chapter iv results and discussions 4.1...

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 OVERVIEW

This chapter deals with the analysis of data collected from the samples under study.

This research was to find out the effect of varied packages of yogic practices on selected

motor ability physiological hematological and bio-chemical variables among college men

students. To facilitate the study 90 subjects were randomly selected from Rajapalayam

Raju’s college, Rajapalayam, for the purpose of this study. Their age was between 18 – 25

years. They were assigned into three groups, group one served as Swami Satyananda

Saraswati Yogic Practices group, group two served as Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic

Practices group and third one as control group.

The study was formulated as a true random group design, consisting of a pretest and

post test. The subjects (n=90) were randomly assigned to the equal groups of 30 subjects

each. The groups were assigned as experimental group I, experimental group II and control

group. Pretest were conducted for all the subjects on selected motor ability such as

flexibility, muscular strength and cardio vascular endurance and physiological variables

such as resting pulse rate, vital capacity, and Vo2 Max and hematological variables such as

RBC Count (Red Blood Cell Count), WBC Count (White Blood Cell Count) and platelets

count and bio-chemical variables such as blood sugar, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and

low density lipoprotein (LDL). The Experimental groups participated in their respective

Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic

Practice group for a period of 12 weeks.

The post tests were conducted on the above said dependent variables after a period

of 12weeks in the respective treatments. The differences between the initial and final scores

in selected motor ability, physiological, hematological and bio-chemical variables were

subject to statistical treatment using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to find out whether

the mean differences were significant or not.

173

4.2 TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE

As Clarke and Clarke, (1972) say, “These data must be analyzed in an appropriate

to the research design. Such analysis can only be appropriate to the research design. Such

analysis can only be accomplished through the application of pertinent statistics.

This is the vital portion of thesis achieving the conclusion by examining the

hypothesis. The procedure of testing the hypothesis was either by accepting the hypotheses

or rejection the same in accordance with the results obtained in relation to the level of

confidents.

The test was usually called the test of significance since we test whether the

difference between three groups or with in many groups scores were significant or not. In

the study, if they obtained F value were greater than the table value, the null hypothesis

were rejected to the effect that there existed significant difference among the means of the

groups compared and if they obtained F value were lesser than the table value. Then the null

hypotheses were accepted to the effect that there existed no significant differences among

the means of the groups under study.

4.2.1 LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of varied packages of yogic

practices on selected motor ability, physiological, hematological and bio-chemical variables

among college men students. The selected variables were, motor ability such as flexibility,

muscular strength and cardio vascular endurance and physiological variables such as resting

pulse rate, vital capacity, and VO2 Max and hematological variables such as RBC Count

(Red Blood Cell Count), WBC Count (White Blood Cell Count), and platelets count, and

bio-chemical variables such as blood sugar, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density

lipoprotein (LDL) the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)was used to find out the significant

differences if any different between the groups on selected criterion variables separately. In

all the cases , 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test of significance, which was

considered as appropriate in this study, if they obtained F value were greater than the table

value, the null hypotheses were rejected to the effect that there existed significant difference

174

among the means of the groups compared and if they obtained F value were lesser than the

table value at 0.05 level the null hypothesis were accepted to the effect that there existed to

significant differences among the means of the groups under study.

4.3 COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE AND SCHEFFE’S POST

HOC TEST

4.3.1 RESULTS OF MOTOR ABILITY VARIABLE FLEXIBILITY

The statistical analysis compare the initial and final means of flexibility assessed

through sit and reach test due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group and

Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group on college men Students presented in

Table V.

TABLE V

COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE OF FLEXIBILITY

(Total scores in centimeters)

Test EXP.GP 1 EXP.GP 2 Control GP SOV SS df MS F

B 4.02 2 2.011 Pre test

Mean 24.3 24.80 24.67

W 133.77 87 1.54 1.31

B 225.87 2 112.93 Post test

Mean 29.63 28.90 25.97

W 456.63 87 5.25 21.52*

B 253.29 2 126.64 Adjusted

Post test

mean

29.91 28.69 25.89 W 329.580 86 3.83

33.06*

*Significant at 0.05 level of confidence.

