china education report (2005)

8/3/2019 China Education Report (2005)

1/19

Ge{`cgeb Lhg{hy cg Hkxle{`cg egk {nh Hlcgcjp" 9114

Ln`ge? E \{xkp `g Qeyekc~h|

E Qyhb`j`geyp Yhqcy{

Jeym [xlmhy

Ge{`cgeb Lhg{hy cg Hkxle{`cg egk {nh Hlcgcjp

9118


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Ge{`cgeb Lhg{hy cg Hkxle{`cg egk {nh Hlcgcjp" 9118 9

Ln`ge? E \{xkp `g Qeyekc~h|5E Qyhb`j`geyp Yhqcy{

Phey| efc" vnhg Khgf ^ècq`gf {ccm {nh yh`g| cd qcvhy `g Ln`ge" nh lcglbxkhk

{ne{ {nhyh vcxbk qycieibp gc{ ih e ghv vcybk vey egk |c khl`khk {ne{ {nh

lcxg{yp| bhekhy|n`q lcxbk |edhbp jemh hlcgcj`l fycv{n {nh`y qy`jeyp fceb'

Khgf {nhg ex{ncy`zhk |cjh h~qhy`jhg{| `g Fxegfkcgf Qyct`glh {ne{ qycthk {c

ih {nh hg{hy`gf vhkfh cd {nh `g{yckxl{`cg cd {nh jeymh{ hlcgcjp `g {ne{ lcxg{yp"

vn`ln cd lcxy|h bhk k`yhl{bp {c Ln`ge| h~qbc|`th hlcgcj`l fycv{n'

@g yhlhg{ phey|" cxy ix|`gh|| qyh|| ne| ihhg gheybp ci|h||hk v`{n {nh kyeje{`l

y`|h cd Ln`ge" e ge{xyeb lcg|huxhglh cd {nh |{hekp {yeg|dhy cd Ejhy`leg

jegxdel{xy`gf oci| {c {ne{ lcxg{yp" {nh xgqyhlhkhg{hk egk fycv`gf {yekh

`jiebeglh v`{n Ln`ge egk {nh `glyhe|`gf Ejhy`leg khi{ nhbk ip {nh Ln`gh|h'

@g {nh heybp phey| cd Ln`ge| y`|h" jegp qhcqbh e||xjhk {ne{" vnhg hthyp{n`gf

ve| |cy{hk cx{" Ln`ge vcxbk hgk xq ih`gf {nh vcybk| del{cyp dcy bcv tebxh

ekkhk qyckxl{|" ix{ {nh Vh|{ vcxbk lcg{`gxh {c qyckxlh {nh n`fn tebxh ekkhk

qyckxl{| egk |hyt`lh| {ne{ |x|{e`g n`fn hjqbcpjhg{" n`fn vefh hlcgcj`h|'

Cthy {nh be|{ phey cy {vc" ncvhthy" vh neth nheyk cd jcyh egk jcyhjxb{`ge{`cgeb d`yj| {yeg|dhyy`gf {nh`y Y$K cqhye{`cg| {c Ln`ge" egk `g {nh be|{

dhv jcg{n|" {ne{ fèg{ |hj`lcgkxl{cy deiy`le{`cg qbeg{| egk neyk k`|m

jegxdel{xy`gf qbeg{| eyh ih`gf bcle{hk {nhyh'

5 [n`| `| e qyhb`j`geyp yhqcy{ cd d`hbk yh|heyln kcgh `g Ln`ge `g Cl{cihy 9118 e|qey{ cd eg `g{hyge{`cgeb lcjqeye{`th |{xkp lcgkxl{hk ip {nh Ge{`cgeb Lhg{hy cgHkxle{`cg egk {nh Hlcgcjp' [nh {hej `glbxkhk Oxkp Lckk`gf" Jeym [ycqqh"Ieyieye Y`teyk egk {nh ex{ncy dcy GLHH= Ihg T`lmhyp" cd {nh Ge{`cgeb @g|{`{x{h

