apple business stores

8/8/2019 Apple Business Stores

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Apple Business Stores-General

Software for your business. From accounting and finance to marketing, sales, and productivity you

can get it

Start Up

Discover amazing tools for your new business that can help you make your business look big and ignite

your creative genius

Home Office

Productivity from home. The Mac platform offers amazing tools to get all your work done from your

home office

IT Solutions

The Mac. Making life easier for IT professionals.

Retail

Automate your store with powerful and gorgeous technology that can manage transactions, inventory,

customers, and more

Legal

When presentation is everything and client support is key, the Mac is a great platform for making a case

and managing your practice.

Apple Consultants Network

Your best source for Apple-certified and independent technical professionals

Save with volume licensing

Buy multiple licenses of Apple software. Volume pricing starts at only five units

Finance and accounting

The leading financing and accounting applications work beautifully on the Mac, from QuickBooks to

NetSuite to SAP.


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Apple Education Stores-Apple offers special education pricing on Apple computers, software and select

third party products to College Students, or Teachers, Administrators and Staff of all grade levels.

Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL; previously Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinationalcorporation that designs and markets consumer electronics, computer software, andpersonal

computers. The company's best-known hardware products include the Macintosh line ofcomputers, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. Apple software includes the Mac OS Xoperatingsystem; the iTunes media browser; the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software; theiWorksuite of productivity software; Aperture, a professional photography package; Final CutStudio, a suite of professional audio and film-industry software products; Logic Studio, a suite ofmusic production tools and its iOS Mobile Operating System. As of August 2010, the companyoperates 301 retail stores

[7]in ten countries,

[8]and an online store where hardware and software

products are sold.

Established on April 1, 1976 in Cupertino, California, and incorporated January 3, 1977,[9] thecompany was previously named Apple Computer, Inc., for its first 30 years, but removed the

word "Computer" on January 9, 2007,[10]

to reflect the company's ongoing expansion into theconsumer electronics market in addition to its traditional focus on personal computers.[11] As ofSeptember 26, 2009, Apple had 34,300 full time employees and 2,500 temporary full timeemployees worldwide[12] and had worldwide annual sales of $42.91 billion in its fiscal yearending September 26, 2009.[5]

For reasons as various as itsphilosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design to its distinctiveadvertising campaigns, Apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer electronicsindustry. This includes a customer base that is devoted to the company and its brand, particularlyin the United States.[13]Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the UnitedStates in 2008, and in the world in 2008, 2009, and 2010. [14][15][16] The company has also

received widespread criticism for its contractors' labor, environmental, and businesspractices.[17][18]

History

Main article:History of Apple

19761980: The early years


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The Apple I, Apple's first product. Sold as an assembled circuit board, it lacked basic featuressuch as a keyboard, monitor, and case. The owner of this unit added a keyboard and a woodencase.

Apple was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne,[1] to

sell the Apple I personal computer kit. They were hand-built by Wozniak

[19][20]

and first shown tothe public at the Homebrew Computer Club.[21] The Apple I was sold as a motherboard (withCPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips)less than what is today considered a completepersonal computer.

[22]The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666.66

($2.55 thousand in 2010 dollars, adjusted for inflation.)[23][24][25][26][27][28]

Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977[9]

without Wayne, who sold his share of the companyback to Jobs and Wozniak for $800. Multi-millionaire Mike Markkula provided essentialbusiness expertise and funding of $250,000 during the incorporation of Apple.[29][30]

The Apple II was introduced on April 16, 1977 at the first West Coast Computer Faire. It

differed from its major rivals, the TRS-80 and Commodore PET, because it came with colorgraphics and an open architecture. While early models used ordinary cassette tapes as storagedevices, they were superseded by the introduction of a 5 1/4 inch floppy diskdrive and interface,the Disk II.[31]

The Apple II was chosen to be the desktop platform for the first "killer app" of the businessworldthe VisiCalcspreadsheet program.[32] VisiCalc created a business market for the AppleII, and gave home users an additional reason to buy an Apple IIcompatibility with theoffice.[32] According to Brian Bagnall, Apple exaggerated its sales figures and was a distant thirdplace to Commodore and Tandy until VisiCalc came along.[33][34]

By the end of the 1970s, Apple had a staff of computer designers and a production line. Thecompany introduced the ill-fated Apple III in May 1980 in an attempt to compete with IBM andMicrosoft in the business and corporate computing market.[35]

Jobs and several Apple employees including Jef Raskin visited Xerox PARC in December 1979to see the Xerox Alto. Xerox granted Apple engineers three days of access to the PARC facilitiesin return for the option to buy 100,000 shares of Apple at the pre-IPO price of $10 a share.[36]Jobs was immediately convinced that all future computers would use a graphical user interface(GUI), and development of a GUI began for the Apple Lisa.

[37]

In December 1980, Apple launched the initial public offering of its stock to the investingpublic.[citation needed] When Apple went public, it generated more capital than any IPO since FordMotor Company in 1956 and instantly created more millionaires (about 300) than any companyin history. Several venture capitalists cashed out, reaping billions in long-term capitalgains.[citation needed]

19811985: Lisa and Macintosh


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The heroine from Apple's "1984" ad, set in a dystopian future modeled after the George Orwellnovel Nineteen Eighty-Four, set the tone for the introduction of the Macintosh.

