Chapter Six: Business Security1

Retail Stores Stores can be and often are the targets of crime

from inside and outside the business itself Crimes and security problems in stores run the

gamut from all the crimes of violence to property crimes (burglar, vandalism, internal theft)

They are also subject to an enormous amount of “White Collar” crimes (computer crime, bad checks, credit card crimes, forgery, embezzlement…)

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Retail Stores Loss Prevention is one of the largest concerns of

the retail business in the U.S.

▪ Shoplifting and employee theft are major security problems with most retail businesses

▪ Most large retail business have a propriety security department, which performs numerous duties regarding loss prevention, safety and internal auditing

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Convenience Stores Sherman reports the Convenience Store industry

has conducted some of the most sophisticated crime prevention experiments available

▪ There are two types of stores:

▪Those with few or no robberies (no crime prevention efforts needed)

▪Those with several robberies (prevention efforts will be more productive)

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Convenience Stores The National Association of Convenience Stores

▪ Based on studies the NACS recommends the following methods to maintain security and reduce crime:

▪Cash control

▪Visibility

▪Eliminating escape routes▪Employee training

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Convenience Stores The National Association of Convenience Stores

“Cash Control” includes keeping as little cash as possible in the cash register and putting all other cash in a secure “drop safe” that employees cannot access

“Visibility” entails good lighting on the inside and outside of the store and clear views of all areas of the store from the clerk’s position in the front of the store and from the outside

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Convenience Stores The National Association of Convenience Stores

▪ “Eliminating Escape Routes” means locking other exit doors and having only one escape route that exits the suspect into the lighted areas or area videoed by electronic surveillance

▪ “Employee Training” includes ensuring clerks and other employees remain calm during crimes and other incidents and do not resist robberies

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Convenience Stores The implementation of crime prevention through

environmental design (CPTED) strategies can be highly effective in reducing the incidence of robbery

▪ Remain calm

▪ Do not resist robberies

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Convenience Stores The National Association of Convenience Stores

does not recommend the below as effective deterrents to crime

▪ Concealed weapons

▪ Bullet resistant barriers

▪ Multiple clerks

▪ Security guards

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Fast Food Restaurants “Fast Food” restaurant security is very similar to

the security provided for Convenience Stores Video surveillance systems with “Text Insertion”

are very useful to prevent insider or employee theft

▪ “Text Insertion” is a feature that displays cash register activity on corresponding surveillance footage

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Fast Food Restaurants The Athena Research Corporation interviewed

hundreds of young robbers and found that security features do not always deter young robbers

▪ These individuals naively think they will not be caught

▪ They have planned out their escape routes

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Fast Food Restaurants The Athena Research Corporation recommends:▪ Keeping the cash register in a position to allow a

clear, unobstructed view from the street▪ Post signs that say the cash register contains only

a small amount of cash▪ Train employees to be aware of their

surroundings and take note of robber’s physical description, clothing, weapon, body art and get away vehicle

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Fast Food Restaurants The Athena Research Corporation recommends:

▪ Improve lighting in work areas, parking lots…

▪ Never leave the back or side doors unlocked or propped open

▪ Install panic buttons or silent alarms

▪ Use physical features to limit access and escape routes

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Fast Food Restaurants The Athena Research Corporation recommends:

▪ Train employees not to resist the robber

▪ Do not talk to the robber

▪ Do not allow customers to leave until interviewed by the police

▪ Have visible monitoring at the entrance where customers can see them

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Fast Food Restaurants The nation’s economic situation has contributed to

an increase in some crimes that were unheard of or very rare

▪ Theft of grease for biodiesel fuel

▪ Put outside, with the trash, because of the smell

▪ This may raise the issue of “abandonment” for police in prosecuting the case

▪California v. Greenwood (1988)

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Reasonable Expectation of Privacy/Property California v. Greenwood (1988)

▪ Police waited for the trash to be collected by trash collectors, searched through the trash and obtained a search warrant for the residence based on what they found inside the trash bags

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Reasonable Expectation of Privacy/Property California v. Greenwood (1988)

▪ Greenwood did not have a level of expectation of privacy that society was will to recognize as reasonable

▪ It is common knowledge that garbage bags left on the side of the street are readily accessible to animals, children and snoops

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Reasonable Expectation of Privacy/Property California v. Greenwood (1988)

▪ The reason people place their trash at the road is to convey to third parties that they are through with the objects and no longer want them for their personal use

