chapter iv data analysis -...
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS
This chapter gives description and explanation about the results of the
research. The results of this research are:
A. Kinds of Person Deixis Found in the Advertisements
According to the data, the researcher found that there are three kinds of
person deixis that found in Telkomsel and Indosat advertisements data namely
first person deixis, second person deixis, and third person deixis. The percentage
of those kinds of person deixis used in the data can be seen from the table 4.1
below:
Table 4.1 Kinds of Person Deixis Used Percentage
Kinds of Person Deixis Quantity (n) Precentage (%)First Person Deixis 6 42, 85Second Person Deixis 6 42,85Third Person Deixis 2 14,28Total 14 100, 00
From table 4.1 can be known that there are 6 first person deixis, 6 second
person deixis, and 2 third person deixis. Then, the percentage of first person deixis
used are same with the percentage of second person deixis used which is 6 person
deixis or 42, 85%. Meanwhile, the percentage of third person deixis is the lowest
which is only 2 person deixis or 14, 28%.
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In addition, person deixis used by the participants in the data is different. It
shows from the frequency of those person deixis used. It can be seen in the table
4.2 below:
Table 4.2 the Percentage of Person Deixis Used
Kinds of Person Deixis Frequency (n) Precentage (%)First Person Deixis 51 67, 10Second Person Deixis 19 25Third Person Deixis 6 7, 89Total 76 100, 00
Based on table 4.2, generally the data uses fist person deixis. It shows
from the frequency of fist person deixis used which is the highest percentage or
67, 10% while person deixis that is seldom used in the data is third person deixis
which has lowest percentage or 7, 89%. Moreover, person deixis used in the data
can be seen bellow:
1. First Person Deixis
There are 6 first person deixis that are found in the data. They are ku, aku,
saya, gue, kami and kita. First person deixis “ku” is possessive pronoun the
participants who become the addresser and first person deixis “ku” that are found
in the data are categorized as singular first person deixis. Then, first person deixis
“aku”, “gue” and “saya” are also categorized as singular first person deixis.
Meanwhile, first person deixis “kami” and “kita” that are found in the data are
categorized as plural first person deixis.
Moreover, first person deixis used that found in the data and the
percentage of their frequency can be seen in the table 4.3.
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Table 4.3 First Person Deixis Used
First Person Deixis Frequency (n) Percentage (%)Ku 10 19, 60Aku 27 52, 94Gue 10 19, 60Saya 1 1, 91Kita 2 3, 92Kami 1 1, 91Total 51 100, 00
By the table 4.3 can be known that fist person deixis which is mostly used
in the data is “aku” which has highest frequency 27 times or 52, 94%.
2. Second Person Deixis
The researcher found 6 second person dexis in the data namely mu, kamu,
loe, anda, bang, and you. Second person deixis “mu” that are found in the data
represent possessive pronoun of the participants who become the addressee.
Besides, second person deixis “mu” that are found in the data are categorized as
singular and plural second person deixis.
Moreover, second person “kamu”, “loe”, and “bang” that are found in
the data are categorized as singular second person deixis while second person
deixis “anda” and “you” that are found in the data are categorized as plural
second person deixis.
Furthermore, second person deixis used in the data can be seen in the table
4.4 below:
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Table 4.4 Second Person Deixis Used
Second Person Deixis Frequency (n) Precentage (%)Mu 2 10, 52Kamu 2 10, 52Loe 9 47, 36Bang 1 5, 2Anda 2 10, 52You 3 15, 78Total 19 100, 00
Table 4.4 shows that second person deixis that is often used in the data is
“loe” which has highest percentage or 47, 36%.
3. Third Person Deixis
There are two third person deixis that are found in the data namely dia and
mereka. Third person deixis “dia” that are found in the data categorized as
singular third person deixis, while third person deixis “mereka” are categorized as
plural third person deixis.
Moreover, Third person deixis used in the data can be seen in the table 4.5.