Steve Jobs began working on the Apple Lisa in 1978 but in 1982 he was pushed from the Lisateam due to infighting, and took over Jef Raskin's low-cost-computer project, the Macintosh. Aturf war broke out between Lisa's "corporate shirts" and Jobs' "pirates" over which productwould ship first and save Apple. Lisa won the race in 1983 and became the first personalcomputer sold to the public with a GUI, but was a commercial failure due to its high price tagand limited software titles.[38]

The first Macintosh, released in 1984.

In 1984, Apple next launched the Macintosh. Its debut was announced by the now famous $1.5million television commercial "1984". It was directed by Ridley Scott, aired during the thirdquarter ofSuper Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984,[39] and is now considered a watershed eventfor Apple's success[40] and a "masterpiece".[41][42]

The Macintosh initially sold well, but follow-up sales were not strong[43] due to its high price andlimited range of software titles. The machine's fortunes changed with the introduction of theLaserWriter, the first PostScriptlaser printerto be offered at a reasonable price point, andPageMaker, an early desktop publishing package. The Mac was particularly powerful in this


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market due to its advanced graphics capabilities, which were already necessarily built-in tocreate the intuitive Macintosh GUI. It has been suggested that the combination of these threeproducts was responsible for the creation of the desktop publishing market.

[44]

In 1985, a power struggle developed between Jobs and CEO John Sculley, who had been hired

two years prior.

[45]

The Apple board of directors felt that products such as the Macintosh hadbeen a failure because of dismal sales[citation needed]. They instructed Sculley to "contain" Jobs andlimit his ability to launch expensive forays into untested products. Rather than submit toSculley's direction, Jobs attempted to oust him from his leadership role at Apple. Sculley foundout that Jobs had been attempting to organize a putsch and called a board meeting at whichApple's board of directors sided with Sculley and removed Jobs from his managerial duties.[43]Jobs resigned from Apple and foundedNeXT Inc. the same year.[46]

Apple's sustained growth during the early 1980s was in great part due to its leadership in theeducation sector, attributed to an implementation of the LOGO Programming Language by LogoComputer Systems Inc., (LCSI), for the Apple II platform. The success of Apple and LOGO in

the education environment provided Apple with a broad base of loyal users around the world.The drive into education was accentuated in California by a momentous agreement concludedbetween Steve Jobs and Jim Baroux of LCSI, agreeing with the donation of one Apple II and oneApple LOGO software package to each public school in the State. The intention was that if onepackage was donated to a school, this would result in the purchase of thirty more to fill at leastone classroom, and additional purchases would also come from parents supporting thetechnological familiarity and advancement of their children. This successful strategy andarrangement between Apple and LCSI, was eventually replicated in Texas, establishing a strongand pervasive presence for Apple in all schools throughout California, which ignited theacquisition of Apple IIs in schools right across the country. The conquest of education becamecritical to Apple's acceptance in the home, as parents supported continued learning experiencefor children after school. Dominance of the education market around the world sustained Applethrough the most critical period from the early to mid 80s.

19861993: Rise and fall

See also: Timeline of Apple II familyandTimeline ofMacintoshmodels

The Macintosh Portable was Apple's first "portable" Macintosh computer, released in 1989.


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Having learned several painful lessons after introducing the bulky Macintosh Portable in 1989,Apple introduced the PowerBookin 1991, which established the modern form factor andergonomic layout of the laptop computer.

[47]The Macintosh Portable was designed to be just as

powerful as a desktop Macintosh, but weighed 17 pounds with a 12 hour battery life. Apple soldfewer than 100,000 units.[citation needed] The Powerbook was 7 pounds and had a 3 hour battery life,

and sold a billion dollars worth within the first year.

[citation needed]

The same year, Apple introducedSystem 7, a major upgrade to the operating system, which added color to the interface andintroduced new networking capabilities. It remained the architectural basis forMac OS until2001.

The success of the PowerBook and other products led to increasing revenue.[45] For some time, itappeared that Apple could do no wrong, introducing fresh new products and generatingincreasing profits in the process. The magazine MacAddicthas named the period between 1989and 1991 as the "first golden age" of the Macintosh.

Following the success of the Macintosh LC, Apple introduced the Centris line, a low-end Quadra

offering, and the ill-fated Performa line that was sold in several confusing configurations andsoftware bundles to avoid competing with the various consumer outlets such as Sears, PriceClub, and Wal-Mart, the primary dealers for these models. The result was disastrous for Apple asconsumers did not understand the difference between models.

During this time Apple experimented with a number of other failed consumer targeted productsincluding digital cameras,portable CD audio players, speakers, video consoles, and TVappliances. Enormous resources were also invested in the problem-plaguedNewton divisionbased on John Sculley's unrealistic market forecasts. Ultimately, all of this proved too-little-too-late for Apple as their market share and stock prices continued to slide.

Apple saw the Apple II series as too expensive to produce, while taking away sales from the lowend Macintosh.[48] In 1990, Apple released the Macintosh LC with a single expansion slot for theApple IIe Card to migrate Apple II users to the Macintosh platform.

[49]Apple stopped selling the

Apple IIe in 1993.

