`lbponmzh~olbp yhz~ lg l}z nhok
kogm<
Zodf~ t O‟a tzo~od h ykh
gz ~fm bh~ohk ^fmh~zm jhpmn
mwm~p o 8?6: tfm ~fm
}P owhnmn Dzmhnh" Hn
~fm yzcm`~ op `zhaamn to~f
m~fo`hk `ponmzh~op ‐ h
ahcz m op+ gza tfpm
ymzpym`~owm ha O ~mkkod ~fop
p~z< ^mkkod ~fm ~z~f op h
ahcz ponmzh~o gz am hp
h nzhah~op~3 g~m O‟a tzo~od
hj~ oppmp o ~fm jkh`e
`aao~+ hn O fhwm ~
~foe wmz pmzopk hj~ ~fm
gh`~ ~fh~ O mmn ~ `p~z`~ h
wmzpo g ~fm ~z~f ~fh~ tokk
jm fzhjkm ~ hkk tf hzm
owkwmn o o~"
Tfh~ thp l}z ~hem lb ~fm AYp‟
mvymbpmp phdh+ hbn ~fm jhbeobd
`zopop<
O‟wm d~ h zh~fmz ghpfohjkm
womt hkk ~fop+ tfo`f op ~fh~ O
~foe tm dm~ ~fm dwmzam~+
hn ~fm pp~map+ ~fh~ tm
nmpmzwm" O ~~hkk hdzmm to~f ~fm
`nmah~o g dzmmn ~fh~
~fmpm mwm~p ~fzmt y+ j~ O
~foe o~ tkn jm fy`zo~o`hk
~ ~ h`etkmndm ~fh~ tm
fhwm hkk yhz~o`oyh~mn o o~" Ft
ah g p ~fdf~ ~fmzm thp
h yzjkma to~f ft mhp o~
thp ~ dm~ h az~dhdm< Hn
non‟~ tm hkk ykh z yhz~
o mcod `fmhy `zmno~ ‐ O
et O non" P ft `am
o~ thp cp~ ~fm jhemzp tf
tmzm p`hymdh~mn< Tm fhwm
~ pmm ~fmpm mwm~p hp h aozzz
~ zpmkwmp" A cj hp h
nzhah~op~ op ~ n mvh`~k ~fm
pham ~fod+ ~ y~ y h aozzz
~ p`om~ hn ~ ph+ n
koem tfh~ pmm< Hn og ~+
tfh~ hzm dod ~ n hj~
o~< P ~fm ~fod tm mmn ~ hpe
t op3 tfh~ n ~fmpm mwm~p+ o
jheod hn h~ Tmp~aop~mz+
zmm`~ jh`e ~ p< Hn og tm
~foe ~fm mmn h`~o+ tfh~ op
~fh~ h`~o dod ~ ke koem<
ETHAM ETMO!HZAHF H@^lZ HbN YKH_TZODF^
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89
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8:
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ Gl}Z • Joknod h kogm o `aa
o~ ah fhwm nmkodf~mn ~fm dmz pm`~o g ~fm hnom`m ahzem~+ j~ o~ thp h ggm`m hdhop~fah nodo~ ymzym~zh~mn o ~fm ham g hazhkk wh`p nmzp~hnod g tfh~ h hz~op~ ophj~"
l ~fop zmhnod+ Ahze ^fayp pfknfhwm phon ~fh~ zodf~ ~ hz~op~o` mvyzmppo `kn cp~og ~fm dzh~o~p yjko` faokoh~o ~fh~ Zpphn Jzhn fmhymn Hnzmt Ph`fp" Fm pfknfhwm phon ~fh~ o~ thp azhkk tzd" J~ fm non‟~"Op~mhn+ fm nmp`zojmn o~ hp h khypm g `zzm~ ~hp~m+hn oaykomn ~fh~ ~fm JJ@ fhn nm`onmn ~fh~ ~fmmmn ~ hwon dowod ggm`m fhn ~zaymn hz~op~o`zodf~" J~ tfh~ eon g `hk`kp `kn yppojk fhwm yzn`mn ~fop nm`opo+ mv`my~ ~fm yko~o`hkhn ahzem~ m ~fh~ ~fm `p~p g hod p ah ymykm tmzm ~ fodf"
^fm kdo` g ~fop eon g hazhk ~foeod ~hempp ~ p`hz ykh`mp" H~ ~fm aam~+ tm hzm gz~h~m~fh~ ahczo~ yoo o ~fm }E op hdhop~ zh`op~ womtp" ^fop fhp‟~ hkthp jmm ~fm `hpm+ hn tm`h‟~ jm pzm ~fh~ o~ hkthp tokk jm „ mpym`ohkk og tm n zpmkwmp nmz pmzop yzmppzm gzam`ao` aodzh~p z o ~fm hg~mzah~f g ~fm~mzzzop~ mvykpo g h noz~ jaj" Pyypm~fh~ khtp hdhop~ ~fm yjko` mvyzmppo g zh`op~pm~oam~ tmzm zmymhkmn" ^fm kom g ~foeod ~fh~ pokm`mp azhk `ponmzh~op o nm`opophj~ tfh~ ~ jzhn`hp~ `kn kmhn ~fm JJ@ ~p~hz~ jzhn`hp~od zh`op~ ah~mzohk ~fm dznp~fh~ o~ tkn ykmhpm h podo`h~ ahzem~+ hn ~fh~~fm ggmnmn gmmkodp g h nmpyopmn aozo~ `knphgmk jm odzmn"
N‟~ aop~hem ~fm yzjkma" O~‟p ~ ~fm JJ@"O~‟p ~fm kojmzhk z~fnv ~fh~ zmn`mp yjko`azhko~ ~ jpmzwod kmdhk zodf~p" Yzwonmn honowonhk nmp‟~ wokh~m ~fm zodf~p g ~fmzp+ fm‟pgzmm ~ n hp fm ykmhpmp" Tm aodf~ n fop mvmz`opmg h~a ~hp~mkmpp j~ tm‟zm jn ~ ~kmzh~mo~" Zpp hn Jzhn jzem kht" bz non ap~AYp o mvyko~od yhzkoham~hz mvympmp ~ ~fmozyzowh~m hnwh~hdm" bz non jhemzp o h``my~od whp~ jpmp gza op~o~~op emy~ hh~ j ~hvyhmzp zmnmzmn cjkmpp j ~fmoz zm`ekmppmpp"
^fm zmnmmaod gmh~zm g zm`m~ p`hnhkp ‐ o~fm JJ@+ o yhzkoham~+ hn o ~fm @o~ ‐ op ~fh~ ~fm zmwmhk ~fm azhk ywmz~ g zodf~p hn h~a"^fm mvypm ~fm mmn ~ ~om z ~dmp o~hkeod hj~ zmpypojoko~+ jkodh~o hno~mdzo~" ^fm dzh~o~p faokoh~o g ~fmzp+ z~fm jzhm zmynoh~o g zmpypojoko~ gz ~fma+aodf~ ~ jzmhe ~fm kht" J~ o~ wokh~mp tfh~ tm tmfah jmodp „ hn ^W yzn`mzp+ mtpyhymzmno~zp+ g~jhkk `kj ahhdmzp hn pfhzmfknmzppfkn fhwm ~fm `zhdm ~ ph p"
