china women entrepreneurship: a survey

8/2/2019 China Women Entrepreneurship: A Survey

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Prof. Shi Qingqi

China Federation of IT Protection, Committee onGreen Economy and Informationization

Liu Manhong, Mannie

Professor, Renmin University

Feb. 27, 2012, Manila

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian

Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy ofthe data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper donot imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.


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Women Entrepreneurship in China

Brief History

China women entrepreneurs emerged during1980s, right after Chinas economic reformstarted in 1979

They accounted less than 10% during 1980s China government established Socialist Market

Economy as its basic economic developmentmodel in 1995, allowed private enterprises

legally participate in the market, Chinas womenentrepreneur started booming Increased to about 20% in 2000 Now increased to about 25%


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Chinas Women Entrepreneur Definition

We do not have particular definition for women

entrepreneurWe believe an entrepreneur who is a woman can be

called : woman entrepreneur

We use CWEr to represent China Women

EntrepreneursWe use CWEs to represent China Womens enterprises


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Chinas Women Enterprise

definition

Chinas women enterprise is defined as:

a company owned by a womanentrepreneur

In our 2011 survey: 74% of all womenentrepreneurs own more than 51% of

their enterprises. But we do notexclude those less than 51% ownershipfrom women enterprise


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CAWE: China Association of

Women Entrepreneurs CAWE: established in 1985

The only legitimate national women entrepreneurs

organization registered with the PRC Ministry of Civil Affairs as a

non-business legal person

Has 69 sub associations from provinces; cities;

counties and other regions Members and associated members are close to 10,000


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CAWE: global perspective The CAWE regularly convenes the International

Forum for Outstanding Women Business Leaders andcommend Outstanding Women Entrepreneurs andOutstanding Women in Business Creation,

organize delegations to attend meetings of the UNCommission on Sustainable Development, the UN

NGO Annual Conference, the meeting of the UNCommission on the Status of Women and the GlobalSummit of Women.


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China Association of Women

Entrepreneurs The Organization:

CAWE

ElectricityElectricity

ElectricityElectricity

ElectricityElectricityElectricity

ElectricityMemberAssociations

Individualmembers


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Characteristics of China Women

Enterprises: a Recent Survey China Association of Woman Entrepreneurs did

some survey on Chinas entrepreneurs Next we would like to report some of the founding

from the recent two surveys: Survey 2009: Sample size 500 survey 2011: Sample size 452

Note: We would like to do more comparison

between male and female entrepreneurs,unfortunately, in 2001 survey, we did not collect maleentrepreneurs data; we did some comparison basedon 2009 data


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CWEs: TrendChina Womens Enterprises are

continuously increasing

China Womens enterprises accounted for20% by the beginning of the century

Now increased to about 25%, and

continuously rising


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CWEs: increasing in sizes,2011

yr 2000

yr 2006

yr 2009

yr 2011

21%

36.50%

36.00%

36.50%

13%

13.60%

13%

20%

CWEs: Sales

10 to 100 m.RMB above 100 m RMB


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China Women Entrepreneurs:

Education Level: 2011

16%

31%

36%

17%

20%

35%

38%

7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

High School Junior College Bachelor Master or Above

2011 2009


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China Women Entrepreneurs

20%

35%

38%

7%

45%

Education Level, 2009


6% higherThan Thatof men


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China Women Entrepreneurs

16%

31%

36%

17%

53%

Education Level , 2011


Higher thanThat of 2009Especially for

Master degreeOr above


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Educational Level: Male/Female

Entrepreneurs Comparison: 2009 data


21%

40%

35%

4%

20%

35%

38%

7%

male female


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CWEr: Age Distribution: 2011

3%

34%

45%

18%

2%

30%

46%

22%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

50

2011 2009


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CWEr: become younger

3%

34%

45%

18%

2011

50

2000, 28% (red)53% (yellow)

2%

30%

46%

22%

2009

50


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Sources of (technological and

economic) Information for CWEr78%

63% 61%

48%45%

39%

67%

55%

48% 47%

39%

49%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Internet Television Newspaper IndustryAssociaton

Exhibition TechnicalAgency

2011 2009


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CWEs: Export Proportion

57%

25%18%

52%

28%

20%

70%

2011 2009


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CWEs: Export Destinations

2011

20090%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

North AmericaEurope

South East AsiaJapan & Korea

57%54%

51%

35%

57% 62%

38%

29%

2011 2009

china women entrepreneurship: a survey

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