Microsoft continued to gain market share with Windows, focusing on delivering software tocheap commodity personal computers while Apple was delivering a richly engineered, butexpensive, experience.[50] Apple relied on high profit margins and never developed a clearresponse. Instead they sued Microsoft for using a graphical user interface similar to the AppleLisa in Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation.[51] The lawsuit dragged on for yearsbefore it was thrown out of court. At the same time, a series of major product flops and misseddeadlines sullied Apple's reputation, and Sculley was replaced by Michael Spindler.[52]

19941997: Attempts at reinvention


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TheNewton was Apple's first foray into the PDA markets, as well as one of the first in theindustry. Despite being a financial flop at the time of its release, it helped pave the way for thePalm Pilot and Apple's own iPhone and iPad in the future.

By the early 1990s, Apple was developing alternative platforms to the Macintosh, such as the

A/UX. Apple had also begun to experiment in providing a Mac-only online portal which theycalled eWorld, developed in collaboration with America Online and designed as a Mac-friendlyalternative to other online services such as CompuServe. The Macintosh platform itself wasbecoming outdated since it was not built for multitasking, and several important softwareroutines were programmed directly into the hardware. In addition, Apple was facing competitionfrom OS/2 and UNIX vendors like Sun Microsystems. The Macintosh would need to be replacedby a new platform, or reworked to run on more powerful hardware.[53]

In 1994, Apple allied with IBM and Motorola in the AIM alliance. The goal was to create a newcomputing platform (the PowerPC Reference Platform), which would use IBM and Motorolahardware coupled with Apple's software. The AIM alliance hoped that PReP's performance and

Apple's software would leave the PC far behind, thus countering Microsoft. The same year,Apple introduced the Power Macintosh, the first of many Apple computers to use IBM'sPowerPC processor.[54]

In 1996, Michael Spindler was replaced by Gil Amelio as CEO. Gil Amelio made many changesat Apple, including massive layoffs.[55] After multiple failed attempts to improve Mac OS, firstwith the Taligent project, then later with Copland and Gershwin, Amelio chose to purchaseNeXT and itsNeXTSTEP operating system, bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple as an advisor.[56]On July 9, 1997, Gil Amelio was ousted by the board of directors after overseeing a three-yearrecord-low stock price and crippling financial losses. Jobs became the interim CEO and beganrestructuring the company's product line.

At the 1997 Macworld Expo, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would join Microsoft to releasenew versions ofMicrosoft Office for the Macintosh, and that Microsoft made a $150 millioninvestment in non-voting Apple stock.[57]

On November 10, 1997, Apple introduced the Apple Store, tied to a new build-to-ordermanufacturing strategy.[58][59]


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19982005: Return to profitability

On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one computer reminiscent of the Macintosh128K: the iMac. The iMac design team was led by Jonathan Ive, who would later design the iPodand the iPhone.[60][61] The iMac featured modern technology and a unique design. It sold close to

800,000 units in its first five months.[62]

Through this period, Apple purchased several companies to create a portfolio of professional andconsumer-oriented digital production software. In 1998, Apple announced the purchase ofMacromedia's Final Cut software, signaling its expansion into the digital video editing market.

[63]

The following year, Apple released two video editing products: iMovie for consumers, and FinalCut Pro for professionals, the latter of which has gone on to be a significant video-editingprogram, with 800,000 registered users in early 2007. [64] In 2002 Apple purchasedNothing Realfor their advanced digital compositing application Shake,[65] as well as Emagic for their musicproductivity application Logic, which led to the development of their consumer-levelGarageBand application.[66][67]iPhoto's release the same year completed the iLife suite.[68]

The entrance of the Apple Store on Fifth Avenue in New York City is a glass cube, housing acylindrical elevator and a spiral staircase that leads into the subterranean store.

Mac OS X, based on NeXT's OPENSTEP and BSD Unix was released on March 24, 2001, afterseveral years of development. Aimed at consumers and professionals alike, Mac OS X aimed tocombine the stability, reliability and security ofUnix with the ease of use afforded by anoverhauled user interface. To aid users in migrating from Mac OS 9, the new operating systemallowed the use of OS 9 applications through Mac OS X's Classic environment.[69]

On May 19, 2001, Apple opened the first official Apple Retail Stores in Virginia andCalifornia.[70] later on July 9 they bought Spruce Technologies, a DVD authoring company. The

same year, Apple introduced the iPod portable digital audio player. The product wasphenomenally successful over 100 million units were sold within six years.[71][72] In 2003,Apple's iTunes Store was introduced, offering online music downloads for $0.99 a song andintegration with the iPod. The service quickly became the market leader in online music services,with over 5 billion downloads by June 19, 2008.[73]


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Since 2001 Apple's design team has progressively abandoned the use of translucent coloredplastics first used in the iMac G3. This began with the titaniumPowerBookand was followed bythe whitepolycarbonateiBookand the flat-panel iMac.

[74][75]

20052007: The Intel transition

Main article:AppleInteltransition

The MacBook Pro (15.4" widescreen) was Apple's first laptop with an Intel microprocessor. Itwas announced in January 2006 and is aimed at the professional market.

At the Worldwide Developers Conference keynote address on June 6, 2005, Steve Jobsannounced that Apple would begin producing Intel-based Mac computers in 2006.

[76]On January

10, 2006, the new MacBook Pro and iMac became the first Apple computers to use Intel's CoreDuo CPU. By August 7, 2006 Apple had transitioned the entire Mac product line to Intel chips,over 1 year sooner than announced.[76] The Power Mac, iBook, and PowerBookbrands wereretired during the transition; the Mac Pro, MacBook, and MacBook Pro became their respective

successors.