Table 4.5 Third Person Deixis Used
Third Person Deixis Frequency (n) Precentage (%)Dia 5 83, 33
Mereka 1 16, 66Total 6 100,00
According to table 4.5, third person deixis which is mostly used in the data
is “dia” which has highest percentage or 83, 33%.
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Additionally, person deixis used in Telkomsel and Indosat is different.
Telkomsel advertisements use more variety person deixis in the data, while
Indosat advertisement is not variety in using person deixis. It can be seen bellow:
4. Person Deixis Used in Telkomsel and Indosat
The researcher found person deixis used in Telkomsel is influenced by the
age of participants. It makes person deixis used in Telkomsel are more variety
then in Indosat advertisement. It shows from the table 4.6 below:
Table 4.6 Person Deixis Used in Telkomsel and Indosat
No.First Person Deixis Second Person
DeixisThird Person Deixis
Telkomsel Indosat Telkomsel Indosat Telkomsel Indosat1. Ku Ku Mu Mu Dia Dia2. Aku Aku - Kamu Mereka -3. Gue - Anda -4. Saya - Loe -5. Kita Kami Bang -6. - - You -
Table 4.6 shows person deixis used in Telkomsel is more variety than in
Indosat. In Telkomsel data, there are first person deixis singular person such as
“aku”, “saya”, and “gue”, while in Indosat data only there is first person deixis
singular person “aku”. In addition, the variety of person deixis used in Telkomsel
also can be seen in second person deixis used such as “Anda” and “Loe”.
Meanwhile, in Indosat is only found second person deixis “kamu”.
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B. Person Deixis Used Represent Participants
Before describing the representation of person deixis used, it needs to
explain general description about participant’s background such as sex and age in
order to get understanding about participants.
From the data, there are 28 participants who are involved in the data. They
are male and female. The percentage of participant’s sex can be seen in the table
4.7 below:
Table 4.7 the Percentage of Participant’s Sex
Sex Quantity (n) Percentage (%)Male 16 57, 14Female 12 42, 85Total 28 100
According to table 4.7 above, most of the participants who are involved in
Telkomsel and Indosat advertisements data are male which is 16 people or 57,
24%. Besides, there are 12 people or 42, 85% who are female.
Furthermore, the youngest participant who is involved in the videos is 14
years old while the oldest participant who is involved in the videos is 54 years old.
The parentage of participant’s age which using interval of age based on
Indonesian Central Agency on Statistics can be seen on the table 4.8 below:
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Table 4.8 the Percentage of Participant’s Age
Interval of age Quantity (n) Percentage (%)10-14 1 3, 5715-19 4 14, 2820-24 13 46, 4225-29 2 7, 1430-34 2 7, 1435-39 4 14, 2840-44 1 3, 5745-49 0 0,0050-54 1 3, 57Total 28 100,00
Table 4.8 shows that most of the participants are people age around 20-24
years old with the percentage 46, 42%.
In addition, the researcher uses additional data from internet to get more
information about participant’s background such as participant’s age, and
occupation. Then, the description of person dexis used represent participants can
be seen bellow:
1. Represent Possessive Pronoun of Participants
There are two person deixis which represent possessive pronoun of
participants namely person deixis “ku” and “mu”. Person deixis “ku” represent
possessive pronoun of the addresser while person deixis “mu” represents
possessive pronoun of the addressee. It can be seen in the following explanation:
a. Ku
“Ku” is categorized as singular first person deixis. Person deixis “ku”
represents possessive pronoun of the addresser in the video. Moreover, person
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deixis “ku” found in the data H.2, H.3, H.5, Mx, M.4, and Im.3. The
representation of possessive pronoun of addresser can be seen from following
data:
In the data H.2, there are three first person deixis “ku”. It can be seen from
the following example:
H.2.2 : Ruang kerjaku tersebar diseluruh penjuru dunia.
(My work place is spread in all around the worlds).
