11Chapter 1

Properties of MatterSection 1

What is Matter?pages 4 - 9Pr

oper

ties

of M

atte

rPr

oper

ties

of M

atte

r

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.The amount of space taken up or occupied by an object is known as its volume.Objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time.

MatterHey! Did you hear what I just said?Objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time!

Lake Erie the smallest of the Great Lakes, has a volume of about 483 trillion (483,000,000,000,000) liters of water. That’s 241 trillion 2 liter soda bottles.A can of soda has a volume of about 355 milliliters.Liters and milliliters are the units used most often to express the volume of liquids.

Liquid Volume

The surface of a liquid in any container is curved.The curve at the surface of a liquid is called a meniscus.To measure the volume of most liquids you must look at the bottom of the meniscus.

Measuring the Volume of Liquids

The volume of any solid unit is expressed in cubic units.Cubic means having three dimensions.To find the volume of a cube or rectangular object, multiply the length, width, and height of the object.volume = length x width x height

Volume of Objects

With a multisided object you can not use L x W x H to find the volume.But you can measure the volume of water the object displaces.The water it displaces is equal to the volume of the object.

Volume of Objects

Mass is the amount of matter in an object.The mass of an object is the same no matter where in the universe the object is located.The terms mass and weight are often used as if they mean the same thing. They don’t.The difference Between Mass and WeightWeight is the measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.Gravity stops objects on Earth from floating away.

Matter & Mass

The difference Between Mass and Weight

The sponge and brick have the same volume, but the brick has greater mass. A greater gravitational force is exerted on the brick.Weight is a measure of gravitational force.

Measuring Mass & Weight

Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.So, an object at rest will remain at rest until something causes the object to move.A moving object will keep moving at the same speed and the same direction unless something acts on the object to change its speed or direction.

Inertia

Mass is a measure of inertia.An object that has a large mass is harder to get moving and harder to stop.The reason? The object with large mass has greater inertia.Just remember, hard to start hard to stop.

Mass Measures Inertia

11Chapter 1

Properties of MatterSection 2

Physical Propertiespages 10 - 15Pr

oper

ties

of M

atte

rPr

oper

ties

of M

atte

r

A physical property of matter can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity.Other physical properties, such as magnetism, which is the ability to conduct electric current; strength and flexibility can help someone identify how to use a substance.

Physical Properties

Physical Properties

Examples of Physical Properties

Density is a physical property that describes the relationship between mass and volume.Density is the amount of matter in a given space or volume or how closely together particles are packed.The more mass in a given space or volume, the greater the density.

Density

What causes the the liquid in the picture to look the way it does?The liquids are of different densities.The most dense is on the bottom. The least dense on the top.

Liquid Layers

The cotton balls and the tomatoes have the same mass, but the cotton is much less denseKnowing the density of a substance will tell you if the substance will float or sink in water.Solving for DensityD = M

Density of Solids

V

A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.Silver pounded into a pendant is still silver.Freezing water and sanding a piece of wood are physical changes. The water is still water. The sawdust is still wood.Even if you dissolve sugar in water, the sugar is still there.It looks like the sugar is gone, but when the water evaporates, you will see the sugar is still there.

Physical Changes do not form New Substances

Physical Changes do not form New Substances

Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter involved.A stick of butter can be melted and poured over popcorn, but it is still butter.If you make a figure out of a lump of clay, it is still clay.

Matter & Physical Change