CIAV 2018

Tabriz, IRAN

International Committee of Vernacular Architecture

Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization

Theme: Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development

October 1 - 3, 2018

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PROCEEDINGS BOOK

This book or parts thereof is the property of ICHHTO and may not be reproduced in any from, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any from by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission to use

any of the materials, please send your written request to: ali.malekabbasi@gmail.com

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It was with a great honor and gratification to hold the international conference of CIAV – ICOMOS in the city of Tabriz, Iran. The international conference on vernacular architecture had a great success with the local and international experts in the field gathering to discuss and examine their shared interest. The vernacular architecture of Iran has the technical, scientific, cultural, anthropological, geographical and climatic values that will make the world famous known architecture more attractive. Iran’s architecture has different dimension from rural to urbanism over the century, which reflects

the historical riches of Iran. Iran is one of the most prominent and well known countries in terms of compatibility between architecture and environment that has the highest and best environmental compatibility and adaptation. Conducting such international conferences in Iran would recognize the enormity of this vernacular architecture, and we were delighted to held this conference in Tabriz Art University, one of the best and most attractive examples of adaptive reused of industrial architecture to the cultural environment. These types of conferences would benefit all attendees from around the world to become more familiar with the cultural and natural thought of Iranian throughout the countries. Mohamad Hassan Talebian Deputy of Cultural Heritage, ICHHTO President of Scientific Committee, CIAV Tabriz Conference

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CIAVComitéInternationaled'ArchitectureVernaculareInternationalCommitteeonVernacularArchitecture

Foreword It has been a pleasure to be part of the organizers as president of CIAV on this very important conference on Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development. We have had presentations on vernacular built heritage in Iran as well as examples from all over the world related to the theme of the conference. Sustainability as a base of the vernacular built heritage has been clearly shown. This basic element has been presented for an understanding of how to bring this knowledge of our heritage into to-day’s building activity. The importance of taking care of and a deeper understanding of our heritage has been stressed. I take this opportunity to thank the organisers ICHHTO, The Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts & Tourism Organization. With special thanks to Ali Malekabbasi who took the initiative for getting us to Tabriz and who has been very active to bring this conference to an unforgettable experience. Gisle Jakhelln CIAV President ICOMOSInternationalCommitteeonVernacularArchitectureOfficeGisleJakhelln:Mailadress-Postboks324,N-8001Bodø,NorwayPhoneGJ+4793409409Mobilprivate+4793409409e-postgi-jakhe@online.no

CIAV

President: Gis le Jakhel ln , e -mai l : g i - jakhe@online .noSecretariat : IvanEnev, e-mai l : icomosciav .sg@gmail .com

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The CIAV – ICOMOS Conference received more than 95 abstracts from Iran and 18 other countries and held from 1-3 October 2018 in Tabriz. Out of the 95 abstracts, 29 were presented during the conference with a mixture of topics. The main theme of the conference in 2018 was Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development. Also, from September 15-30, the VERNADOC camp (vernacular documentation) was held in the grand Bazzar of Tabriz. The most important achievement of the conference is the excellent communication that was created by its participants.

The CIAV Conference in Tabriz will be memorable because it had globalized the cultural and rural values of Iran. I am proud and appreciative of all the efforts and support we received from Gisle Jakhelln, the president of CIAV – ICOMOS international and Dr Mohamad Hassan Talebian, Deputy for cultural Heritage, Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization in this past event. I was able to take a great step in identifying the potential of Iran’s vernacular architecture and sharing these views with other experts. Ali Malekabbasi Secretary of executive committee, & Secretary of scientific Committee, CIAV Tabriz Conference

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It was indeed such a great pleasure to be involved as scientific committee member of the well-known international event. The conference was held in Tabriz Islamic Art University, October 1-3, 2018. We were happy to invite good number of well-known researchers from different countries and provide the opportunity for all researchers to participate in this conference for sharing ideas, thoughts and experiences in field of cultural heritage and sustainable development. We would like also to present our special thanks to all researchers who sent us their own researches. We are happy to

announce that the scientific committee received many articles on various topics (e.g. tourism, sustainability and conservation of world heritage site or national heritage sites). Our colleagues in scientific committee reviewed all manuscripts and some of them were selected to be presented according to conference agenda. It has to be confirmed that all of the accepted papers in domain of “Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development” are outlined to be published as special issue in the journal of Tabriz Islamic Art University. Once again, we appreciate all supports from researchers and participations and we very much hope that we can have you in our city in next conferences. Samareh Pourmoradian The Scientific Committee member

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SELECTED VERNADOC DRAWINGS

Vernacular Documentation camp on the Tabriz Historical Bazzar Complex

15th – 30th September 2018

Participants: Jelena Pejkovic, Serbia, Page 8 Jose Jorge Sa, Portugal, Page 8 Ahmaad Oloumi, Iran, Page 9

Nathatai Chansen, Thailand, Page 9 Xu Kanda, China, Page 10

Saba Sultan Qurraie, Iran, Page 10 Marina Clara de Carvalho Pimenta do Vale, Portugal, Page 11

Sajjad Bayat, Iran Aysan Beidaghdar Shotorban, Iran

Matra Raquel Silva, Portugal Rakkan Sulliman, Syria

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ABSTRACTS

Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development 1st – 3rd October 2018

Scientific Committee Members: Dr Hossam Mahdi, England Dr Morteza Mirgholami, Iran

Dr Farhad Akhondi, Iran Dr Samereh Pourmoradian, Iran Dr Mhadi Mohamadzadeh, Iran

Dr Maziar Asefi, Iran Dr Ahad Nezhad Ebrahimi, Iran

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Contents

“The Diversity of Knowledge and Heritage of the Iranian Vernacular Architecture”

Mohammad Hassan Talebian, Page 21

“The World Heritage Base of Tabriz Historical Bazaar Complex, Action and Challenges”

Hosein Esmaeeli, Page 22

“Condition and Preservation Assessment for Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex UNESCO-WHS Based on Benchmarking Approach”

Samereh pourmoradian, Kurt Luger, Page 23

“Vernacular Wisdom: the Value and Conservation of Dong Village in Guizhou Province of China”

Shao Yong, Zhang Le, Page 24

“Humble Vernacular and Sustainability – an example from Oslo, Norway” David Brand, Page 25

“Adobe Vaults in Vernacular Abobe Architecture In the Middle East: A case

study from Yazd” Neda H. Sadeghi, Mariana Correia, Daniel V. Oliveira, Page 26

“Environmental degradation and adaption of vernacular architecture: Vernacular

houses in the low-lying river flooded plains in Southeast Asian Peninsula” Rawiwan Oranratmanee, Kanisa Sattayanurak, Page 27

“A new thinking in heritage protection oriented approach and its use for urban

sustainable development” Seyyed Hadi Musavi, Page 28

“Rethinking The Vernacular Rural Cultural Heritage As A Sustainable

Architecture�(Case Study: Zonuzaq, Tabriz/ IRAN)” Aysan Beidaghdar Shotorban, Sajjad Bayat, Page 29

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“The necessity of recognizing and reviewing the historical context of Tabriz (In its conceptual-structural status and grandeur: as capital of Iran)”

Mohammad Aminian, Mohammad Fathi, Page 30 “The Conservation of Traditional House in the Old Walled City of Karachi”

Kaleemullah Lashari, Page 31

“Kakopetria Old Village, Cyprus�” Susan Balderstone, Page 32

“Discussion on the Sustainability of Conservation and Utilization Patterns in

Historic Districts: A Case Study of the Protection of Qingguo Old Lane Historic District in Changzhou Jiangsu China”

Gao Chen, Page 33

“Culture and vernacular heritage from Mexico” Gerardo Torres Zárate, Page 34

“Emulating the vernacular: A new design model for the neo-desert architecture

of Egypt” Marwa Dabaieh, Dalyia Maguid, Deena El Mahdy, Page 35

“A traditional Estonian log house serving as a modern tourism product”

Elo Lutsepp, Page 36

“Vernacular Building Tradition as a Driver for the Sustainable Development of Community: A Case of Naxi Ethnic Villages”

Xi Pan, Yifeng Yao, Page 37

“CHwB Regional Restoration Camps and the First VERNADOC in Serbia” Jelena Pejković, Page 38

“Learning from History: Sustainable principles in Portuguese Vernacular

Heritage” Clara Pimenta do Vale, Page 39

“A chronological study of the mirror as an ornamental element in Islamic

architecture” Shiva Ebrahimi Fakhar, Parnia Shahab, Page 40

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“The Eco-cycle refugee house, Lesson from vernacular architecture for temporary shelter”

Marwa Dabaieh, Page 41

“Revitalization of biodiversity; a strategy for sustainable development in Khafr village”

Narges Karimi, Page 42

“The importance of Iranian historical windmills as vernacular heritage, in cultural development, case study, Nashtifan‐e‐khaaf windmill”

Mozhgan Mousazadeh, Page 43

“Mental Characteristics Of Contextualise Approach In Landscape Architecture” Saba Sultan Qurraie, Parichehr Goodarzi, Page 44

“Socio - ecological Restoration and Sustainable Development of World Cultural Heritage Sites: Case Study on Reconstruction of Concert Hall Area in Kulangsu”

Fengmei Quan, Shaosen Wang, Jing Hu, Page 45

“Explore the effect of the revival of cultural heritage on the identity and sense of belonging of residents of a neighbourhood in Najafabad of Isfahan”

Zakie Namati, Page 46

“Syria, Urban Vernacular Architecture and Present Challenges” Samir ABDULAC, Page 47

“Conservation and preservation of cultural heritage is an approach to sustainable

development” Soodabeh Yousefnejad, Page 48

“Earth Architecture in Syria is the mother Architecture”

Rakan Sullaiman, Page 49

“War Impact on the Ancient City on Aleppo Architectural Heritage” Lina Kutiefan, Page 50

“Territoriality and vernacular architecture, an ethnographical approach to

pastoral settlements in the South Central Andes (Argentina)” Jorge Tomasi, Page 51

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“Lessons from the New Hanok Villages Neighboring Cultural Heritages in Korea”

Han, Pilwon, Page 52

“Research on Quanlin Temporary Palaces in Qing Dynasty” Hengyuan Zhang, Lei Zhu, Page 53

“Spatial Representation and Heritage-making: Vernacular built heritage for

sustainability in China” Xiaomei ZHAO, Page 54

“Un-layering the intangible: post-truth in the post Rainbow Nation”

Debbie Whelan, Page 55

“Intervention method in the context of historical village in line with sustainable development (Case Study: Vinag historical village)”

Mehdi Salari, Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali, Page 56

“Evaluation of natural creations as a local architectural heritage in the context of protection and sustainability: cases of Kandovan and Cappadocia”

Tuba Nur OLĞUN, Page 57

“Usage of Traditional Runner Beams at Stone Masonry Buildings in Erzurum” Zeynep İnan Ocak, Mustafa Tahir Ocak, Page 58

“The typology of Qom Commercial Buildings from Qajar to the present and their

semantic system” Mahdiyeh Amirabadi Farahani, Page 59

“Public perceptions of historical authenticity under the perspective of Historic

Urban Landscape, A case study of The Five Avenues in Tianjin” Liu Tianhang, Zhang Chunyan, Page 60

“Timbuktu traditional practises in the Reconstruction and the Reconciliation

process” Ali Ould Sidi, Page 61

“State supports on vernacular heritage and it’s effects on sustainability”

Ü.Nurşah CABBAR, Page 62

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“The Sustainability Dilemma: Unprotected Authenticity of Living Rural Landscapes versus Preserved Authenticity of Depopulated Villages in Turkey”

Koray GULER, Page 63

“RESILIENT CULTURE HERITAGE: Developing a National Framework for Disaster Risk Management of the Built Cultural Environment of the Philippines”

Kevin Macarius A. Florentin, magna cum laude, Page 64

“Cultural heritage of Naraq historic city and its role in the sustainable development”

Sousan Mohseninejad, Page 65

“Study on Dujiangyan Project Value analysis and development suggestions for Dujiangyan Project”

Zhang Jingni, Page 66

“How to promote the status of historical cemeteries in the cultural and social dimensions of sustainable urban development”

Esmat zandi vaneshani, Vahid shahsavarani, Page 67

“The Vernacular Heritage: Palaces to Fisherman’s Huts – Castles to Watch Towers, their geographical spread, historic context, materials and proposed

future research” Archie Walls, FSA, Page 68

“Stretching country,

An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Architectural Context of "Wang’s restaurant" Village in Northeast China”

Zhu Ying, Qu Fangzhu, Li Honglin, Page 69

“Vernacular buildings, monuments and sustainability”� Fidelma Mullane, Page 70

“Wars and Destructive Effect of Them on Cultural Heritage and Historical

Buildings” Ali Abdolkhani, Ahmad Khanifer, Page 71

“The Role Of Religious Centers In Promoting Social Sustainability In Historical

City of Kashan” Aysan BEIDAGHDAR SHOTORBAN, Sajjad BAYAT, Page 72

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“Conservation Challenges Caused by Public Works: the Case of Dereuzunyer Village that Submerged by Dam Waters”

Yegân KÂHYA, Koray GULER, Ayşe Ceren GULER, Page 73

“Analysis of the academic studies on vernacular heritage in Turkey” Oncu Basoglan Avsar, Nezihat Koskluk Kaya, Umut Devrim Genc, Page 74

“Conservation of Cultural Heritage as a Motive and Guideline of Sustainable

Development” Atefeh Rashnui, Ahmadreza Hoseini Borujeni, Page 75

“Activation and Suture - Study on Protection and Utilization of Bubei Stockade

Village in Yu County, Hebei Province, China” Li Dongzu, Cao Peng, Page 76

“Sustainable Development Implies Association of Industry and Heritage”

Amir Alivand, Fatemeh Alizadeh, Page 77

“Education of local communities, a stimulus for the sustainable development of cultural heritage”

Mahsa Rasouli, Reyhaneh Ranjkesh, Page 78

“Research on Planting Design of Yuan Ming Yuan (Old Summer Palace) Based on Emperors’ Poems in the Qing Dynasty”

Qian Ji, Chunyan, Zhang, Page 79

“Sharing of Cultural Values in the Catholic Villages of Northern Vietnam, Through Building and Using a Database System of Survey Results”

Yukimasa Yamada, Page 80

“Transformation of a 14th century bath building with a vernacular dwelling to a contemporary reception unit on cultural heritage site of Stratonikeia in Turkey”

Oncu Basoglan Avsar, Page 81

“The Protection and Heritage Strategy of Chinese Traditional Space: A case Study of She County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province”

Wang Mei, Page 82

“Conservation Problems of Gökçeada’s (Imbros) Cultural Heritage and Recommendations for Sustainable Conservation”

Ayşe Ceren GÜLER, Page 83

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“The role of neighbourhood open spaces in social sustainability of the city: The case of Tabriz Mahallehs in Qajar Era”

Moretza Mirgholami, Page 84

“Conservation of urban agricultural landscape: A case study of Karaj” Armin Parhizi Rad, Parastoo Eshrati, Page 85

“Typological methods of building renovation and regeneration in historical

district: design of building renovation and new-build shopping centre in Chuancheng Historical District in Handan City, Hebei Province, China”

Wang Qi, Page 86

“Recognition of context-oriented architectural patterns of Oshtabin village – East Azarbaijan”

Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali, Mehdi Salari, Akram alsadat Razmgir, Page 87

“Sustainable Development, Integration of Decision Management in Conservation”

Bersabeh Salek Azad, Page 88

“The effect of the Art Nouveau movement on the architecture of the first Pahlavi era (Comparative studies of the monuments with modern Art Nouveau in

European and Iranian examples)” Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali, Mehdi Salari, Page 89

“Green museum, a step towards sustainable urban development”

Vahid shahsavarani, Esmat zandi vaneshani, Page 90

“Establishing Pathological Evidence for Evidence-Based Architectural Heritage Conservation”

LiQi, LiuDaping, Page 91

“Role of cultural heritage values in sustainable Development” Parisa Abdollahi, Page 92

“Investigating sustainable knowledge in vernacular environments: the case of

TAŞKALE village, Turkey” Emine Çiğdem Asrav, A. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz, Page 93

“From Understanding to Action for Conservation and Sustainability of

Vernacular Built Heritage: Historic Rural Settlement of Kemerköy, TURKEY” Simay Cansu EKİCİ, Azime ALADAĞ, Elif Miray KISAER, Özgün ÖZÇAKIR, A. Güliz

BİLGİN ALTINÖZ, Page 94

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“Vernacular building traditions: A case study of KANDOVAN”

Aso Hajirasouli, Anoma Kumarasuriyar, David Nielsen, Page 95

“Engaging the future: Initiatives of the local community in the revival of the Vernacular Architecture in Oman”

Naima Benkari, Page 96

“A southern Iranian vernacular method of collecting ground water and its importance as a form of sustainable method of green architecture”

Kamyar Kamyab, Page 97

“Factors affecting the sense of place of historical buildings, A step towards the semantic conservation and sustainability of architectural heritage”

Farzin Haghparast, Maziar Asefi, Elnaz Abizadeh, Page 98

“Heritage Architecture’s Parkization Model -Take the Temple of Heaven as an example”

Li Dongzu, Cao Peng, Page 99

“The necessity for recognizing the changes and the course of the formation of the architectural structure and historical context on the limits and approaches of

protective interventions (Case Study: Oshtobin Village during Safavid and Qajar period)”

Mohammad Aminian, Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali, Page 100

“Project risk management in conservation and restoration, Case study: Takh-E Soleyman World Heritage Complex”