Data H.2.2 shows that “ku” in the data represents the participant who is
addresser in the video. The participant is a female named Nicoline Patricia
Malina. She is an Indonesia photographer who famous in all of the worlds. She
was born in Surabaya in 6 December 1984 (cited in http://profil-
biografiartis.blogspot.com/2013/07/profile-nicoline-patricia-malina.html), so her
age is 30 years old.
It can be known from the context of the situation in the video which is a
monologue from Nicoline Patricia. Data H.2.2 tells public that Nicoline Patricia’s
work place is spread all around the world.
In addition, the other example which shows possessive pronoun of the
addresser can be seen in data Im.3. In that data, first person deixis “ku” is used
two times. It shows from the following data:
(1) P1 : “kacamataku ilang………”
(My sunglasses disappear…)
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(2) P1 : “Upsss… Hpku ilang..!”
(Upss...My phone lose!)
Data (1) and (2) above show that “ku” in that video refers to possessive
pronoun of participant 1 (P1) who is a female named Nabila, one of personnel of
Indonesian girl band named JKT48. Her age is 15 years old (cited in http://jkt48-
ku.blogspot.com/2013/09/biodata-nabilah-ratna-ayu-azalia-jkt48.html).
The context of the video is Nabila was calling her friend uses phone. From
the context, meaning of the sentence in those data is Nabila’s sunglasses and
phone which are disappear or lost.
Additionally, data H.3 shows that first person deixis “ku” is used twice
which represent possessive pronoun of the addresser or participant who is
involved in the video. It can be seen from the data below:
H.3.2 : Modal utamaku, disiplin dan ketekunan.
(My main efforts are discipline and diligence.)
Data H.3.2 show that “ku” in that data represent the possessive pronoun of
the addresser which is a male named Joe Taslim. He is an Indonesian Judo athlete,
model, and actor. He was born at Palembang in 23 June 1981, so his age is 33
years old (as mention in http://berita-koranbekas.blogspot.com/2014/03/profil-
dan-biodata-joe-taslim.html). It shows from the context of the video which is a
monologue from him that tells public that he is a hard worker. Joe Taslim main
efforts are discipline and diligence.
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Furthermore first person deixis “ku” which shows possessive pronoun of
the addresser can be seen in data H.5. In data H.5, first person deixis “ku” is used
only once. It shows from the data below:
H.5.1 : Momen special buatku bukan hanya saat tertentu tapi setiap saat.
(Special moment for me is not only in certain moment but everytime.)
Data H.5.1 shows that first person deixis “ku” in the data represent the
addresser which is the participant who is involved in the video. The participant is
a male. From his appearance in the video, he looks around 35-39 years old and
looks like an office worker. It shows from his clothes that used necktie and he use
car when he go to somewhere. Besides, in the video he also was presenting his job
to his partner by online video. The context of the video shows that this video is a
monologue from him which tells public that every moment is special for him.
b. Mu
“Mu” is categorized as second person deixis. Person deixis “mu”
represents possessive pronoun of the addressee. From the data, person deixis
“mu” is found in data S.16, and M.2.
In data S.16, there is only one second person deixis “mu”. From that data,
second person deixis “mu” can be categorized as singular and plural second
person deixis. It is categorized as singular if the referent is the participant who is
involved in the video, but it is categorized as plural second person deixis if the
referent is public or general people who watch this video. It shows from the
following data.
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P2 : Pakai simpati freedom, nelpon beda operator nggak masalah.Apapun pilihanmu, makin seru dengan ngobrol tanpa batas ke semuaoperator.
(Use Simpati Freedom, Doesn’t matter to call the other cellular operators.Whatever your choice, it is more attractive with long last calling withoutlimitation to all cellular operators.)
According to the data, second person deixis “mu” is stated by participant 2
(P2). Participant 2 (P2) is a female named Sherina Munaf, an Indonesian singer.
She was born at Bandung in 1 June 1990 (as mention at
http://bioartiskita.blogspot.com/2013/02/biodata-dan-profil-sherina-munaf-
lengkap.html). So, her age is 24 years old.