Shopping Centers and Malls Problems associated with Shopping Center and

Malls include vandalism, loss prevention, order maintenance, crowd control, parking security, theft of automobiles, theft from automobiles, terrorism and pedestrian safety

Shopping Center or Mall security can have a huge impact on consumers perception of safety

▪ This may determine where they shop

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Shopping Centers and Malls Architectural design, which includes lighting,

security cameras and roving security patrols can help minimize the likelihood of shopping center and mall crime in parking lots

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Shopping Centers and Malls Research has indicated that there is evidence of a

correlation between crime at malls and the presence of “problematic” persons (gangs and loitering youths)

As a result most malls create a “Code of Conduct” for the mall and develop partnerships with law enforcement to ensure a safe shopping environment

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Shopping Centers and Malls The public posting of these “Codes of Conduct” at

the entrances and throughout the malls helps reassure shoppers that the shopping center is a controlled environment where their shopping experience will not be disturbed by aggressive, illegal or offensive behavior

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Shopping Centers and Malls Research has discovered that many shopping center

managers are placing local law enforcement substations or officers on the premises

This type of initiative affords the shopping center the benefit of increasing police presence without having to pay the officers’ salaries

Research further shows that regular police patrols had a far greater impact on mall motor vehicle theft than did private security patrols

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Shopping Centers and Malls Another security technique is the “Retail Alert

System” which allows for simultaneous voice, video and data transmission, merchants can immediately notify other merchants in the mall of possible shoplifters or persons passing bad checksThis system also allows for credit card

verification and other business applications Former telephone systems could take hours for all

stores to be notified

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Industrial Facilities, Factories and Warehouses The major security concerns at industrial facilities,

factories and warehouses are: Property protection Theft Security of proprietary or classified information Fire protection Safety Traffic control

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Industrial Facilities, Factories and Warehouses Previously uncommon criminal trends have cropped

up in recent years Scrap metal theft Industrial theft Frivolous injury claims

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Industrial Facilities, Factories and Warehouses New threats have arisen, target materials that

previously would not have been considered high plausibility targets Scrap metal Toxic chemicals Biomedical wastes Flammable materials

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Office Buildings The major security problems for commercial office

buildings are after hour burglaries and thefts, unauthorized visitors and incidents of internal theft

Security personnel from a central station, using electronic video surveillance, can effectively monitor large commercial office buildings

Assess control and making regular security checks throughout the building supplement the central station

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Office Buildings Addition recommendations include:

Turnstiles to control traffic moving through the lobby area

Transferring employees and operations to backup sites outside major urban centers

“Temporary Badging” for visitors, contractors…“Expiring Time Badging” allows visitor badges

to change colors when the badge is no longer valid, showing the wearer is no longer authorized to be in the building

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Office Buildings The Comcast Center has resorted to non traditional

means of recruiting Now, building security recruits in concierge

associations and universities with schools of hospitality

Advertised as “customer service” not “security”

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Public and Private Utilities Public utilities provide gas, telephone, electricity,

water…. to the public Most public and private utilities have a proprietary

security staff supplemented by contract security guards

They are concerned about terrorism, sabotage, destruction of property and assets, theft of services and assets, personal protection of employees…

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DamsThe Army Corps of Engineers conducts studies of

possible security problems at damsConducted a study to determine that a terrorist

attack against the Kensico Dan in Westchester County would be catastrophicFloodingDrinking water supply to NYC

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DamsThe latest report from the National Research

Institute indicated that security at our nation’s dams is lackingNeed better communication The Federal Bureau of Reclamation (monitor

water and power flow) are disconnected from security and police

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Oil FacilitiesThe oil and gas industry assets are uniquely

valuable and distinctly valuable in today’s complex geopolitical environment

Security is needed at the:ExtractionProductiontransportation

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Chemical FacilitiesThe chemical industry engages in security measures

and most firms generally operate a proprietary security and contract security system at their facilities

The Congressional General Accounting Office reported that 123 chemical plants across the county could each expose more than 1 million people to serous health issues if a chemical release occurred

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Chemical FacilitiesThe U.S. Department of Homeland Security

imposed federal security regulations for high risk chemical facilities

Requires chemical facilities to prepare Security Vulnerability AssessmentsIdentify security vulnerabilitiesImplement site security plans

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Nuclear Power PlantsThe physical security of nuclear power plants and

their vulnerabilities to deliberate acts of terrorism was elevated to a national security concern following 9/11

Nuclear power plant security requirements are established and enforced by the Nuclear Regulator Commission

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Nuclear Power PlantsTo strengthen nuclear plant security inspections, the