Mohammad Fathi, Reza Taqavi, Page 101

The first day image Page 102

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The Diversity of Knowledge and Heritage of the Iranian Vernacular Architecture Mohammad Hassan Talebian Deputy for cultural heritage, ICHHTO, mh.talebian@ut.ac.ir Abstract Iran is a country with more than 10,000 years of life history background and due to its specific geographical situation, especially in Albourz and Zagros mountains; you can find a great variety of biodiversity and vernacular architecture. Expert estimates indicate that there are over one million and two hundred thousand historical, cultural and natural monuments and sites, of which about 34,000 have been listed in the National Heritage List and 24th sites are in the World Heritage List (including Bam and Meymand Cultural Landscape, Persian Garden, Persian Qanat, Yazd Historic City, Iranian Mosque, Iranian Tower, Lut Desert, Takht-e-Jamshid, Chogha Zanbil and Susa) and thirteen are on Intangible World List (including Nowruz, Chogan and Kamanche), 56 monuments are on Tentative List of Iranian World Heritage (such as Asbadas or Persian Windmills, Persian House, Persian Hammam, Persian Caravanserai, Oraman rural landscape in the west region and etc.). Fortunately, Iran is one of the few countries where the sciences of craftsmanship or indigenous knowledge still continuous to exist, and a variety of creative work has been done on the construction, restoration and renovation that have been attempted to document this knowledge for decades, but because of its extraordinary diversity, much remains to be done. The variety of adobe, Chineh, brick, stone, wooden works and in some of these sites or monuments, especially in different historical periods, is faced with a combination of the diversity of traditional technology and materials. This article will attempt to address this diversity through indigenous knowledge. Keywords: Iranian Vernacular Architecture, Heritage diversity, Traditional skills

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The World Heritage Base of Tabriz Historical Bazaar Complex, Action and Challenges Hosein Esmaeeli Manager of the Tabriz Historic Bazzar Complex, f_esmaeeli_s@yahoo.com Abstract The challenges of the world heritage bases, which desire logical and thoughtful actions are always the most important activities related to these sites. The power of c=facing these increasing challenges which are influenced by time, technology, economy and politics is one of the management solutions that changes these challenges into useful opportunities. Challenges in framework, architecture, structures, view, economy, society and culture with natural disasters which are threating Tabriz Bazaar Complex, need a lot of actions and conditions which are induced by art, architecture, culture and traditions. These actions with a hundred years old history which show thoughts, cultures and goals of Tabriz Bazaar Complex, by passing the time and especially because of the different governments or people and the lack of trust between businessmen and governments can have a deep relationship with thoughts induced by about 8000 stores. According to the problems and challenges of Bazaar, in this article the actions of the world heritage base of Tabriz historic Bazaar for solving these problems and preventing the possible damage are discussed. Keywords: Tabriz Historic Bazaar, Management, Actions, and Challenges

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Condit ion and Preservation Assessment for Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex UNESCO-WHS Based on Benchmarking Approach Samereh pourmoradian, Kurt Luger PhD, university of Salzburg, Austria, samereh.pourmoradian@stud.sbg.ac.at, Professor of University of Salzburg, Austria; UNESCO-Chair holder “Cultural Heritage and Tourism” Abstract World Heritage represents a unique form of cultural heritage. World Heritage Sites (WHS) are recognized as having outstanding universal value to humanity. In this regard, heritage site is a fragile, non-renewable resource, which needs protection if it is to preserve its exceptional character for future generations. Therefore condition and preservation must be the first and foremost priority for the world heritage sites. Technically speaking, condition and preservation is one the main and most important indicator for sufficient managing of UNESCO’s WHSs. Accordingly, the main objective of this research is to analyse tourism policies in field of condition and preservation for Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex (THBC) UNESCO-WHS. Results of TBHC are also compared with condition and preservation policies applied to Salzburg UNESCO-WHS in Austria. For this goal, condition and preservation information and which is available in the Cultural Heritage, Handicraft and tourism organization and also Municipality of Tabriz city were collected within the interview process and used as basic data. The collected data are analysed using UNESCO Benchmark Median Automation, which is represented by UNESCO World Heritage Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch Managementzentrum. According to results, THBC-WHS performs admirably with the combined ranking for this dimension even lower than the Salzburg city’s WHS. Preservation status of the buildings at the Salzburg WHS is very high throughout with city zoning historic town conservation. It is necessary to mention that, restoration and preventive protection include all considerations for maintaining a historical object without interfering in the structure and physical form of the work. These include the following aspects: a) Threat management: involves assessing the status of the TBHC-WHS and attempting to reduce the role of potential harmful agents; b) Environmental control: all measures that are considered to be safe and environmentally friendly are considered; C) Legal protection: implementing regulations that deal with theft, smuggling, and non-scientific behaviours. Keywords: Condition and Preservation; UNESCO-WHS; Benchmarking

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Vernacular Wisdom: the Value and Conservation of Dong Vil lage in Guizhou Province of China Shao Yong, Zhang Le Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, nyshao163@163.com Abstract Vernacular heritage can embody the great wisdom with which the ancients created their habitats for hundreds of years. People formed a unique production mode and lifestyle and created a harmonious living environment ideal by adhering to vernacular wisdom, a consensus of complying with nature and methods of utilizing nature resources orderly and rationally. For example, under the influence of Dong minority culture, numerous rural settlements arose in southwest China with strong local characteristics although the nature conditions were harsh. Dong village Zengchong in Guizhou Province is studied as a case, and the vernacular wisdom of it is summarized as below: 1. the production and living style by water which integrated the functions of domestic water use, fish farming, fire prevention, drainage, rinsing, and irrigation in various forms of ponds, aqueducts, and water pipes; 2. the paddy-fish-duck compound agricultural system ,a system of rearing fish and ducks together in paddy fields to protect farmlands without applying pesticides and chemical fertilizers; 3. organic resource utilization methods, under which cedar wood and bamboo grown in the mountain were used as building materials and instruments respectively and cotton cultivated and bluegrass were used to weave and dye clothes; 4. the public space system composed of Drum Tower and FengYu bridge, places to communicate and promote community cohesion. The wisdom utilized nature resources rationally and formed a mechanism of village self-growth regulation. However, the new village was designed in a simple geometric and mechanical layout which ignored terrain and therefore was perceived as a neglect of vernacular wisdom. The conclusion is drawn that besides the importance of vernacular built heritage conservation, vernacular wisdom should also be emphasized in the development and management of village so that the old and new environment can be harmoniously unified to achieve sustainable development goal. Keywords：vernacular heritage, vernacular wisdom, Guizhou Province of China, Dong village Zengchong, sustainable development

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Humble Vernacular and Sustainabil i ty – an example from Oslo, Norway David Brand Conservation Architect, davibran@online.no Abstract This simple Outhouse on the outskirts of Oslo, Norway´s capital, is a unique survivor of a building tradition; built to cover immediate needs – a stable for the horse, a pigsty for food and meat for sale in the town market, a carriage shed, with an outside toilet tucked onto the end. Built in a time when self-sufficiency was important, before the advent of electricity, the motorcar and refrigeration. This purely “economy” building complex was built over a period of 50 years, with each generation maintaining and making only necessary improvements. The buildings are constructed in wood, part log and part half-timbered, covered with painted boarding. The materials are local and suitable for self-building by semi skilled craftsmen; In this case, the owner + friends and neighbours. Being outside the city limits, building regulations were less strict. After that the buildings were designated local conservation protection, the restoration process followed usual procedure – a measured, photographic and technical survey to determine the extent of deterioration and authenticity. A restoration project followed, in dialogue between the owners, architect and local heritage authorities. Craftsmen, with knowledge of traditional building techniques, have carried out the restoration. Under close supervision of the conservation architect. It was also possible to hold several workshops in “on site” measured drawing and technical analysis for students and aspiring local heritage employees. The entire process has been documented and will be available for student use. When completed the outhouse and the courtyard will become an arena for traditional Norwegian folk music under the direction of the owners, both renowned musicians. Keywords: Unique Outhouse 1860 – 1900, Restoration, Traditional Materials and Methods, Workshops and Courses for Young Professionals, Privately Owned Arena for Cultural Activities – Folk Music, Concerts, Theatre etc.

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Adobe Vaults in Vernacular Abobe Architecture In the Middle East: A case study from Yazd Neda H. Sadeghi, Mariana Correia, Daniel V. Oliveira ISISE, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal, neda.hsadeghi@gmail.com, danvco@civil.uminho.pt, Escola Superior Gallaecia, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal, marianacorreia@esg.pt, Abstract Due to the availability of the earthen material and also the ease of construction of most of the relevant techniques, earthen architecture is often associated with vernacular architecture. Among the several earth architecture techniques, the most common found worldwide is adobe. Most of the adobe architecture has pitched or flat roofs, but in some hot and dried regions, due to the lack of wood, adobe vernacular architecture was built with adobe curved roofs (i.e. vaults and domes). Adobe curved roof, which is totally built in adobe units and earthen mortar, is one of the sophisticated roof types in adobe buildings. This paper focuses on the vaulted adobe roof as a kind of curved roof. Everywhere in the world, where adobe construction exists, adobe arches could be found over the doors or windows. While adobe vaults, covering adobe construction, originated and developed in the Middle East, more than 3000 years ago. A vast number of vaulted adobe buildings remain intact in Iran in particular in historic cities. Historically, the city of Yazd in Iran, with a large number of adobe monuments and vernacular architecture, possesses a great built heritage arising from ancient cultures and civilizations from various historical periods. Yazd has a vast number of vernacular adobe houses with vaulted adobe roofs where a considerable number still present good condition. When reviewing the body of literature, it can be stated that vaulted adobe architecture that resulted from thousands of years of refinement, is outside the scope of the majority of available research. To this end, the present research addresses, in general, the history of adobe vault, its construction methods and structural behaviour. Furthermore, to better understand this earthen architecture culture, in particular, the vaulted adobe architecture in Yazd has been studied. Keywords: Vernacular adobe architecture; Vaulted adobe architecture; Middle East; Iran; Yazd

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Environmental degradation and adaption of vernacular architecture: Vernacular houses in the low-lying r iver f looded plains in Southeast Asian Peninsula Rawiwan Oranratmanee, Kanisa Sattayanurak Faculty of Architecture Chiang Mai University, rawiwan.o@cmu.ac.th Faculty of Architecture Chiang Mai University, kanisa.srk@gmail.com Abstract The mainland of Southeast Asia, or Southeast Asian peninsula, comprises of both hilly-sloped areas (in the north) and low-lying river flooded plains (in the central and south). Over the decades, many settlement areas in Southeast Asian peninsula have experienced the persisting problems due to environmental degradation caused by human actions, including the severe landslide and flooding due to deforestation and elimination of green and swamp areas for human habitation. Although varying degrees of damages have been done to vernacular settlements and architectures, there have been on going adaptations of vernacular architectures by the local people to tackle the changing environmental problems, which exhibit the problem-based design strategies. This paper address three vernacular design strategies used by the inhabitants themselves based on the case studies in the mainland Southeast Asia, which comprise of “the tall house” (up-lifting of house structures), the multi-levelled house (houses that lean against hilly sloped), and the amphibious dwellings (semi-floating/fully-floating dwellings). These strategies have been applied from the local vernacular wisdoms available in the areas, thereby providing examples and means of reproduction of vernacular know-how, which can lead to the sustainable solutions for vernacular design in present day context. Keywords: Environmental degradation, vernacular design, vernacular architecture, sustainability, Southeast Asia

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A new thinking in heritage protection oriented approach and its use for urban sustainable development Seyyed Hadi Musavi The architect and secretary of architecture and urbanism workshop in History Scholars Association of Maragheh NGO, mosavi.arcin@yahoo.com Abstract By accepting the necessity of heritage protection oriented approach in an era in which the identity loses its nature in disturbance and sedition, we take a look at the effective methods in promotion of space features from existence environment to living place in urban development path. With a top-down viewpoint to repair the unique historical monument scattered in urban fabric and extend its increasing peripheral effects to local and urban scale, and paying more attention to historical coherent collections are alike utilizing the potency of stem cells to rehabilitate the damaged bone tissue in medical science. In this analogy, the communication arteries between units and communication sets form the body and framework of a single entity called city. If the architect who aims to repair a historical monument takes the peripheral situation into consideration and contingents the monument valuation on the attention of space relations between the monument and environment, he has taken steady and favourable steps to revive and develop the urban environment and causes thematic with identity-based revival of urban places. So if the repair pattern of a single monument in coincidence with archaeology and hermeneutics studies generalizes to repair the alley; and theoretical principles of alley repair appear at parish, a large member of urban fabric with a quasi-Fractal consistent and expanding style will be removed from deformity caused by deviousness and form in a humanistic style. After this perspective, the repair of a monument is not necessary and crucifixes to time and place; but along with the clinical care of valuable historic works, it will be a revitalizing and duplicating course following the regeneration of urban physical. The enhanced intervention manual of style in repair a monument to ensure the urban sustainable development and visualize its results, is the concept of an article which the presented abstract to get started the topic is a general perspective of this idealistic viewpoint. A method, which its result is the peak of all efforts and patience.

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Rethinking The Vernacular Rural Cultural Heritage As A Sustainable Architecture (Case Study: Zonuzaq, Tabriz/ IRAN) Aysan Beidaghdar Shotorban, Sajjad Bayat M. Sc. Student, Restoration Programme, Architecture Department, Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, shotorban16@itu.edu.tr Lecturer, Art & Arch. ELMOFARHANG Univ., Conservation and Restoration of Historical Buildings, Art and Architecture Department, Tehran University, s.bayat@ut.ac.ir Abstract In analyses conducted in the field of sustainable architecture, traditional vernacular architecture and comparing this with modern architecture, which is a typical example of energy and nature abuse, this research, by examining the issue of the preservation of historical heritage and conservation of it, tries to domain the environment for generations the future. The traditional Persian architecture is a prominent example of sustainable architecture, which is visible in the countryside. Here, by studying the subject of sustainability and changing the usual attitude towards rural areas and attracting tourists among the four keywords "field, tourism, sustainability and indigenous", that try to propose a way to preserve historical heritage (buildings and ecology) for future generations. This research has been carried out with field studies of traditional and native buildings of Zunuzagh village near to the province of Tabriz city, which is executed and formed according to the climate and topography of the region. Due to the cold climate of the region, the houses are shaped in stepwise and at the same time with small opening. Form and settling of the monuments and development of the village in determining different fields other than houses uses of the grounds. In the other hand by turning the village into a tourist attraction point with the economic importance, the danger of the destruction of the village's historical texture has been happening. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Sustainable Environment, Rural Architecture, Indigenous, Tourism, Zonuzaq

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The necessity of recognizing and reviewing the historical context of Tabriz (In i ts conceptual-structural status and grandeur: as capital of Iran) Mohammad Aminian, Mohammad Fathi Ph.D. student in Art History in Yüzüncü Yıl University), aminian91@gmail.com Master of architecture, mo.fathi.arc@gmail.com Abstract The historical context of Tabriz, in terms of conservation laws and urbanization interventions, has been constructed more within the boundaries of the barracks and encompasses the area after the earthquake of 1780 and the surrounding physical elements as a protection territory takes the frame only when a few thousand people were left in the city after the earthquake, and, even briefly after the return of people of the city, according to written and graphic documents, the city's urban life was beyond the barracks and the fortifications and much larger than the inside area. In the earlier time before this earthquake, especially in different periods of history when Tabriz was the political and conceptual capital of Iran, it was considered one of the largest and most well-known cities of the civilized world of that day. In addition, according to the geographical, political and communicative conditions and the continuation of city expansion, it was one of the first law-abiding cities in terms of urbanization according to the written laws in the documents of Tabriz, and the concept of the city in Tabriz and the urban structures following Tabriz school were not limited to an encompassing tower and barracks and central and residential elements. Designed gardens and their related elements, and massive educational and residential complexes with their settlements occupied by thousands of inhabitants, as well as set of markets, which were decentralized and independent from main market, were all part of the Tabriz structure. Today, according to the rules, all of these elements are considered outside the historical context of city, which is an important factor in the destruction of the remnants of these collections, which are considered separate from the main context. Today, a new review is to be carried out on the concept of the historical context of Tabriz and the contexts affected by this school based on the recognition resulted from comprehensive studies. This article is, in fact, a report of this recognition by authors. Keywords: historical context, Tabriz, recognition, review, and conservation

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The Conservation of Tradit ional House in the Old Walled City of Karachi Kaleemullah Lashari, PhD, Fellow of University of Wisconsin, USA. Chair, Management Board for Antiquities, Government of Sindh, Pakistan, lasharikaleemullah@gmail.com Abstract Old town of Karachi sprang in late 18th century, in a broader area where the settlements abound since Stone Age. Merchant settlement distinct from the larger villages around it, comprised residents from all castes and religions; common feature was trade, through Arabian Sea. Walled to secure the merchandise; it grew in magnitude and sooner ran out of space for development, thus the houses had two or more upper stories. Made out of stonewalls, but the inner walls dividing the house in different parts were made with the wood and mud, plastered and brightly colored. These had tastefully improvised windows, having colored glass fitted, with geometric patterns. The outer door was made with solid wood planks. The ceilings / floors of the upper stories rested on the wooden beams, spaced conveniently and the spaces between these were differently treated, there is evidence that these were painted, investigations are carried out on their nature and patterns. Wooden planks over these supported floors, seemingly decorated with the colors and the geometric designs, generally coming from ajmi / Persian traditions. Almost all old houses were pulled down and replaced with the RCC structures. Preparations are afoot to conserve one such house, which is unmanaged and is falling. Paper discusses its circumstances, and plans to restore it in its original condition, highlighting the remarkable and lost art of indigenous way of building, for educating future generations. The property is presently in the private ownership, thus need to raise public funds for acquiring and managing it is great. Keywords: old town of Karachi Pakistan, indigenous architecture, community involvement, conservation, heritage management