Meanwhile, the referent of second person deixis “mu” is participant 1 (P1)
who is a female, named Indri Giana, an Indonesian actress. In this case, second
person deixis “mu” is categorized as singular second person deixis, because the
referent is only one person which is Indri Giana (P1). In the video, Sherina (P2)
gives suggestion to Indri Giana (P1) to use Simpati Freedom. By using Simpati
freedom, she can call her friend who use different cellular operator cheaper.
In another side, second person deixis “mu” also can be categorized as
plural second person deixis if the referent of “mu” is public or the society who
watch this video. It is because the data is an advertisement which shows to the
public, so the addresser of this video (P2) also give suggestion and communicate
to public or the society. The addresser uses second person deixis “mu” in order to
make close relation to the addressee.
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Another data which contains second person deixis “mu” is data M.2.
Based on that data, second person deixis “mu” is said by the participant who is
involved in the video. Second person deixis “mu” in this data is categorized as
plural second person deixis. It can be seen from the data below:
M.2.4 : Seperti Indosat Mentari baru yang diciptakan khusus untukmengoptimalkan smartphone mu!
(Like new Indosat mentari which is special design for make yourSmartphone optimally!)
Second person deixis “mu” in that data refers to public or the society who
watch the video. It is proven from the context of the data which is a monologue
from participants who is involved in the video which is a female named Anggun
C. Sasmi, an international singer who come from Indonesia.
From data M.2.4, second person deixis “mu” represents the addressee who
are public or the target market of this cellular operator. Then, the information
which can be infer is she gives suggestion to public to use Indosat Mentari to
make the Smartphone more optimal.
2. Represent Personal Pronoun of the Participants
Person deixis that are found represent personal pronoun of the participants.
They represent first personal pronoun, second personal pronoun, and third
personal pronoun. Person deixis that represent first personal pronoun is also
representing the addresser while person deixis that represent second personal
pronoun is also representing the addressee. In addition, person deixis which
represent third personal pronoun is also representing the people who become the
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object or topic of conversation in the video. Furthermore those person deixis that
represent personal pronoun of the participants can be seen in the following
description:
a. Represent First Personal Pronoun (The Addresser)
There are two kinds of personal pronoun of the addresser namely singular
and plural. Person deixis that is categorized as singular personal pronoun are
“aku”, “saya”, and “gue” while person deixis that is categorized as plural
personal pronoun are “kami” and “kita”.
(1) Aku
“Aku” is singular first person deixis. Person deixis “aku” is found in the
data H.2, H.3, H.4, H.5, A.9, Mx, M.4, Im.2, and Im.3. All of the data show that
first person deixis “aku” in those data refer to the addresser of the video. It can be
seen in the following example:
H.2.3 : Aku tak pernah diam dalam puas, hingga karyaku menembusdunia.
(I never quiet in satisfied until my creation spread in the worlds)
By the data H.2.3, first person deixis “aku” refers to a female named
Nicoline Patricia, a photographer from Indonesia. It is because the context of the
video is a monologue from her. The data means that Nicoline Patricia never quiet
in satisfied until her creation spread in the worlds.
Then, other data which contain first person deixis “aku” is data H.5. In
this data first person deixis “aku” is used three times which represent the
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participant who is involved in the video and become the addresser. It shows from
the following example:
H.5.4 : Saat aku bisa merasakan kecepatan karena diprioritaskan.
(When I can feel the swiftness because be the priority.)
The referent of first person deixis “aku” in data H.5.4 is the addresser
which is a male age around 35-39 years old. The meaning of the sentence in the
data is he tells to public that the participant (he) can feel the swiftness because
become the priority from being KartuHalo user.
Moreover, person deixis “aku” also found in data M4. In this data, person
deixis “aku” is used once. It can be seen from the following data:
M.4.2 : Aku bisa upload video dan lebih banyak foto disosial media.