[77][78]

On April 29, 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that Apple was building itsown team of engineers to design microchips.[79]

Apple also introduced Boot Camp to help users install Windows XP orWindows Vista on theirIntel Macs alongside Mac OS X.[80]

Apple's success during this period was evident in its stock price. Between early 2003 and 2006,the price of Apple's stock increased more than tenfold, from around $6 per share (split-adjusted)to over $80. In January 2006, Apple's market cap surpassed that ofDell.[81] Nine years prior,Dell's CEO Michael Dell said that if he ran Apple he would "shut it down and give the moneyback to the shareholders."[82]

Although Apple's market share in computers has grown, it remains far behind competitors usingMicrosoft Windows, with only about 8% of desktops and laptops in the U.S.

[83]

2007present: Mobile consumer electronics era

Delivering his keynote at the Macworld Expo on January 9, 2007, Jobs announced that AppleComputer, Inc. would from that point on be known as Apple Inc., due to the fact that computers


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are no longer the singular focus of the company. This change reflects the company's shift ofemphasis to mobile electronic devices from personal computers. The event also saw theannouncement of the iPhone and the Apple TV.

[84]The following day, Apple shares hit $97.80,

an all-time high at that point. In May, Apple's share price passed the $100 mark.[85]

In an article posted on Apple's website on February 6, 2007, Steve Jobs wrote that Apple wouldbe willing to sell music on the iTunes Store without DRM (which would allow tracks to beplayed on third-party players) if record labels would agree to drop the technology.[86] On April 2,2007, Apple and EMI jointly announced the removal of DRM technology from EMI's catalog inthe iTunes Store, effective in May.[87] Other record labels followed later that year.

The Mac, iPad, and iPhone now form the core of Apple's business.

In July of the following year, Apple launched the App Store to sell third-party applications forthe iPhone and iPod Touch.[88] Within a month, the store sold 60 million applications andbrought in $1 million daily on average, with Jobs speculating that the App Store could become abillion-dollar business for Apple.[89] Three months later, it was announced that Apple hadbecome the third-largest mobile handset supplier in the world due to the popularity of theiPhone.[90]

On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that after over 20 years of attending Macworld, 2009would be the last year Apple would be attending the Macworld Expo, and that Phil Schillerwould deliver the 2009 keynote in lieu of the expected Jobs.[91] Almost exactly one month later,on January 14, 2009, an internal Apple memo from Jobs announced that he would be taking asix-month leave of absence, until the end of June 2009, to allow him to better focus on his healthand to allow the company to better focus on its products with out having the rampant mediaspeculating about his health.[92] Despite Jobs' absence, Apple recorded its best non-holidayquarter (Q1 FY 2009) during the recession with a revenue of $8.16 billion and a profit of $1.21billion.[93]

Wikinews has related news:

y Apple unveils iPhone 4, iOS 4 at Worldwide Developers Conference 2010y Apple to give free cases, refunds to iPhone 4 owners


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After years of speculation and multiple rumored "leaks" Apple announced a large screen, tablet-like media device known as the iPad on January 27, 2010. The iPad runs the same touch basedoperating system that the iPhone uses and many of the same iPhone apps are compatible with theiPad. This gave the iPad a large app catalog on launch even with very little development timebefore the release. Later that year on April 3, 2010, the iPad was launched in the US and sold

more than 300,000 units on that day and reaching 500,000 by the end of the first week.

[94]

InMay 2010, Apple's market cap exceeded that of competitorMicrosoft for the first time since1989.[95]

In June 2010, Apple released the fourth generation iPhone, which introduced video calling,multitasking, and a new uninsulatedstainless steel design, which acts as the phone's antenna.Because of this antenna implementation, some iPhone 4 users reported a reduction in signalstrength when the phone is held in specific ways. Apple has offered buyers a free rubber 'bumper'case until September 30, 2010, as cases has been proven to solve/improve the signal strengthissue.

In September 2010, Apple refreshed its iPod line ofMP3 players, introducing a MultiTouchiPodNano, iPod Touch with FaceTime, and iPod Shuffle with buttons.[96][97][98][99][97][98][100]

In October 2010, Apple shares hit an all-time high, eclipsing $300.[101]

Products

See also: Timeline of Apple productsandList of products discontinued by Apple Inc.

Mac and accessories

See also: Timeline ofMacintoshmodels,List ofMacintoshmodelsgrouped by CPU type,andList ofMacintoshmodels by case type

The Mac mini.

y Mac mini, consumer sub-desktop computer and server introduced in January 2005.y iMac, consumer all-in-one desktop computer that was first introduced by Apple in 1998.Its popularity helped revive the company's fortunes.[62]y Mac Pro, workstation-class desktop computer introduced in August 2006. It replaced the

Power Macintosh.y MacBook, consumer notebook introduced in 2006. It replaced the iBook.y MacBook Air, ultra-thin, ultra-portable notebook, introduced in January 2008.y MacBook Pro, professional portable computer alternative to the MacBook, available in

13, 15, and 17-inch variants, introduced in January 2006. It replaced the PowerBook.