(The table value required for 0.05 level of significance with F 2, 87 and 2, 86 are 3.103 and

3.103 respectively)

175

As shown in table V, the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 1.31

was lesser than the required F value of 3.103, which proved that the random assignment of

the subject were successful and their scores in flexibility before the training were equal and

there was no significant differences. The analysis of posttest means proved that the obtained

F value 21.52 was greater than the required F value of 3.103 to be significance at 0.05

levels. Taking into consideration of the pretest and posttest means the adjusted posttest

means were done and the obtained F value of 33.06 was greater than the required F value of

3.103 hence it was accepted that the Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group and

Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly increased the flexibility.

Since the significant differences were recorded, the results were subjected to post

hoc analysis using scheffe’s confidence Interval test. The results are presented in table VI.

TABLE VI

SCHEFFE’S CONFIDENCE INTERVAL TEST SCORES ON FLEXIBILITY

MEANS

EXP.GP 1 EXP.GP 2 CONTROL GP

MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

29.91 28.69 - 1.22 1.26

29.91 - 25.89 4.02* 1.26

- 28.69 25.89 2.80* 1.26

*significant at .05 level of confidence

Table VI shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in flexibility between

EXP.GP 1 and CG and between EXP.GP 2 and CG are 4.02 and 2.8, respectively which

were statistically significant at 0.05 level of confidence. The adjusted post-test mean

difference in flexibility between EXP GP 1 and Exp GP 2 was 1.22 which was less than the

confidence interval value at 0.05 level.

The ordered adjusted means are presented through bar diagram on ordered adjust

means of the result of this study in Figure I.

176

4.3.1.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF FLEXIBILITY

The result of the study on flexibility indicates that all the experimental groups

namely EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2 brought about significant improvement after the training.

The analysis of the data indicates that there was no significant difference on flexibility

between EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2. Based on the mean value, the Swami Satyananda

Saraswati Yogic Practice group was found to be better in increasing the level of flexibility

than the Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. Systematic yogic practices training

improve the flexibility. The result of this study on flexibility has in line with the study

conducted by Rajakumar, (2010).

4.3.2 RESULTS OF MOTOR ABILITY VARIABLE MUSCULAR STRENGTH

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of muscular strength

assessed through push-ups test due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group,

and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group on college men Students presented in

Table VII.

177

TABLE VII

COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE OF

MUSCULAR STRENGTH

(Total scores in numbers)


B 18.02 2 9.01 Pre test

Mean 24.7 25.73 24.90

W 6538.87 87 75.16 0.12

B 581.09 2 290.54 Post test

Mean 31.57 30.33 25.67

W 6562.70 87 75.43 3.85*

B 570.26 2 285.13 Adjusted

Post test

mean

31.97 29.73 25.87 W 316.68 86 3.68

77.43*



3.103 respectively)

As shown in table VII, obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 0.12 was

lesser than the required F value of 3.103, which proved that the random assignment of the

subject were successful and their scores in Muscular Strength before the training were equal

and there was no significant differences. The analysis of posttest means proved that the

obtained F value 3.85 was greater than the required F value of 3.103 to be significant at 0.05

levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest and posttest means the adjusted

posttest means were done and the obtained F value of 77.43 was greater than the required F

value of 3.103 hence it was accepted that the Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice

group and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly increased the

Muscular Strength.

Since the significant differences were recorded, the result was subjected to post hoc

analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table VIII.

178

TABLE VIII

SCHEFFE’S CONFIDENCE INTERVAL TEST SCORES ON

MUSCULAR STRENGTH

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

31.97 29.73 - 2.24* 1.23

31.97 - 25.87 6.10* 1.23

- 29.73 25.87 3.85* 1.23


Table VIII shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in muscular strength

between EXP.GP 1 and EXP. GP 2, EXP.GP 1 and CG and between EXP. GP 2 and control

group are 2.24, 6.10 and 3.85, respectively which were statistically significant at 0.05 level

of confidence.