(I can upload videos and more photos in social media.)
By the data above, first person deixis “aku” in this data represent the
addressee which is a female age around 25-29 years old. The context of the video
is she met her friend accidently in a restaurant. Then they recorded what they have
done and took picture together. After that she uploaded those videos and photos to
her social media. Then, the sentence in the data M.4.2 above means that the
participant (she) can upload videos and more photos in the social media.
Moreover, first person deixis “aku” that are found in the data indicate
close distance relationship and informal situation.
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(a) Indicate close distance relationship
Person deixis “aku” that indicate close distance relationship are found in
data Im2, Im3 and A9. Person deixis “aku” which indicate close distance
relationship in data Im2 can be seen below:
P2 : “Masih kangen kan..?” (menelpon si gadis ditengah rintik – rintikhujan)
(Still missing me? (Calling in the rain fall)
P1 : “Masih dong! Kamu kan udah aku anggep kakak sendiri!”(sambil tiduran dikamarnya)
(Yes of course! I regard you as my own brother! (In her bedroom)
By the data, can be known that the referent of first person deixis “aku” is
participant 1 (P1) who is a female, age around 20-24 years old. In the video, she
was doing conversation by phone with participant 2 (P2) that is a male, age
around 20-24 years old too.
Then, participant 1 (P1) declare that her friend, participant 2 (P2) like her
own brother. Besides, their close distance relationship is also proven from the
context of the video which shows that the participants who are involved look like
close friend who often talking by phone.
In addition, the other data that indicates close distance relationship can be
seen in data Im.3. The researcher found one data that contains first person deixis
“aku”. It can be seen in the following data:
P1 : “Oh iya…tas aku?”
(That’s right. My bag?)
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From the video, the researcher knows that the referent of first person
deixis “aku” in the data is participant 1 (P1) who is a female named Nabila. The
representation of person deixis “aku” in this video indicates close distance
relationship. It shows from the context of the video which shows participant 1
(Nabila) was calling her friend, participant 2 (P2) which is also a female named
Melody. Nabila (P1) and Melody (P2) are personnel of Indonesia girl band named
JKT48. They have close distance relationship as friend because they work
together as personnel of “JKT48”.
Moreover, they are friend so they use informal language in their
conversation. It can be seen in the following data:
P1 : “kacamataku ilang………”(My sunglasses disappear…)
P2 : “di kepala..”On your head..)
P1 : “Oh iya…tas aku?”(That’s right. My bag?)
By the data, informal language in their conversation can be seen from the
structure of those sentences in the data above. Furthermore, they also use person
deixis “ku” and “aku” that indicate close relationship and informal situation.
Moreover the other data which shows close distance relationship is found in
data A9. In data A.9 there are two first person deixis “aku”. According to the
video, participant 1 (P1) and participant 2 (P2) have close distance relationship
because in this video they represent as a couple. It is also proven from the use of
language which is informal.
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It can be seen below:
(1) P1 : Please jangan tinggalin aku la… (memegang tangan P2)
(Please, don’t leave me…. (holding her girl friend’s hand))
(2) P2 : Apa susahnya ngomong? (sambil mendorong P1)
Is it hard to talk??? (Push her boyfriend))
SMS ngga pernah, telpon ngga pernah… (menangis)
(Never SMS, never calling... (Crying))
(3) P1 : Aku ngga punya pulsa…(berteriak)
(I have no charge… (Screaming))
The data of their conversation above shows that they use informal
Indonesian language such as the words “tinggalin and “ngga” instead of
“meninggalkan” and “tidak”. Furthermore, data (1) and (3) contain person deixis
“aku”. In this video, first person deixis “aku” represent participant 1 (P1) who
utters that word. Person deixis “aku” in that conversation indicate close distance
relationship between them.