O pfz~+ z kojmzhkopa nmpymzh~mk mmnp ~jzmhe ~fm pymkk g ~fm mhp `k~ g gzmmna hnzm`wmz o~p zodohk+ fhznmz nmw~o ~ fahnodo~"
Bodmk Joddhz op Zmdo}p Yzlgmpplz lg Alzhk hbn Yhp~lzhk ^fmlkld h~ @fzop~ @f}z`f+ Lvglzn hbn tlzep to~f Clfb Kkln lb ‖Cl}zbhkopa hbn Y}jko` Zmpylbpojoko~‟
NHb PblT FOP^lZOHb
Tfh~ thp ~fm m~fo`hk gzhamtlze
hzl}bn l}+ dzltobd }y<
O dzmt y to~f h wmz p~zd
m~fo`hk `nm+ hn o~ `ham
gza a yhzm~p hn a
dzhnyhzm~p" ^fm tmzm‟~
hn hzm‟~ zmkodop ymykm ‐
~fm‟zm hdp~o`p z h~fmop~p
‐ j~ o~ thp mwmz jo~ hp
gnham~hk h jhpop ~ z
kowmp hp h~fod zmkodop"
Tm tmzm jzdf~ y jhpo`hkk
~ ~zmh~ ~fmzp hp ‟n th~
~ jm ~zmh~mn zpmkg" J~f
a yhzm~p hzm czhkop~p+
hn ghozmpp op hjpk~mk
gnham~hk ~ j~f g ~fma3
~fm tmzm hkp p`zykpk
fmp~ ‐ O zmamajmz ~fh~ og
mo~fmz g ~fma mwm jzpfmn
hdhop~ h~fmz `hz o ~fm `hz
yhze+ ~fm‟n hkthp y~ h ~m
nmz ~fm tonp`zmm" ^fm
hkp nmpyopmn pjjmz+ j~f
p`ohk hn o~mkkm`~hk+ hn O
koem ~ ~foe O makh~m ~fma o
hkk ~fmpm ~fodp"
Nl l~fmzp pfhzm l}z l}~klle<
O ~foe o~‟p h `aykm~m ghkkh`
~fh~ @fzop~oho~ fhp h pz~
g ayk m~fo`p" Og
~zhwmk ~fm tzkn+ hp O‟wm
jmm k`e mdf ~ n+
tfh~ xo`ek zmhkopm op
~fh~ hkk tzkn gho~fp pfhzm ~fm
pham jhpo` h~~o~nm ~thznp
azhko~" O~‟p hkk jwop p~gg
‐ n‟~ eokk ymykm+ n‟~ p~mhk
gza ymykm+ jm gho~fgk ~
m h~fmz" P O n ~foe
~fh~ ap~ ymykm pfhzm a
m~fo`p+ jm`hpm O ~foe ~fm‟zm
gnham~hk ~ ft tm pzwowm
~fop ykhm~"
Nl l} mwmz amm~ hblbm to~f h
~l~hkk noggmzmb~ l}~klle<
O dmpp O pam~oamp n+
mpym`ohkk o Hamzo`h ‐ ~fm
~mn ~ jm wmz zodf~!tod
Zmyjko`hp+ hn ~fm jmkomwm
o h Fjjmpoh womt g p`om~"
^fm ~foe o~‟p e ~ ~ yh
~hvmp+ hn ~fm n‟~ h``my~ ~fm
kmdo~oah` g ~fm dwmzam~"
J~ O n h``my~ ~fm kmdo~oah`
g ~fm dwmzam~ g ~fop
`~z+ tfmzm O kowm ‐ og O kowmn
o pam ~fmz ykh`mp O aodf~
~+ j~ fmzm O n" P O h``my~
~fh~ ~fm p~h~~mp fmzm hzm
kmdhkk jonod+ hn O emmy ~
~fm zkmp"
Tfh~ thp l}z ~hem lb ~fm phdh
lwmz AYp‟ mvymbpmp<
O ~foe fah jmodp tokk
jmfhwm hp ~fm pp~ma hn ~fm
whkm!pp~ma hkktp ‐ p wmz
AYp‟ mvympmp O n‟~ ~foe
o~ thp ~fm AYp hp a`f hp
~fm pp~ma ~fh~ thp tzd"
H gmt AYp jmfhwmn nmmyk
m~fo`hkk wmz mvympmp+
j~ ap~ tmzm cp~ nod
tfh~ ~fm pp~ma hkktmn hn
mvym`~mn" P o~ thp h pp~ma
ghokzm azm ~fh h tonmpyzmhn
ghokzm g m~fo`p" ^fm pham op
~zm g ~fm jheod zopop+ j
hn khzdm3 o~ thp ~fm pp~ma
~fh~ thp h~ ghk~+ hk~fdf h
gmt p`zykp onowonhkp
non ~hem hnwh~hdm g o~ ~ h
~zhdmp nmdzmm"
Jm`hpm O‟wm p~nomn fop~z+
mpym`ohkk aoko~hz fop~z+
O gmmk wmz p~zdk hj~
kmhnmzpfoy+ hn mpym`ohkk
~fh~ kn!ghpfomn ~op
g kmhnmzpfoy hzm wmz pn
mp" ^fm aoko~hz kmhnmzp tf
ap~ oayzmpp am hzm ~fm mp
tf kmn gza ~fm gz~+ tf
tm~ nt to~f ~fmoz pfoyp+
tf non‟~ pfzoe gza ~fmoz
zmpypojoko~ ~ pfhzm ~fm gh~m
g ~fpm ~fm tmzm o `fhzdm
g" ^fh~‟p p~zd m~fo`p+ hn o~
oayzmppmp am"
8
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
to~f h dkjhk zom~h~o" O~ owkwmp maytmzod `o~omp+ dowod ~fma h pmpm g `~zk wmz ~fmoz`kkm`~owm hgghozp+ gp~mzod `aa o~mzmp~p hnhggm`~op+ hn jzodod ~fma ~dm~fmz ~fzdf~fmoz yhz~o`oyh~o o h pfhzmn yzpo~ g `aa``mzp" @o~omp hkp mmn ~ zm`dopm ~fh~~fm hzm yhz~ g ‐ hn ~fmoz o~mzmp~p hzm jn y to~f ‐ ~fpm g ~fm tonmz fah `aao~" Hn~fop zhopmp h m~fo`hk `fhkkmdm ~fh~ op ymzfhyp~ p ghaokohz3 y~~od zpmkwmp o ~fm pfmp g ~fmzp+ pmmod ~fma hp fah jmodp to~f poaokhzhpyozh~op hn mmnp+ gmmkod ~fmoz yhop hnpzztp+ zm`dopod ~fma hp pz`mp g azhk`khoap+ hn kmhzod ~ `hzm hj~ hn gz ~fma" Hk~fdf