The ordered adjusted means are presented through bar diagram for better

understanding of the result of this study in Figure II.

179

4.3.2.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF MUSCULAR STRENGTH

The result of the study on muscular strength indicates that all the experimental

groups namely EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2 brought about significant improvement after the

training. The results of the study indicate that there was a significant difference on muscular

strength between the EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2. However, Swami Satyananda Saraswati

Yogic Practice group was found to be better in improving on muscular strength than the

Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. The result of this study on muscular

strength has in line with the study conducted by Chen, et.al. (2009).

4.3.3 RESULTS OF MOTOR ABILITY VARIABLE CARDIO VASCULAR

ENDURANCE

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of Cardio Vascular

Endurance assessed through 12 Minutes Run/walk (Cooper test) due to Swami Satyananda

Saraswati Yogic Practice group, and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group on

college men Students presented in Table IX.

TABLE IX COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE OF

CARDIO VASCULAR ENDURANCE (Total scores in Meters)


B 40055.56 2 20027.78 Pre test

Mean 2685 2736.67 2710.00

W 5652416.67 87 64970.31 0.31

B 450055.56 2 225027.78 Post test

Mean 2888.33 2870.00 2730.00

W 5009416.67 87 57579.50 3.91*

B 504832.20 2 252416.10 Adjusted

Post test

mean

2911.77 2846.05 2730.51 W 255474.12 86 2970.63

84.97*



3.103 respectively)

180

As shown in table IX the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 0.31

was lesser then the required F value of 3.103, which proved that the random assignment of

the subject were successful and their scores in Cardio Vascular Endurance before the

training were equal and there was no significant differences. The analysis of posttest means

proved that the obtained F value 3.91 was greater than the required F value of 3.103 to be

significant at 0.05 levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest means the

adjusted posttest means were done and the obtained F value of 84.97 was greater than the

required F value of 3.103 hence it was accepted that the Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic

Practice group and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly increased

the Cardio Vascular Endurance.


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table X.

TABLE X


CARDIO VASCULAR ENDURANCE

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

2911.77 2846.05 - 65.72* 35.04

2911.77 - 2730.51 181.26* 35.04

- 2846.05 2730.51 115.54* 35.04


Table X shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in cardio vascular

endurance between EXP.GP 1 and EXP. GP 2, EXP.GP 1 and CG and between EXP. GP 2

and control group are 65.72, 181.26 and 115.54, respectively which were statistically

significant at 0.05 level of confidence.


understanding of the result of this study in Figure III.

181

4.3.3.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF CARDIO VASCULAR ENDURANCE

The result of the study on cardio vascular endurance indicates that all the

experimental groups namely EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2 brought about significant

improvement after the training. The result of the study indicates that there was a significant

difference on cardio vascular endurance between the EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2. However,

Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group was found to be better in increasing of

cardio vascular endurance than Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. The result

of this study on cardio vascular endurance has in line with the study conducted by Hagins,

Moore and Rundle, (2007).

4.3.4 RESULTS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLE RESTING PULSE RATE

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of Resting Pulse Rate

assessed through Digital Heart Rate Measuring Machine test due to Swami Satyananda

Saraswati Yogic Practice group, and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group on

college men Students presented in Table XI.

182

TABLE XI

COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE OF RESTING PULSE RATE

(Total scores in beats/minute)


B 132.16 2 66.08 Pre test

Mean 74.03 72.63 75.60

W 5565.13 87 63.97 1.03

B 862.69 2 431.34 Post test

Mean 68.67 68.80 75.30

W 3981.77 87 45.77 9.42*

B 466.94 2 233.47 Adjusted

Post test

mean

68.71 69.97 74.08 W 366.07 86 4.26

54.85*



3.103 respectively)

As shown in table XI the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 1.03


the subject were successful and their scores in Resting Pulse Rate before the training were

equal and there was no significant differences. The analysis of posttest means proved that

the obtained F value 9.42 was greater than the required F value of 3.103 to be significant at

0.05 levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest means the adjusted posttest



Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly decreased the Resting Pulse

Rate.


