China Under Reform 1978--• Deng Xiaoping• Vol. 1• Vol. 2• Vol. 3

Reforms• Massive economic reform – capitalism• End to Chinese isolation• No challenges to CPC rule• But, consensus decision making in CPC

Impact

• From World Resources Institute: http://earthtrends.wri.org/updates/node/213

Implications

• Economic Growth and Economic Freedoms

• Chinese integration into world• Chinese power

Four Modernizations• Agriculture• Industry• Defense• Science and Technology

Special Economic Zones

China in the World Economy

Foreign Exportsinvestment to the in China world

SEZ

Shenzhen

Guangzhou

Shanghai

Greater Chinese Economy

Greater Chinese Economy

Ideology• Marxism• Leninism• Mao Zedong Thought• Deng Xiaoping Theory

– 1992 Speech

Four Cardinal Principles1. to keep to the socialist road2. to uphold the people's democratic

dictatorship3. leadership by the Communist Party4. Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong

Thought

Why Did the Reforms Begin?• Impact of Cultural Revolution• Failure of Mao’s Economy• Lessons of Japan and Four Tigers• Death of Mao

Political Reform?• Democracy Wall 1978-79• Fall 1986 • Tiananmen Square 1989

Factional Battle 1980sDeng Xiaoping (priority on consensus)

Hu Yaobang Vs. Chen YunZhao Ziyang Li Peng

Speed up slower economiceconomic reforms; reforms;Limited political reform no political reform

Democracy Wall 12/78-12/79

Xidan Street

Wei Jingsheng• “The Fifth Modernization”• Wei Jingsheng Foundation• Wei’s Essays

On Trial 1979 After release (1993)

Fall 1986

General Secretary Hu Yaobang

Tiananmen Square April 16-June 4, 1989

• Wang Dan, 1989(released from prison, 1998)

Zhao Ziyang vs. Li PengZhao warning students

June 4

Results• Zhao Ziyang• Jiang Zemin• Economic reform slowed 1989-1992

• But 1992:Deng’s tour of South

– 1992 Speech

The CPC Message?• There are limits to freedom in China• Asking for political freedoms may

jeopardize economic freedoms• Goal: politically agnostic capitalists