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Kakopetria Old Vil lage, Cyprus Susan Balderstone Australian Institute of Archaeology, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, susan.balderstone@bigpond.com Abstract This project is a long-time work in progress – the rehabilitation of a vernacular mud and stone village in Cyprus’ Troodos Mountains – Old Kakopetria, designated in 1977 as an Antiquities Area of cultural heritage under Cyprus legislation. The village has progressed from a collection of dilapidated houses forty years ago, with no sewerage and no power or water supply to individual houses, abandoned by all except a few elderly residents, to a place where once again people are living permanently or spending their weekends and summers, having rehabilitated the houses of their forefathers. Overall planning for the project rests with the local municipality in conjunction with the Cyprus Department of Antiquities. Initially five individually listed houses were restored by the Department of Antiquities using traditional methods – setting a model for others to follow. The local municipality installed a sewer beneath the main street, re-cobbled the street and other dilapidated lanes, and provided street lighting and water supply and power to individual houses. Government grants are available to individual owners to restore their houses in accordance with Department of Antiquities’ guidance. Local entrepreneurial families saw potential for the old village to draw visitors and with the help of the European Commission’s grants programme post-2004 have developed accommodation and restaurants; some using houses in the old village. New uses involve noise, waste management, import of modern techniques and facilities, greater access for goods and people – how can these be managed while maintaining the cultural heritage values of the place? This paper discusses issues relating to the on going sustainable development of the village over the past thirty-eight years, sites, buildings and structures. Keyword: Cultural heritage; rehabilitation; mountain vernacular; sustainable development; Cyprus

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Discussion on the Sustainabil i ty of Conservation and Uti l ization Patterns in Historic Distr icts: A Case Study of the Protection of Qingguo Old Lane Historic Distr ict in Changzhou Jiangsu China Gao Chen Architects & Engineers Co., LTD. of Southeast University. Architectural Heritage Conservation Department, achen314cn@163.com Abstract Qingguo Old Lane Historic District located on the ancient canal in the south of Changzhou. The whole district is 400 meters long, 200 meters long from north to south, covering about 9 hectares. This one from the Ming Dynasty, relying on the canal, gradually formed the ancient celebrity settlements. Hundred years to breed Jiangnan scholarly culture. But also in the city changes again and again, leaving a wealth of historical information. Reconstruction of small factories from the 1950s. The new urban construction in the 1980s continued to erode historical blocks. In recent years, the media exposure of the destruction of history of the old city. And the government began to make legislative protection and reasonable development and utilization of historical blocks. In 2012, the government implemented a deep adjustment plan for the Qingguo Old Lane and started the renovation project. On the thousands of residents to conduct a comprehensive relocation. Which are cultural relics protection units, ordinary historical buildings, public housing, and new residential buildings in a variety of different situations households. The problem is on the one hand the government wants to implement the relocation of the transformation to protect the historic district, improve the urban style. On the other hand, experts and scholars and other public opinion called for the preservation of the residents in the district to preserve the historical district culture and vitality. We have taken the history of the district to retain the classification of construction, cultural relics to protect the building repair, ordinary residential repair, aboriginal participation in the design and so on. In this process, how to solve the contradiction between style and quality of living, the contradiction between the loss of aboriginal people and the continuity of community activities, and the contradiction between the form of living and the pattern of development and utilization have become the focus of the sustainability of heritage protection. Keywords: Government guidance, Public participation

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Culture and vernacular heritage from Mexico Gerardo Torres Zárate Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIA Tec, México / CIAV member, gtorresz@ipn.mx Abstract In Mexico there are more than 90 indigenous groups, which keep alive whether their traditions and vernacular architecture. In addition to the geographical variety of weathers and green systems, they both allow that vernacular architecture can vary culturally and materially. Among the different indigenous groups with a prehispanic origin, exists the Mixtecs who take up a big region in Southeast of Mexico for a long three thousand years up to now. They were contemporaneous with Aztec and Mayan cultures. The Mixtecs were the best craftsmen in prehispanic age; their crafts made of gold, jade, and codex paintings, which were the most appreciated by the other cultures. In spite of damage and neglect that nowadays we can see in mexican vernacular architecture the one that comes from Mixtecs has a closely relationship with its environment due to its cultural influence from prehispanic origin. The Mixtec cosmovision lays down a respect for each part of the nature. The investigation that is presented shows the knowledge about rituals, which are made to build dwellings, having concern of the environment. With the obtained information, we can be corroborated that vernacular buildings have a pattern in their special configuration, which supports in intangible elements about prehispanic cosmovision through contributed rituals for protection, consecrated in natural elements. The inhabitants give intangible values to the configuration of an architectonical space of their house. Based on these elements we can build an architectonical element being as a result an intangible structure, which supports the physical structure of the building. With that the mexican vernacular dwelling is defined, on the one hand the physical architectonical elements that are influenced by Spain due to the conquest, and the other hand the cosmogonyc elements from Mexican culture leads to architectonical shapes as physical as intangible dimensions but always joined with the environment. Keywords: Mixtec culture, Mexico's vernacular dwelling

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Emulating the vernacular: A new design model for the neo-desert architecture of Egypt Marwa Dabaieh, Dalyia Maguid, Deena El Mahdy Malmö University, Department of Urban Studies, Faculty of culture and society British University in Egypt, Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. marwa.dabaieh@mau.se Abstract Eco-Cities concepts are relatively new initiative launched by the World Bank, to help cities in developing countries realize ecological, social and economic sustainable future. It is argued that urbanization in developing countries may be the distinct greatest challenge in this century. It is expected that 400,000 square kilometres will be built in the coming 30 years which is equivalent to the world’s built-up urban area in last 2000 years, given that cities alone account for 78 % of anthropogenic carbon emission. With the devastation caused by latest severe climate events, a sense of urgency has turned about the necessity to adopt sustainable and ecological design principles for future cities development. Egypt as one of the developing countries that is the third largest populated nation in Africa, is facing a series of threats. From which limited access to natural resources in relation to the population size and economic growth besides the continuous challenging climate change implications. Furthermore, Egypt is recently facing a major energy security problem, which strongly impacts all national plans for economic development. Despite that; till now there are no clear laws or legislation for eco-city design and construction. The aim of this research paper is laying hands on hidden potentials and analysing successful private initiatives for existing eco communities in Egypt that is based on lessons learned from vernacular architecture heritage in Egypt. The paper adopted analytical case study method tackling different aspects like; renewable energy, permaculture, eco-sanitation, solid waste management, vernacular architecture, green transportation and green economy. The research contributes by critically analysing such attempts and concluded with design best practices and strategies on how to reach an environmentally enriched, healthier, resilient and socially rewarding zero carbon cities, running on their own locally available resources. Hoping that the guidelines recommendations are a nucleus for a national design standard or a best practice manual towards better equitable urban future. Keywords: Vernacular architecture, zero carbon cities, eco cities, urban future, green urbanism

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A tradit ional Estonian log house serving as a modern tourism product Elo Lutsepp CIAV member, Estonia, elo@evm.ee Abstract In Estonia, we are witnessing the growing trend of using vernacular architecture to enhance tourism. Only a small part of Estonian traditional housing has been turned into privately held farm museums. However, the percentage of farms operating as accommodation establishments has increased. In that case, strict EU regulations set limitations, which enforce the inappropriate reconstruction of valuable rural buildings or installing of pseudo traditional structures to the existing farm complexes. Both, the great fascination for timber, a long-established healthy building material, and the active lobbying of construction enterprises producing catalogue houses have introduced a particular new house type to the Estonian rural landscape. Log structures of this kind confront with the local heritage, as they originate from the Norwegian or even North-Russian building tradition. This report describes the development of log structures in Estonia by comparing authentic rural houses with those stemming or deviating from the local tradition. The given examples represent buildings that provide accommodation and are, therefore, subject to tight regulation.

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Vernacular Building Tradit ion as a Driver for the Sustainable Development of Community: A Case of Naxi Ethnic Vil lages Xi Pan, Yifeng Yao Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, panxi@bjtu.edu.cn Abstract In the general context of rapid urbanization，there are still there are a large number of traditional ethnic villages in the south-western part of China, and people there are still using their traditional building skills to build their houses with each other’s help. In these villages, the building tradition is not only intangible heritage or merely a tool for construction, but much more than that. Actually, building tradition or building activity exists as an event, a process and a historical institution, which has always been a driver for the sustainable development of the village community, specifically for reinforcing the cultural and social identities as an ethnic group. With a particular case of Naxi ethnic group, three demonstrations are revealed. As ordinary events, building activities enables the passing on of vernacular building skills between community members and generations. And the skills are constantly updated as well to adapt to the changes of social environment and context, such as the changes of lifestyle, resources and so on. Thus, the knowledge and wisdom from their ancestors are inherited and accumulated. As social process, building activities activate the social network or the resource flow, the labour assistance and the cash financing among the whole community to help the realization of the building. During this process, social relations are consolidated and the community members are strongly bonded with each other through these interpersonal reciprocal behaviours, As an intuition, the building tradition includes a lot of rituals and taboos of Naxi people. When a house is built, these rituals and taboos will be performed and the meaning of them will be interpreted. Therefore, the community beliefs, sprites and memories are recalled and shared between the whole community members, which sustains the continuity of the community’s history and culture. Keywords: Building tradition, Naxi people, ethnic village, sustainable development

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CHwB Regional Restoration Camps and the First VERNADOC in Serbia Jelena Pejković Cultural Heritage without Borders – Albania, jelena.pejkovic@chwb.org Abstract The CHwB Regional Restoration Camps (RRCs) represent a simple, successful, scalable training model, which grew, from 2007 to 2018, from a few students in Albania to multiple sessions in four countries, with a diverse array of participants. The RRCs form part of a Balkans-wide push to encourage people to value and care for their local heritage. RRCs have two main objectives: to use cultural heritage to build relations among young professionals, thus creating conditions for reconciliation as a prerequisite for peace and democracy, and to preserve traditional crafts and techniques. VERNADOC (Vernacular Documentation) is a methodology, which emphasizes data collection by using low-tech tools to produce high-quality, inked, technical hand-drawings. The method was developed by architect Markku Mattila (Finland), broadened in reach by Assistant Professor Sudjit S. Sananwai (Thailand) and implemented across the world since 2005. As highlighted by the founders, it is expected that the results of this work can inspire building owners and local communities to understand the values of their property as perceived by the outsiders. It is hoped that this mutual understanding can create a foundation for joined efforts between the owners and heritage professionals in conserving vernacular heritage. A pilot program which brought together these two complementary methodologies was held in Rogljevo wine cellars, Serbia, from the 1st until the 14th of September 2018. This was the 43rd CHwB-RRC since 2007, the 6th in Serbia, and the first one that focused on VERNADOC methodology for documenting vernacular architecture. The details of this pilot program, its results and implications for the future were presented during the 2018 CIAV international conference in Tabriz, Iran.

Keywords: CHwB Regional restoration camps, VERNADOC, documentation, heritage, Cultural Heritage without Borders - Albania, Rogljevo, Serbia

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Learning from History: Sustainable principles in Portuguese Vernacular Heritage Clara Pimenta do Vale Center for Studies in Architecture and Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto, clara_vale@arq.up.pt Abstract In a contemporary world, where sustainable assessment is mostly based on numerical analysis, we are prone to disregard vernacular constructions and vernacular traditions. However, being those structures the result of the knowledge that is acquired and sedimented over time, the vernacular settlements and constructions can foster a wide range of teachings that can be integrated into our current practice. In the late 50s of the 20th century, Portuguese architects began a national survey on regional architecture, aiming, in government eyes, to find the character of the Portuguese Architecture, its true style, in a process of national architecture valorisation, stimulating the affirmation of its vigour and its personality. The continental country was dived in 6 regions that shared some characteristics (climatic, settlement type, population, agricultural production), and 6 teams of young architects went through the territory, for 3 months, identifying, analysing, photographing and drawing. What they found was not the Personality of Portuguese Architecture, but several constructive cultures, architecture rich in its diversity, in the adaptation to local characteristics, needs, and constraints. The book "Arquitectura popular em Portugal" was published in 1961 and had a valuable impact in Portuguese architecture, not only in the moment but also for the future generations. Taking as the departure point the book along with the 50s photographic survey, in this communication, we will explore the potential of teaching that is embodied in vernacular cultures. The rammed earth construction in the Alentejo Region will be addressed as a particular case study. Keywords: Portugal, Survey, Vernacular, Traditional knowledge, Rammed earth

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A chronological study of the mirror as an ornamental element in Islamic architecture Shiva Ebrahimi Fakhar, Parnia Shahab

Master of Architecture University of Tehran, shivaaebrahimi@gmail.com, parnia.shahab@yahoo.com, Abstract Ornaments in Islamic architecture have a crucial rule and mirror is one of the most famous handcraft ornaments in Islamic architecture. This artistic element in its Islamic style based on some historical evidence and travelogues have been known for having an Iranian root. Although mirror was an imported product, which had been brought from Venice, Iranian architects used it in their own style. Some researchers depict the creation of these style by believing that during transportation most of the imported mirrors received in broken pieces so Iranian artists were forced to use these diamond shape pieces. This belief seems to be a simplistic idea because it ignores the meaning of ornaments in Islamic architecture. Every item or element in Islamic architecture has been formed out of a concept. This paper is a chronological study of mirror and reflection pursuing to investigate the meaning of this artistic handcraft in architecture. Mirror and reflection have a historical background in Iran. The first use of reflection in architecture date back to the time of Achaemenes Empire (550 BC–330 BC). In the Palace of Darius the Great, Tachar, reflection had been used to qualify the space. After inventing the mirror Iranian used it to bring more reflections in buildings especially in gardens and palaces. Mirror became a pervasive ornamental element in Mideast architecture even in a holy building like Imam Ali holy grave in Najaf-Iraq. Iranian artists used an imported technology with their Islamic identity and create a vernacular art which became popular and pervasive. This experiment would be helpful for contemporary architects and artists to match themselves with recent imported technology in order to preserve their Islamic identity. Keywords: Mirror, Islamic art, ornaments, Islamic architecture

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The Eco-cycle refugee house, Lesson from vernacular architecture for temporary shelter Marwa Dabaieh, Malmö University, Department of Urban Studies, marwa.dabaieh@mau.se Abstract Various natural and man-made disasters force the affected population to flee from their homes to other safe places. Providing these affected people with quick and cost-efficient shelters is always a challenge. This study has the purpose of discussing the design of an eco-cycle refugee emergency shelter inspired from vernacular zero emission building practice with the aim to reach a six ‘Z’ target (i.e. ‘6Zs’), meaning zero emissions, zero energy, zero waste, zero cost, zero indoor air pollutants and zero impact on the environment after the shelter demolition. The key idea of this eco-cycle shelter is to reach a net 6Zs during all stages: material extraction, building construction, operation and maintenance until the shelter’s end of life, which depends on plant-based raw materials are brought in from the surrounding area to the building site. The study will discuss the design concepts involved and draw conclusions on the feasibility of achieving the 6Zs target through the modelling and simulation of the shelter’s energy consumption, thermal performance and net carbon emissions. The beneficiaries of this project include not only refugees but also the majority of the world’s urban poor. The shelter is designed for the cold Swedish climate, but the method can be adjusted to other climates or geographical contexts. Keywords: Zero emission vernacular, Refugee shelter, Plant-based construction, Eco-cycle design

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Revital ization of biodiversity; a strategy for sustainable development in Khafr vi l lage Narges Karimi Master of restoration and conservation of historical buildings and sites, Isfahan University of Arts, narges.yalda20@gmail.com, Abstract The loss of biodiversity in the world especially in rural areas caused by various reasons such as climate changes, Ozone depletion, destruction and change in ecosystems, improper hunting by the human, pollution in the region, and the use of harmful and chemical materials are visible that threaten human’s health and ecosystems of the Earth. Khafr is one of the villages located in the Central Zagros Mountains that deal with this problem. This paper examines various species of biodiversity such as plant species and wildlife in the mentioned village and collecting information done by physically attending in the village, direct observation, field studies, and interviews with villagers and finally completed by library studies of these species. After identifying samples of biodiversity in Khafr village, problems such as the threats in the region, and endangered ecosystems were examined and solutions to maintain and enhance this biodiversity and natural potentials towards sustainable development of the village and reduction of its constraints were offered. The methodology in this paper is based on descriptive- analytical method. Keywords: rural sustainable development, Revitalization of biodiversity, Khafr village

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The importance of Iranian historical windmil ls as vernacular heritage, in cultural development, case study, Nashtifan‐e‐khaaf windmil l Mozhgan Mousazadeh Cultural heritage organization, handicrafts, and tourism of Khorasan‐e‐Razavi mosazadehm@yahoo.com, Abstract Iran, by its cultural heritage, cultural attractions, tourism, identity, historical background, archaism and geographic location partakes in lots of natural resources, and using these opportunities is part of the tourism identity. Vernacular heritage, as a unique relic, is very important that introduction and conjugation of this cultural heritage indexes, depend on different components including cultural management, conservation and the way of introduction, in case there will be a comprehensive and profitable planning, they can help with cultural growth and development internationally and also sustainable dynamic economy of the region. Iranian historical windmills in three providences (Khorasan‐e‐Razavi, Eastern Khorasan, and Sistan‐va‐Baloochestan) are parts of opportunities and valuable potentials of tangible and intangible heritage. Intellectual combination of art, industry, and technology; in the process of exploiting the continental and geographic conditions of heritage; by controlling the wind power, not only the career opportunity, but also it is known as a part of daily economy and resources. By surveying, the role, importance and cultural abilities of Nashtifan‐e‐khaaf windmills (Safavi period), the oldest and biggest windmill around the world, are considered as the case study in indexes like architecture, economic exploiting, tourism destination, historical identity, ecotourism and the world record is also one of the tools toward cultural development. Keywords: windmill, vernacular heritage, cultural development, the historical windmill of Nashtifan‐e‐khaaf