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table XII.

183

TABLE XII SCHEFFE’S CONFIDENCE INTERVAL TEST SCORES ON

RESTING PULSE RATE

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

68.71 69.97 - 1.26 1.33

68.71 - 74.08 5.37* 1.33

- 69.97 74.08 4.11* 1.33

*significant at 0.05 level of confidence

Table XII shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in resting pulse rate

between EXP.GP 1 and CG and between EXP.GP 2 and CG are 5.37 and 4.11, respectively

which were statistically significant at 0.05 level of confidence. The adjusted post-test mean

difference in resting pulse rate between EXP GP 1 and Exp GP 2 was 1.26 which was less

than the confidence interval value at 0.05 level.


understanding of the result of this study in Figure IV.

184

4.3.4.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF RESTING PULSE RATE

The result of the study on resting pulse rate indicates that all the experimental groups


The analysis of the data indicates that there was no significant difference on resting pulse

rate between EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2. Based on the mean value, the Swami Satyananda

Saraswati Yogic Practice group was better in decreasing the resting pulse rate than the

Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. Systematic yogic practices training

decrease the resting pulse rate. The result of this study on resting pulse rate has in line with

the study conducted by Kewal Krishan and Sudhir Kumar Sharma (2009).

4.3.5 RESULTS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLE VITAL CAPACITY

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of Vital Capacity

assessed through Spiro meter test due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group,

and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group on college men Students presented in

Table XIII.

TABLE XIII

COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE OF VITAL CAPACITY

(Scores in milliliters)


B 239055.56 2 119527.78 Pre test

Mean 3280 3311.67 3401.67

W 13943833.33 87 160273.95 0.75

B 6088666.67 2 3044333.33 Post test

Mean 4116.67 3860.00 3483.33

W 15835333.33 87 182015.33 16.73*

B 8023968.90 2 4011984.45 Adjusted

Post test

mean

4157.77 3875.64 3426.59 W 6815397.16 86 79248.80

50.63*



3.103 respectively).

185

As shown in table XIII the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 0.75


the subject were successful and their scores in Vital Capacity before the training were equal


obtained F value 16.73 was greater than the required F value of 3.103 to be significant at

0.05 levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest means the adjusted posttest



Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly increased the Vital Capacity.


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table XIV.

TABLE XIV

SCHEFFE’S CONFIDENCE INTERVAL TEST SCORES ON VITAL CAPACITY

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

4157.77 3875.64 - 282.14* 180.99

4157.77 - 3426.59 731.19* 180.99

- 3875.64 3426.59 449.05* 180.99


Table XIV shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in vital capacity

between EXP.GP 1 and EXP. GP 2, EXP.GP 1 and CG and between EXP. GP 2 and control

group are 282.14, 731.19 and 449.05, respectively which were statistically significant at

0.05 level of confidence.


understanding of the result of this study in Figure V.

186

4.3.5.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF VITAL CAPACITY

The result of the study on vital capacity indicates that all the experimental groups


The results of the study indicate that there was a significant improvement difference in vital

capacity between the EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2. However, Swami Satyananda Saraswati

Yogic Practice group was found to be better in increasing of vital capacity than Swami

Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. The result of this study on vital capacity has in line

with the study conducted by Anurodh Singh Sisodia and Satendra Singh Tomar (2009).

4.3.6 RESULTS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLE VO2 MAX

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of VO2 Max assessed

through bench step test due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group, and

Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group on college men Students presented in

Table XV.

187

TABLE XV

COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE OF VO2 MAX

(Total scores in ml/kg/min)


B 48.51 2 24.26 Pre test

Mean 47.05 48.13 46.34

W 1128.10 87 12.97 1.87

B 528.55 2 264.28 Post test

Mean 51.50 51.65 46.43

W 1270.70 87 14.61 18.09*

B 318.40 2 159.20 Adjusted

Post test

mean

51.61 50.75 47.22 W 262.99 86 3.06

52.06*



3.103 respectively)

As shown in table XV the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 1.87


the subject were successful and their scores in VO2 Max before the training were equal and

there was no significant differences. The analysis of posttest means proved that the obtained

F value 18.09 was greater than the required F value of 3.103 to be significant at 0.05 levels.

Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest means the adjusted posttest means

were done and the obtained F value of 52.06 was greater than the required F value of 3.103

hence it was accepted that the Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group and

Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly increased the VO2 Max.


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table XVI.

188

TABLE XVI

SCHEFFE’S CONFIDENCE INTERVAL TEST SCORES ON VO2 MAX

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

47.22 51.61 - 0.87 1.12

47.22 - 50.75 4.39* 1.12

- 51.61 50.75 3.53* 1.12


Table XVI shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in VO2 Max between

EXP.GP 1 and CG and between EXP.GP 2 and CG are 4.39 and 3.53, respectively which

were statistically significant at 0.05 level of confidence. The adjusted post-test mean

difference in VO2MAX between EXP GP 1 and Exp GP 2 was 0.87 which was less than the



understanding of the result of this study in Figure VI.

189

4.3.6.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF VO2 MAX

The result of the study on VO2 Max indicates that all the experimental groups


The analysis of the data indicates that there was no significant difference on VO2 Max


Saraswati Yogic Practice group was better in increasing the VO2Max than the Swami

Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. Systematic yogic practices training improve the

VO2 MAX. The result of this study on VO2 Max has in line with the study conducted by

Ray, et al., (2001).

4.3.7 RESULTS OF HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLE RBC COUNT (RED BLOOD

CELL COUNT)

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of RBC Count (Red

Blood Cell Count) assessed through Blood Test (Lab) due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati

Yogic Practice group, and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group on college men

Students presented in Table XVII.

TABLE XVII


RBC COUNT (RED BLOOD CELL COUNT)

(Scores in million/cu mm)


B 0.83 2 0.42 Pre test Mean

4.58 4.52 4.35 W 22.60 87 0.26

1.61

B 6.52 2 3.26 Post test Mean 5.02 4.88 4.39

W 19.27 87 0.22 14.72*

B 3.03 2 1.52 Adjusted Post test mean

4.94 4.84 4.51 W 2.80 86 0.03

46.64*

*Significant at 0.05 level of confidence. (The table value required for 0.05 level of significance with F 2, 87 and 2, 86 are 3.103 and 3.103 respectively)

190

As shown in table XVII the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 1.61


the subject were successful and their scores in RBC Count (Red Blood Cell Count) before

the training were equal and there was no significant differences. The analysis of posttest

means proved that the obtained F value 14.72 was greater than the required F value of 3.103

to be significant at 0.05 levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest means

the adjusted posttest means were done and the obtained F value of 46.64 was greater than

the required F value of 3.103 hence it was accepted that the Swami Satyananda Saraswati

Yogic Practice group and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly

increased the RBC Count (Red Blood Cell Count).


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table XVIII.

TABLE XVIII


RBC COUNT (RED BLOOD CELL COUNT)

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

4.94 4.84 - 0.10 0.12

4.94 - 4.51 0.44* 0.12

- 4.84 4.51 0.34* 0.12


Table XVIII shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in RBC Count



difference in RBC Count between EXP GP 1 and Exp GP 2 was 0.10 which was less than

the confidence interval value at 0.05 level.


understanding of the result of this study in Figure VII.

191

4.3.7.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF RBC COUNT (RED BLOOD CELL

COUNT)

The result of the study on RBC count indicates that all the experimental groups


The analysis of the data indicates that there was no significant difference on RBC count


Saraswati Yogic Practice group was better in increasing the level of RBC count than the

Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. Systematic yogic practices training increase

the RBC count. The result of this study on RBC Count (Red Blood Cell Count) has in line

with the study conducted by Yoga, Abirami Kiruthiga and Elangovan, (2011).