dcy \{egkeyk| egk [hlngcbcfp egk Pcgf _nec" K`|{`gfx`|nhk Qycdh||cy e{J`ln`feg \{e{h Xg`thy|`{p' [n`| yh|heyln ve| |xqqcy{hk ip {nh Nhvbh{{Dcxgke{`cg" [nh I`bb egk Jhb`gke Fe{h| Dcxgke{`cg" {nh Egg`h H' Le|hpDcxgke{`cg egk {nh Ge{`cgeb Lhg{hy cg Hkxle{`cg egk {nh Hlcgcjp' [n`| qeqhyeb|c kyev| cg je{hyèb fe{nhyhk ip Jeyl [xlmhy egk Oxkp Lckk`gf kxy`gf egxjihy cd heyb`hy {y`q| {c Ln`ge" {vc cd vn`ln vhyh |qcg|cyhk ip {nh E|è\cl`h{p egk {nh Ln`gh|h J`g`|{yp cd Hkxle{`cg'


3/19

Ge{`cgeb Lhg{hy cg Hkxle{`cg egk {nh Hlcgcjp" 9118 " vnhg {nh lxb{xyeb yhtcbx{`cg ve| cthy" xg`thy|`{p

delxb{p |bcvbp yh{xyghk dycj {nh lcxg{yp|`kh {c yhlbe`j {nh`y lejqx|h| egk

|{ey{hk {c yhix`bk {nh`y |ne{{hyhk `g|{`{x{`cg|' Hthg e| yhlhg{bp e| 500


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qyhhj`ghg{bp `g {nh Xg`{hk \{e{h|' Egk" ox|{ e| Khgf ncqhk" {nhp iycxfn{ ielm

Vh|{hyg `khe| vnhg {nhp yh{xyghk' @{ `| eyfxeibp {nh le|h {ne{ cgh cd Ln`ge|

i`ffh|{ egk jc|{ `jqcy{eg{ hkxle{`cgeb yhtcbx{`cg| {ccm qbelh y`fn{ nhyh `g {nh

Xg`{hk \{e{h|'

Be{hy" e| Khgf dcxgk {nh jcghp {c `gth|{ `g {nh khthbcqjhg{ cd n`fnhy

hkxle{`cg `g Ln`ge" nh hjieymhk cg ycxgk {vc cd n`| qycfyej cd `g{hbbhl{xeb

{yeg|dhy= nh `g|`|{hk {ne{ Ln`gh|h xg`thy|`{`h| h|{eib`|n xg`{| `g {nh cdd`lh cd {nh

qyh|`khg{ cd {nc|h xg`thy|`{`h| v`{n {nh h~qyh|| qxyqc|h cd dc|{hy`gf |hy`cx|" bcgf

{hyj| h~lnegfh| egk qey{ghy|n`q| v`{n jeocy Vh|{hyg xg`thy|`{`h|' [n`| ve| e

ge{xyeb h~{hg|`cg cd n`| `g`{`eb |{ye{hfp {c oxjq |{ey{ {nh Ln`gh|h hkxle{`cg

|p|{hj ip k`yhl{bp ellh||`gf {nh ih|{ `g{hbbhl{xeb yh|cxylh| `g {nh Vh|{'

@g {`jh" Khgf |h{ e fceb cd ix`bk`gf 511 yh|heyln xg`thy|`{`h| `g Ln`ge" heln cd

vn`ln vcxbk neth e{ bhe|{ cgh khqey{jhg{ cy k`|l`qb`gh yhfeykhk e| vcybk lbe||'

Be{hy" n`| qyc{f" O`egf _hj`g" h|{eib`|nhk {nh fceb cd net`gf e |jebbhy gxjihy

.gcv


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[ne{ `|" cd lcxy|h" ox|{ qbe`g h~{yecyk`geyp dcy e thyp qccy lcxg{yp' [nhyh eyh {vc

yhe|cg| dcy `{' [nh d`y|{ yhe|cg `| {nh thyp `g{hg|h qyh||xyh cg Ln`gh|h ln`bkyhg {c

kc vhbb `g je{nhje{`l| .e |xiohl{ {c vn`ln @ v`bb yh{xyg `g e jcjhg{)' [nh

|hlcgk `| {nh n`fn uxeb`{p cd je{nhje{`l| {heln`gf `g {nh`y |lnccb|' [nh uxeb`{p

cd je{nhje{`l| {heln`gf `g Ln`ge `| gc{ ghv|' O`j \{`fbhy" Neycbk \{hthg|cg egk

B`q`gf Je neth vy`{{hg hbcuxhg{bp cg {n`| |xiohl{ cthy {nh be|{ |hthyeb phey|'