(b) Indicate informal situation
Person deixis “aku” which indicate informal situation can be seen in data
Mx, H.3 and H.4. In data Mx, there are 10 first person deixis “aku” which are
found. The referent of first person deixis “aku” in the data Mx is personal
pronoun of the addresser. It shows from the following data:
(1) Mx.1.5: Kenapa aku pilih indosat matrix?
(Why I choose Indosat Matrix?)
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(2) Mx.1.6: Karena aku bisa dapet cicilan, aku bisa dapet tagihanperbulan yang lebih hemat dan yang pasti aku bisa dapet bonus yangbanyak.
(Because I can get installment, I can get more economical claim eachmonth, and I can get many bonus.)
Data Mx.1.5 and Mx.1.6 show that the referent of first person deixis
“aku” is personal pronoun of the addresser who is a female named Felicia, an
employee of a company who is 28 years old. The context of the video is a
testimony from Felicia about Indosat Matrix and product HTC One. In the video,
she gives her testimony in informal situation which shows her relax time in a
room. So, she chooses person deixis “aku” in giving testimony.
According to the context of the video can be known that Felicia chooses
Indosat matrix because of many reason such as because Felicia can get
installment, more economical claim each month, and many bonus.
In addition, the other data which indicates informal situation is data H.3.
The researcher found two data that contain first person deixis “aku”. Person
deixis “aku” in this data also indicate informal situation of the addresser. It shows
from the following data:
H.3.1 : Aku bisa bekerja diamana saja.
(I can work everywhere.)
The data above shows that first person data “aku” represents to personal
pronoun of the addresser which is a male named Joe Taslim, an Indonesian Judo
athlete, model, and actor who is 33 years old (as mention in http://berita-
koranbekas.blogspot.com/2014/03/profil-dan-biodata-joe-taslim.html). It knows
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from the context of the video which is a monologue from him. The sentence in the
data shows that Joe Taslim can work everywhere. Person deixis “aku” in this data
indicates informal situation because the context of the video shows that he was
doing his various activity such as exercises.
Then, in data H.4 there is only one data which contains first person deixis
“aku” that indicates informal situation. It shows from the data below:
H.4.1 : Sebagai ayah, aku ingin memberikan yang terbaik untukkeluarga.
(As a father, I want giving the best for family.)
From the data H.4.1, first person deixis “aku” represents personal pronoun
of the addresser who is a male named Addie MS. He was born at Jakarta in 7
October 1959, so his age is 54 years old (cited in
http://www.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/a/addie_ms/). He is an Indonesian conductor
and famous musician. In this video, he describes doing monologue in informal
situation which shows many activities such as his togetherness with his family.
(2) Saya
“Saya” is singular first person deixis. Person deixis “saya” that is found
in data S.17. In that data, the researcher found that there are two participants who
are involved. Both of them are male. Participant 1 (P1) is a buyer who want to buy
food in the restaurant, his age around 20-24 years old. Then, participant 2 (P2) is a
waiter in a restaurant who has same age with participant 1 (P1).
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The video shows that the context of the situation happens in Jakarta at a
restaurant. Then, participant 1 (P1) feels confuse to choose the menu, he asks for
suggestion to participant 2 (P2). After that, participant 2 (P2) gives suggestion to
him (P1). In this video, there is only one data which shows person deixis “saya”.
It can be seen in the following data:
P2 : Saya tahu!
(I know!)
The data above shows that person deixis “saya” represents participant 2
(P2) or the waiter of a restaurant. Based on the video, the researcher knows that
the participants who are involved have far distance relationship. It can be seen in
the following conversation:
P1 : Ga jadi deh…Apa ya? (memminta saran) Bingung gue.
(Sorry, cancel... What? (Hoping suggestion to the waiter) I’mconfused.)
P2 : Saya tahu!
(I know!)
From the video, the researcher knows that P2 uses person deixis “saya” to
give suggestion to the customer (P1) who come in the restaurant that he works. In
the data above, the participants use different person deixis “saya” and “gue”. P1
(the customer) uses “gue”, then P2 (the waiter) uses “saya”. The choosing of
person deixis “saya” indicates far distance relationship. Participant 2 (P2)
chooses using “saya” in order to be polite to his customer.