192

4.3.8 RESULTS OF HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLE WBC COUNT (WHITE

BLOOD CELL COUNT)

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of WBC Count (White

Blood Cell Count) assessed through Blood Test (Lab) due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati


Students presented in Table XIX.

TABLE XIX


WBC COUNT (WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT)

(Scores in cells/cu mm)


B 840666.67 2 420333.33 Pre test

Mean 9555 9441.67 9318.33

W 100264583.33 87 1152466.48 0.36

B 9410480.00 2 4705240.00 Post test

Mean 10080 9900.00 9322.00

W 89947080.00 87 1033874.48 4.55*

B 5063993.47 2 2531996.74 Adjusted

Post test

mean

9971.66 9896.90 9433.43 W 3486890.97 86 40545.24

62.45*



3.103 respectively)

As shown in table XIX the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 0.36


the subject were successful and their scores in WBC Count (White Blood Cell Count) before

the training were equal and there was no significant differences. The analysis of posttest

means proved that the obtained F value 4.55 was greater than the required F value of 3.103

to be significant at 0.05 levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest means

the adjusted posttest means were done and the obtained F value of 62.45 was greater than

193

the required F value of 3.103 hence it was accepted that the Swami Satyananda Saraswati

Yogic Practice group and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly

increased the WBC Count (White Blood Cell Count).


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table XX.

TABLE XX


WBC COUNT (WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT)

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

9971.66 9896.90 - 74.76 129.46

9971.66 - 9433.43 538.23* 129.46

- 9896.90 9433.43 463.47* 129.46


Table XX shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in WBC count between

EXP.GP 1 and CG and between EXP.GP 2 and CG are 538.23 and 463.47, respectively


difference in WBC count between EXP GP 1 and Exp GP 2 was 74.76 which was less than

the confidence interval value at 0.05 level.


understanding of the result of this study in Figure VIII.

194

4.3.8.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF WBC COUNT (WHITE BLOOD

CELL COUNT)

The result of the study on WBC count indicates that all the experimental groups


The analysis of the data indicates that there was no significant difference on WBC count


Saraswati Yogic Practice group was better in increasing the level of WBC count than the

Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. Systematic yogic practices training improve

the WBC count. The result of this study on WBC Count (White Blood Cell Count) has in

line with the study conducted by Kasundra, Thumar, and Mungra, (2010).

4.3.9 RESULTS OF HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLE PLATELETS COUNT

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of Platelets Count

assessed through Blood Test (Lab) due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice

group, and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group on college men Students

presented in Table XXI.

195

TABLE XXI

COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE OF PLATELETS COUNT

(Scores in lakhs/cu mm)


B 0.08 2 0.04 Pre test

Mean 3.19 3.24 3.17

W 19.59 87 0.23 0.18

B 2.64 2 1.32 Post test

Mean 3.59 3.55 3.21

W 12.80 87 0.15 8.99*

B 2.29 2 1.15 Adjusted

Post test

mean

3.60 3.52 3.23 W 1.96 86 0.02

50.28*



3.103 respectively)

As shown in table XXI the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 0.18


the subject were successful and their scores in Platelets Count before the training were equal



levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest means the adjusted posttest



Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly increased the Platelets Count.


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table XXII.

196

TABLE XXII


PLATELETS COUNT

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

3.60 3.52 - 0.09 0.10

3.60 - 3.23 0.37* 0.10

- 3.52 3.23 0.29* 0.10


Table XXII shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in Platelets Count



difference in Platelets Count between EXP GP 1 and Exp GP 2 was 0.09 which was less

than the confidence interval value at 0.05 level.


understanding of the result of this study in Figure IX.

197

4.3.9.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF PLATELETS COUNT

The result of the study on Platelets Count indicates that all the experimental groups


The analysis of the data indicates that there was no significant difference on Platelets Count


Saraswati Yogic Practice group was better in increasing the level of Platelets Count than the

Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. Systematic yogic practices training increase

the Platelets Count. The result of this study on platelets has in line with the study conducted

by Yoga, Abirami Kiruthiga and Elangovan, (2011).