khzdm pm`~op g faho~ hzm jmdood ~ ~foe hn h`~ ~fop+ hp op mwonm~ o ~fm th ~fm zmpyn ~ p~zomp g fah pggmzod o nop~h~khnp+ ~fm hzm yzk pmzwmn j ~fmoz yko~o`hk+m`ao` hn ~fmz op~o~~op" @zyzh~m hnkodhz`fo` o~mzmp~p `~zk ~fm m`a hnmvmz`opm fmhk~f om`m wmz z yko~o`hkop~o~~op" ^fm kh~~mz hzm `m~zhkopmn+ pm`zm~owm+zmpop~h~ ~ hppmz~op g nma`zh~o` `~zk+hn nmm`~ kmdo~oah~m yykhz hdmz hn `zo~o`hkp`z~o j tfoyyod y ghkpm gmhzp hj~ !mvop~m~ z mhpok ahhdmhjkm o~mzhk hn mv~mzhkmmaomp" Gz gz~ mhzp ~fm `aaop~p tmzm`hp~ o ~fh~ zkm5 t o~ op ~fm ~z g ~fm ~mzzzop~p+mv~mnmn ~ `wmz hkk Apkoap+ hn ~fh~ pfknmhjkm dwmzam~p ~ pyyzmpp awmam~p gznma`zh~o` zmmthk gz h~fmz gz~ mhzp"
Hkk ~fop `hkkp gz h zhno`hk zmnmo~o g dwmzam~hk hn ~fmz op~o~~op hn ~fm`fhzh`~mz g ymykm tf z ~fma" Tfokm ~fm gzmmahzem~ fhp a`f ~ jm phon gz o~+ o~ ap~ pmzwm ~fm`aa dn hn jm pjcm`~mn ~ hyyzyzoh~mzmdkh~z ~zkp" lz yko~o`hk op~o~~oppfkn gh`oko~h~m ~fm gzah~o g mkodf~mmnyjko` yoo hn dowm o~ h whkmn zkm onm~mzaood yjko` yko`"
Jzo~ho fhp kd yzonmn o~pmkg ~fm xhko~ g o~p yko~o`hk kogm" ^fm tmj g nm`mo~ to~f tfo`f^ Jkhoz kmn Jzo~ho o~ Jpf‟p thz Ozhx hn~fm woz~hk hjpm`m g ph`~op foa pft ft aop~hem ~fop womt op" H kmpp yhz~oph+ azm `zo~o`hkyhzkoham~+ h kmpp pyom `hjom~+ aoop~mzp hnAYp to~f h dzmh~mz pmpm g fz hn cndam~+h azm yzjod amnoh+ dzmh~mz ~zhpyhzm` o ~fm th o~mkkodm`m op hppmppmn+ m~`+ `kn fhwm phwmn~fphnp g kowmp hn pyhzmn p h onmkojkm hnahppowm p~ho z h~ohk `p`om`m"
O `khppo`hk Zam yko~o`hk kmhnmzp gndok~ g dzpp aopcndam~ tmzm zmxozmn ~ to~fnzht gza yjko` kogm" ^fop thp ~ k hgza g yopfam~ j~ hkp h th g `kmhod y~fm aohpah g nopfz ~fm fhn kmg~ jmfon"Ahjm tm `kn kmhz pam~fod gza ~fop whkhjkmyzh`~o`m"
Jfoef} Yhzmef op Mamzo~}p Yzlgmpplz lg Ylko~o`hk Yfoklplyf h~ ~fm ]bowmzpo~omp lg F}kk hbn Tmp~aobp~mz" Fop jllep ob`k}nm H Bmt Ylko~o`p lg Onmb~o~ &Yhkdzhwm Ah`aokkhb/
YHZ^ Gl}Z • Joknod h kogm o `aa
Pam gnham~hk gh`~p `fhzh`~mzopm fahjmodp" Tm pfhzm jhpo` `hyh`o~omp hn mmnp+zopf nmz poaokhz `no~op+ hn jmkd ~ h `aa pym`omp" Tm hzm hkp amajmzp g hn nmmyk pfhymn j yhz~o`khz m~fo`+ zmkodophn yko~o`hk `aao~omp+ onm~og to~f ~fmpm o whzod nmdzmmp+ hn nmwmky h pmpm g jmkdod ~ ~fma" ^fm hpym`~ g `aa faho~ dowmp p howmzphk pmpm5 ~fm hpym`~ g yko~o`hk hn `k~zhkonm~o~+ h yhz~o`khzop~ zom~h~o" ^fm nohkm`~o`g ~fm ~t op ykhmn ~ noggmzm~k o noggmzm~p`om~omp hn fop~zo`hk my`fp+ ~fdf o z hdmdkjhkoph~o yzgnk p~z`~zmp j~f hn pm~p~fm gzhamtze g ~fmoz o~mzh`~o"
^fhep ~ dkjhkoph~o+ hkk p`om~omp hzm jmod k`emn o h pp~ma g o~mznmymnm`m3 mwm~po ~fm zma~m a~hop g Hgdfhop~h hggm`~~fm kowmp g ~fm `o~omp g bmt _ze" Hkk p`om~ompgh`m `aa yzjkmap+ p`f hp `koah~m `fhdm+~fm awmam~ g g~kpm `hyo~hk hn ymykm+pyzmhn g nopmhpm hn ~mzzzopa+ hn ~fmpm zmxozm`aa pk~op" Dkjhk ahzem~ gz`mp h`xozmh aam~a g ~fmoz t hn zmn`m fahp ~fmkykmpp wo`~oap kmpp ~fm kh~~mz h`~ `kkm`~owmk hn`fhz~mz ~fma o ~fm pmzwo`m g ~fmoz `aa tmkk!jmod" Dkjhkoph~o `hkkp gz ~fm yko~o`p g fahpkonhzo~+ zhopod h mt pm~ g m~fo`hk `fhkkmdmp"
O~ xmp~op ~fm m~fo`+ `k~zhk+ yko~o`hk hn~fmz onm~o~omp tfo`f ymykm pm ~ ahem Mhz~f~fmoz fam+ hn tfo`f yzwonm z azhk hnma~ohk h`fzp" Mvypmn ~ ~fm `p~h~ t g mt om`mp hn `fhdod `oz`ap~h`mp+~fmpm onm~o~omp dm~ jkzzmn hn kh`e p~hjoko~" Po`mfah jmodp mmn h za pmpm g jmkdod+ ~fop`h ahem ~fma gmmk z~kmpp hn famkmpp+ hn`hpm m~fo`hk hn yko~o`hk yho`" Ymykm `h~ gmmkh~ mhpm to~f ~fm zmhko~ g dkjhkoph~o hn amm~ o~p`fhkkmdmp kmpp ~fm hzm azhkk hn ma~ohkk pm`zm o h mwozam~ ~fm `h `hkk ~fmoz t"^ jm fah o z dkjhkopod tzkn op ~ kmhz~ pmm zpmkwmp hp amajmzp g j~f yhz~o`khz`aao~omp hn ~fm tonmz fah aao~"^fm kogm g h z~kmpp `payko~h tf op o mvokmmwmztfmzm op hp oaywmzopfmn hn ~mhjkm hp~fh~ g m oayzopmn to~fo h hddzmppowmk dhznmn `aahk fam" ^fm aam~p~hpe gh`od p op ft ~ gp~mz h fhzaopnmwmkyam~ g ~fm pmpm g jmkdod hn ~fmpyozo~ g fah pkonhzo~"