Energy Policy Act of 2005 Act required the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to conduct “force on force” security exercises at nuclear power plants at least once every three years

Also included provisions for fingerprinting and criminal background checks

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Hotels and MotelsThe primary security problems associated with

hotels and motels are:The personal safety of guestsTheft from guests roomsThefts of and from autos in parking lotsVandalism

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Hotels and MotelsMcGoey’s advise for travelers to keep safe

Choose a room above the fifth floor (less access)Choose a room in the middle of the hallway

(away from fire escapes)Choose a hotel with solid core or mental doors

(doors should be self locking)Doors should have electronic access cardsDoors should have wide angle peepholes

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BanksThe primary security concerns at banks are the

protection of:The protection assets and informationThe protection of employees and patronsThe prevention of crimes at their facilityComputer crimes“White Collar” crimes

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BanksThe are three traditional security methods used by

banks to prevent robberies:Security Officers

Contract or ProprietaryArmed or Unarmed

Cash ControlVaults and Tellers

Dye Packs

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BanksOther security methods used by banks to prevent

robberies include:Metal Detection Portals

Constructed of bullet resistant materialsWhen a weapon is detectedAlarms soundInner doors of the bank lock

Customer Assisted Depositories (like night drops)

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Sporting Arenas and BallparksSecurity problems at sporting arenas and ballparks

include:Order MaintenanceCrowd ControlIllegal EntryVandalismTheft of Property from Patrons or Vendors

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Sporting Arenas and BallparksSecurity is provided by proprietary and contract

securityYankees/Red Sox baseball games2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China

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Sporting Arenas and BallparksAccess control is very important at stadiums to ensure

that only persons who have paid for a ticket are granted access

New technology thwarts the use of counterfeit ticketsIf the ticket is counterfeit or already used the

turnstile will lock and the ticketholder will be investigated

“Flash Seats” controls the resale of tickets matching the ticket to DL’s or Credit Cards

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Sporting Arenas and BallparksAccess control is very important at stadiums to ensure

that only persons who have paid for a ticket are granted access

New technology thwarts the use of counterfeit ticketsIf the ticket is counterfeit or already used the

turnstile will lock and the ticketholder will be investigated

“Flash Seats” controls the resale of tickets matching the ticket to DL’s or Credit Cards

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Sporting Arenas and BallparksAccess control is very important at stadiums to ensure

that only persons who have paid for a ticket are granted access

New technology thwarts the use of counterfeit ticketsIf the ticket is counterfeit or already used the

turnstile will lock and the ticketholder will be investigated

“Flash Seats” controls the resale of tickets matching the ticket to DL’s or Credit Cards

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Sporting Arenas and BallparksViolence control is also a major issue in sports

arena securityFan violence (players, stampeding, rioting…)Security cameras for later identificationWeapons screening

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Movies, Theaters and ClubsThe major security problems at movie houses,

theaters and clubs are order maintenance, crowd control , illegal entry and thefts from patrons and vendorsSmaller venues have contract securityLarge venues have proprietary security Some bring their own security

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Movies, Theaters and ClubsAt a club in Ohio, “Dimebag” Darrell Abbott, a

heavy metal guitarist for the band “Damageplan” was gunned down along with three others by an audience member

Security adviseSearch backpacks and conduct pat downsScan crowd for suspicious activityMetal detectors

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Pools and BeachesThe major concerns at pools and beaches are order

maintenance, crowd control, parking and the safety of users and employees

The first responder at pools and beaches is likely to be a lifeguard

Members of “Beach Patrol” security often augment the security and safety provided by on duty life guards

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Amusement ParksThe major security concerns facing amusement

parks are order maintenance, crowd control, access control, parking and the safety of visitors and employees

Almost all amusement parks operate a proprietary security department and hire extra contract security guards when necessary

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Cruise ShipsCrimes at sea often fall into a jurisdictional “no

mans land” of law enforcementIf the ship is in the waters of a foreign country the

crime will be reported to that countryBut may not be investigated by that countrySexual assaults are the most common crime

Not the country of registry of the shipAll major cruise lines have security managers

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CasinosCasinos have numerous security concerns, safety of

patrols and employees, protection of assets of the casino from robbery and theft, order maintenance and crowd control

Casinos usually have proprietary security and hire some contract security for certain duties

Casinos use sophisticated access control and video surveillance systems and make extensive use of armed security guards

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CasinosCasino gaming areas are usually monitored from the

casino’s control centerEducated and trained in all forms of cheating and

scams associated with each gameEducation comes from the casino, police and state

gaming commission

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