characteristics of life - streetsboroschools.com · hypothesis input from various sources is used...

Scientific Method

Fig. 1.12-1

Observation

New observations

are made, and previous

data are studied.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

• Always comes first!!! • Based on senses

Fig. 1.12-2

Observation

New observations


data are studied.

Hypothesis

An educated guess

that can be tested.


A Prediction

Using your senses

Fig. 1.12-3 Observation

New observations


data are studied.

Hypothesis

Input from various sources

is used to formulate a

testable statement.

Experiment/Observations

The hypothesis is

tested by experiment

or further observations.


Courtesy Leica Microsystems Inc.

Observation

New observations


data are studied.

Hypothesis



testable statement.

Analysis/Conclusion

The results are analyzed,

and the hypothesis is

supported or rejected.


The hypothesis is





Fig. 1.12-4

Repeat! Repeat! Repeat!

Observation

New observations


data are studied.

Hypothesis



testable statement.

Conclusion




Scientific Theory

Many experiments and

observations support a

theory.


The hypothesis is





Fig. 1.12-5

Observation

New observations


data are studied.

Hypothesis



testable statement.

Conclusion




Scientific Theory

Many experiments and

observations support a

theory.


The hypothesis is





Fig. 1.12

Report your

findings!

Variables

Manipulated Variable

(Independent Variable)

Factor of the experiment

being tested

Responding Variable

(Dependent Variable)

Result or change that occurs

due to the experimental variable


WHAT YOU ARE

PHYSICALLY

MANIPULATING OR

CHANGING

WHAT YOU ARE MEASURING AT

THE END OF THE EXPERIMENT

(not necessarily quantitative)

Groups

Control Group Experimental Group


The way it normally

happens

Group being tested/ group

with the manipulated

variable

•ONLY CHANGE ONE THING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


= Pigeon pea/winter wheat rotation

15

20

10

5

0 year 1 year 2 year 3

= no fertilization treatment

= 45 kg of nitrogen/ha

Control Pots

Test Pots

= 90 kg of nitrogen/ha

Wh

ea

t B

iom

as

s (

gra

ms

/po

t)

b. Results

a. Control pots and test pots

of three types

Test pots

90 kg of nitrogen/ha

Test pots

Pigeon pea/winter wheat rotation

Control pots

no fertilization treatment

Test pots

45 kg of nitrogen/ha

(All): Courtesy Jim Bidlack

Fig. 1.14

Data

• Quantitative- numbers

• Qualitative- characteristic/quality

Experiments and/or

observations

Scientific Method Example

Hypothesis

Conclusion

Observations

c.

b.

d.

a.


Characteristics of Life

All living things…


(Bacteria): © Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Phototake; (Paramecium): © M. Abbey/Visuals Unlimited; (Morel): © Royalty-Free Corbis;

(Sunflower): © Photodisc Green/Getty Images; (Snow goose): © Charles Bush Photography

Bacteria Paramecium

Morel Sunflower Snow goose

Made of cells

Unicellular Multicellular


Biosphere

Regions of the Earth’s crust,

waters, and atmosphere

inhabited by living things

Ecosystem

A community plus

the physical environment

Community

Interacting populations in a

particular area

Population

Organisms of the same

species in a particular area

Organism

An individual; complex

individuals contain organ systems

Organ System

Composed of several organs

working together

Organ

Composed of tissues functioning

together for a specific task

Tissue

A group of cells with a common

structure and function

Cell

The structural and functional

unit of all living things

Molecule

Union of two or more atoms of

the same or different elements

Atom

Smallest unit of an element

composed of electrons, protons,

and neutrons

Display Organization

Grow and Develop

b.

a.

c. f.

e.

d.

food

a: © Niebrugge Images; b: © Photodisc Blue/Getty Images; c: © Charles Bush

Photography; d: © Michael Abby/Visuals Unlimited;

e: © Pat Pendarvis; f: National Park Service Photo

Acquire/Require Energy Fig. 1.3

Maintain Homeostasis

• Keeping internal conditions constant (in balance)

– Temperature

– Moisture level

– Acidity

– Sugar level

– Other physiological factors

Metabolism- All chemical reactions that happen in the body.

Respond to Stimuli

• Reactions to internal and external stimuli are responses.

• INDIVIDUALS RESPOND

The cheetah responds to a need for food and the gazelle responds to danger by running away.

Have Adaptations

• Adaptations are modifications that make organisms better able to function in a particular environment.

• SPECIES ADAPT.

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