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(3) Gue
Gue is singular first person deixis. The researcher found person deixis
“gue” in the data S.16, S.17, A.3, A.10, and A.11. Person deixis “gue” in those
data represent personal pronoun of the addresser.
According to data S.16, there is only one data which uses first person
deixis “gue”. It shows from the data below:
P1 : Dia itu beda, beda banget, pokoknya beda deh. Makanya guengga pernah nelpon dia! Uhhhh..huhhhh!!! (jengkel)
(He is different, really different, and absolutely different. It cause I nevercall him! Uhhhhh….huhhhh!!! (Angryly)
By the data above, the researcher knows that first person deixis “gue”
represent participant 1 (P1) who is a female named Indri Giana, an Indonesian
actress. The context of the video is a monologue from Indri Giana as participant 1
(P1) which responses by Sherina as participant 2 (P2). In that video, Indri Giana
was yarning about her friend who uses different cellular operator with her. Based
on the context, the information that can be gotten from the data above is Indri
Giana never calls her fiend because he uses different cellular operator with her.
Moreover, person deixsis “gue” is also found in data A3. There are two
data which used person deixis “gue” in data A3. It can be seen below:
P1 : Terus gue mesti koprol sambil bilang WOW gitu?(So, should I say “WoW”?)
Based on the data, the researcher knows that first person deixis “gue”
represents participant 1 (P1) who is a female, age around 21-24 years old.
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The other data which shows first person deixis “gue” in data A.3 can be
seen in the following data:
P2 : Terus gue harus koprol sambil bilang WOW gitu?
(So, should I say “Wow”?)
By the data, the researchers know that first person deixis “gue” in that
data represent personal pronoun of participant 2 (the addresser) which is also a
female, age around 21-24 years old.
Person deixis “gue” that are found in the data indicate informal situation
and indicate equality of age between participants. It can be seen in the following
description:
(a) Indicate Informal Situation
All of person deixis “gue” generally indicate informal situation. It can be
seen in following example person deixis “gue” in data A.11 below:
P1 : Masalah lah, gue juga gebet dia, tapi gue ngga punya pulsa.
(Yes, of course. I also attracted with her, but I have no charge.)
According to the data, person deixis “gue”represent participant 1 (P1)
who is a male age around 21-24 years old. The data above shows informal
situation because the context of the video is the conversation by two boys who are
doing jogging in the park. It means that the situation is informal situation.
(b) Indicate equality of age between participants
Person deixis “gue” also indicates equality of age between participants. It
can be seen in data A10. In this video, the researcher found that there are four
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participants who are involved. They are boys which are personnel of Indonesian
junior boy band named “Cowboy Junior”. Participant1 (P1) is Bastian who is 14
years old, Participant 2 (P2) is Kiky who is 16 years old, Participant 3 (P3) is Aldi
who is 15 years old and Participant 4 (P4) is Iqbal who is also 15 years old (as
mention at http://anpasgin.blogspot.com/2013/06/foto-dan-biodata-coboy-junior-
lengkap.html).
Based on the video, they have equality of age which is around 14-16 years
old that categorized as teenager’s age. The context of the situation in the video is
in the relax situation or informal situation which shows all of the participants who
are involved was busy with their phone. Person deixis “gue” in data A10 can be
seen in the following example:
P1 : Bang Kiki, abis maen game gue pinjem ya!
(Bro Kiky, after playing game, I borrow your phone please!
From the data above, the referent of first person deixis “gue” is participant
1 (P1) who is male, named Bastian, who is 14 years old. The meaning of the
sentence in the example of the data above is Bastian asked to his friend named
Kiky to borrow phone. In addition, the context of the situation in the video is in
the relax situation or informal situation which shows all of the participants who
are involved was busy with their phone. So they used first person deixis “gue”,
beside they have equality of age, and have close intimate relationship as friends.