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y Xserve, rack mounted, dual or quad core, dual processor1U server.Apple sells a variety of computer accessories for Mac computers including the AirPort wirelessnetworking products, Time Capsule, Cinema Display, Magic Mouse, Magic Trackpad, WirelessKeyboard, the Apple Battery Chargerand the Apple USB Modem.

iPad

Main article: iPad

On January 27, 2010, Apple introduced their much-anticipated media tablet, the iPad running amodified version ofiOS. It offers multitouch interaction with multimedia formats includingnewspapers, magazines, ebooks, textbooks, photos, movies, TV shows videos, music, wordprocessing documents, spreadsheets, video games, and most existing iPhone apps.[102] It alsoincludes a mobile version ofSafari for internet browsing, as well as access to the App Store,iTunes Library, iBooks Store, contacts, and notepad. Content is downloadable via Wi-Fi and

optional 3G service or synced through the user's computer.[103]

AT&T is currently the sole USprovider of 3G wireless access for the iPad. [104]

iPod

Main article: iPod

The current iPod family, featuring the iPod Shuffle, iPod Nano, iPod Classic, and iPod Touch.

On October 23, 2001, Apple introduced the iPod digital music player. It has evolved to includevarious models targeting the wants of different users. The iPod is the market leader in portablemusic players by a significant margin, with more than 220 million units shipped as of September9, 2009.[105] Apple has partnered withNike to offer theNike+iPod Sports Kit enabling runners tosynchronize and monitor their runs with iTunes and theNike+ website. Apple currently sells fourvariants of the iPod.

y iPod Classic (previously named iPod from 2001 to 2007),portable media playerfirstintroduced in 2001, currently available in a 160 GB model.

y iPod Nano, portable media player first introduced in 2005, currently available in 8 and16 GB models. The newest generation has a FM radio, apedometer, and a new multi-touch interface that replaced the traditional iPod click wheel.

y iPod Shuffle, digital audio player first introduced in 2005, currently available in 2 and4 GB models.


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y iPod Touch, portable media player that runs iOS, first introduced in September 2007 afterthe iPhone went on sale. Currently available in 8, 32, and 64 GB models. The latestgeneration features the Apple A4 processor, a Retina Display and dual cameras on thefront and back. The back camera allows video recording at 720p.

iPhone

Main article: iPhone

The iPhone 4 is the most recent generation of iPhone.

At the Macworld Conference & Expo in January 2007, Steve Jobs revealed the longanticipated

[106]iPhone, a convergence of an Internet-enabled smartphone and iPod.

[107]The

original iPhone combined a 2.5Gquad bandGSM and EDGE cellular phone with features foundin hand held devices, running scaled-down versions of Apple's Mac OS X (dubbed iOS, formerlyiPhone OS), with various Mac OS X applications such as Safari and Mail. It also includes web-

based and Dashboard apps such as Google Maps and Weather. The iPhone features a 3.5-inch(89 mm) touch screen display, 4, 8, or 16 GB of memory, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi (both "b" and"g").[107] The iPhone first became available on June 29, 2007 for $499 (4 GB) and $599 (8 GB)with an AT&T contract.

[108]On February 5, 2008, Apple updated the original iPhone to have

16 GB of memory, in addition to the 8 GB and 4 GB models.[109] On June 9, 2008, at WWDC2008, Steve Jobs announced that the iPhone 3G would be available on July 11, 2008. [110] Thisversion added support for3G networking, assisted-GPS navigation, and a price cut to $199 forthe 8 GB version, and $299 for the 16 GB version, which was available in both black and white.The new version was visually different from its predecessor in that it eliminated the flat silverback, and large antenna square for a curved glossy black or white back. Following complaintsfrom many people, the headphone jack was changed from a recessed jack to a flush jack to be

compatible with more styles of headphones. The software capabilities changed as well, with therelease of the new iPhone came the release of Apple's App Store; the store provided applicationsfor download that were compatible with the iPhone. On April 24, 2009, the App Store surpassedone billion downloads.[111] On June 8, 2009, at Apple's annual worldwide developers conference,the iPhone 3GS was announced, providing an incremental update to the device including fasterinternal components, support for faster 3G speeds, video recording capability, and voice control.On June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, the iPhone 4 was announced, which Apple says is its "'biggestleap we've taken" since the original iPhone.[112] The phone includes an all-new design, 960x640


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display, Apple's A4 processor used in the iPad, a gyroscope for enhanced gaming, 5MP camerawith LED flash, front-facing VGA camera and FaceTime video calling. Shortly after the releaseof the iPhone 4, it was realized by consumers that the new iPhone had reception issues. This isdue to the stainless steel band around the edge of the device, which also serves as the phonescellular signal and Wi-Fi antenna. The current fix for this issue is a "Bumper Case" for the phone

distributed for free to all iPhone 4 owners, subject to terms.