4.3.10 RESULTS OF BIO-CHEMICAL VARIABLE BLOOD SUGAR

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of Blood Sugar

assessed through Blood Test (Lab) due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice

group, and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group on college men Students

presented in Table XXIII.

TABLE XXIII

COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE OF BLOOD SUGAR

(Scores in mg/dl)



99 98.43 97.17 W 7861.53 87 90.36

0.29

B 1078.87 2 539.43 Post test Mean

88.7 89.63 96.47 W 5458.73 87 62.74

8.60*

B 1454.65 2 727.33 Adjusted Post test

mean

88.09 89.46 97.25 W 945.734 86 11.00

66.14*



3.103 respectively)

198

As shown in table XXIII the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 0.29


the subject were successful and their scores in Blood Sugar before the training were equal



levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest means the adjusted posttest



Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly decreased the Blood Sugar.


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table XXIV.

TABLE XXIV

SCHEFFE’S CONFIDENCE INTERVAL TEST SCORES ON BLOOD SUGAR

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

88.09 89.46 - 1.36 2.13

88.09 - 97.25 9.16* 2.13

- 89.46 97.25 7.79* 2.13


Table XXIV shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in blood sugar



difference in flexibility between EXP GP 1 and Exp GP 2 was 1.36 which was less than the



understanding of the result of this study in Figure X.

199

4.3.10.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF BLOOD SUGAR

The result of the study on blood sugar indicates that all the experimental groups

namely EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2 brought about significant decrease after the training. The

analysis of the data indicates that there was no significant difference on blood sugar between

EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2. Based on the mean value, the Swami Satyananda Saraswati

Yogic Practice group was better in decreasing the level of blood sugar than the Swami

Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group. Systematic yogic practices training decrease the

blood sugar. The result of this study on blood sugar has in line with the study conducted by

Selvalakshmi and Yogaraj (2009).

4.3.11 RESULTS OF BIO-CHEMICAL VARIABLE HIGH DENSITY

LIPOPROTEIN (HDL)

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of High Density

Lipoprotein (HDL) assessed through Blood Test (Lab) due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati


Students presented in Table XXV.

200

TABLE XXV


HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL)

(Scores in mg/dl)


B 138.47 2 69.233 Pre test Mean 46.57 45.20 48.23

W 4775.53 87 54.89 1.26

B 449.067 2 224.533 Post test Mean 53.77 50.83 48.30

W 3931.18 87 45.193 4.97*

B 747.607 2 373.803 Adjusted Post test

mean 53.85 52.06 46.99

W 593.361 86 6.9 54.18*



3.103 respectively)

As shown in table XXV the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means 1.26


the subject were successful and their scores in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) before the

training were equal and there was no significant differences. The analysis of posttest means

proved that the obtained F value 4.97 was greater than the required F value of 3.103 to be

significant at 0.05 levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and posttest means the

adjusted posttest means were done and the obtained F value of 54.18 was greater than the

required F value of 3.103 hence it was accepted that the Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic

Practice group and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group significantly increased

the High Density Lipoprotein (HDL).


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table XXVI.

201

TABLE XXVI


HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL)

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED CI

53.85 52.06 - 1.79* 1.69

53.85 - 46.99 6.86* 1.69

- 52.06 46.99 5.07* 1.69 *significant at .05 level of confidence

Table XXVI shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in HDL between

EXP.GP 1 and EXP. GP 2, EXP.GP 1 and CG and between EXP. GP 2 and control group

are 1.79, 6.86 and 5.07, respectively which were statistically significant at 0.05 level of

confidence.


understanding of the result of this study in Figure XI.

202

4.3.11.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

(HDL)

The result of the study on HDL indicates that all the experimental groups namely

EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2 brought about significant improvement after the training. The

results of the study indicate that there was a significant difference on HDL between the EXP

GP 1 and EXP GP 2. However, Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group was

found to be better in increasing the HDL level in blood than Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic

Practice group. The result of this study on High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) has in line with

the study conducted by Yogaraj, Ramaraj and Elangovan (2010).