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Mental Characterist ics Of Contextualism Approach In Landscape Architecture Saba Sultan Qurraie* , Parichehr Goodarzi Lecturer of Islamic Art University of Tabriz, Phd candidate of architecture of Azad University, saba.sultanqurraie@gmail.com, parigol1364@yahoo.com Abstract The term “context” has variable definitions in different fields of sciences. But we must say that its expanse is much than its general meaning. The context and contextualise are concepts, which were offered after the world war by the post modernists. These concepts have different meanings in the fields of architecture, landscape architecture and urban Design. Since scientists who believe in contextualise have different ideas in choosing the most important context, so we shall consider the term context. Some consider the history of the place, some consider the context culture and people, and some just emphasize on shape and adjacency. In other words in contextualise the part which can play a role in keeping public memories alive is more important. In landscape architecture mental characteristics of contextualise are more important since it has more moving watchers. Therefore the fundamental issue of this research is to consider books, articles, projects operated by this point of view and professional ideas. Our goal is to recognize contextualise factors and specially analyse those, which refer to mental context. Although contextualise includes different aspects but generally it has two main fields. It means that the meaningful point of view is considered in the field of humanism and culture and on the other hand the shape-centred point of view is defined by the adaption of shape and our points of view. Also there is very close connection between culture and context according to the defined fields for them so we might consider the both issues while we are analysing one of them. The concept of contextualise in landscape has been created by considering earth forms and topographies. The increasement of knowledge about the existing environment has made us to care more about our land. Many of architectures, urban engineers and landscape architectures emphasize on connecting the built layers to the old ones. At last we must say, in landscape architecture, due to important relationship between architecture, background, society and history, contextualise is automatically considered in most cases. Only the magnitude and the method of considering the issue may be different in various projects. Key words: context, contextualise, mental contextualise, landscape contextualise,

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Socio - ecological Restoration and Sustainable Development of World Cultural Heritage Sites: Case Study on Reconstruction of Concert Hall Area in Kulangsu Fengmei Quan, Shaosen Wang, Jing Hu PhD Candidate, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, China, quanfengmei@126.com/ymcai@xmu.edu.cn, Professor and PhD Supervisor, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, PhD Candidate, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, China Abstract Kulangsu was a historic international settlement, which was built by local residents, expatriates and overseas Chinese, and has outstanding cultural diversity and modern quality of life. It’s also a model of multicultural exchange, collision and mutual learning in the early stage of Asian globalization. Its organic space combination, prosperous cultural landscape, excellent social ecology, together build a pair of human ideal living picture scroll. But with the change of history and the development of modern society, the inheritance, recovery, protection and utilization of cultural heritage are facing great challenges. How can its spatial pattern, architectural form, cultural characteristics and social ecology be historically respected and creatively updated under the new conditions of reality? Based on the case of concert hall area reconstruction in Kulangsu, this article puts forward that concept of " cell unit" linkage revival of cultural heritage site and the renewal strategies of " spatial form micro - restoration", " architectural form light intervention", " cultural characteristics slow activation". It also provides an experimental exploration for the cultural heritage, modern innovation and sustainable development of Kulangsu, as well as an experimental case for the protection of other cultural heritage sites. Keywords: Cultural heritage, Social ecology, Restoration, sustainable development, Kulangsu

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Explore the effect of the revival of cultural heritage on the identity and sense of belonging of residents of a neighborhood in Najafabad of Isfahan Zakie Namati PhD candidate in Azad University of Najafabad, nematy.z3000@ gmail.com, Abstract Urban Sustainable development approach emphasizes solidarity among generations and states that the planet and its resources do not belong to a specific generation, rather it is a trust that has come from our ancestors and should be protected by favorable conditions and given to the posterity. In the process of achieving sustainable development, the first step is to protect the cultural heritage of societies, and with that approach ecological sustainability, social sustainability and cultural sustainability can be seen in cities. Since cultural heritage is the collective memory of a nation, being in the cultural heritage area passes people a sense of dependency and belonging to a certain cultural groupbecause cultural heritage acts as a bridge between the past and the present and because of cultural unity the people sense between themselves and Cultural Heritage, they have a sense of belonging to that place. This article seeks to investigate the effect of the revival of cultural heritage on the identity and sense of belonging of residents of a neighborhood in Najafabad of Isfahan. This is a qualitative research and is used of ethnography with depth- study of resident’s behaviour. As a result, Cultural Heritage makes sense of belonging to that place. Keywords: Urban Sustainable development, Cultural Heritage, sense of belonging, Neighborhood

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Syria, Urban Vernacular Architecture and Present Challenges Dr. Samir ABDULAC Chair, ICOMOS Working Group on Safeguarding Cultural Heritage in Syria and Iraq, abdulac@wanadoo.fr, Abstract Traditional housing models were refined along centuries in Syrian cities and answered to cultural, social or climatic conditions. Some local differences were often due to the availability of local materials. Rural vernacular architecture is usually different. Rural immigrants, increased car traffic, urban projects and new commercial and tourist activities became a formidable challenge in the 20th century. However national and World Heritage listings halted most severe destructions in historic districts. Planning, regulations, re-use of traditional materials, protection agencies and emerging professionals are to be mentioned at the end of last century. Documentation by university students and foreign experts increased. Rehabilitation and restoration funds were experienced in old Aleppo. Damascus civil society was successful in preventing additional demolition to unlisted traditional neighbourhoods, a dozen of years ago. Since 2011, war brought terrible destruction to historic districts, like in Aleppo and Homs. Even ancient Damascus was not spared from occasional fighting, shelling and fires. Less controls and lack of access to traditional building materials may also be slowly damaging. Large-scale reconstruction projects like in Beirut after Lebanon civil war may also sometime be more destructive than the war itself. In heavily damaged areas, the first concern goes first to security, by getting rid of explosives and dealing with still collapsing structures. Valuable debris should be safeguarded and a precise assessment of the general building stock should be undertaken. All remaining written, drawn or photographed archives should be collected in order to assess property or occupancy rights as well as the original aspect of buildings. Infrastructure (i.e. electricity, water and sewage) is basic services residents badly needs to begin with. A priority in restoration and reconstruction is usually given to landmarks and major monuments. Urban fabric and housing areas are however no less important in the long run. A general conservation plan with detailed advisory guidelines (and services) is no less important. A comprehensive authority with extended expertise, funding, powers and controls will be necessary. Traditional materials and skilled human resources are badly needed. Training should enable a young workforce to answer building challenges. Keywords: Syria, Cultural Heritage, War, Post-Conflict

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Conservation and preservation of cultural heritage is an approach to sustainable development Soodabeh Yousefnejad PhD Candidate, Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Art University of Tehran, syousefnezhad@yahoo.com, Abstract This article discusses the function of conservation and preservation of cultural heritage as an important step for progress and development. Preserving the cultural heritage has led to the survival of the spiritual and material resources of the past that have preserved our cultural thoughts and knowledge of past time in the form of valuable works, and deposited them for the future. This resources rising from the thought, although it has spent years since its creation However it calls, the conscious mind for thought. And Paying attention to sustainable cultural capital and conserving and preserving them is an essential prerequisite for providing a good basis for this thinking. The scientific and cultural reading of the works of the past and the re-reflection of the Iranian Islamic culture in addition to the creation of self-confidence, which is considered to be the pillars of progress, has many achievements that make them a major step forward in the progress and development. In this regard, we will look again at some of the Iran's cultural heritage, which are considered to be sources of knowledge and technology. Conservation planning for cultural heritage helps to protect and preserve them as a source of science and technology of past time, in addition it turns them into useful resources for the development of tourism in the economic cycle. Attention to the cultural heritage, which has been a unique and Unrepeatable capital of the past as well as providing effective programs to protect and maintain them as one of the key pillars of sustainable development in the country, is a prerequisite for progress.

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Earth Architecture in Syria is the mother Architecture Rakan Sullaiman Directorate General of Antiquities and Museum, MuseumRakkan@hotmail.com Abstract This article dedicated to earthen architecture in Syria is a modest attempt to study briefly about the architecture of thousands of years. This tradition is the result of the combined heritages left by the succession civilizations that followed the Middle East, and its history has been deeply and consistently. The physical traces of this, civilizations are remain a testament to the fusion of cultures. The study of this historical architectural and archaeological evidence is the irreplaceable reference and the necessary material for any strategy aimed at renewing, reviving and highlighting this architectural tradition which made clay the main material of its renewed innovation, especially in Syria, a natural continuation of the historical development of architecture Since the discovery of the construction of solid materials at the dawn of the ninth millennium BC, it has been characterized by the permanence of its material.

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War Impact on the Ancient City on Aleppo Architectural Heritage Lina Kutiefan Directorate General of Antiquities & Museums in Syria, lina4546@gmail.com Abstract Integrality of the Ancient city of Aleppo Architectural Heritage System The architectural heritage of Ancient city of Aleppo constitutes an integral system, established on value-based criteria, which as their initial indicators have the pieces of heritage of major importance. Aleppo is thought to be one of the oldest towns in the world and a crossroads for some of the region's most important historical developments. All form part of the city's cohesive, unique urban fabric, now threatened by war. The Meaning of the Architectural Heritage Ancient city of Aleppo: Unity in Diversities With an approximate area of 160 hectares, the ancient city was enclosed within a historic wall of 5 km in circuit. It had nine gates and was surrounded by a broad deep ditch. The old city is characterized by mixed architectural styles. Various types of 13th

and 14th centuries constructions, such as caravanserais, caeserias, Quranic schools, hammams and religious buildings are found in the ancient city. Destruction of Towns and of the Architectural Heritage The traces of a culture are being destroyed systematically, in a targeted manner. In the war period, from 2013 to 2017, tenth of heritage structures were torn down. However, in spite of the mythical and irrational goal of the war waging, which can be called destruction, the ancient city did not disappear in its ruins. A large number of monuments didn’t disappeared. Armed clashes have caused serious damages in Urban historical city in all respects. Besides the damage on architecturally valuable structures, war has also caused rupture of social and authentic life cycle in this ancient city. Measures Taken after the government control Clear away some of the debris (which are not archaeological elements), they tried to keep streets open and maintain access by pushing rubble to the sides. Historical buildings were left until they can be assessed as to how they can be reconstructed. Valuable stonework was safeguarded as much as possible for re-use. Damage assessments emerged immediately. Description and Assessment of Documentation Sources Field Investigations, including site visits and collection of photographs and other documentation from published source, architectural plans, and other data. The passage of time since the end of the war and the alteration of some sites by recent reconstruction efforts made assessment difficult in some cases. Keywords: Ancient city of Aleppo, war, destruct ion, damage assessment, Architectural Heritage

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Territorial i ty and vernacular architecture, an ethnographical approach to pastoral sett lements in the South Central Andes (Argentina) Jorge Tomasi CONICET (Argentina), jorgetomasi@hotmail.com, Abstract Pastoral societies in the Andean highlands, in South America, are characterized by high mobility based on precise annual seasonal cycles. Through these strategies, domestic groups seek to take advantage of altitudinal and environmental variations that allow them to access different types of pastures throughout the year. Each domestic group has an autonomous management of their herds, which in general terms are mixed including llamas, goats or sheep. In relation to this seasonal mobility, domestic groups control a variable number of stable settlements that are occupied by their members and herds at different times throughout the year. In this paper we propose to study the characteristics of pastoral settlements in the South Central Andes, within the framework of the mobility strategies of domestic units. These motilities participate in the definition of specific territorialities, as material and symbolic forms of control and appropriation of space. In this way, the architectural conformations of the different settlements used by people and their flocks will be analysed, considering their relationships over time. For these purposes, we will observe the way in which this set of settlements is central to the definition of domestic groups. The information that we will use has emerged from the ethnographic fieldwork that we have done since 2003 in the Community of Susques, in the province of Jujuy, Argentina. As part of this work, we have surveyed more than a hundred settlements of different domestic units, seeking to consider local points of view for their interpretation. Keywords: Pastoralism, Andean societies, earthen architecture

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Lessons from the New Hanok Vil lages Neighboring Cultural Heritages in Korea Han, Pilwon Hannam University, ICOMOS Korea, grehan@hanmail.net, Abstract The traditional settlement in Korea mainly consists of houses called hanok. The hanok, literally Korean house, is a traditional house type generic enough to encompass regional diversities. It typically consists of several building-yard pairs. Its buildings have ondols, floor heated rooms, and marus, wooden floor halls, in the same structure, a characteristic unique to Korea. In the 21st century, the hanok has attracted a lot of public interest, and its environmental virtues and cultural uniqueness are being highly appreciated in Korean society which ignored it, fascinated by modern, western style buildings for the last 50 years. This trend has inspired the Korean central and local governments to develop new Hanok Villages in the surroundings of cultural heritages such as old Neo-Confucian Academies, State-designated Cultural Properties being nominated to World Heritage List, and old hanoks, also State-designated Cultural Properties, to attract tourists while sustaining the traditional architectural type and conserving traditional landscape. This paper reviews five New Hanok Villages, recently built in the settings of State-designated Cultural Properties, with special reference to the sustainability of the settings or landscapes surrounding cultural heritages. The paper examines the influences of the Villages to and from the neighbouring cultural heritages and their contextual integrity with cultural heritages, and their local identities by analysing their site-plans and photo images in terms of the spatial organization of settlement, the architectural type, and the landscape, to figure out the possibilities and limits of this type of village development. The consequences of the paper will include the requirements for the sustainable development in the settings of cultural heritages and the guidelines for designing and developing the Hanok Village that is compatible with cultural heritage. Keywords: hanok, hanok village, sustainability, sustainable development, local identity

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Research on Quanlin Temporary Palaces in Qing Dynasty Hengyuan Zhang, Lei Zhu Master student, Department of Architecture, Tianjin University, China, Major is architectural history and theory. zhyvennie@163.com, Ph.D. Department of Architecture, Tianjin University, China; lecturer of the Department of Architecture, Tianjin University, China; national first grade registered architect, archizhulei@126.com, Abstract This paper is the sub-project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Comprehensive Research of Royal Temporary Places in Qing Dynasty” (51408411), which is a case study of the Qing Emperor’s stopover place when he toured in eastern for Confucius sacrifice, which aims to on the basis of completing the most history archives compilation for the Quanlin Temporary Palaces, and comprehensive accurately cleaned up that the Quanlin Temporary Palaces was built in Kangxi Dynasty, until the end of the Qing Dynasty disintegrated the demise of the history and the evolution with the spatial pattern for the spanning within the full life cycle the scope in 200 years, meanwhile, it also analyzed the historical background of its evolution and its influence on the development and change of the Quanlin scenic area. The historical truth of the Quanlin Temporary Palaces is restored by combining with the present situation of the site and the archaeological survey data, with according to the time line to reconstruct and deduce the Planar pattern of every historical stage for the Quanlin Temporary Palaces. On this basis, this thesis from the analysis of the architectural characteristics and the garden management techniques for the Quanlin Temporary Palaces, combining with the scenic spots of the Quanlin, emperor Qianlong give the place names according to the scene and his imperial poems, which were interpreted and evaluated he double genes of the royal and Shandong area of the Quanlin Temporary Palaces As a case study of the Qing Emperor toured in eastern for the Quanlin Temporary Palaces. On the basis of the theoretical framework of the comprehensive study of the Royal Temporary Places in Qing Dynasty, and Comprehensive application of the methods of multidisciplinary field of view analysis such as architecture, philology, iconography and archaeology, meanwhile, the theoretical framework is improved and supplemented through a case study. At the same time, the Quanlin Temporary Palaces is an important part of the Quanlin cultural heritage, which is also an excavation of the value of world cultural heritage, which can help promote the research and protection of Quanlin scenic spot. Keywords: Royal Temporary Places in Qing Dynasty; The Quanlin Palaces; Confucius sacrifice ceremony; Confucianism; Rehabilitation Studies

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Spatial Representation and Heritage-making: Vernacular built heritage for sustainability in China Xiaomei ZHAO Fudan University, Shanghai, China, zhaoxiaomei@fudan.edu.cn, Abstract There are thousands of rural settlements all over China as legacy of a used-to-be agricultural empire. These settlements share a lot of similarities influenced more or less by the Confucian philosophy, under the direct or indirect control of the central government. However the vernacular buildings have their own uniqueness’s due to the diverse geographic environments and the various local traditions. The first part of this paper will give a brief introduction to the rural societies in different regions in China, explaining the imagined unity of China under the perspective of its special location between East and Southeast Asia. There are many ethnic minorities along the borderlands, embracing the central Han majority. The social structures differ and so do their cultures. The second part talks about the issues of ethnicity and the interactions among the groups. The space in the settlement is actually defined by the social relations. This part will take emphasis on the spatial representation in the ethnic villages under the theory of the production of space by Lefebvre. Much attention has been paid to the small rural settlements in China, as a result of which many have been inscribed into different heritage lists. However the heritagization process doesn’t help with the rapid social changes in situ. The last part will discuss the impacts of heritage-making process under a critical perspective. The situations distinguish because of the different pace of urbanization and the locations of the villages. Several models of heritagization and urbanization will be compared, leading to divergent social changes in each case. In the conclusion, all the social dimensions of vernacular built heritage in China will be summarized and their contribution for sustainability will be discussed. Keywords: spatial representation, heritage-making, vernacular built heritage, sustainability