Apple TV

Main article:Apple TV

2010 Apple TV

At the 2007 Macworld conference, Jobs demonstrated the Apple TV, (previously known as theiTV),[113] a set-top video device intended to bridge the sale of content from iTunes with high-definition televisions. The device links up to a user's TV and syncs, either via Wi-Fi or a wirednetwork, with one computer's iTunes library and streams from an additional four. The Apple TV

originally incorporated a 40 GB hard drive for storage, includes outputs forHDMI andcomponent video, and plays video at a maximum resolution of720p.[114] On May 31, 2007 a160 GB drive was released alongside the existing 40 GB model[115] and on January 15, 2008 asoftware update was released, which allowed media to be purchased directly from the AppleTV.[116] In September 2009, Apple discontinued the original 40 GB Apple TV and now continuesto produce and sell the 160 GB Apple TV. On September 1, 2010, alongside the release of thenew line of iPod devices for the year, Apple released a completely redesigned Apple TV. Thenew deivce is 1/4 the size, runs quieter, and replaces the need for a hard drive with mediastreaming from any iTunes library on the network along with 8 GB offlash memory to cachemedia downloaded. Apple with the Apple TV has added another device to its portfolio that runson its A4 processor along with the iPad and the iPhone. The memory included in the device is

the same as the iPhone at 512 MB. It has HDMI out as the only video out source. Featuresinclude access to the iTunes Store to rent movies and TV shows (purchasing has beendiscontinued), streaming from internet video sources, including YouTube and Netflix, and mediastreaming from your iTunes library. Apple also reduced the price of the device to $99.

Software


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See also:List ofMacintoshsoftware

Apple develops its own operating system to run on Macs, Mac OS X, the latest version beingMac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard. Apple also independently develops computer software titles forits Mac OS X operating system. Much of the software Apple develops is bundled with its

computers. An example of this is the consumer-oriented iLife software package that bundlesiDVD, iMovie, iPhoto, iTunes, GarageBand, and iWeb. For presentation, page layout and wordprocessing, iWorkis available, which includes Keynote, Pages, andNumbers. iTunes,QuickTime media player, Safari web browser, and Software Update are available as freedownloads for both Mac OS X and Windows.

Apple also offers a range of professional software titles. Their range of server software includesthe operating system Mac OS X Server; Apple Remote Desktop, a remote systems managementapplication; WebObjects, Java EE Web application server; and Xsan, a Storage Area Networkfile system. For the professional creative market, there is Aperture for professional RAW-formatphoto processing; Final Cut Studio, a video production suite; Logic, a comprehensive music

toolkit and Shake, an advanced effects composition program.

Apple also offers online services with MobileMe (formerly .Mac) that bundles personal webpages, email, Groups, iDisk,backup, iSync, and Learning Center online tutorials. MobileMe is asubscription-based internet suite that capitalizes on the ability to store personal data on an onlineserver and thereby keep all web-connected devices in sync.[117] Announced at MacWorld Expo2009, iWork.com allows iWork users to upload documents for sharing and collaboration.

Timeline of Apple products

See also: Timeline of Apple Inc. products,Timeline of Apple II family,andTimeline of

Macintoshmodels


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Products on this timeline indicate introduction dates only and not necessarily

discontinued dates,as new products begin on acontiguous productline.

CultureCorporate

Apple was one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that bucked thetraditional notions of what a corporate culture should look like in organizational hierarchy (flatversus tall, casual versus formal attire, etc.). Other highly successful firms with similar culturalaspects from the same period include Southwest Airlines and Microsoft. Originally, the companystood in opposition to staid competitors like IBM by default, thanks to the influence of itsfounders; Steve Jobs often walked around the officebarefoot even after Apple was a Fortune 500company. By the time of the "1984" TV ad, this trait had become a key way the company

attempts to differentiate itself from its competitors.

[118]

As the company has grown and been led by a series of chief executives, each with his own ideaof what Apple should be, some of its original character has arguably been lost, but Apple still hasa reputation for fostering individuality and excellence that reliably draws talented people into itsemploy, especially after Jobs' return. To recognize the best of its employees, Apple created theApple Fellows program. Apple Fellows are those who have made extraordinary technical orleadership contributions topersonal computing while at the company. The Apple Fellowship has


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so far been awarded to a few individuals including Bill Atkinson,[119]Steve Capps,[120] RodHolt,[119]Alan Kay,[121][122]Guy Kawasaki,[121][123]Al Alcorn,[124]Don Norman,[121]RichPage,

[119]and Steve Wozniak.

[119]

Users

According to surveys by J. D. Power, Apple has the highest brand and repurchase loyalty of anycomputer manufacturer.[citation needed] While this brand loyalty is considered unusual for anyproduct, Apple appears not to have gone out of its way to create it. At one time, Appleevangelists were actively engaged by the company, but this was after the phenomenon wasalready firmly established. Apple evangelist Guy Kawasaki has called the brand fanaticism"something that was stumbled upon".[125] Apple has, however, supported the continuingexistence of a network ofMac User Groups in most major and many minor centers of populationwhere Mac computers are available.

Mac users would meet at the European Apple Expo and the San Francisco Macworld Conference

& Expo trade shows where Apple traditionally introduced new products each year to the industryand public until Apple pulled out of both events. While the conferences continue, Apple does nothave official representation there. Mac developers, in turn, continue gather at the annual AppleWorldwide Developers Conference.

Apple Store openings can draw crowds of thousands, with some waiting in line as much as a daybefore the opening or flying in from other countries for the event.[126] The New York City FifthAvenue "Cube" store had a line as long as half a mile; a few Mac fans took the opportunity of thesetting to propose marriage.