Nma`zh~o` yko~o`p op m g ~fm ap~ mggm`~owm thp ~ `zmh~m h p~hjkm hn wojzh~ `aao~
Ft n tm gp~mz h fhzaopnmwmkyam~ g ~fm pmpm g jmkdod hn ~fm pyozo~ g fah pkonhzo~+ hpepJfoef Yhzmef
d j~hkeobd ylob~p
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ Gl}Z • Joknod h kogm o `aa
O nhp dm+ tfm ymykm kowmn o pm~~kmn`aao~omp gz ap~ g ~fmoz kowmp hn onm~omnp~zdk to~f ~fm k`hko~+ modfjzp emt mh`f~fmz hn tmzm mvym`~mn ~ jmfhwm o `mz~ho thp‐ og ~ o h gzomnk ahmz z ~fzdf zm`oyz`hkmv`fhdmp g m pz~ z h~fmz+ ~fm hp yhz~g h tzkn to~f ah ghaokohzo~omp hn ~omp" ^fm pmzwmn ~ amnoh~m k`hk hoapo~omp hn nopy~mp"bmodfjzod thp h th g kogm hn h `aykpo+ hfhjo~ gz ap~5 h zmhp ymzfhyp ~ kmhwm gz pam5h znmhk gz ~fm p~zhdmz hn ~ponmz"
^nh+ ymykm kowm mv~ ~ mh`f ~fmz khzdmk hpp~zhdmzp+ o ykh`mp ~fh~ fhznk fkn ~dm~fmz hp`aao~omp g `aa gh~m z o~mzmp~+ to~f~a`f `~h`~ to~f mh`f ~fmz+ g~m awod ~ kowm mkpmtfmzm" Onowonhkp fhwm zmhk!~oam hno~oah~m `~h`~ to~f ymykm hn ~fodp ghz hth+hn p ntmkk o nopyhzh~m hn g~m yfpo`hkk nop~h~ tzknp g hgkoh~o hn gmmkod" ^fmypf~ op ~fh~ modfjzp z p~zhdmzp tf n~fmapmkwmp o ~fm pham pyh`m `h hggzn ~ odzmmh`f ~fmz5 ~fm hwon jmod oxopo~owm mv`my~ oppyo`op hn fp~okm thp5 ~fm y p~o`ep tfmm`mpphz" ^fm modfjz op cp~ ~fm ymzp mv~nz hn modfjzod op kdmz h zmxozmn hz~g kowod"
A~hk hwonh`mPfkn tm kmhwm ~fodp hp ~fm hzm+ hn km~modfjzod jm`am h hz~ g pmkg!yz~m`~o+a~hk hwonh`m+ peoz~od hzn ~zjkm<^fm nhdmz o ~fop op ~ `z~ opkh~oop~ zyo~owm thp g kowod to~f noggmzm`m" O~ ~zpmodfjzfnp o~ mp g nop`oykom hnpzwmokkh`m" O~ ahemp p thz g ~fm Apkoa+ ~fmjmddhz+ ~fm tmkghzm p`zdmz+ ~fm nopponm~+ ~fmoaaodzh~+ ~fm m tf nmp ~ ~" ^fm kdo`hkmv~mpo g ~fop `k~zm op ~fh~ ~fm modfjzfn`mhpmp ~ jm h ykh`m g ymh`mgk `mvop~m`m had p~zhdmzp hn jm`amp op~mhn m g gmhz hnppyo`o g ~fm ~fmz"
^fm `z`ohk xmp~o op tfm~fmz h~~may~p ~jzondm ~fm noggmzm`mp jm~tmm ymykm tokk tze" Ofhwm a nj~p+ dowm ~fh~ ymykm‟p h~~h`fam~p+yhz~o`khzk o `o~omp+ cp~ hzm ~ k`hk hazm"Mdommzod gz k`hk `~h`~ aodf~ omkn azmo~oah`+ j~ o~ aodf~ n ~fm yypo~m" H~~may~p ~mpzm ~fh~ h modfjzfn fpmp ymykm to~fpoaokhz whkmp hn o~mzmp~p pmma fmhw!fhnmn ‐~fdf o~ op tfh~ dh~mn `aao~omp h`fomwm+ j nmghk~"
^fpm hzn p fhwm jm`am p~zhdmzp+j~ ~fzmm em yzo`oykmp kn fmky p ~zmp~zm z kp~ pmpm g aao~+ php Hpf Hao
bjz j~hkeobd ylob~p
Ftmwmz+ h m~fo` g dn modfjzod ~fh~nzhtp ypo~owm pmpojoko~omp g kowod had p~zhdmzp ggmzp azm yzaopm" ^fmzm hzm ~fzmmp`f pmpojoko~omp ~fh~ `kn fmky ~ omkn jm~~mzmodfjzk zmkh~op+ mh`f tzeod gmmkodp g h~~h`fam~ zh~fmz ~fh jkodh~op ~ ~fmzp"
^fm zp~ tm aodf~ `hkk h pmpojoko~ g zmpym`~gknop~h`m" Oaamnoh~m modfjzp tf pfhzm hnowonod thkk+ h dhznm gm`m+ h `aa m~zh`mpfkn kmhz ~ ~ mvym`~ ~ a`f gza mh`f~fmz" Op~mhn+ ~fm pfkn emmy ~fm ymh`m+nmzp~hnod ~fh~ modfjzp pfhzm h gzhdokmnowonod kom" P`f h yko~mmpp g ~fm yhz~ thkkz yzowm~ fmndm `h jm zopfmn j ah pahkk~fodp3 zmpym`~gk dzmm~odp+ ~heod o ~fm ahok gzmh`f ~fmz+ emmyod ~fm opm nt+ hdzmmod `aa zmyhozp"