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Un-layering the intangible: post-truth in the post Rainbow Nation Debbie Whelan School of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of Lincoln dwhelan@lincoln.ac.uk, Abstract In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, intangible heritage has for some time been a component of provincial legislation, with the promulgation of the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Heritage Resources Act no 10 of 1997. Indeed, whilst the province in South Africa was one of the first to legislate for intangible heritage in the world, its complex demographics have allowed for the inclusion of aspects of the intangible for many years. This paper will begin with discussing the intangible heritages of the province in general before examining the position of intangible heritage in its multiple facets in the approaches towards the understanding of heritage in the province. Amongst other contextual information, it will examine the histories of religious groups such as the Shembe to understand that intangible heritage is not merely the mothballing of memory, but contemporary, dynamic, and an agent of change, rather than a static concept clutched in the grasp of western thought. It will critically assess as to whether the presentation of such culture is sustainable, and the degree to which authenticity, on the part of the viewer, and authenticity on the part of the participant, is of value in to continuous production of culture. It will conclude by suggesting that intangible heritage itself is a process of authenticity, and that the authentic is a product of the action, the tradition, the interpretation and the immaterial, rather than a staid repetition of a constant externally understood framework of logical definitions which intend to view, digest and describe a system or ritual in order to understand it. Keywords: authenticity, cultural change, sustainable cultural practices

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Intervention method in the context of historical vi l lage in l ine with sustainable development (Case Study: Vinag historical vi l lage) Mehdi Salari, Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali M.A in Architecture, and M.A in "Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, mhsalari@gmail.com, Department of Architecture, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran, f_pashaei@iau-maragheh.ac.ir Abstract Sustainable development in any historical-cultural context requires the full-scale expansion of the indicators of development and promotion of the quality of life of residents through using the maximum of available resources, in a way that, while meeting economic needs and safeguarding cultural identities, it can enhance communication and social relations and issues relating environmental protection in an optimal manner in balance with developmental requirements. One of the ways to achieve sustainable development in villages with valuable cultural, historical and ecology-oriented context is to raise the quality of life and actualize the values and architectural attractions of the village and introduce it as a tourist destination. In this research, we seek to study the indicators of quality of life in the context of the Vinag, located in the heart of Arasbaran forests, and we investigate developmental plans in this valuable rural context by referring to the local culture and architecture and using comparative, descriptive and analytical methods. Keyword: Vinag, context, sustainable

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EVALUATION OF NATURAL CREATIONS AS A LOCAL ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABILITY: CASES OF KANDOVAN AND CAPPADOCIA Tuba Nur OLĞUN Fırat University, Architecture Faculty, Architecture Department, Elazığ/Turkey, tubanurbaz@gmail.com, Abstract Conservation and sustainability are two of the most discussed concepts in the field of architecture today. These two concepts, which are closely related to each other, include all natural / traditional architectures located in different places, different settlements in the World. The concept of conservation, which has become clearer with the Venice Charter and then strengthened by various charters and agreements, is also a source of inspiration for contemporary modern architecture studies through sustainable approaches. In this context, it can be said that conservation and sustainability approaches are very effective in the formation of architectural space. It is one of the most important shapes of creating a living place of architecture that evaluate the place of nature and to shape it according to needs. In this context, besides the space created by the materials that are brought together from different fields; the material itself can also be used as a living space. Especially stone, earth and wood are in the foreground quite in the sense of creating a place to live on-site. Stone is one of the most used natural materials in traditional architecture or today's modern architecture. Stone, which is generally used as a structural element in different places after being processed and brought to the desired form and dimensions has been part of the architecture by being formed as closed space in one piece without being processed in some examples. The most important examples of the use of stone in this way are the closed spaces and the settlements formed by carving natural stone formations. In this context, the use in question can be seen two major settlements Kandovan / Iran and Cappadocia / Turkey. The aim of this study is to contribute to the preservation and sustainability of traditional settlements, where natural occurrences in volcanic areas are involved and where these formations are shaped and used as a living space, as a local architectural heritage. Within this scope, primarily the concept of conservation and sustainability is mentioned; then the selected Kandovan and Cappadocia settlements were discussed in the context of these concepts. As a result of the study, the obstacles to the preservation and sustainability of these settlements have been identified and solutions for these obstacles have been proposed. Keywords: natural creations, architectural heritage, protection, and sustainability, Kandovan, Cappadocia.

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Usage of Tradit ional Runner Beams at Stone Masonry Buildings in Erzurum Zeynep İnan Ocak, Mustafa Tahir Ocak Researchers assistant - İstanbul Technical University, zeynepinann@gmail.com, Abstract Traditional dwellings in Anatolia are grouped in terms of material and local tradition. One of them is stone masonry building combined with traditional runner or tie beam (hatıl) which are came from North East Anatolia to South Caucasus. The use of timber beams and supports for masonry projections on façades are characteristics for this region. This usage is inevitable for a traditional solution against the earthquakes. Erzurum, a city in North East Anatolia, has impacted by many destructive earthquakes for many years. The buildings have been destroyed and then reconstructed or renovated in all the time. Damages after the earthquakes have been learned from travelers’ observations and archival documents. One of the travelers, who came to Erzurum at the end of the 19th century, said that there was no old house in Erzurum and all of them have been renovated after the earthquake. Another clue is an official report, which has been sent from Erzurum to the capital in 1859. It has been written that while the old buildings in Erzurum have been embedded to ground without openings, after the earthquake; locals have chosen different construction techniques for building their houses. As a result, the historic houses in Erzurum seen today have been constructed in this way. The aim of this study is to make a comprehensive review of the traditional houses in Erzurum, which encountered very frequent and violent earthquakes through the centuries. It is also included a short historical background focused on stone architecture combined with traditional runner in Anatolia; the regional properties and local features in housing tradition; definition of architectural features, material characteristics and some special construction techniques emphasis on the tie beams. Keywords: Anatolia, Erzurum, Traditional dwellings, earthquake

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The typology of Qom Commercial Buildings from Qajar to the present and their semantic system Mahdiyeh Amirabadi Farahani Imam Reza International University, mafarahani7@gmail.com, Abstract In the present era, commercial centres are one of the main uses of urban communities. In the past, the market was considered the most important part of the city. After the arrival of modernity, we see different definitions of the market, trade, and the nature of the buying and shopping. In the present research, the main issue is the recognition of the architectural and semantic patterns of shopping centres that are analysed in the three historical periods of Qajar, Pahlavi, and Islamic Revolution. Also stemming the factors influencing its development and relations and architecture in the centre, can be a good guide for cultural heritage and urban management authorities to provide consideration in future policy. The research method is qualitative case study approach with logical reasoning strategy is in the historical context of research. Qom, such as near the capital, the centre of Shiite Islam in the world and highways connecting the country requires more attention in the field of information compiled to date in this area has been done, so the Spatial substrate of the research and shopping centres in each period is basic pattern of them. As a result, during the Qajar era, commercial buildings were constructed using traditional methods of construction, proportions, exterior geometry and create space. From the Pahlavi period, with the advent of chess streets in urban design, we are witnessing the emergence of commercial streets with central cores, built in several floors and with central void, and in the Islamic Revolution this trend continued, and commercial passage and complexes became a common pattern. This shift pattern is the result of Manufacturing technology, transformation of the native economic system to the global system and according to the changing lifestyle and cultural level of the people, especially in economic and trade affairs. Keywords: typology, traditional architecture, modern architecture, cultural heritage, and commercial, Qajar, Pahlavi, and Islamic Revolution.

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Public perceptions of historical authenticity under the perspective of Historic Urban Landscape, A case study of The Five Avenues in Tianjin Liu Tianhang, Zhang Chunyan School of Architecture, Tianjin University, innovatorlth@sina.com, Abstract Cities have been man’s most elaborate creation since the beginning of human society; therefore urban heritages would always be the carrier of culture and collective memory of the locality. Nowadays, however, there are already globally developed mechanisms for the conservation of tangible attributes of urban heritages, in most cases, monuments, with the loss of historic meaning, which means, the public, including local residents and tourists, can hardly perceive the historical authenticity of the city in the modern society. As a result, they can barely understand the sense of place and historical layering process of the city. From the perspective of Historic Urban Landscape, this paper sets out the experience and approaches of public perceptions of historical authenticity in China through literature review, comprehensive survey and network data analysis, and take The Five Avenues in Tianjin as a case study in order to propose strategies for enhancing the public’s perceived authenticity of the historic area, in other words, make up for the gap between the exhibition of urban heritages and the acceptance of the public. By doing this, the public can have a better understanding of the meaning of urban heritage conservation, which would contribute to its distinctive identity, sense of place, as well as the management of change and sustainable use of urban heritages. Keywords: Historic Urban Landscape; public perception; historical authenticity; sustainable use; The Five Avenues

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Timbuktu tradit ional practises in the Reconstruction and the Reconcil iat ion process Ali Ould Sidi Former Timbuktu site manager and Technical advisor to Mali, Ministry of culture, Independent consultant to TIMBUKTU HERITGE OFFICE, ouldsidi_ali2003@yahoo.fr, Abstract For some people, when you say Timbuktu it is like the end of the world, but that is not true. I am from Timbuktu, and I can tell you that we are right at the heart of the World”, Ali Farka Toure, musician, Mali. Africa, the cradle of humanity, still holds a secret in its vast areas of immense cultural treasures; Timbuktu, a city of scholarship, with a strong historical personality and part of UNESCO’s register of world patrimony since 1988, still remains one of those treasures. A Sahel-Saharan city, home to the “richest of civilizations”, Timbuktu, a city that some call to from across the world, that can only be reached after having exhausted the world map, Timbuktu is a city with a heavy earthen architecture mainly composed of three main mosques and sixteen mausoleums. Indeed that city is well known for its participatory management initiated by the Timbuktu Cultural Mission since 1993. StartingfromJanuary2012thenorthernpartofMaligotoccupiedby fundamentalistarmedgroupswhohaddestroyedseveralnationalandinternationalmausoleumsandtwoofTimbuktuthreemosquesrecognizedasworldheritageproperty.ThatbringsICOMOSinternationalandBlueShieldmembersand UNESCO ambassadors in saint pettesbourg in June 2012 to come upon a call tosavegerde TIMBUKTU CULTURAL PROPERTY. To do so, UNESCO world heritagecommitteeandthe internationalcommunitydeicedtoput theTIMBUKTUpropertyonbothworldheritagelistindangerandonreinforcementmanagementsystem. The main objective of the following project is to go through tradition practices used in the past to preserve heritage then to see in which way those practices may help realizing both reconciliation among local community patterns and boosting the reconstruction of heritage destroyed by jihadists in 2012. This will be done through a participatory approach bringing together all stakeholders, indeed the local community and the knowhow will be our first targets.in addition all traditional way of restoration of both mausoleums and mosques bringing and linking local community members will be experimented and reviewed. With both partners, restoration techniques inspired from both know how and modern architecture will be used to allow the Timbuktu property getting back its former outstanding Universal Value called O.U.V. This time cultural heritage is used to fulfil both reconstruction and strengthening sustainable peace among community members. Keywords: Timbuktu cultural property, local community, Traditional Practices world heritage sites, participatory management, reinforcement monitoring mechanism; reconstruction and reconciliation process, action plan, sustainable peace.

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STATE SUPPORTS ON VERNACULAR HERITAGE AND IT’S EFFECTS ON SUSTAINABILITY Ü.Nurşah CABBAR Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums, II Meclis Binası, Ulus, 06100, Ankara, Turkey, nursah.cabbar@gmail.com, Abstract Vernacular built heritage, which symbolizes cultural character and variety, constitutes the vast majority of built heritage in Turkey (with a percentage of sixty-four). Preserving the authenticity of vernacular built heritage and generating its integration to contemporary life is an important fact of cultural continuity. Majority of these assets are in private ownership and although the responsibility of preservation and maintenance of these assets are primarily given to the owners, there is a crucial need of guidance and support to owners about the issue. State has the authority and responsibility to intervene for such works on vernacular built heritage. In that sense; Turkish Government has developed diverse support mechanisms, which technically and financially assist to local governments and owners. This paper tries to examine the different social, economic, administrative dynamics of these support mechanisms and the effects of it in various scales (national, regional, local); within a case study. In 2016, a project which intends to regenerate spatial, economic and social features of a district located in a historic city: Kahramanmaraş which is situated in south-eastern part of Turkey, has been started by the Ministry and Local Municipality. Kahramanmaraş is a modest urban area, which its history dates back to 2000 BC to Hittites and become a land of Assyrians, Medians, Persians, Romans and Turks respectively. Although it has an extensive history; its historic urban settlements and vernacular heritage had been widely lost because of disuse, disrepair and new urban developments. Even the registration of its historic centre as conservation area in 1993, it didn’t assist for safeguarding activities. Therefore this new project is not only important for exposing the potentials of vernacular built environment and to show the key role on sustainable development but it is also crucial for raising awareness and experience for civil society and public agencies. Keywords: Vernacular built heritage; conservation; conservation policy; Kahramanmaraş; state support; sustainability

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The Sustainabil i ty Dilemma: Unprotected Authenticity of Living Rural Landscapes versus Preserved Authenticity of Depopulated Vil lages in Turkey Koray GULER Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Heritage Conservation, koraayguler@hotmail.com Abstract Following the industrial revolution, abandonment and decrease of the population in rural areas are common problems that could be seen all over the world, as a result of various factors. However, many of these abandoned rural settlements have invaluable vernacular assets that bear the traces of past rural life and comprise the spirit of these cultural landscape areas. The de-population process leads to neglection, gradually deterioration and finally destruction of traditional environment that has been built with the experiences of centuries. The loss of human life, which is the main element with nature that comprises the rural settlements, not only causes the loss of cultural heritage but also affects natural life, agricultural landscape and bio-diversity negatively. Nowadays large number of rural settlements in Turkey have already been in the process of abandonment. Certainly, the biggest problem encountered in conservation of rural heritage is the loss of daily life in rural settlements. Although rural heritage in depopulated settlements have melted against the natural conditions by time, some settlements succeed to preserve their authenticity and integrity to a certain extent. On the other hand in some villages, which are more crowded and close to the city centres, authenticity and integrity values of traditional architectural heritage has been destroyed by human beings as a result of new construction pressures. This situation accompanies a big dilemma about conservation of traditional architectural heritage. Conceptual background about conservation of rural heritage has been developed relatively late in Turkey compared to Europe. Therefore Turkey faces different problems in rural areas then other European countries. It can be said that, successful implementations about conservation of rural heritage and preventing depopulation in rural areas in other countries, can be a model for Turkey. However, these successful policies and implementations should be evaluated in line with Turkey’s specific conditions. Based on this analysis, this research aims to contribute by putting forward recommendations and evaluations specified to future of rural settlements in Turkey. Keywords: Authenticity of rural landscapes, Sustainability of rural heritage, Vernacular architecture, depopulated rural settlements, abandoned villages.

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RESILIENT CULTURE HERITAGE: Developing a National Framework for Disaster Risk Management of the Buil t Cultural Environment of the Phil ippines Kevin Macarius A. Florentin, magna cum laude Master in Sustainability Science candidate; andJapanese Government (Monbukagakusho) ScholarGraduate Program in Sustainability Science -Global Leadership Initiative Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, kevinmacariusflorentin@gmail.com, Abstract In Historic Preservation (HP) built heritage is conserved by “protecting valued buildings from unwanted change”. Meanwhile, Disaster Resilience is the ability “to adapt” to risk and hazards. Disaster Risk Management (DRM) involves building hard infrastructure to improve resilience, but this can “frustrate heritage preservation objectives” and represents a clear dilemma on which optimal strategy to follow. In addition, literature is uncertain about the relationships between HP, DRM, and Sustainability. Understanding such relationships can pave the way for a better approach to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. Since the post martial law collapse of the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports, the Philippines has been struggling to adopt an approach for the preservation of the built cultural heritages especially in the context of protecting these heritages from natural and manmade hazard risks. The country’s properties are also protected by three separate national level agencies that have not adopted an official strategy for the protection of built cultural assets from disasters. In fact, preliminary expert interviews have noted that the culture agencies have yet to collaborate with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. The research attempted to determine the dynamics between HP, DRM, and sustainability; to identify best practices from Japanese case studies; and to develop a strategy for DRM in the heritage management plans of the Philippines. A systematic literature review involving metadata analysis and selective content analysis has been done. By using both quantitative and qualitative assessments obtained through the Heritage Management System and Managing Disaster Risk Manuals of UNESCO and expert analyses of the data, best practices from Japanese cultural properties have been identified. This was triangulated with the literature on the subject. Finally, a two-day workshop has been conducted with a focus group, and a framework for the integration of DRM in the National Commission for Culture and the Arts’ (NCCA) policy is provided. The current research project is scheduled to be completed by August 2018. Keywords: Heritage Management, Disaster Risk Management, Historic Preservation, Sustainability, and Resilience

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Cultural heritage of Naraq historic city and its role in the sustainable development Sousan Mohseninejad M.D in urban planning and Supervisor in charge Expert for monitoring of conservation & revitalization of historical cities Deputy for Cultural Heritage, Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO) susanmohsni6272@yahoo.com, Abstract The ancient cities, as dynamic and active complexes, centuries after their existence, had a natural growth until the fifties, and after this decade with the economic boom brought about by the sale of oil and injections of its consequences into the community, it has been subjected to incompatible construction with the natural environment, culture and livelihood of its inhabitant. On the other hand, the city's custodians, due to lack of familiarity with the ancient cities, planning and new designs and creating attractions in the new neighborhoods, caused the gradual shift of the inhabitants of the city to the newly built parts, and the ancient cities became problematic. The aim of this study is to develop effective strategies to strengthen the sustainable development of these cities (a case study: Naraq city), in response to "how to transition from this instability to sustainable development of the historic city of Naraq ?” The method of research is descriptive-analytical and information gathering is by documentary research and site surveys and the results of these surveys are presented in the form of a SWOT table and the analysis of this table has led to develop strategies. The result of this research is the direct effect of strengthening the socioeconomic- cultural dimensions on the sustainable development of the historic city of Naraq, which will be further caused to strengthen Management-Legal, physical, and environmental dimensions. Keywords: Ancient City, Incompatible Construction, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Dimensions, Naraq Historic City.