[nh h||hglh cd {nh |{cyp ne| {c kc v`{n {nh nhetp hjqne|`| cg heybp egk

lcg{`gxeb je|{hyp cd {nh mhp lcglhq{xeb dcxgke{`cg| cd je{nhje{`l|' @g e

gx{|nhbb" {nh Ln`gh|h hgk xq xgkhy|{egk`gf ncv egk vnp {nh je{nhje{`l|

vcym| vn`bh cxy |{xkhg{| eyh bheyg`gf {c kc {nh cqhye{`cg| v`{n b`{{bh

xgkhy|{egk`gf'

[nh qey{ cd {nh |{cyp {ne{ ne| gc{ ihhg v`khbp yhqcy{hk ne| {c kc v`{n {nh

h~{yecyk`geyp qyh||xyh {ne{ Ln`gh|h |{xkhg{| eyh xgkhy {c bheyg je{nhje{`l|'

[n`| |{cyp el{xebbp ihf`g| g {nh Ln`gh|h xg`thy|`{`h|' [nh|h xg`thy|`{`h| eyh

d`ghbp fyekhk ip |{e{x| ip {nh Ln`gh|h J`g`|{yp cd Hkxle{`cg' Hthyp phey"

|{xkhg{| `g Ln`gh|h n`fn |lnccb| vnc veg{ {c fc {c xg`thy|`{p {emh {nh hg{yeglh

h~ej`ge{`cg| f`thg ip {nh lhg{yeb fcthygjhg{ egk {nh qyct`glh|' Ebb |{xkhg{|

jx|{ {emh h~ej| `g Ln`gh|h" Hgfb`|n egk je{nhje{`l|' [nh |lcyh cg {nhje{nhje{`l| qey{ cd {nh xg`thy|`{p hg{yeglh h~ej lcxg{| dcy gc{ bh|| {nhg 98( cd

{nh {c{eb |lcyh" vnh{nhy {ne{ |{xkhg{| veg{| {c |{xkp hgf`ghhy`gf cy jx|`l' Heln

xg`thy|`{p `| ebbcle{hk e lhy{e`g gxjihy cd |bc{| ip {nh J`g`|{yp cd Hkxle{`cg'

[nh legk`ke{h| eyh |cy{hk ip {nh`y |lcyh| cg {nh h~ej|' [nx| {nh |{xkhg{| v`{n

{nh n`fnh|{ |lcyh| eyh ebbcle{hk {c {nh xg`thy|`{`h| e{ {nh {cq cd {nh |{e{x|

n`hyeylnp egk {nhg v`{n`g {nh xg`thy|`{p ip {nh |{e{x| cd {nh khqey{jhg{ v`{n`g

{nh xg`thy|`{p .|c Qhm`gf Xg`thy|`{p fh{| n`fnhy |lcy`gf eqqb`leg{| {neg ebjc|{

ebb c{nhy xg`thy|`{`h| egk {nh |lnccb cd hgf`ghhy`gf fh{| n`fnhy |lcy`gf |{xkhg{|{neg {nh |lnccb cd jegefhjhg{')'

\c" tc`be% Qhydcyjeglh cg {nh je{nhje{`l| h~ej {xyg| cx{ {c ih cgh cd {nh jc|{

`jqcy{eg{ del{cy| `g kh{hyj`g`gf e |{xkhg{| dx{xyh" `yyh|qhl{`th cd vne{ {ne{

|{xkhg{ j`fn{ veg{ {c kc `g b`dh' Cgbp {nh |lcyh cg {nh h~ej je{{hy|' \{xkhg{|


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Ebb {nycxfn cxy jc|{ yhlhg{ t`|`{ {c Ln`ge egk ed{hy" cxy {hej dxy`cx|bp khie{hk

vnh{nhy {nh fbe|| ve| nebd hjq{p cy nebd dxbb vnh{nhy {nh qycibhj| vh |ev

vcxbk qyhthg{ Ln`ge dycj y`|`gf {c {nh hlcgcj`l dycg{ yegm ejcgf ge{`cg| cy

vnh{nhy Ln`ge ve| b`mhbp {c cthylcjh {nc|h qycibhj| {c kc h~el{bp {ne{'