Yz~m`~od z yh~`f^fm pm`n pmpojoko~ fhp ~ n to~f k`hk `hzm"Jhn zmkh~op hzm ypfmn ~ ~fm ahzdop tfmymykm o h modfjzfn gmmk p~zdk hj~~fm k`hk yh~`f+ `aod ~dm~fmz gza ~oam ~~oam ~ yz~m`~ o~" ^fop op tfh~ fhyymp tfm wk~mmzp n pam~fod hj~ `kmhod y yjko`pyh`mp+ aheod p~zmm~p phgm+ pm~~od y k`hkhamo~omp gz `foknzm+ ~fp+ mknmzk ymykm+ hnazm" ^fzdf ~fmpm h`~p+ ymykm kmhz ~ ~hemzmpypojoko~ gz ~fmoz modfjzfn+ h m~fo`~fh~ ah mwm ~z o~ `hzm gz m‟p modfjzp"lg `zpm ah hzm ~fm zmponm~p tf tokk ~ykh jhkk" ^fm `fhkkmdm+ ~fmzmgzm+ komp o nod oahdoh~owm thp g `k~owh~od o~mzmp~ o ~fmk`hk `aap had ~fm o~mzmp~mn+ ymzfhyp~fzdf yzcm`~p ~fh~ `hy~zm ~fm oahdoh~o z wm~zmp ~fh~ owkwm g"
^fm ~fozn pmpojoko~ op h~~m~owmmpp ~ ~fmhmp~fm~o` g ykh`m" ^fop pymhep ~ ~fm noggmzm`mjm~tmm gmmkod mdh~owm hj~ h zntmodfjzfn+ hn gmmkod dmmzhkk ph~opmno m ~fh~ op `hzmn gz" Hz`fo~m`~p+ ykhmzphn p`ohk zmgzamzp fhwm kd nmzp~n ~fmoayh`~ `owo` jmfhwoz g dn nmpod+ dzmmpyh`mp+ jp p~zmm~p+ g`~ood pmzwo`mp+ kt!em pzwmokkh`m+ tmkk!emy~ fpmp+ hn fah!p`hkm nmwmkyam~" ^fm hmp~fm~o` g h ykh`m `amp to~f `kmhz hggm`~owm dhzh~mmp ‐ ~fmztopm tm`kn ~ mvykho tf pkap `h omkn gmmkodp g pkonhzo~+ hn yzop~om pjzjp p~zd gmmkodp g hwmzpo hn onoggmzm`m" @fh`mp hzm+ ftmwmz+~fh~ o h nm`m~ modfjzfn to~f ykm~ogk podpg p`ohk kogm o yjko` pyh`m+ modfjzk zmkh~opaodf~ ~z gz ~fm jm~~mz" ^fm+ h mt hk`fma g kowod to~f noggmzm`m aodf~ jm `h~hkpmn+ m tfmzm modfjzp p~hz~ pmmod mh`f ~fmz hp yhz~ g h aao~"
Hpf Haob op Yzlgmpplz ob ~fm Nmyhz~amb~ lg Dmldzhyfh~ ~fm ]bowmzpo~ lg N}zfha
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
YHZ^ Gl}Z • Joknod h kogm o `aa
Tm hzm hkk ‖yko~o`hk hoahkp‟" Tm hkk mmn ~ jmkd ~ h `aao~+ to~f o~p hpp`oh~mn yko~o`p"^fm `ayh`~ `o~omp g ~fm h`om~ tzkn fhwm~zhpa~mn o~ ~fm nowmzpm h~o!p~h~mp g ~fm`~mayzhz tzkn+ j~ pam ~fodp fhwm ~`fhdmn" Yko~o`hk mdhdmam~ `h jm nhdmzp3~fpm tf fhwm jmm ap~ yko~o`hkk h`~owmpam~oamp fhwm ap~ mmn ~ mm" ^fm ymzp tffhp h~o!p~h~m ~ yz~m`~ ~fma kh`ep m g ~fmgnham~hk no~op gz fah zopfod"
lm ahcz `fhkkmdm gz h `o~om!jhpmnm~fo`p ap~ jm ft o~ womtp ~fm !`o~om" Hg~mz~fm pm`n tzkn thz+ ~fm tzkn thp o pf`e gza tfh~ fhn fhyymmn tfm h anmz h~o!p~h~mpmn pyfop~o`h~mn ~m`fkd ~ ~z o~p t`o~omp+ nm`khzod ~fm Cmtp ~ jm `o~omp tfpfkn jm mv~mzaoh~mn &‖^ mh`f fop t+‟ phon~fm pod wmz J`fmthkn o h ~mzzojkm yhzn g ~fm nmo~o g cp~o`m hp ‖zmnmzod ~ mh`f ~fmoznm‟/" O~mzh~ohk `o~osm m~fo`p ghokmn tfm ~fpm Cmtp tf kemn ~ ~fmz p~h~mp gz yz~m`~o tmzmp g~m ~zmn hth" O 8?>6+ ~fm }o~mn bh~ophdzmmn ~fh~ ‖mwmz hdho‟ `kn ~fop fhyym"^fm }owmzphk Nm`khzh~o g Fah Zodf~pkhon ~fm gnh~o gz h pmzomp g o~mzh~ohkop~zam~p g fah zodf~p" ^fm }E podmn y~ ~fm Zmgdmm @wm~o &8?=8/ hn ~fm Yz~`k&8?74/ tfmzmj hm to~f h ‖tmkk!gnmn gmhzg ymzpm`~o‟ `h `khoa hpka o h~fmz p~h~m‐ ~ to~fo h x~h g zmgdmmp+ j~ hp h fahzodf~" lz pfhzmn m~fo`+ hp `o~omp+ nmahnmn ~fopzm`do~o g owmzphk fah mmn"
^fop zodf~ fhp jm`am mwmz fhznmz ~ nmgmn"lzp op tzkn tfmzm omxhko~omp g tmhk~f+pm`zo~ hn yyz~o~ hzm p~hddmzod" ^fmzmop h fdm yzmaoa gz hm gza ~fm yzmz`~zomp tf `h jm`am m`ao`hkk h`~owm oJzo~ho" To~f `fmhy hoz ~zhwmk+ aodzh~o jm`ampkdop~o`hkk mwmz mhpomz+ hn to~f h``mpp ~ oahdmpg ~fm dn kogm o ~fm tmhk~f tmp~+ h mwmz azmh~~zh`~owm y~o gz ~fm tzkn‟p yz" Fm`m ~fmdztod ajmzp g ymykm ~fm awm3 ymykmmmod gza ywmz~+ thzghzm hn mwozam~hknophp~mz5 ymykm ~zod j h amhp ~ dm~ h``mpp~ tze hn yyz~o~ o ~fm zo`f `~zomp g ~fm tmp~"
^fm thp o tfo`f h p~h~m ~zmh~p ~fpm tf ke~ o~ gz hpka hzm h onmv g o~p `aao~am~ ~`aa faho~" ^fm tmhk~f h~op fhwm ~fmnog`k~ ~hpe g nop~odopfod jm~tmm m`ao`aodzh~p tf ahem o~ ~ ~fmoz pfzmp hn ~fpm
Ft h p~h~m zm``okmp ~fm mmnp g zmgdmmp ‐ m`ao` hn yko~o`hk ‐ to~f~fpm g o~p o~omp op ~fm ~dfmp~ m~fo`hk~mp~+ tzo~mp bo`fkhp Phdwpe
t j<~hkeobd ylob~p