4.3.12 RESULTS OF BIO-CHEMICAL VARIABLE LOW DENSITY

LIPOPROTEIN (LDL)

The statistical analysis comparing the initial and final means of Low Density

Lipoprotein (LDL) assessed through Blood Test (Lab) due to Swami Satyananda Saraswati


Students presented in Table XXVII.

TABLE XXVII


LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL)

(Scores in mg/dl)



140.3 139.23 138.40 W 2458.87 87 28.26

0.96

B 173.89 2 86.94 Post test Mean 134.5 135.00 137.67

W 2336.17 87 26.85 3.24*

B 373.84 2 186.92 Adjusted Post test mean

133.59 135.07 138.51 W 254.35 86 2.96

63.20*



3.103 respectively)

203

As shown in table XXVII the obtained F value on the scores of the pretest means

0.96 was lesser than the required F value of 3.103, which proved that the random

assignment of the subject were successful and their scores in Low Density Lipoprotein

(LDL) before the training were equal and there was no significant differences. The analysis

of posttest means proved that the obtained F value 3.24 was greater than the required F

value of 3.103 to be significant at 0.05 levels. Taking in to consideration of the pretest and

posttest means the adjusted posttest means were done and the obtained F value of 63.20 was

greater than the required F value of 3.103 hence it was accepted that the Swami Satyananda

Saraswati Yogic Practice group and Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice group

significantly decreased the Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL).


analysis using scheffe’s confidence interval test. The results are presented in table XXVIII.

TABLE XXVIII


LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL)

MEANS


MEAN

DIFFERENCE

REQUIRED

CI

133.59 135.07 - 1.48* 1.11 133.59 - 138.51 4.92* 1.11

- 135.07 138.51 3.44* 1.11 *significant at .05 level of confidence

Table XXVIII shows that the adjusted post-test mean difference in LDL between

EXP.GP 1 and EXP. GP 2, EXP.GP 1 and CG and between EXP. GP 2 and control group

are 1.48, 4.92 and 3.44, respectively which were statistically significant at 0.05 level of

confidence.


understanding of the result of this study in Figure XII.

204

4.3.12.1 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL)

The result of the study on LDL indicates that all the experimental groups namely

EXP GP 1 and EXP GP 2 brought about significant improvement after the training. The

results of the study indicate that there was a significant difference on LDL between the EXP

GP 1 and EXP GP 2. However, Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yogic Practice group was

found to be better in decreasing of LDL than Swami Vishnudevananda Yogic Practice

group. The result of this study on Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) has in line with the study

conducted by Saravanan, et al., (2010).

4.4 DISCUSSION ON HYPOTHESES

1. It was hypothesized that there would be significant improvement difference in the

selected motor ability, physiological, hematological and bio-chemical variables due

to the influence of varied packages of yogic practices than the control group among

college men students. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant

improvement in all the selected dependent variables due to the effect of varied

packages of yogic practices than the control group. Hence the first hypothesis was

completely accepted at 0.05 level of confidence with respect to all the motor ability,

physiological, hematological and bio-chemical variables.

205

2. It was hypothesized that there would be significant improvement difference between

the (varied packages of yogic practices) Swami Satyananda Saraswati yogic

practices and Swami Vishnudevananda yogic practices group on selected motor

ability, physiological, hematological and bio-chemical variables among college men

students. The second hypothesis was partially accepted at 0.05 level of confidence as

there was a significant improvement difference between the Satyananda Saraswati

and Swami Vishnudevananda yogic practice groups, with respect to variables such

as muscular strength, cardio vascular endurance, vital capacity, HDL and LDL. In

the remaining variables such as flexibility, resting pulse rate, VO2MAX, RBC count,

WBC count and platelets, there was no significant difference between the

Satyananda Saraswati and Swami Vishnudevananda yogic practice groups. In these

cases the null hypothesis was accepted at 0.05 level of confidence.

chapter iv results and discussions 4.1...

Documents