characteristics of science in the media 2015
TRANSCRIPT
CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE IN THE ISRAELI
MEDIAYAEL BAREL AND AYELET BARAM-TSABARI
SAMUEL NEAMAN INSTITUTE AND DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - TECHNION
RATIONAL
• THE MASS MEDIA IS THE PUBLICS’ MAIN SOURCE OF INFORMATION REGARDING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Faniell and Smith, 2014
Rate of source reliability
% that use the source very often
6.60 60% Internet news sites
6.53 55% TV6.63 49% Friend and
colleagues in your
surroundings
5.77 48% Newspapers6.21 46% Radio7.54 35% Books
PREVIOUS RESEARCH ABOUT SCIENCE COVERAGE
Hansen & Dickinson, 1992
• MORE THEN 200 STUDIES WERE DONE• ONE MEDIUM• SPECIFIC RESEARCH FIELD• VERY PARTIAL AND OUTDATED
INFORMATION ABOUT ISRAEL
Badenschier & Wormer 2012Mellor et. al, 2011
Target audienc
e
RESEARCH QUESTIONS1. WHAT IS THE EXTENT TO WHICH SCIENCE IS COVERED IN
THE ISRAELI HEBREW-SPEAKING NEWS MEDIA?
2. IN WHAT WAYS IS SCIENCE PRESENTED TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE MEDIA?
3. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE, IF SUCH EXISTS, IN THE COVERAGE OF DIFFERENT SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES?
4. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES, IF SUCH EXIST, IN THE COVERAGE OF SCIENCE BY DIFFERENT SOURCES IN THE PRINTED, BROADCASTED AND ONLINE MASS MEDIA?
WHAT COUNTS AS A SCIENTIFIC ITEM?
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
(Mellor, 2011 ; Bucchi, 2003 ; Pellechia, 1997 ; Elmer, 2008)
(Bauer, 1995; Hijmans, 2003 ; Göpfert, 1996; Hansen, 1992; Albaek, 2003 ; Evans, 1990(
STEM
+Archeology
Life science Chemistry
Medicine Computer science
Physics
METHODOLOGY• MANUALLY SCANNING 15 DIFFERENT MEDIA SOURCES WITH A
TOTAL OF 20 PROGRAMS
• 1064 ITEMS WERE COLLECTED OVER A PERIOD OF 183 DAYS (OCTOBER 2013 - APRIL 2014)
• HIGH INTER CODER RELIABILITY AFTER DISCUSSIONS AND TRAINING (COLLECTION – К=0.73, CATALOGING 91.5% AND 88% INTERRATER RELIABILITY OF THE DATA ANALYSIS)
RESEARCH PROCESSCollecting data
Oct. 2013 – March 2014
Cataloging (n=1064)
Qualitative analysis (n=197)
Quantitative analysis
FINDINGSScience coverage in the Israeli media
About 1.8%
NewspapersHaarert
zGlobsCalcalistYediot
Aharonot
Israel Hayom
Internet
Walla!
Television
Channel 1Channel 23
Channel 2 Channel 10
RadioReshet betNon-stop
radio
THE INFLUENCE OF DESIGNATED SCIENCE REPORTERS• NUMBER OF ITEMS (NORMALIZED BY NUMBER OF
PROGRAMS)
• FIELDS OF COVERAGE
n=242
Source Health Video
Local news
World news
Technology green n\a Science
Daly new
sTotal in source
Nrg 2 3 4 1 3 94 1 108
Ynet 55 2 12 4 2 1 6 82
Walla! 5 2 2 15 1 27 52
Total number of scientific items 62 2 7 31 5 2 4 127 1 242
Has a science reporter No science reporter38 Public radio broadcast (Reshet
Bet)9 Commercial radio broadcast
(Non-stop radio)37 Commercial TV channels (2,
10)14 Public TV channels (1, 23)
95 Internet sites related to a newspaper
52 Independent internet news site (Walla!)
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIELDS IN THE NEWS
n=1064Life science
MedicinePhysics
Computer
scienceOtherArchaeolog
yEarth
scienceChemistry
Engineering
Technology
Mathematics
COMPARISON BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC AND MEDIA PUBLISHING OF ISRAELI RESEARCH
BY FIELDS
*Getz et. Al, 2013
n=396
Life science
MedicinePhysicsChemistryEngineering % of items in the
database% of scientific publications in 2007-2011
INFORMATION SOURCES OF SCIENTIFIC ITEMS
n=197
NEWS WORTHINESS – WHY IS THIS NEWS?
n=197
)Galtung & Ruge, 1965; Harcup & O’Neill, 2001(
A scientific item in the Israeli media will most likely be...
• IN THE FIELDS OF MEDICINE OR LIFE SCIENCE (61%)
• PRESENTED IN A POSITIVE TONE
• RELAYING ON PROFESSIONAL SOURCE A SCIENTIST (33%), USUALLY MALE (79%) OR A SCIENTIFIC MANUSCRIPT (22%)
• WRITTEN BY A SCIENCE JOURNALIST, IF ONE EXISTS
• PUBLISHED IN PRINT MEDIA (41%)
• PUBLISHED IN LOCAL NEWS SECTION (26%)
• PORTRAYING AN ISRAELI OR AMERICAN RESEARCH
• DESCRIBING BASIC RESEARCH (55%)
• COVER NEW RESEARCH (44%)
FREQUENCY OF SCIENCE COVERAGE VS. EXPOSURE (BY RATINGS)
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%
33%28%
23%
8% 8%5.4% 4.2%
9.3%
34.5%39.8%
שכיחות אייטמים מדעיים
חשיפה ) רייטינג) *
*by TGI 2014 survey n=440
Frequency of
scientific items
Rating
Thank you for
The status of science in the Israeli media report in collaboration with Samuel
Neaman institute, 2015