o mmn g `~ood yz~m`~o" Aodzh~o opmhz`f g h jm~~mz kogm fhp jmm h fdm gh`~z ofah nmwmkyam~" Aodzh~p fhwm `~zoj~mnoaamhpzhjk ~ ~fm dzt~f g ~fm Jzo~opfm`a+ hn ~fm dzt~f g m`aomp jh`e fam"O~ ahemp pmpm+ ftmwmz+ gz ~fm p~h~m+ o ~fm kodf~g o~p t mmnp+ ~ `~zk oaaodzh~o" Hpkapmmemzp &fop~zo`hkk+ j ghz ~fm pahkkmz dzy/mmn hpka oaamnoh~mk" Nop~odopfod jm~tmmhpka pmmemzp hn m`ao` aodzh~p op ghz gzamhp hp ywmz~ hn ymzpm`~o p g~m d fhn ofhn+ hn ~fmzm hzm ~fpm tf+ og ~fm hzm zm~zmn+ tokk jm yopfmn poayk gz fhwod pdf~ hpka"
Hpka pmmemzp ghkk ‖jm~tmm ~t p~h~mp‟"O zahk `oz`ap~h`mp+ `o~omp `h zmk p~h~mp ~ yz~m`~ ~fma" ^fm ymzp tfpm `khoagz hpka op jmod nm~mzaomn &pam~oamp wmz mhzp/ `h~ n ~fh~" ^fm hzm o h koaohk pyh`mo tfo`f ‖`o~om m~fo`p‟ hzm y~ ~ ~fm ~mp~" ^fmmmn g ~fm onowonhk op yz~m`~o+ j~ tfh~ hzm~fm mmnp g ~fm `o~< ^ nmgmn o~pmkg hdhop~ ~fm~fzmh~ g ~mzzzopa< ^ p~hn za hdhop~ ymykm!~zhg`emzp &tfo`f ah amh p~hnod za hdhop~~fm ~zhg`emn/< ^ zmp~zo`~ oaaodzh~o ~ h kmwmk tfo`f nmp ~ ~fzmh~m p`ohk `fmpo< ^nmgmn ~fm zodf~ ~ hpka hp h jhpo` fah zodf~<N `o~om m~fo`p mpzm h owmzphk ‖j~~a kom‟p~hnhzn g yz~m`~o gz hkk tf ofhjo~ ~fm `o~<b~ og ‟zm h hpka pmmemz" Po`m fah jmodpmmn h za pmpm g jmkdod+ ~fop `h ahem ~fmagmmk z~kmpp hn famkmpp+ hn `hpm m~fo`hk hnyko~o`hk yho`"
^fmzm op h pmzop m`ao` `p~+ o h ~oam g yjko` pymnod ~p+ ~ aho~hood h hpkapp~ma tfo`f op ‖~ gz yzypm‟5 hn h azhk`p~ ~ ~ nod p" ^fm th ~fmpm `o`~p hzmfhnkmn yzwonmp h ko~ap ~mp~ g `o~om m~fo`p^fm ap~ yzh`~o`hk hn yjko` nmap~zh~og ~fm p~h~m‟p `aao~am~ ~ h o~mzh~ohkp~hnhzn g `o~ompfoy tkn jm ~fm nm!yko~o!`oph~o g ~fm hdm` ~fh~ ~mp~p hpka `khoap" ^fm}E Jznmz Hdm` fhp ~fop fdm zmpypojoko~ ‐j~ o~p zp~ ~hpe op ~ yz~m`~ z jznmzp" O~p p~h`mop nmgmpowm+ hn dm~~od azm p to~f o`zmhpod gmhzp g ~mzzzopa hn o~mzh~ohk `zoam" ^fmyz~m`~o g ~fm wkmzhjkm op tmkk nt o~p kop~ g yzozo~omp"
O ~fm h`om~ tzkn+ `o~om m~fo`p hyykomn k ~ `o~omp" Tfh~ hj~ ~fm wkmzhjkm ~ponmz~nh< Hzm tm+ hp ‖m~fo`hk `o~omp‟+ yzmyhzmn ~ jm cndmn j ~fm th tm ~zmh~ ~fm ymzp tf ~zp ~p o ~fmoz fz g mmn<
Bo`flkhp Phdlwpe op @hblb fmlkldohb h~ Tmp~aobp~mz Hjjm" Fm thp h laaoppolbmz lb ~fm Obnmymbnmb~ Hpk}a @laaoppolb hbn fop jllepob`k}nm @fzop~ohb zhno~olb hbn ~fm Yzh`~o`m lg C}p~o`m &PY@E/
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79
GlZMTlZN
Ob^ZlN}@^Olb
YHZ^ lbM
Ft n tm nm`onm
z whkmp<
Ob^MZK}NM
YHZ^ Tl
M`ao`p hp og
m~fo`p ah~~mzp
YHZ^ FZMM
Tfh~ eon g
yko~o`p n tm th~<
YHZ^ Gl}Z
Joknod h kogm
o `aa
HG^MZTlZN
ZMPl}Z@MP
@O^OsMb M^FO@P Ob H ^OAM lG @ZOPOP
Gmjz}hzy :989
hpe ap~ ymykm tfh~ m~fo`pamhp hn ~fm tokk hkap~`mz~hok zmyk ~fh~ o~ op hj~jmod zkmp z ‖jmod dn‟"Og ~fop yhayfkm~ fhp h yp!o~owm mggm`~+ o~ tokk pzmk jm~ kmhwm ~fm zmhnmz to~f ~fmpmpm ~fh~ m~fo`p op hj~
a`f azm ~fh ~fh~" Mwmz `~zoj~o fmzmahemp `kmhz ~fh~ m~fo`p hzm ap~ amhodgk tfm ~fm hzm z~mn o h wopo g fah z!opfod" Jmod m~fo`hk ah ~ jm mhp+ j~ tfm tm hzm tm pfkn mn y ypfod h~ ~fm koao~pg z y~m~ohk"
^fop koe jm~tmm m~fo`p hn zopfod `myzwonmn ~fm gnh~op g z aho p~zhnpg yko~o`hk jmkomg"
Gz ~fm zodf~+ fah zopfod `ham hj~~fzdf ~fm m~fo`hk yzh`~o`m g ~heod zmpy!pojoko~ gz m‟p t kogm j tzeod fhzn hnpod Dn!dowm `hyh`o~omp hn ~hkm~p ~ n hzkm gz mpmkg o ~fm ahzem~ykh`m" Jmn ~fmm`ao`+ fahp kn hkp zopf hp n~!jn amajmzp g ~fmoz gho~f+ ~fmoz ghaok hn~fmoz h~o" ^fop z~m ~fzdf kogm ah ~hkthp fhwm jmm mhp j~ pmkg!pg`om~ fahp tf h``my~mn ~fmoz n~omp ~ ~fm tonmz `aa!o~ tkn hkthp zopf azm ~fh ~fpm tfzmkomn ~fmzp gz pyyz~ z pfozemn ~fmoz zm!pypojoko~omp"
^fm kmg~‟p wopo koemn m~fo`p hn gkz!opfod to~f mxhk `khzo~" O~ thp h m~fo` g