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Study on Dujiangyan Project Value analysis and development suggestions for Dujiangyan Project Zhang Jingni School of architecture, Tianjin University, China, 627152591@qq.com, Abstract Dujiangyan is located at Sichuan province in China; it is a living historic relic on the list of world cultural heritages, which has been working for almost 2270 years. This great water conservancy project is the oldest and the only retained one, which is still in use all around the world. It had saved Chengdu plain from hundreds of years of drought and flood, besides flood control, its main functions also include irrigation and shipping. Ancient architecture groups of aesthetic and historic value were built around Dujiangyan project, they were designed to complement the beautiful scenery, which shows the great harmony between humanity and nature, this could be a precious enlightenment to contemporary architectural design. Furthermore, alongside with Taoism, a local religion originated from Qingcheng Mountain, which is another world cultural heritage nearby, Dujiangyan has bred the water culture, mostly carried by Chuanzhu temples scattered in Sichuan province and even farther. Annual maintenance of Dujiangyan water conservancy project is combined with traditional water-release festival, thanks to the water culture. In this passage, based on analysis of qualities and values of Dujiangyan water conservancy project, the ancient architecture groups around and its water culture, readers can better understand and appreciate this brilliant ancient project, together we can better preserve it. With the rapid urbanization, a great number of challenges and issues are coming towards this ancient construction, measures are in urgent need. Keywords: Dujiangyan, water conservancy project, water culture, value analysis

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How to promote the status of historical cemeteries in the cultural and social dimentions of sustainable urban development Esmat zandi vaneshani, Vahid shahsavarani Head of the department of conservation and restoration of cultural and historical property, esmat.zandiv@gmail.com, Graduated in master of Archaeology, vahid.shahsavaranii@gmail.com, Abstract The cemetery in most today's cities of Iran has become open spaces on large scale and out of cities. Alongside this, the historic cemeteries within cities have been abandoned in their own way and there is nothing to be seen about dynamics of activity and urban space. However, urban space seems to have the potential of cemeteries with many cultural and social aspects and dynamics. Sustainable urban development has been introduced in many cities of the world since the 80`s of the 20th century and has been considered in Iran as well as in the goals of the country's future program. Therefore, the abandoned and exhaustion historical issues of cemeteries as cultural heritage in Iran as one of the criteria for achieving sustainable urban development seems significal and contemplative. In this paper, we will look at how to improve the status of historical cemeteries in the cultural and social dimentions of sustainable urban development. Keyword: Historical cemetery, Sustainable development, Sustainable city, Architecture, Cultural and social

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The Vernacular Heritage: Palaces to Fisherman’s Huts – Castles to Watch Towers, their geographical spread, historic context, materials and proposed future research Dr Archie Walls, FSA Retired Architect now concentrating on the Archie Walls Archive at: http://krcfm.orient.ox.ac.uk/fmi/webd#wallsarchive, part of The Khalili Research Centre for the Art and Material Culture of the Middle East, archiewalls@googlemail.com, Abstract At the Terra 2003 Conference in Yazd, Iran, I gave a paper on a “layered” mud brick technique I first identified in the mid 1970s in Oman and later in the desert areas of Jordan and Iraq. It dates to at least 800 BCE and was still used for royal buildings in the 20th century. Significantly, I discovered at Yazd and elsewhere in Iran on that visit and a subsequent one following Bam’s destruction, that it is the ubiquitous vernacular form of earth construction, and that without recognising and understanding it much of Iran’s heritage is threatened. Since that last visit, I have found other examples that have increased my knowledge of this technique. My paper would propose a survey of Iranian earth structures; the number of sites runs into hundreds, many with centuries of occupation able to provide identifiable and datable variations in the same place. Recording layer heights, brick dimensions, sample cores and material analysis provides essential information on repair materials to be used to sustain Iran’s indigenous heritage. Material compositions differ: proportions of clays; aggregate sizes; manufacture –hand made, box cast or other types of mould; mortars have coloured striations from aggregates and clays, and renders encapsulating brick cores are different with smaller aggregates to be smoothed by hand. Such changes form a general pattern, but each site may identify sources of materials, reasons for choice and the distances materials were carried. In parallel with, or nearby these layered earth structures buildings may exist constructed in the layered technique but using stone with lime-gypsum mortars and renders. These too require recording. Another factor is time: so many vernacular structures are under threat from modern urban expansion, pollution and, equally destructive, the use of that modern incompatible material, cement. Keywords: Historic mud brick sites, mud agricultural walls in Iran, Bam, examples in UAE, Bahrain, Oman, Jordan, Zanzibar

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Stretching country, An Analysis of the Spatial Characterist ics and Architectural Context of "Wang’s restaurant" Vil lage in Northeast China Zhu Ying, Qu Fangzhu, Li Honglin Associate professor and master tutor of school of architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin city, heilongjiang province, 150001. 617670367@qq.com, Abstract If you do not understand China’s rural areas, it is impossible to understand China. Without understanding traditional villages, it is impossible to understand China’s rural areas”. After thousands of years of cultural accumulation, rural areas, as the foundation of production, are extremely rural. In the background of the new rural construction, various types of people are carrying out rural construction in different ways. However, many authentic antiques have been made in a shoddy manner, so that villages full of “rural homes” have become no longer nostalgia. This article is based on the perspective of sociology, based on the field of architecture, combined with field practice and field surveying and mapping. Taking Wang’s restaurant village as an example, analysed the spatial layout of the courtyard to reflect the regional characteristics, the architectural space organization highlights the shape of the courtyard, and Uniqueheating facilities and distinctive construction skills highlight the research content of the northeast cold region. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and renewal of the traditional northeastern compound.

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Vernacular buildings, monuments and sustainabil i ty Dr. Fidelma Mullane CIAV Expert MemberConvenor Vernacular Architecture NSC (ICOMOS Ireland), fidelmamullane@gmail.com, Abstract Monumental buildings, and the historic ruins of dwelling spaces particularly, typically present as singular buildings in today’s landscapes. Their interpretation is frequently confined to descriptions that focus on the large, singular, monumental structure and its wider landscape without comprehensive reference to curtilage as a broader, complex settlement site. The phenomenon of smaller, adaptable and changing vernacular forms built in close proximity to formal, monumental buildings is an expression not only of vernacular practices, it also offers a wealth of information on the functioning of a monumental building historically. Seeking to understand the juxtaposition of buildings of varying status within the curtilage of a monument over several time periods provides for a holistic appreciation of the complexity of the site and the character of the relationships between individuals and the differing social classes living and working together. From a case study of vernacular building practices in Ireland, it is postulated that the manner in which proximous populations engage with a monumental structure through building, over time, represents an important element in the understanding and sustainability of singular large-structure sites today. The importance of ancillary structures in the site narrative, such as vernacular outbuildings, annexes and housing, and their changing forms and functions over time, is frequently underestimated as testimony to the engagement and interaction of local populations with adjacent monumental structures. An examination of archaeological and ethnographic evidence suggests that small modest structures, including dwellings, were often built in close proximity to large-scale structures, possibly ab initio , though they could also be constructed during the later phases of habitation, vacancy, and ruination of the monumental dwelling. It is postulated that, at specific period in history, curtilages of ruinous monumental buildings, including civil, military and ecclesiastical sites, became no-man’s-land sites of refuge for dispossessed and other vulnerable populations. It is proposed that close proximity of buildings of differing status may be an indicator of closer relationships between different social classes during various historical periods. Furthermore, an understanding of historic engagement with monumental buildings, including dwellings, provides a model for the positive interaction of local populations with sites and monuments and the associated vernacular structures, including those found in or adjacent to World Heritage sites today. Where vernacular buildings are included, for example, as part of a World Heritage designation, investigation of the vernacular response to, and engagement with, the site is often neglected in favour of literal descriptions of the vernacular forms.

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Wars and Destructive Effect of Them on Cultural Heritage and Historical Buildings Ali Abdolkhani, Ahmad Khanifer Supervisor at CHOGH ZANBIL world heritage site, aliabdolkhani5657@gmail.com, Abstract One of the most important hidden layers of war is “cultural heritage in war” which is paid less by public. During the imposed war the former regime of Iraq devastated lots of cities and villages, and with a clear hostility to all cultural heritage of mankind attacked on ancient and unique cultural heritage of Iran. Some of these monuments that were under attack have been registered on world heritage list of UNESCO, for instance CHOGHA ZANBIL and SUSA which in terms of artistic and historical values are unique and unmatched. Another example is demolition of historical zone and texture of cities of Iran like Shushtar and Dezful. These are just small parts of anti-cultural deeds that regime of Iraq took during 8 years imposed war. Damages to cultural heritage and ancient sites can be discussed as a most prominent cultural-historical crime in a form of hidden layer of war. The article would debate succinctly over this matter and restoration projects that has been occurred after imposed war in SUSA, CHOGHA ZANBIL and HAFT TAPPEH ancient site. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, War, Restoration, CHOGHA ZANBIL, SUSA, HAFT TAPPEH

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The Role Of Religious Centers In Promoting Social Sustainabil i ty In Historical City Of Kashan Aysan BEIDAGHDAR SHOTORBAN, Sajjad BAYAT M. Sc. Student, Restoration Programme, Architecture Department, Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences, Istanbul Teknichal University, shotorban16@itu.edu.tr, Lecturer, Art & Arch. ELMOFARHANG Univ., Conservation and Restoration of Historical Buildings, Art and Architecture Department, Tehran University, s.bayat@ut.ac.ir, Abstract The structure of ancient neighbourhoods in our historical cities characterizes the appropriate of functions and physical spaces in them. various and contiguous spaces that provide security and Comfort for neighbourhood services. The central space of the neighbourhood, as the core of the neighbourhood, has always met the local needs of its inhabitants. The presence of service functions such as Tekyeh, mosque, Bazaar and Ab-Anbar, and pilgrimage are activities that have been interrelated to the centres of historical neighbourhoods. At the same time, religious spaces are more prominent than other spaces due to the value criteria of the residents of the neighbourhood. The mosque is the most important part of a neighbourhood in the most significant part of the local field, after which Hosseinyeh and pilgrimage take on a prominent role. Other spaces are either in the direction of the blades connected to the field or attract a very small part of the field space. Mosque and Tekyeh as a centre of social and sustainable interactions play a prominent role.On the other hand, Tekyeh is seen as the area in which residents of the neighbourhood meet and collaborate. Tekyeh as a space that pays particular attention to events has always attracted more people. In Kashan, due to the large number of Hosseinyeh and the specifics and characteristics of each of them, a kind of social solidarity can be seen that makes each person's belonging to a particular area possible. This research, by examining the dispersion of Tekyeh in Kashan and those referring to such places, recognizes the perceptual influence range according to the physical changes of the city. Keywords: Religious Centres, Social Sustainability, Tekyeh, Sustainable architecture, Kashan

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Conservation Challenges Caused by Public Works: the Case of Dereuzunyer Vil lage that Submerged by Dam Waters Yegân KÂHYA, Koray GULER, Ayşe Ceren GULER

Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, ceren.bilge@hotmail.com, Abstract Rural settlements are the reflections of architectural approach, building technology, construction techniques, landscape features and traditional craftsmanship of past rural life. However, rural heritage of Turkey is facing the threat of extinction against the lack of integrated conservation approaches and sustainable development as all over the world. Moreover some public works (dams, bridges, etc.) lead to the destruction of this heritage under the name of development. Dereuzunyer Village located in İzmir, Rahmanlar Valley; Küçük Menderes Basin gives detailed information about past rural life with its settlement form, which is a natural extension of topography shaped by joint contribution of culture and nature and also with its traditional rural fabric that has reached today by preserving its authenticity and integrity. It is observed that some of the cultural assets in settlement, which reflects detailed information about the past rural lifestyle, have still survived despite to the harsh natural conditions, but the rest of them gradually dilapidated, neglected and turned into ruins because of the lack of maintenance by local people due to rumours of the possible dam project and expropriations in progress. After completion of Rahmanlar Dam in the region in 2019, Dereuzunyer, which is one of the authentic and rare samples of the rural architecture in Küçük Menderes Basin with its settlement form, construction techniques, design and also its cultural landscape values will be lost. This paper aims to contribute creating awareness about avoiding of such losses not only with introducing non-renewable values of Dereuzunyer village, which will be lost in a short time, by documentation of historical development, traditional architecture, traditional building types, construction techniques, plan and façade features but also with the promotion and interpretation of lost cultural heritage. Also, it is aimed to discuss the significance and the role of conservation of rural architectural heritage in the sustainable development against the public works. Keywords: conservation challenges, rural heritage, cultural landscape, vernacular architecture, architectural documentation, traditional construction techniques, sustainability of rural heritage, sustainable development, abandoned villages.

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Analysis of the academic studies on vernacular heritage in Turkey Oncu Basoglan Avsar, Nezihat Koskluk Kaya, Umut Devrim Genc Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Department of Architecture, oncu.basoglan@gmail.com, Abstract This study presents the results of an analysis of over 1600 Ms. and Phd. theses that specifically focus on vernacular architecture. The aim of the analysis is to identify the works in terms of the way in which they conceptualize and represent vernacular architecture. The analyses was held in the following sub-topics:

1- Subject of the theses (dwellings or the other vernacular building types) 2- Selection of the cases (rural, urban) 3- Scope and methodology of the theses (documentation, structural analysis,

architectural analysis, urban analysis) 4- Conservation principles and approaches introduced in the theses (and their

distributions regarding years and universal principles) 5- Concern about sustainability (if so how) 6- Concern about ecology (if so how) 7- Suggestions for future

The results of the analyses show how the Turkish specialists of heritage conservation comprehend vernacular heritage, how they run their researches, where they correlate or contradict to their foreign colleagues, how they conceive the future of the vernacular and the basic intellectual changes about these topics according to the years. This paper will put forward the aim and the results of the analysis in detail, evaluate the results in comparison with the on-going universal vernacular heritage conservation comprehension. Keywords: Vernacular architecture, vernacular heritage

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Conservation of Cultural Heritage as a Motive and Guideline of Sustainable Development Atefeh Rashnui, Ahmadreza Hoseini Borujeni Master of Restoration and Conservation of Historical Buildings and Textures – administrator of CHOGHAZANBIL World Heritage Site, atirashnoo@yahoo.com, Abstract It’s been years that in general look historical monuments are considered as a hindrance of any development, while comprehensive and complete definition of it is forgotten and in this culture residents of adjacent lands to the historical monuments are not familiar to deep and influential concept of this definition. This matter make irreparable damage to authenticity of historical monuments which is not effect less in social culture of neighbouring of monuments. Nowadays scientific progress on conservation of historical monuments is trying to change the basis for the trend of sustainable development by relying on empowerment and trusting in local societies around the monuments, so that necessity of attention to them is more obvious than before. This article that has a theoretical nature by following practical experiences of authors and by analytical descriptive approach describes subjects like: definition of conservation and authenticity, definition of indexes of sustainable development in societies next to historical monumentsand neglected potential of cultural heritage in sustainable development. Accordingly, different theories will be analysed of which, it can be mentioned to this key point: cultural heritage, threat or opportunity in sustainable developmentpath? Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Conservation, sustainable development, interaction of conservation and development, threat, opportunity

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Activation" and "Suture" - Study on Protection and Uti l ization of Bubei Stockade Vil lage in Yu County, Hebei Province, China Li Dongzu, Cao Peng Master graduate student, Tianjing university School of Architecture, Tianjing 300072; lidongzu@foxmail.com, Abstract Bubei Stockade Village is located in the western of the county town of Yu County, Hebei Province, China. It was built no later than the Ming Zhengtong Dynasty (1436) and is an important example of village protection in the north of China. The village is adjacent to Yanyun Ancient Road and Yuzhou County in ancient China. The geographical location is unique. The existing village has a well-structured layout and retains several important ancient buildings, such as Wenchang Pavilion, Dragon King Temple, Guanyin Temple and so on, as well as a large number of residential areas, and a number of residents are living in it. This article systematically analyzes and studies the historical documents, the existing architectural spatial forms, and the villagers' lifestyle of Bubei Stockade Village. On the one hand, repair the spatial pattern and existing buildings of the village from the perspective of the protection of historic buildings, on the other hand, suture historical context and realistic society of the village in order to achieve the purpose of activating the village. It is hoped that this study will play a role in the protection and sustainable development of similar villages. Keywords: Bubei Stockade Village; Activation; Suture; Protection; Utilization

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Sustainable Development Implies Association of Industry and Heritage Amir Alivand, Fatemeh Alizadeh MA Student of Restoration and Conservation of Historical Buildings at University of Tehran – CHOGHAZANBIL World Heritage Site, amir.alivand@ut.ac.ir, Abstract Process of industrializing that began In the middle of 18th century from Britain and some then so called “Industrial Revolution”, although at first led to great changes in different parts like industry, transportation, farming and etc. and brought the technology to a total new way, but by time passing and developing in different parts of this world and ever increasing desire of human kind for dominating the nature, problems appeared. Pollution increment, destroyed jungles, extreme decrement of non-replaceable resources and etc. are just small part of dark aspect of industrializing. Naturally this matter had its impact on cultural heritage and became a factor in erosion and destruction of these properties, especially the ones that were In the vicinity of industrial sites. By increment of pollution and outset of environmental crises in the early 1970s, the term sustainability and sustainable development brought up for the first time and therefore it was decided to set a better management plan for resources, substantially non-replaceable ones so that negative influences could be decreased significantly. Historical site of Haft Tappeh and world heritage site of Chogha Zanbil in Khuzestan province are two good examples in this situation, sites, which are surrounded by industry and various factories like sugarcane mill. However these factories are helpful to industry and economy but although during these years they were in conflict with historical sites of this region and certainly they have had negative impacts on them. This descriptive-analytical article tries beside of finding these impacts, shows some approaches that by obeying sustainable development principles lead to peaceful companion of heritage and industry. Keywords: Cultural heritage, Sustainable development, industrializing, World heritage, Chogha Zanbil