[127]The Ginza opening in Tokyo was estimated in the thousands

with a line exceeding eight city blocks.[128]

John Sculley told The Guardian newspaper in 1997: "People talk about technology, but Applewas a marketing company. It was the marketing company of the decade."[129]

Research byNetRatings indicate that the average Apple consumer is usually more affluent andmore well-educated than PC consumers, the research indicated that this correlation could stemfrom the fact that on average Apple Inc. products are more expensive than PC products.[130]

Corporate affairs

See also:List ofmergersandacquisitions by Apple,Braeburn Capital,andFileMaker Inc.

Apple has a history ofvertical integration in their products, manufacturing the hardware onwhich they pre-install their software.[citation needed]

During the Mac's early history Apple generally refused to adopt prevailing industry standards forhardware, instead creating their own.[131] This trend was largely reversed in the late 1990sbeginning with Apple's adoption of the PCI bus in the 7500/8500/9500Power Macs. Apple hassince adopted USB, AGP, HyperTransport, Wi-Fi, and other industry standards in its computersand was in some cases a leader in the adoption of standards such as USB.[132]FireWire is an


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Apple-originated standard that has seen widespread industry adoption after it was standardized asIEEE 1394.[133]

Ever since the first Apple Store opened, Apple has sold third party accessories.[134] This allows,for instance,Nikon and Canon to sell their Mac-compatible digital cameras and camcorders

inside the store. Adobe, one of Apple's oldest software partners,

[135]

also sells its Mac-compatiblesoftware, as does Microsoft, who sells Microsoft Office for the Mac. Books from John Wiley &Sons, who publishes the For Dummies series of instructional books, are a notable exception,however. The publisher's line of books were banned from Apple Stores in 2005 because SteveJobs disagreed with their editorial policy.[136]

Headquarters

Main article:Infinite Loop (street)

Company headquarters on Infinite Loop in Cupertino, California.

Apple Inc.'s world corporate headquarters are located in the middle ofSilicon Valley, at 1

Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California. This Apple campus has six buildings that total850,000 square feet (79,000 m2) and was built in 1993 by Sobrato Development Cos.[137]

In 2006, Apple announced its intention to build a second campus on 50 acres (200,000 m2)assembled from various contiguous plots. The new campus, also in Cupertino, will be about1 mile (1.6 km) east of the current campus.[138]

Advertising

Main article:Apple Inc.advertising

Furtherinformation: ThinkDifferent,GetaMac,andAppleSwitchadcampaign

Since the introduction of the Macintosh in 1984 with the 1984 Super Bowl commercial to themore modern 'Get a Mac' adverts, Apple has been recognized in the past for its efforts towardseffective advertising and marketing for its products, though its advertising has been criticized forthe claims of some more recent campaigns, particularly 2005 Power Mac ads[139][140][141] andiPhone ads in Britain.


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Logos

See also: U+F8FFor,seen as theApple logo in some fonts.

Apple's first logo, designed by Jobs and Wayne, depicts Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple

tree. Almost immediately, though, this was replaced by Rob Janoff's "rainbow Apple", the now-familiar rainbow-colored silhouette of an apple with a bite taken out of it. Janoff presented Jobswith several different monochromatic themes for the "bitten" logo, and Jobs immediately took aliking to it. While Jobs liked the logo, he insisted it be in color to humanize the company.[142][143]The Apple logo was designed with a bite so that it would be recognized as an apple rather than acherry. The colored stripes were conceived to make the logo more accessible, and to representthe fact the monitor could reproduce images in color.

[144]The logo is often erroneously referred

to as a tribute to Alan Turing, with the bite mark a reference to his method of suicide.[145] Boththe designer of the logo and the company deny that there is any homage to Turing in the designof the logo.[146][147]

In 1998, with the roll-out of the new iMac, Apple discontinued the rainbow theme and began touse monochromatic themes, nearly identical in shape to its previous rainbow incarnation, onvarious products, packaging and advertising.

The original Apple logofeaturing Isaac Newtonunder the fabled appletree.

The rainbow "bitten" logo, usedfrom late 1976 until replaced in1998 by monochrome themes usingthe same shape.

The monochrome logo is still used.AnAqua themed version was usedfrom 20012003, and a Glassthemed version from 2003.

Slogans

Main article:List of Apple Inc.slogans

Apple's first slogan, "Byte into an Apple", was coined in the late 1970s.[148] From 19972002,Apple used the slogan Think Different in advertising campaigns. The slogan had a lasting impact

on their image and revived their popularity with the media and customers. Although the sloganhas been retired, it is still closely associated with Apple.[149] Apple also has slogans for specificproduct lines for example, "iThink, therefore iMac" was used in 1998 to promote theiMac,[150] and "Say hello to iPhone" has been used in iPhone advertisements.[151] "Hello" wasalso used to introduce the original Macintosh,Newton, iMac ("hello (again)"), and iPod.[152]

Commercials


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See also: 1984 (advertisement),Lemmings (advertisement),iPodadvertising,andmusic used byApple Inc.

Apple's product commercials gained fame for launching musicians into stardom as a result oftheir eye-popping graphics and catchy tunes.[153] First, the company popularized Canadian singer

Feist's "1234" song in its ad campaign.

[153]

Then Apple used the song "New Soul" by French-Israeli singer-songwriterYael Naim to promote the MacBook Air.[153] The debut single shot tothe top of the charts and sold hundreds of thousands of copies in a span of weeks.[153] Apple thenused Miss Li's song Bourgeois Shangri-La to advertise the new iPod nano (nano shoots video).