^fm m~fo`hkop yko~o`hkhnhA kmb~
Yko~o`p j~f ~fmkmg~ hn zodf~ tmzm`m nzowm j `aym~od h``~pg fah zopfod"lz `fhkkmdm op~ zmahem z t wopop gz ~nh+hn ~ nmjh~m ~fma
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pkonhzo~ hn aao~am~ ~ m‟p gmkkt fahp hn m‟p `khpp" O~ thp k j tzeod to~f hn jmfhkg g mh`f ~fmz+ hn pam!~oamp aheod ph`zo`mp+ ~fh~ tm `kn h`fomwmz y~m~ohk hn zopf hp tzemzp+ kmhzmzp+ykmhpzm!pmmemzp+ ghaokomp" fm hk~mzh~owm thp~fm ah~mzohk hn pyozo~hk ywmz~ g mvyko~h!~o" O~ thp h m~fo` gnham~hkk jn y to~f p~zddkm hdhop~ ~fpm tf tkn nm z zopfod o ghwz g h kogm g nzndmz hn odzh`m" Tm ajomn o pkonhzo~ ~ cp~ jm`hpm o~ ahnm p jm~~mz ymykm j~ hkpjm`hpm o~ ahnm p p~zd hdhop~ ~fpm tf tkn mvyko~ p"
^fmpm ~kep hzm t k gn o ~fmozhnk~mzh~mn gza ~fm ahzdop g Jzo~opfyko~o`p" fm no~op ~fh~ pp~homn ~fmpmymzpym`~owmp fhwm jmm toymn hth j ~fm zhyonpfog~ gza h m`a jok~ hzn ~fm p~z`!~zmp g h ahgh`~zod!naoh~mn hyo~hkopa~ m pfhymn j pmzwo`mp"
b wopo g mxhk yzgno~ fhp zmykh`mn~fpm ~kep" b~op g fah zopfod hn m~fo`p ah p~okk ogza z ahop~zmha y!ko~o`hk nop`zpm ``hpo j~ o p`f h nm!zh`oh~mn+ p~~ w`m ghpfo hp ~ jm jhzmk ymz!`my~ojkm" fm nmmymz+ zo`fmz+ opomz hn azm`fhkkmdod ~op g m~fo`p hn zopfod ~fh~ `m `fhzh`~mzopmn Jzo~opf yko~o`p fhwmdowm th ~ `pmphk zfm~zo` hj~ mxhk!o~ g yyz~o~+ zodf~p hn zmpypojoko~omp+hn ghozmpp"
J~ hp z yko~o`ohp fhwm mwh`h~mn ~fm~mzzo~z g m~fo`p hn zopfod+ h mt gz`mfhp awmn o ~ kk ~fm wh`a3 ~fm pfhyod hn gkkkod g yzmgmzm`mp o thp ~fh~ jm!m~ jpompp" Gkzopfod op kdmz koemn~ m~fo`hk jmfhwozp" Op~mhn zopfod fhpjm`am o`zmhpodk hj~ ah~mzohk h``a!kh~o+ gkkkod pmpz ykmhpzmp+ h`fomwod fodf p~h~p hn tzeod hp fhzn hp m`mpphz ~ahem ~fm am ~ n ~fmpm ~fodp" O pfz~+ ~fm`h`yf g yykhz `k~zm+ hnwmz~opod+ ~fmahpp amnoh hn ymmz yzmppzm ~mkkp p mnkmppk ~ pjao~ ~ ~fm onowonhkopa+ fmnopa hn
ah~mzohkopa ~fh~ pmzwmp h pamz!kmn m`!a p tmkk" fm `~zoj~op ~ ~fop yhayfkm~fhwm ~komn o whzop thp ~fm yzjkmap ~fopzopod k~zm g h`xopo~owm onowonhkopa fhp`hpmn o ~mzap g p~zmpp+ am~hk okkmpp+ ~z!jkmn ghaok kogm+ h pyko~mzmn yjko` zmhka+ tmhe!mmn nma`zh` hn m`ao` `zopop"
bm g ~fop op ~ ph tm ap~ zm~z ~ ~fmkn ymzpym`~owmp" Gho~f+ ghaok+ h~o+ `khpp+ hn`aao~ hzm gzap tfo`f fhwm ~hem p`fyzgn hpym`~p g hajodo~ hn gzhdam~h!~o+ ~fm `h~ poayk jm zmpp`o~h~mn" ^fmyzjkma op ~ ~fh~ ~fm kn koehdmp jm~tmmm~fo`p hn zopfod ghnmn" fm yzjkma op~fh~ ~fod mt fhp zmykh`mn ~fma" J~ hg~mz~fm m`ao` `hkhao~ tm fhwm cp~ pggmzmn+ ~fm~oam op zoym ~ p~hz~ nmwmkyod mt ymzpym`~owmp tfo`f h zmph~m o h wmz noggmzm~ tzkn ~~fm m ~fh~ mvop~mn =9 mhzp hd"
H p~hz~ h jm ahnm pamtfmzm pzyzopod ‐o ~fm tze g Cf P~hz~ Aokk" Aokk op+ g `zpm+~fm phdm g onowonhkopa hn aodf~ pmma ~fm tzp~ ykh`m ~ ke gz fmky" J~ h `kpm zmhnod g fop ap~ om~ohk tze+ l Kojmz~+ zmwmhkp~fh~ Aokk thp ~ p a`f h yzym~ g ono! wonhkopa j~ g onowonhko~" fm nop~o`~oah pmma jp`zm j~ o~ op `zo~o`hk"
Onowonhkopa g ~fm pz~ ~fh~ fhp `am ~ jm`m~zhk ~ ~mayzhz kogm op h ~~hkopod ``my~" O~ th~p p ~ jmkomwm ~fh~ ah~mzohkh``akh~o hn pmpz ykmhpzm op ~fmk th ~ kowm+ ~fm k z~m ~ ~zm z!opfod" Onowonhko~+ hp ``mowmn j Aokk+fhp p`f ~~hkopod hpym`~" Gz Aokk+ ~fmjmm~ g mp`hyod gza ~fm yzmnh~op g
~fm p~h~m hn tonmz p`om~ op ~fh~ `h `fpm~ kowm ft th~" fm oz g ~mayzhz onowonhkopa &hp yypmn ~ onowonhko~/ op~fh~ o~ th~p mwmzm ~ jm ~fm pham"
Gza Aokk‟p ymzpym`~owm+ ~fm tzz g z `z!zm~ po~h~o op ~fh~ ~fm pfhkkt onowonhkopa~fh~ fhp dzt y o ~fm khp~ 09 mhzp fhp `kpmnnt ~ cp~ ~fm am~hk hk~mzh~owmp ~ ~fop kogmj~+ azm ~mkkodk+ ~fm zmhk!tzkn hk~mzh!