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Education of local communit ies, a st imulus for the sustainable development of cultural heritage Mahsa Rasouli, Reyhaneh Ranjkesh Expert on the chogha Zanbil world heritage site-conservation and restoration of historical monuments, Master of science, faculty of Fine arts, University of Tehran, Iran, rasouli.mahsa@ut.ac.ir, Expert on the chogha Zanbil world heritage site-conservation and restoration of historical monuments, Master of science, faculty of Fine arts, University of Tehran, Iran reyhane.ranjkesh@ut.ac.ir, Abstract One of the most important factors influencing the sustainable development of cultural heritage in historical buildings and sites is the participation of local people in conservation and preservation of their values. People living surrounding the site, due to their sense of place and awareness of the problems and environment's capabilities, can be engaged for conservation and maintaining it. In conjunction with the Chogha Zanbil World Heritage Site, the grazing of local habitats in the vicinity of the site will strengthen the potential of local labour productivity. Definitely, to do this, local people have to be properly aware of the values of their surroundings. Lack of awareness not only underestimate the effective role of these people, it may also have a devastating effect. Nowadays, with the increasing number of legacies registered in the World Heritage List, the need of education is felt more and more day-by-day. According to the education that is payed in different countries in recent years, the deficiency of this training, especially for1 the sites and monuments of world heritage registration, is observed in our country. It seems that the placement of training programs in routine education and research institutions, as well as in long-term planning, can become the main guidance of sustainable development. This article, by descriptive-analytical method, attempts to elucidate the important role of education in local communities and aims to explain how education can increase the emotional load of the place, by preventing the excessive attachment to the birthplace of immigrants and thus share local people with the sustainable development of valuable heritage. In fact, education for the sustainable development of cultural heritage in these communities can be an effective way to increase awareness and understanding of heritage values. Keywords: sustainable development, cultural heritage, local people, awareness, education

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Research on Planting Design of Yuan Ming Yuan (Old Summer Palace) Based on Emperors’ Poems in the Qing Dynasty Qian Ji, Chunyan, Zhang Tianjin University, China; jiqian005@hotmail.com; francezcy@163.com; Abstract Yuan Ming Yuan is an outstanding representative of the imperial gardens and can also be regarded as the essence of the Chinese garden art. The design of its planting is an important part and has significant research value. After it was burnt down in 1860, Yuan Ming Yuan gradually fell into ruins, and its planting materials and distribution can only be found from some remaining historical documents. Among these, the most authentic part is the set of poems written by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty. This article discusses the continuity of the garden plants in Yuan Ming Yuan, the connection between plans and the names of scenic spots, and how the arrangement of plants matched the atmosphere of the scenes. Finally, the significance of the planting design in Yuan Ming Yuan for modern design is discussed. Keywords: Yuan Ming Yuan; Old Summer Palace; Chinese Garden Art; Poems of Qing Emperors; Planting Design

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Sharing of Cultural Values in the Catholic Vil lages of Northern Vietnam, Through Building and Using a Database System of Survey Results Yukimasa Yamada Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, yyamada@tmu.ac.jp, Abstract The rural landscape in the region along the Hong River Delta in the northern Vietnam, standing a number of catholic churches, is reflecting its own cultural values. Due to the rapid economic development in recent years, not only many historical churches have been disappearing rapidly, but also the landscape has been deteriorating. The authors have been conducted a series of field surveys on the churches located in the dioceses of BuiChu, PhatDiem and ThaiBinh since 2007. On the basis of the results from the inventory surveys and the architectural surveys, we have organized our information on the name, the location (including GPS date), the date of construction, the size of building, the structural method, etc., and additionally the note describing the architectural characteristics, different types of drawings and photos into a database. We are trying to release this database in an interactive Web site, thus the database can be handled not by our researchers, but also by those involved in the church. Given that the most Christians are less concerned about conservation for the historical churches and the cultural landscape, the aim of building the database and the interactive Web site is to give the people a broad understanding of not the remarkable values as historical architecture, but also the cultural landscape created by merging a number of them with the natural environment, and to promote public awareness of preserving the churches. Thus, utilizing our database system would contribute to be a basis of sustainable development for the traditional catholic villages. This report aims to describe the contents and practical use of the database system based upon the survey of historical churches in northern Vietnam.

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Transformation of a 14th century bath building with a vernacular dwell ing to a contemporary reception unit on cultural heritage site of Stratonikeia in Turkey Oncu Basoglan Avsar Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Department of Architecture, oncu.basoglan@gmail.com, Abstract Stratonikeia is an archeological site located in the village of Eskihisar in Mugla which is one of the cities of Turkey in Aegean Region. The history of the site dates back to 281 BC and it was an important ancient city during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Although it fell in importance in the following eras it wasn’t completely abandoned. It survived as a medium sized city during the 14th- 16th centuries and then as a village in the name of Eskihisar until recent years. Today it is an abandoned small village presenting a splendid cultural landscape where we can experience the ruins of all the historical civilizations on top of or near to each other. The 14th century bath building that is the subject of this study is supposed to be built between 14th and 15th centuries. In time as the bath building became unfunctional, a vernacular dwelling was built on the ruins of its tepidarium. Today the frigidarium and caldarium spaces of the bath building are standing with a two-storeyed vernacular dwelling, which represent the multi-layered heritage characteristics of Stratonikeia. The building group was highly ruined. Recently, it was restored as a whole and refunctioned as the reception building of the Stratonikeia heritage site by the Turkish Cultural Heritage Ministry under the control of the author. This paper’s subject matter is the restoration works of the bath building with vernacular dwelling together. First both of the buildings will be examined entirely with the surveying and restitution drawings regarding the history of the heritage site of Stratonikeia, then conservation and restoration principles, the aim and methodology of the studies will be discussed entirely and finally the restoration period of the building group will be explained in detail. A bath building from the 14th century and a vernacular dwelling now compose a contemporary reception unit without losing their original vernacular characteristics. Keywords: Vernacular architecture, vernacular heritage, Stratonikeia, Eskihisar, Mugla

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The Protection and Heritage Strategy of Chinese Tradit ional Space: A case Study of She County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province Wang Mei College of Landscape Architecture, Tianjin university, Tianjin, China, wm970828647@163.com, Abstract Influenced by traditional philosophy and aesthetic theory, Chinese ancient space has completely different from the West in construction design logic and planning methods. In the overall process of the space environment, especially in the organic combination of natural and humanistic landscape, as well as the spatial organization of building groups, Chinese ancient space whether ancient cities or traditional villages presents a universal characteristic. The typical feature shows that man-made structures and the natural environment can co-exist in perfect harmony. In view of the protection of this traditional space, we should not only focus on protecting the building, but also protecting the overall space environment. This paper takes one of the Chinese typical villages She county as an example to analyze the image of its space construction and discuss the close relationship between the city and the environment, so as to understand the source of the Chinese settlement. Providing some suggestions for the protection and transformation and building a good architecture and beautiful environment, in order to glow the vitality and dynamism of traditional space. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Development Strategy, Traditional Villages, Landscape Environment, and Overall Protection

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Conservation Problems of Gökçeada’s (Imbros) Cultural Heritage and Recommendations for Sustainable Conservation Ayşe Ceren GÜLER Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, ceren.bilge@hotmail.com, Abstract Islands all around the world have unique ecosystems under the limited natural and cultural resources. According to this most of the islands have precious cultural heritage and cultural landscapes that formed with these natural and cultural effects. However, due to the limited resources islands could not exhibit flexible structure against change. Compared to the other places, especially in islands sustainable conservation approaches are needed because of these limited recourses. Gökçeada (Imbros) which is the biggest island of Turkey has a special natural environment where varies of plant and animal species exist. This environment is an inseparable whole with the cultural structure that is changing and developing over the years along with the social diversity. Because of being on a strategically important location, Gökçeada has inhabited by various communities since ancient times. Today, the island has many cultural assets owing to this generous historic and cultural background. After WWI Gökçeada excluded from the process of exchange arising from the treaty of Lausanne but unfortunately it has affected from political period and lost greater part of its inhabitants until today. Thus, abandonment process has been the beginning of problems about conservation on the island. The components of cultural heritage in the island like villages, fields, houses, churches, chapels, laundries fell to ruin due to not being maintained. Moreover, there are significant conservation problems today that damage historic, natural and cultural properties of the island. Besides natural causes also, socio-economic causes, political causes, current legal regulations, wrong urban planning strategies, unqualified repairs, restorations and unskilled public works are the main topics of conservation problems. The aim of this study is to discuss the conservation problems that threat the future of the island and to clarify what can be done for the sustainable development of the Island and the conservation of natural and cultural values. Keywords: Island, sustainable conservation, cultural heritage, rural heritage, cultural landscape, abandonment, conservation problems

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The role of neighborhood open spaces in social sustainabil i ty of the city: The case of Tabriz Mahallehs in Qajar Era Moretza Mirgholami Associate Professor of Urban Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, m.mirgholami@tabriziau.ac.ir, Abstract Urban spaces have a critical role in regulating social interactions of citizens, promotion of health, creating identity and providing economic opportunity for citizens in cities. Different types of spaces including Meydan, Bazaar, Street, Garden etc. have been inseparable elements of most historical cities and their effects on social sustainability has been studied by many scholars. There has been, however, little research about these spaces in local and neighborhood scale. This paper aims to explore the process through which neighborhood open spaces (Meydan, Guzar, Bazarrcheh) were formed in Tabriz during the Qajar period. The Study of some Mahallehs including Nobar, Rasteh Kooche, Veijooyeh and Khiavan reveals that their open spaces as a catalyst between several elements such as mosques, Tea-rooms, baker shops and natural elements (water supply and trees) has had a critical role in creating a self-sufficient and sustainable environment via which many social needs of the residents could be fulfilled and their interactions been regulated. Keywords: Tabriz, Mahalleh, Meydan, And Social Susyainability

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Conservation of urban agricultural landscape: A case study of Karaj Armin Parhizi Rad (Corresponding Author), Parastoo Eshrati Professional Practice and Policy Committee, Intentational Federation of Landscape Architects- Middle East Region, armin.prad@gmail.com, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Address: Room No. 322, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Enghelab St., Tehran, Iran. eshrati@ut.ac.ir, Abstract Traditional agricultural landscape as the result of local adaptive resource management system represent long-term interaction between human and nature. In Persian, Bagh is a general name for both formal garden and edible orchard. In this paper, the word Bagh refers to the traditional orchards that are of significant importance as an eco-cultural heritage maintained by successive generations of local family farmers using complex traditional ecological knowledge specifically evolved in response to local environmental conditions. Bagh is a multifunctional landscape providing diverse ecological and socio-cultural services. Food security and livelihood of local communities depends tightly on preserving microclimatic condition of Bagh and sustainable management of natural resources along with sustaining intangible heritage including the traditional ecological knowledge. In the broadly urbanized world, contemporary developments has enormously changed human-nature relationship. The more cities grow the more lifestyle changes, both ecologically and socio-culturally. Urban sprawl mostly lacks the vision, which is necessary for long-term survival. Degradation of traditional agricultural landscapes along with unsustainable urban development reveals the need for adopting integrative approaches that address heritage conservation and sustainable urban development at the same time. In this paper, the concept of productive city is investigated as an integrative approach that combines traditional agricultural landscape with urban development. The sustainable evolution of Bagh as an eco-cultural heritage can be continued with the concept of urban productive landscape as a new adapted sequence. In this research, the mutual relationship of Bagh and the city is discussed in the case study of Karaj. In this respect, the concept of productive landscape is suggested as a useful tool for both the conservation of traditional orchards and sustainable urban development.

Keywords: Traditional Agricultural Landscape, eco-cultural heritage, Productive City, Bagh, Karaj

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Typological methods of building renovation and regeneration in historical distr ict: design of building renovation and new-build shopping center in Chuancheng Historical Distr ict in Handan City, Hebei Province, China Wang Qi Cultural Heritage Preservation Institute of Architectural Design and Urban Planning Research Institute of Tianjin University, katherine91813@163.com, Abstract Based on the analysis of the core theory of architectural typological, this paper discusses the possibility of the application of typological methods in building renovation and regeneration in historical district. It introduced the design process and methods in the practice of an historic administration building renovation and a new-build shopping centre of Chuancheng Historical District. Prototype, spatial structure and building type are analysed, thereby putting forward the discussions as how to manage the change of functions in historical buildings, reconstruct spatial fabric and create new structure which will not only satisfy the needs of citizens but also reserve the collective memory. Keywords: Historical district, building renovation and regeneration, typology, spatial structure, spatial fabric, collective memory

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Recognit ion of context-oriented architectural patterns of Oshtabin vi l lage – East Azarbaijan Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali, Mehdi Salari, Akram alsadat Razmgir Department of Architecture, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran. f_pashaei@iau-maragheh.ac.ir M.A Architecture, and M.A in "Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, mhsalari@gmail.com, B.A in Architecture, and B.A in "Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization" shrazmgir@yahoo.com, Abstract Local architecture of the historical village Oshtabin is considered a very suitable example in which its climatic structure and contextualism are in harmony. Its adaptability with climate, geography and topography, etc. has exhibited a matchless architecture in this region. However, in spite of being strong in structure, such a matchless context and architecture is going to be forgotten these days. Today some buildings supported by metal or concrete constructs having brick and stone covering with so called artistic formulas have been replaced local characteristics of the monuments because they have followed non-local architecture fumblingly. Such changes have caused different problems especially in the regard of climatic comfort of the residents. Present article has studied the ways in which the residents and designers of this local and traditional Oshtabin village have exploited climatic characteristics of the region; and used them in order to create comfortable requirements. In an attempt to achieve such goals, the patterns and the methods used in the architecture of this village will be studied through observation and research in traditional architecture and consequently by implementing these patterns some suitable strategies will be provided for the best preservation of the historical context and creating suitable architectural structures of this village as well. Keywords: Oshtabin, climate, context

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Sustainable Development, Integration of Decision Management in Conservation Bersabeh Salek Azad PhD student, Conservation Faculty, Art University of Tehran, bersabeh_salek@yahoo.com, Abstract Sustainable development is considered as one of the most significant proceeds in the field of conservation of historical objects so that the explanation of such approach can be considerable and influential. Since the conservation proceeds aim to preserve and transfer the cultural property to the future generations, different factors related to decision making in conservation can be subjects to research and discussion. To select the conservation method there we need a decision as well as a management in the process of decision-making among a number of alternatives and hypothetical solutions. Decision-making can be effective when a huge number of options and methods be considered for solving problems. Every intention for conservation of an object is considered as a developed motion for sustaining such case study. Managing decision-making in sustainable conservation will lead to developing move in optimizing conditions in which the cultural and historical object live in. Therefore under this principle, it can be a precondition in adopting every strategy related to sustainable conservation. This article, by analytical-descriptive approach, discusses about the sustainable development that is integration of management and decision-making in the field of conservation. To achieve our goals we have used system index theory. According to this theory if we consider an object as a system, the sustainability of this system will require considering the forces and variables that have a significant impact inside and outside the objects. By identifying functions of these forces and their positions, choosing optimal conservation method would be possible. This attitude makes decision-making easy and integrated and helps all aspects of identification be feasible. This method can be a noble point of view for decision-making in the field of conservation in a purposeful system in order for historical objects to be durable and well preserved and can also realize the goals of sustainable development. Keywords: system thinking, sustainable development, decision-making, integrity, sustainable preservation

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The effect of the Art Nouveau movement on the architecture of the f irst Pahlavi era (Comparative studies of the monuments with modern Art Nouveau in European and Iranian examples) Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali, Mehdi Salari Department of Architecture, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran. f_pashaei@iau-maragheh.ac.ir, M.A Architecture, and M.A in "Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, mhsalari@gmail.com, Abstract One of the leading movements of the late nineteenth century is the New Art (Art Nouveau) movement, which played a key role in shaping the architecture of the twentieth century and the architecture of modern times. The feature that distinguishes it from other contemporary art movements is the extent and diversity of the styles of this movement. This movement has had a great influence on Iran's art and architecture at a particular period. Studying this era of Iranian contemporary architecture shows that diversity and similarity and differences of this style are observed in Iranian architecture. In this research, we will study the adaptive trends of Art Nouveau architecture in the West and Iran. Keywords: Art Vouvea, Iran, and Europe

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Green museum, a step towards sustainable urban development Vahid shahsavarani, Esmat zandi vaneshani Gradutaed in master of archaeolocal, vahid.shahsavaranii@gamil.com, Head of the department of conservation and restoration of cultural and historical property, esmat.zandiv@gmail.com, Abstract Today, with the development and advancement of technology, the importance of considering sustainable development and construction in accordance with the principles of architecture for the optimal use of existing natural resources have particular importance. One of the solutions of sustainable development is the revision of how buildings are used by human beings in the areas of cultural heritage and green space development. The museum is a way to reach sustainable urban development and to avoid environmental problems in existing cities. In this paper, we will review the most important features of green museums in urban sustainably development after a brief explanation of the definitions of sustainably architecture and its design principles. Keyword: Green museum, Cultural heritage, Sustainable development, Architecture, City

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Establishing Pathological Evidence for Evidence-Based Architectural Heritage Conservation LiQi, LiuDaping (Corresponding Author) PHD, Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Architecture, Li7_phdhit@126.com, Professor, Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Architecture, Ldp_abc@sina.com, Abstract Evidence-Based concept is a kind of thinking paradigm aimed to make the best decision. It is supported by knowledge, so that people can achieve their objective efficiently with high quality. Evidence is the basis for Evidence-Based practice. A integral evidence system includes different kinds of knowledge. For heritage building conservation, one of the most important evidence is an analysis into building pathology. This paper will present a standard operating procedure including body checking, damage identifying and damage mechanism analysis for architectural heritage. Establishing a evidence system on building pathology will give a instruction on evidence collection, classification, memorizing and expression. There are two aspects included in body checking of heritage building, which are degradation and damage. Architectural heritage degradation is a natural process, which can be inspected by non-destructive and laboratory test. The data should be used to calculate and forecast its remaining life. Evidence about Architectural heritage damage can be divided into three parts. Firstly, establishing a knowledge system, which contains category, form and measurement of damages. The system should also include the property of structural and non-structural damages of different architectural material and structure. Secondly, analysing all the architectural damages and find their pathogenic factors. Beyond the artificial factors, the natural factors, such as climate, physical environment and geological condition, should be focus on. At last, as normal architectural damages are correlated with meteorological factors, which include temperature, humidity, and solar radiation, it will be necessary to establish a causal map between meteorological factors and architectural damages. Establishing a pathological evidence system for heritage building will be the basis for evidenced-based heritage conservation, which is a new idea in this field. Keywords: Architectural Heritage Conservation, Evidence-Based Theory, Building Pathology, and Evidence System