[nh qycfyh||`th hkxle{cy| ejcgf x| vhyh thyp qx{ cdd ip {nh `g{hg|h eg~`h{p

ejcgf {nh thyp beyfh dyel{`cg cd {nh |hlcgkeyp |lnccb |{xkhg{| vnc b`thk `g

ke`bp dhey cd |nej`gf {nh`y qeyhg{| ip qccy qhydcyjeglh cg {nh h~ej|" {nh

khdbe{hk e{{`{xkh| cd {nh |{xkhg{| `g {nh cyk`geyp |hlcgkeyp |lnccb| vnc nek

f`thg xq ihlex|h {nhp nek gc{ jegefhk {c fh{ `g{c e |hlcgkeyp |lnccb {ne{ lcxbk

fh{ {nh`y |{xkhg{| `g{c xg`thy|`{p" {nh lyx|n`gf `ghux`{`h| cd e |p|{hj `g vn`ln

vheb{np mhp |lnccb| h~`|{hk b`{hyebbp y`fn{ elyc|| {nh |{yhh{ dycj `jqcthy`|nhk

cyk`geyp |lnccb| e{ {nh |ejh bhthb" {nh eqqebb`gf xgde`ygh|| cd {nh |p|{hj {ne{

qyhthg{| {nh ln`bkyhg cd j`fyeg{ vcymhy| dycj fe`g`gf ellh|| {c {nh qxib`l

|lnccb|" {nh yejqeg{ lcyyxq{`cg cd |p|{hj `g vn`ln qbelh| `g fcck |lnccb| vhyh

|cbk {c {nh vheb{np qeyhg{| vnc lcxbk eddcyk {nhj" egk {nh belm cd egp{n`gf

eqqyceln`gf yheb elekhj`l dyhhkcj `g {nh xg`thy|`{`h|" {c |ep gc{n`gf cd

hgf`ghhy| {ye`ghk {c cqhye{h leykiceyk lx{cx{ jckhb| cd {nh hux`qjhg{ {nhp

vhyh |xqqc|hk {c ih eibh {c cqhye{h" xg`thy|`{p n`y`gf khl`|`cg| ih`gf ycx{`ghbp

jekh ip qcb`{`leb cqhye{`th|" egk |p|{hje{`l xgkhy`gth|{jhg{ ip {nh ex{ncy`{`h|`g {nh hkxle{`cg |p|{hj e| e vncbh'

Ix{" e{ {nh |ejh {`jh" vh nek {c elmgcvbhkfh {ne{ e|{cxgk`gf ekteglh| nek

ihhg jekh `g e thyp |ncy{ {`jh `g |lnccb e{{hgkeglh ye{h| egk ekxb{ b`{hyelp"

xg`thy|`{`h| egk yh|heyln qeym| vhyh ih`gf lcg|{yxl{hk egk qx{ `g cqhye{`cg e{

k`zzp`gf ye{h| cg eg hgcyjcx| |lebh" je{nhje{`l| eln`hthjhg{ ve| yhjeymeibh

egk {nh qyckxl{`cg cd hgf`ghhy| dey cx{|{y`qqhk {nh ye{h `g {nh Xg`{hk \{e{h|'

@{ `| ebb {cc he|p {c ih |jxf vnhg t`hv`gf Ln`ge dycj e Vh|{hyg qhy|qhl{`th'

Ix{ Ln`ge ne| e vep cd ncbk`gf xq {nh j`yycy {c cxy cvg lcxg{yp' Vn`ln cd x|

vcxbk qycdh|| {c ih |nclmhk vnhg {cbk {ne{ |lnccb k`|{y`l{ qepycbb| `g {n`|

lcxg{yp eyh cd{hg |{xddhk v`{n `glcjqh{hg{| vnc ox|{ neqqhg {c ih yhbe{`th| cy

|xqqcy{hy| cd qhcqbh cg {nh |lnccb iceyk3 Cy {ne{ thyp vheb{np .c|{hg|`ibp


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qxib`l) |lnccb| ellh||`ibh cgbp {c {nh ln`bkyhg cd {nh thyp vheb{np dej`b`h| {ne{