‖^fm oz g `~mayzhz onowonhkopa op ~fh~ o~ th~pmwmzm ~ jm ~fm pham‟
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~owmp ~fh~ ahem onowonhk fo`m amhodgkhn yppojkm" ^fm mhpok h``mppojkm a~hk jhe5~fm k`hk onmymnm~ pfy5 ~fm o~mkkm`~hkk nmahnod ~mkmwopo n`am~hz5 ~fm khzdmyjko` ayh ~fh~ y~p p~hemfknmzp zh~fmz~fh pfhzmfknmzp zp~5 ~fm omah ~fh~ pftpazm ~fh ~fm kh~mp~ jk`ejp~mzp5 ~fm `fmhyhn `fmmzgk fpod y~o5 ~fm nmzmko`~ khn~zmn wmz ~ aa pm zh~fmz ~fh gz ‖mv!m`~owm‟ hyhz~am~p3 ~fmpm kppmp hzm h ~zhdmn gza ~fm Aokk ymzpym`~owm"
^fm jwop xmp~o op3 tfh~ fhp ~fop d~ ~n to~f m~fo`p< fop op tfmzm h opodf~gk yhp!phdm o l Kojmz~ op tz~f g gkk x~h~o"
‖Fm tf km~p ~fm tzkn+ z fop t yz~o g o~+ `fpm fop ykh g kogm gz foa+ fhp mmng h ~fmz gh`k~ ~fh ~fm hym!koem m g oa!o~h~o" Fm tf `fpmp fop ykh gz foapmkg+maykp hkk fop gh`k~omp" Fm ap~ pm jpmzwh!~o ~ pmm+ zmhpod hn cndmam~ ~ gzm!pmm+ h`~owo~ ~ dh~fmz ah~mzohkp gz nm`opo+nop`zoaoh~o ~ nm`onm+ hn ! tfm fm fhpnm`onmn ! zampp hn pmkg!`~zk ~ fkn ~fop nmkojmzh~m nm`opo"‟
Gz Aokk+ zopfod ~fzdf m~fo`p zmponmp o~fm woz~mp tm ap~ yzh`~o`m og tm hzm ~ h`fomwm~zm onowonhko~3 hzmgk jpmzwh~o+ zmhpmnzmm`~o+ wo~hko~+ topna+ aao~am~+ nm~mz!aoh~o hn ~maymzh`m"
Fmzm op h noggmzm~ ymzpym`~owm m~fo`p hnfah zopfod hn m ~fh~ p~zoemp zodf~ h~~fm fmhz~ g ~fm pfhkkt zmhko~ g ~fm onowonhk!op~ womt" Onowonhko~ op hj~ pod a ytmz g zmm`~o ~ fpm ~fm kogm O th~+ gzmm g h hkk!ytmzgk ahzem~ tfo`f ~mkkp am ~fh~ O ha k gkkkmn og O tze ~ fhzn o h cj o znmz ~j ~fm `hz+ ~fm fpm+ ~fm `k~fmp+ ~fm dhndm~p+~fm fkonhp+ ~fm gn ~fh~ mwmzm mkpm tknkoem ~ j fhn ~fm ~fm am"
Ftmwmz+ ymzfhyp m g ~fm ap~ p~zoeod ~fodp hj~ ~fop ykh`od g onowonhko~ h~ ~fmfmhz~ g z pmpm g m~fo`p hn zopfod op~fm th o~ mvym`~mnk ahemp p g`p ~fm tmkkjmod g ~fmzp" O ~fm hzzt onowonhkop~p`fmah+ O `kn+ o ~fmz+ kowm h kogm g ah~mzohk
mv`mpp hn fodf p~h~p pzznmn j pkhwmp"J~ O `h mwmz zmhkk jm h onowonhk ‐ o Aokk‟ppmpm ‐ o h tzkn g nzmp" ^fm gzmm `fo`mpO ahem zmxozm ~fm y~op g nop~o`~ thp g kogm" J~ p`f y~op hzm k mwmz yzwonmn j ~fmzp aheod mxhkk zmm`~owm fo`mp hnj tzeod ~ `zmh~m ~fm kowmp ~fm yzmgmz hn tfo`f ah hkp h~~zh`~ am"
^fm yzjkma op ~fh~ ~fm woz~mp g onowonhk!o~ n ~ pyzod mhpok gza ~fm ~~zmn pk" Hp ~fm dzmh~ m~fo`hk yfokpyfmz Hkhpnhoz Ah`!O~zm fhp pft+ h oaywmzopfmn o~mkkm`~hkhn p`ohk ~mv~ tokk kmhn ~ h oaywmzopfmnm~fo`hk kogm" ^fm zodf~ yjzodod op wo~hk+ j~~fm p hzm fodf kmwmkp g mn`h~o+ ah~mzohkpm`zo~ hn fmhk~f`hzm" Hn ~fmpm hzm ~fodp~fh~ tm `h k yzwonm hp h p`om~ ~dm~fmz"^fm oz op+ ~fmzmgzm+ ~fh~ ~ zopf hp h o!nowonhk+ O mmn ~ fmky pp~ho h `mz~ho kmwmkg `kkm`~owm yzwopo"
O~ ah jm ~fm ~fh~ ~fm dzmh~mp~ m~fo`hk `fhk!kmdm gh`od yko~o`p ~nh op ~ onm~og ~fm `z!zm`~ kmwmk h~ tfo`f ~ pm~ ~fop nmdzmm g `kkm`~owmyzwopo o znmz ~ yza~m dmom onowon!hko~" Hn+ g `zpm+ ~fm p~h~m fhp h zkm ~ ykh o p~zoeod ~fm `aykmv jhkh`m jm~tmm ~fm hp!ym`~p g ahzem~ hyo~hkopa ~fh~ pypz nowmz!po~ hn onowonhko~ hn ~fpm ~fh~ k~oah~mk m`zhdm h pfhkkt onowonhkopa"
Og z yko~o`ohp fhn ~fm `zhdm+ oahdo!h~o hn zodohko~ ~ fhwm ~fpm nmjh~mp o~fpm ~mzap+ ~fmzm ah ~fm jm pam fym gz~fm zmwowhk g h nop`zpm tfo`f+ `m hdho+ykh`mp `aym~od wopop g m~fo`p hn z!opfod h~ ~fm fmhz~ g yjko` kogm"
Hnha Kmb~ op Fmhn lg M`lblao` hbn Pl`ohk Hgghozph~ ~fm ^]@" ^fop hz~o`km zmyzmpmb~p fop ltb womtpzh~fmz ~fhb ~flpm lg ~fm ^]@
‖^fm nmmymz+ zo`fmz+ opomz ~opg m~fo`p ~fh~ `m fhzh`~mzopmnyko~o`p fhwm ghkkm th‟
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