Unit: AsiaUnit: AsiaTopic: Deng XiaopingTopic: Deng Xiaoping

1. Goodbye, Mao!1. Goodbye, Mao!A.A. Mao died in Mao died in

1976; by 1981, 1976; by 1981, Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping had taken had taken control of China.control of China.

B.B. His leadership His leadership brought more brought more economic economic freedom, but freedom, but little political little political change.change.

2. The Four Modernizations2. The Four ModernizationsA.A. This emphasized This emphasized

farming, farming, industry, industry, science, and science, and defense.defense.

B.B. FarmingFarming – –peasant families peasant families were allotted were allotted farms and could farms and could sell some crops, sell some crops, but the gov’t but the gov’t took a share, took a share, too.too.

C.C. IndustryIndustry – – Chinese were Chinese were allowed to set up allowed to set up their own their own businesses, run by businesses, run by managers who managers who were given more were given more freedom; foreign freedom; foreign capital and capital and technology were technology were welcome.welcome.

A.A. Reform brought a Reform brought a better standard of better standard of living – Chinese living – Chinese were buying TVs, were buying TVs, fridges, and motor fridges, and motor scooters!scooters!

3. Results of Modernization3. Results of Modernization

B.B. But corruption and crime grew, too – But corruption and crime grew, too – inequalities increased as a wealthy class inequalities increased as a wealthy class emerged.emerged.

C.C. By the late By the late 1980s, some 1980s, some Chinese were Chinese were demanding demanding greater greater political political freedom – the freedom – the fall of fall of Communism in Communism in Europe was Europe was beginning to beginning to affect China.affect China.

4. Tiananmen Square Massacre4. Tiananmen Square MassacreA.A. In May 1989, In May 1989,

there were there were demonstrators in demonstrators in Beijing, Beijing, demanding more demanding more rights and rights and freedom. freedom.

B.B. When they refused to disperse, the gov’t When they refused to disperse, the gov’t sent in troops and tanks.sent in troops and tanks.

C.C. Thousands were killed, wounded, or Thousands were killed, wounded, or arrested.arrested.

D.D. This crackdown showed that communism This crackdown showed that communism in China would not change.in China would not change.