leg eddcyk {c b`th `g {nc|h lcjjxg`{`h| h~`|{ cgbp e dhv j`bh| dycj thyp qccybp

hux`qqhk egk |{eddhk |lnccb| |hyt`gf cgbp {nh thyp qccy3 Cy {ne{ jegp |{xkhg{|

`g cxy |p|{hj vnc|h qeyhg{| h~qhl{ {nhj {c e{{hgk {nh ih|{ qy`te{h xg`thy|`{`h|

`g {nh begk eyh ky`thg ip {nh |ejh eg~`h{`h| {ne{ ky`th {nh ih|{ Ln`gh|h |{xkhg{|3

Vnc `| {c |ep vn`ln `| vcy|h e |p|{hj {ne{ h~qhl{| thyp b`{{bh cd jc|{ |{xkhg{|

egk |c qx{| thyp b`{{bh qyh||xyh cg {nhj cy e |p|{hj {ne{ h~qhl{| jxln egk qx{|

jxln jcyh qyh||xyh cg {nhj3

Jc|{ cd {nh qycibhj| vh |ev `g {nh Ln`gh|h hkxle{`cg |p|{hj eyh qycibhj| {ne{

{nh J`g`|{yp ne| elmgcvbhkfhk egk `| {yp`gf {c |cbth' [nhp veg{ {nh`y |{xkhg{|

{c ih jcyh `gkhqhgkhg{" {c ih eibh {c eqqbp vne{ {nhp neth bheyghk {c yheb vcybk

qycibhj|" {c ih jcyh lyhe{`th' [nhp veg{ {c qx{ eg hgk {c yc{h bheyg`gf egk

qycjc{h qycibhj |cbt`gf egk ly`{`leb {n`gm`gf' [nhp eyh thyp vcyy`hk eicx{ {nh

`ghux`{`h| `g {nh`y |p|{hj" qey{`lxbeybp dcy {nh yxyeb |lnccb| `g {nh `g{hy`cy egk {nh

ln`bkyhg cd {nh j`fyeg{ vcymhy| `g {nh lce|{eb l`{`h|" egk eyh {yp`gf {c yhk`yhl{

yh|cxylh| {c ekkyh|| {nhj' [nhp veg{ {c ix`bk e jcyh hddhl{`th tcle{`cgeb

hkxle{`cg |p|{hj' Egk {nhp veg{ {c hb`j`ge{h {nh khdel{c |p|{hj cd detcyhk

hb`{h qy`jeyp egk bcvhy |hlcgkeyp |lnccb|'

[nh|h eyh ebb kexg{`gf lnebbhgfh|' Ix{" f`thg {nh Ln`gh|h yhlcyk cd |xllh|| cthy

{nh be|{ {nyhh khlekh|" cgh vcxbk ih dccb`|n {c ih{ efe`g|{ {nhj' [nh jc|{

|hy`cx| `||xh|" {ncxfn" eyh gc{ cg {n`| b`|{' [nhp neth {c kc v`{n {nh khhqbp

ycc{hk ge{xyh cd {nh ex{ncy`{ey`eg |p|{hj `g Ln`ge" iy`hdbp k`|lx||hk eicth' @{ `|

qyhl`|hbp {ne{ n`fn yhfeyk dcy ex{ncy`{p {ne{ ne| hgeibhk Ln`ge {c jemh |xln

|{y`m`gf qycfyh|| cg |xln eg hgcyjcx| |lebh' Ix{ `{ `| {ne{ thyp |h{ cd tebxh| egk

`{| `gdbxhglh cg `gk`t`kxeb ihnet`cy {ne{ jep lcg|{`{x{h Ln`ge| fyhe{h|{ ci|{elbh

{c |xllh|| `g {nh phey| enhek'

Vne{hthy neqqhg|" {nhyh `| ebyhekp jxln {ne{ vh leg bheyg dycj {n`| kpgej`l

lcxg{yp' Gc{ {nh bhe|{ cd {ne{ bheyg`gf lcjh| dycj {nh b`fn{ {ne{ Ln`ge |n`gh| cg

{nh lnc`lh| {ne{ vh neth jekh `g cxy cvg hlcgcjp egk cxy cvg hkxle{`cg

|p|{hj'

china education report (2005)

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