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Role of cultural heritage values in sustainable Development Parisa Abdollahi PhD Candidate in Conservation/Restoration of Historical-Cultural Properties Tehran Art University, parisabdolahi@yahoo.com, Abstract Historic sites and monuments assume, based on the intention and objective of their creators, a wide spectrum of values upon their moment of creation. These values may be affected by environmental factors through passage of time and thus altered or even destroyed. Studies on the history of various peoples have shown that political, social, and economical conditions of these communities are continuously under evolution and changes; and at the same time their needs are affected by these changes. Moreover in each period the communities’ requirements impose particular approaches toward the conservation and protection of cultural heritage. Unfortunately these approaches are not always homologous with the preservation of heritage values. Therefore, as it seems, the approach that could both present and promotes the values as well as ensures safeguarding of the stability and protection of heritage is through consideration of the sovereignty of the identity and history of the property in every period despite all transformations and difficulties of the society. Hence while a historic site is considered indispensable from the corporeal part of the society, its very existence and destiny could not be threatened by political challenges and intricacies. If such significance, understanding and sovereignty is considered, both physically and mentally, and materialized as an objective; another word if short-term and case by case decision makings are replaced with sustainable conservation approaches in respect with the property and its values, then even social, economical and political transformations would be able to neither harm the protection methods with regard to the preservation of values nor be affected by personal tastes. In this paper the historical site of Persepolis is selected as the case study. In order to reach the above-mentioned objective in this research, which can be considered as a pure-applied type of research, conservation approaches are studies, surveyed and analysed based on relevant principles and approaches within the existing social/ cultural conditions and international charters and regulations. Keywords: Cultural heritage; Historical site; Value; Persepolis; Sustainable development

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INVESTIGATING SUSTAINABLE KOWLEDGE IN VERNACULAR ENVIRONMENTS: THE CASE OF TAŞKALE VILLAGE, TURKEY Emine Çiğdem Asrav, A. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz Architectural and Landscape Heritage Program, Department of Architecture and Design, Turin, Italy, emineasrav@gmail.com, Graduate Program in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Department of Architecture, Middle East Technical University, bilginaltinoz@gmail.com, Abstract Vernacular architecture is created by use of local materials with local techniques according to the local needs, tradition and culture. Use of natural materials, applying ecological solutions in building practice and spatial organization, getting benefit from nature compose vernacular characteristics. It is a process that is not designed beforehand but practiced consistently and tested to find best solutions in time. During this process, landscape knowledge is constructed and sustainability is achieved in its natural process. With this knowledge, challenges with changes and adaptation in tangible and intangible vernacular environment are responded. With this features, vernacular built heritage presents sustainable solutions both to building practice and socio-cultural and economic life. Taşkale Village represents vernacular characteristics and sustainable solutions in its settlement and architecture. The settlement area shows continuous inhabitation since prehistoric times onwards. The successive life in Taşkale Village follows settlement phases as living in caves, then, building rock-cut houses and granaries in-between to store agricultural products, and finally, settling on slope of valley in front of the rock formation which had been and is partially still used for various purposes of inhabitation, storage, worshipping and other socio-cultural activities. In these periods, innovative solutions are developed for cave structures its various uses. Architectural practice is shaped around use of local natural materials in the construction of architecture with basic techniques and at the same time acquiring ecological and sustainable solutions in spatial organization, architectural details and issues like natural ventilation, heating and use of daylight. Besides, lifecycle in Taşkale Village is totally dependent on nature that socio-cultural and economic activities are strongly affected and shaped around sustainable vernacular environment. In other words, architectural and sustainable features harmonized with intangible life dependent to nature constitute vernacular environment in Taşkale Village. In this paper, sustainable features of vernacular built heritage in Taşkale Village will be presented in order to both understand the characteristic features and also constitute future solutions for the degraded environment learning from sustainable traditional knowledge constructed in the village through time. Keywords: vernacular built heritage, sustainable traditional knowledge, Taşkale Village

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From Understanding to Action for Conservation and Sustainabil i ty of Vernacular Buil t Heritage: Historic Rural Sett lement of Kemerköy, TURKEY Simay Cansu EKİCİ, Azime ALADAĞ, Elif Miray KISAER, Özgün ÖZÇAKIR, A. Güliz BİLGİN ALTINÖZ Middle East Technical University, Department of Architecture, Graduate Program in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Ankara / TURKEY, cansuekici@gmail.com, azimealadag@gmail.com, miraykisaer@gmail.com, ozgunozcakir@gmail.com, bilging@metu.edu.tr, Abstract Rural settlements are consequences of the relation between men and nature, influenced and shaped by physical, economic, social, and even political contexts. They are significant constituents of vernacular built heritage, reflecting the building tradition and processes incorporated with local knowledge, resources, construction materials and techniques. However, upper scale agricultural production and settlement policies, as well as changing ways of living in time, lead to their depopulation, discard, alteration and even destruction. Besides the physical aspects, its intangible aspects, like local living traditions, beliefs, rituals and indigenous knowledge, are also under the risk of disappearing. Thereupon, it becomes urgent to understand and document the vernacular built heritage together with local knowledge on building tradition and processes. Moreover, it is also important to understand the factors, processes and dynamics of change in the rural settlements, so as to be able to define policies, strategies and actions for their conservation and sustainability. Kemerköy, a historic rural settlement situated in western Anatolia, is a very good representative of vernacular built heritage of this geography. Well-preserved buildings and settlement tissue of the village provide invaluable information about spatial and architectural features, construction materials and techniques common to this geography. Although the population of the village decreased significantly in time, there are still inhabitants and local masons living in the village. Thus, it becomes possible to reveal indigenous knowledge on living and building traditions, resources and processes. This paper aims at presenting the vernacular architectural and settlement features of the historical village of Kemerköy, together with indigenous knowledge on living and building traditions, resources and processes, provided by the interviews made with the inhabitants and local masons. It also discusses the factors, processes and dynamics effecting Kemerköy as an historic rural settlement, and consequently, proposes principles, policies, strategies and actions for the conservation and sustainability of its vernacular built heritage. Keywords: vernacular built heritage, historic rural settlement, conservation, and sustainability, Kemerköy

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VERNACULAR BUILDING TRADITIONS: A CASE STUDY OF KANDOVAN Aso Hajirasouli, Dr Anoma Kumarasuriyar, Dr David Nielsen Queensland University of Technology, a.hajirasouli@qut.edu.au, a.kumarasuriyar@qut.edu.au, nielsen@qut.edu.a,

Abstract Vernacular architecture was relatively ignored until the beginning of the 20th century until Bernard officially coined the term in 1964. Since then a number of scholars have studied this notion in relation to society, culture, traditions, function and psychology (Oliver, 1987; Rapoport, 1999; Rudofsky, 1964; Thungsakul, 2001; Turan, 1990). A number of definitions for vernacular architecture have been suggested. One of the most comprehensive definitions was by Barbero-Barrera, Gil-Crespo, and Maldonado-Ramos (2014); defining vernacular architecture as ingeniously combining environmental and natural features such as geography, geology, climate, and so on, with socio-cultural factors and characteristics of human life, to create dwellings and settlements which respond to its resident's needs and requirements (Barbero-Barrera, et al., 2014). One of the rarest and unique examples of vernacular architecture are the cone shaped-dwellings that are created not by constructing, but, by excavating habitable spaces from existing natural phenomena; a good example of this is Kandovan, in Iran. The only other example of cone-shaped architecture is the Goreme Valley in Cappadocia, Turkey. Despite their unique architectural similarities, these two settlements offer a stark contrast. While the community and social life of Kandovan has survived for nearly nine centuries, that of Goreme has ceased being a community and now functions as a tourist attraction. The uniqueness of Kandovan is acknowledged by it being registered on Iran’s National Heritage List. However, Kandovan’s status quo has become increasingly untenable in the 21st century, because of profound changes in its architectural context. Kandovan is thus losing its unique and original architectural features. Furthermore, the construction of modern facades, especially those closer to the main access road, has significantly altered Kandovan’s unique architecture. Although it is argued that Kandovan has the potential to be nominated for the UNESCO World Heritage Listing, the recent modifications and additions are problematic. This study thus aims to identify the nature and extent of these changes in order to prepare Kandovan for nomination as a World Heritage Site. Keywords: Vernacular architecture, Cone-shaped architecture, Heritage architecture, Kandovan

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Engaging the future: Init iat ives of the local community in the revival of the Vernacular Architecture in Oman Naima Benkari Sultan Qaboos University, nbenkari@squ.edu.om, n.benkari4@gmail.com, Abstract The paper analyses the very first experiences of local communities’ initiatives in the preservation and reuse of the built heritage in Oman. It discusses two initiatives made by Omani communities in traditional settlements in Oman dating back to the 17th century (Misfat Al Abryeen, Al Hamra, and Al ‘Aqor). A Multilayer methodology was used in developing the material for this research. In addition to the architectural documentation, a bibliographic based research helped to identify the historic and social profile of the settlements and their architectural characters. On-site visits and interviews with the representatives of the local residents as well as with residents and visitors, were undertaken to comprehend the mechanisms of such initiatives and their effect on the perception of the vernacular architecture in Oman. The research revealed an unsuspected richness of the investigated settlements especially from the historic and social point of view. The paper also highlights the blossoming of a local community's awareness of the value of Oman's heritage and the interest in reusing it. This investigation revealed the emergence of a renewed relationship with the vernacular heritage in Oman. Keywords: Built heritage and local community, Sustainable tourism, vernacular architecture in Oman, Vernacular heritage

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A southern Iranian vernacular method of col lecting ground water and its importance as a form of sustainable method of green architecture Kamyar Kamyab Independent, kmr.kmb@gmail.com Abstract The southern and central parts of Iran have a subtropical climate with long summers and short winters. In those areas, water has a significant place in the daily human life and it is so precious that, even small seasonal water drains are the primary sources of water during the dry seasons. People in those areas build a kind of structure against the seasonal water rain flows to save the surface water as much as possible. Rainwater flows in those structures and stays for weeks without being spoiled. So, that fresh water is used for drinking by human and animals in that harsh climate. This article focuses on this natural system of collecting seasonal water drains in those areas in Iran. Two famous places that people use this type water reservoir structures are Hormusgan and Fars provinces in South and Central South Iran. For thousands of the years’, people in those areas have been managing water drains in this structure that is called either “Berkeh or Ābanbār.” In general, this structure is a deep domed cylindrical tank. However, the pre-Islamic types have different shapes. The tank is made of stone, and a kind of lime baste mortar, called “Sarouj,” is used as the bedding mortar. The other important part is the unique masonry technique that is common in that region. I collect information about the Berkeh or Ābanbār from Bandar-e-Kong to the city of Lar through the town of Bastak. There are many Berkeh or Ābanbār in that region. Each of these structures has deferent architectural elements and the vernacular masonry techniques made them distinctive. In general, these structures have two primary forms, the oldest ones, which are known as “Guabri” that are rectangular and the few centuries old ones are mostly cylindrical. Keywords: Berkeh, Ābanbār, Sarouj, Persian vernacular architecture, water reservoir

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Factors affecting the sense of place of historical buildings, A step towards the semantic conservation and sustainabil i ty of architectural heritage Farzin Haghparast, Maziar Asefi, Elnaz Abizadeh Associate Professor of Architecture, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Associate Professor of Architecture, Tabriz Islamic Art University, PhD Candidate in Islamic Architecture, Tabriz Islamic Art University, e.abizadeh@tabriziau.ac.ir Abstract Historical buildings form a sense of identity in Iranian historical cities. They are concrete examples of how our ancestors thought in terms of architecture, and demonstrate the past culture, history, and architecture. These buildings are always identity forming due to their value- and meaning-related characteristics. However, most of the present experiences of conservation and sustainability of the architectural heritage indicate lack of attention to the semantic aspects of historical buildings, thereby destroying valuable buildings and past architectural values. Therefore, the quality and values of the architectural heritage depend on less tangible dimensions such as sense of place that is the product of humans’ semantic relationship with a place; humans’ mental and spiritual understanding of the environment affect the attachment of values to the architectural heritage while enhancing their perception of it. Unfortunately, the majority of historical buildings are currently challenged by the loss of value and meaning, and weakened sense of space which could diminish the interaction between people and the architectural heritage, lead to their dissatisfaction and, consequently, affect the survival of this heritage. The present descriptive-analytic study aims to determine the factors affecting the sense of place of historical buildings for the semantic conservation of architectural heritage using the secondary research method and, in so doing, examines the hidden values of historical buildings. Focusing on the sense of place, the conservation of architectural heritage is defined as an attempt towards the conservation of their message and meaning and providing an opportunity for their understanding through the elucidation of environmental meanings. In fact, the diminished or lost sense of place of architectural heritage is enhanced through the elucidation of meanings, acting as a good starting point for the semantic conservation and sustainability of the architectural heritage. Keywords: Architectural heritage; historical buildings; sense of place; value; semantic conservation; sustainability

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Heritage Architecture’s Parkization Model -Take the Temple of Heaven as an example Li Dongzu, Cao Peng Master graduate student, Tianjing university School of Architecture, Tianjing 300072, lidongzu@foxmail.com Associate Professor, Tianjing university School of Architecture, Tianjing 300072, Abstract The Temple of Heaven, founded in 1420, was a place where emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties worshipped their ancestors and prayed for fruitful harvest. It was turned into a park in 1918 and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. It has been well preserved for a hundred years and is consistent with the theme of sustainable development because of its Park-Model, even if it uses a large area and the floor area ratio is low. Therefore, the study was made on whether the Park-Model can be used for other heritage buildings. The relationship and organization of the Temple of Heaven’s space and traffic are analysed, through the analysis and research of the mapping drawings of it, field surveys and research on historical materials; The activities, distribution and action tracks of the citizens and visitors were combed to analyse the mutual influence, through several on-site investigations, at different times of a day and year, and interviews with the citizens and visitors. The author found that the citizens' activities attract tourists and tourists become the best audience for the public. The mutual promotion between the two will make the Temple of Heaven more energetic. For this reason, the government and public will pay more attention to care and protect the Temple of Heaven. This is not only conducive to the protection of the Temple of Heaven, but also consistent with the concept of sustainable development. It is hoped that the analysis and promotion of the Park-Model will play a role in the protection and sustainable development of the cultural heritage of the building. Keywords: The Temple of Heaven; Park-Model; Citizens; Visitors

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The necessity for recognizing the changes and the course of the formation of the architectural structure and historical context on the l imits and approaches of protective interventions (Case Study: Oshtobin Vil lage during Safavid and Qajar period) Mohammad Aminian, Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali M.A in "Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization and Phd student in Yüzüncü Yıl University, Mohammad aminian91@gmail.com, Department of Architecture, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran, fer_pa73@yahoo.com, Abstract The foothill and stair-like context of the historical village of Oshtobin is located in the northwest of Iran and in the cultural area of the Dizmar region in the East Azarbaijan Province near the Aras River. The proper geographic conditions for establishing agriculture-based economy based on gardening and the proper environment for forming sustainable human communities have created villages that have undergone evolutions of a civilized context and a sustainable feudal community over the course of hundreds of years, as civilizational evidence and various historical documents can confirm. Although these favourable conditions have contributed to the sustainability of the context of these villages, especially the village of Oshtobin, specific historical-social conditions and cultural changes have created recognizable indicators in the historical architecture and context of the region, where any encounter and protective interventions require recognition of these indicators. Considering the fact that the dominant body of the village is related to two Safavid and Qajar periods, this article is the outcome of using the results of field and comparative studies in the recognition of historical context and context differences in these periods as the basis for the protective measures and interventions of writers and their colleagues in the region. Keywords: Oshtobin, Safavid Period, Qajar period

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Project r isk management in conservation and restoration, Case study: Takh-E Soleyman World Heritage Complex Mohammad Fathi, Reza Taqavi Manager of Takht-e Soleyman world heritage complex, Deputy of cultural heitage of east azarbaijan province, mo.fathi.arc@gmail.com, Conservation and restoration supervisor in the Takht E Soleyman world heritage complex; corresponding author, pmtaqavi@gmail.com, Abstract Implementing project risk management, improve project efficiency by insuring the achievement of project goals and utilizing opportunities to increase positive effect on these goals. Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage buildings, in the face of ever-uncertain and risky future, has become a booming trend world-wide due to the emphasis on its benefits concerning architectural, economic, social, political and spiritual values. Project risk management in conservation and restoration projects has rarely been investigated by experts. This paper aims to discuss project risk management in conservation and restoration of historical buildings by applying case study and using interview, observation, documents reviewing and brain storming techniques. The results show that critical risks in this sector are: short activity season, breakdown of original materials during restoration time, limited budget, changing site management in short time, lack of basic data, unavailability of specialist, lack of pervious intervention documents. Finally in this paper risk responses strategies (avoid, exploit, transfer/share, mitigate/enhance and accept) are developed to dealing with individual project risks. Key words: Project Risk Management, Conservation, Restoration, Historical Building, Takht-e-Soleyman World Heritage Complex.

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