Environmental record

Greenpeace, an environmental organization, has confronted Apple on various environmentalissues, including promoting a global end-of-life take-back plan, non-recyclable hardwarecomponents, and toxins within the iPhone hardware.[154][155] Since 2003 they have campaignedagainst Apple regarding their chemical policies, in particular the inclusion ofPVC and BFRs in

their products, both of which have serious negative health effects.[154] At the 2007 MacworldExpo, Greenpeace presented a critique of Apple. Rick Hind, the legislative director ofGreenpeace's toxics campaign, said, "(The company) is getting greener, but not green enough."Hind commented further, "The Macbook Air has less toxic PVC plastic and less toxic BFRs, butit could have zero and that would make Apple an eco-leader."[156] On May 2, 2007, Steve Jobsreleased a report announcing plans to eliminate PVC and BFRs by the end of 2008.

[157][158]Apple

has eliminated toxic vinyl plastic (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) across itsproduct range.[159] It became the first laptop maker to remove PVC and BFRs.[160]

In Greenpeaces Guide to Greener Electronics that scores electronics manufacturers on theirpolicies regarding toxic chemicals, recycling and climate change, Apple ranked 5th out of 18

leading electronic makers in May 2010 with a score of 4.9/ 10.[161] Greenpeace criticises forexample that Apple has yet to make a statement on the need for mandatory greenhouse gasemissions reductions.[162] In the first edition, released in August 2006, Apple scored 2.7/10.[163]

In May 2008, Climate Counts, a nonprofit organization dedicated to directing consumers towardthe greenest companies, gave Apple 11 points out of a possible 100, which placed the companylast among electronics companies. Climate Counts also labeled Apple with a "stuck icon," andthe environmental group added that Apple was "a choice to avoid for the climate consciousconsumer."[18] By 2010, Apple had earned a score of 52 / 100, which puts Apple in their topcategory "Striding"[164]

The Environmental Protection Agency rates Apple highest amongst producers of notebookcomputers, and fairly well compared to producers of desktop computers and LCDdisplays.[165][166]

In June 2007, Apple upgraded the MacBook Pro, replacing cold cathode fluorescent lamp(CCFL) backlit LCD displays with mercury-free LED backlit LCD displays and arsenic-freeglass,[167] and has since done this for all notebooks. Apple has also phased out BFRs and PVCsfrom various internal components.

[157][168][169]Apple also offers detailed information about the


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emissions, materials, and electrical usage of each product.[170] Apple has also begun to advertisehow environmentally friendly their new laptops are with television spots and magazine ads alongwith stating these facts on their website.

[citation needed]

In June 2009, Apple's iPhone 3GS was free of PVC, arsenic, BFR's and had an efficient power

adapter.

[171]

In October 2009, Apple upgraded the iMac and MacBook, replacing the cold cathode fluorescentlamp (CCFL) backlit LCD displays with mercury-free LED backlit LCD displays and arsenic-free glass.[172] This means all Apple computers have mercury free LED backlit displays, arsenic-free glass and are without PVC cables. All Apple computers also have EPEAT Gold status.[171]

Events and Press Conferences

Apple, and Steve Jobs in particular, are known to regularly host press conferences or 'events'throughout the year. These are closely followed and live blogged by major technology websites

such as Engadget and Gizmodo. These events are usually to introduce new products or productupdates. They usually last from 1-2 hours in length.

For the first time, on 1st September 2010, Apple live streamed their event to Safari 5 users on aMac. All recent events have been available to view on their website. [173]

Below are a list of regular events, which occur generally around the same time every year.

Approximate date Event subject

January Latest Creation: 'innovative' new product. e.g. iPad, Macbook air

July WWDC: used foriPhone release and updates recently

September Music Event: iPod refresh

October Mac event: Mac refresh and Mac OS X updates.

Recent and Up and Coming Events

Apple's most recent event, on 1st September 2010, was a refresh to the whole (excluding iPodClassic) range, and a major update to the Apple TV.

Their next event is scheduled for 20th October 2010, and is entitled 'Back to the Mac' [174]

WWDC

Apple yearly hosts their summer developers event titled WWDC or World Wide DevelopersConference. This has been used in the last few years to introduce and update the iPhone. Also at


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that event are many smaller conferences for events, such as developer tutorials, and in 2010, apreview ofXcode 4 was shown.

Labor practices

Furtherinformation:Apple labor practices

In 2006, the Mailon Sunday reported that sweatshop conditions existed in factories in China,where the contract manufacturers, Foxconn and Inventec, operate the factories that produce theiPod.[175] The article stated that one complex of factories that assemble the iPod, among otheritems, for instance, had over 200,000 workers that lived and worked in the factory, with workersregularly doing more than 60 hours of labor per week. The article also reported that workersmade around $100 per month were required to live on the premises and pay for rent and foodfrom the company, which generally amounted to a little over half of workers' earnings.[17][176][177]

Immediately after the allegations, Apple launched an investigation and worked with their

manufacturers to ensure that conditions were acceptable to Apple.[178] In 2007, Apple startedyearly audits of all its suppliers regarding worker's rights, slowly raising standards and pruningsuppliers that did not comply. Yearly progress reports have been published since 2008.[179] In2010, workers in China planned to sue iPhone contractors over poisoning by a cleaner used toclean LCD screens. One worker claimed that they were not informed of possible occupationalillnesses.

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