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(4) Kita
“Kita” is plural first person deixis. This person deixis represent plural
personal pronoun. Person deixis “kita” is found in data H.6. It can be seen in the
data below:
H.6.1 : Indahnya hidup ini andai kita bisa kembali ke masa kecil.
(Life is beautiful if we could go back to childhood.)
Data H.6.1 shows that first person deixis “kita” in the data represent the
the addresser (a male, age around 35-39 years old) and public or all of the people
who watch the video. It is because the context of the data is a video of
advertisement that published in YouTube and also shows in the television. It
means that the video can be watched by all of people. The participant in the video
uses person deixis “kita” in order to make close relationship with the customer of
the cellular operator.
(5) Kami
“Kami” is plural first person deixis. The researcher found first person
deixis “kami” only in one data. It is in the data M.2. It can be seen in the data
below:
M.2.1 : Aku dilahirkan untuk musik, dan sejak itu kami tak pernahterpisahkan.
(I was born for music, and since that we never separated.)
By the context of the video M.2, the researcher knows that the referent of
first person deixis “kami” is Anggun C. Sasmi and music. It is because the
context of the video is a monologue from Anggun C. Sasmi. Based on the data
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above, the information that can be known is Anngun C. Sasmi states that she was
born for music, then since that she and music are never separated. So, first person
deixis “kami” represents Anggun C. Sasmi and music.
b. Represent Second Personal Pronoun (The Addressee)
Person deixis which represent the addressee is second person deixis. They
are “kamu”, “anda”, “loe”, “you”, and “bang”.
(1) Kamu
“Kamu” is categorized as singular second person deixis. The researcher
finds second person deixis “kamu” in the data Mx.1 and Im.2. In the data Mx.1,
second person deixis “kamu” uses only once. It shows from the following data:
Text: Darimana kamu tahu tentang HTC One?
(Who give you information about HTC One?)
From the data above, second person deixis “kamu” represent the addressee
in the video who is a female, age 28 years old, named Felicia. It is known from
the context of the video which is monologue of testimony from Felicia that begins
by the text which shows in the video. Second person deixis “kamu” in that text
represents Felicia, an employee who is 28 years old. It is because she is the
addressee of the question from the text then she gives her answer from that
question.
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In addition, other data that contains second person deixis “kamu” is data
Im.2. In that data, second person deixis “kamu” is also used once. It shows from
the data below:
P1 : “Masih dong! Kamu kan udah aku anggep kakak sendiri!”(sambil tiduran dikamarnya)
(Yes of course! I regard you as my own brother! (In her bedroom)
Based on the data above, the researcher knows that second person deixis
“kamu” is said by participant 1 (P1). Besides, the context of the video is a
dialogue between participant 1 (P1) with participant 2 (P2). So, it can be
concluded that second person deixis “kamu” in that data represents participant 2
(P2), which is a male, age around 21-24 years old which is friend of participant 1
(P1) .
Then, by the context of the video the sentence in the data above means that
participant1 (P1) regards participant 2 (P2) as her own brother. The participant
uses second person dexis “kamu” because the context of the video is informal
situation. Besides, the participants who are involved in the video have close
relationship as friend. So, second person deixis “kamu” indicates informal
situation and close distance relationship.
(2) Anda
The researcher finds second person deixis “anda” only in one data. It is in
the data H.6. According to that data, second person deixis “anda” is used twice.
Both of them are categorized as plural second person deixis. It can be seen in the
following data:
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H.6.5 : Kemanapun anda mau, anda bisa membuat hidup ini indahdengan seribu satu cara dari KartuHalo.
(Where ever you want, you can make this life beautiful with many waysfrom KartuHalo.)
Based on the data, the researcher knows that second person deixis “anda”
is said by participant who is involved in the video, which is a male age around 35-
39 years old that looks as an office worker. Then, person deixis “anda” in that
data represents public or the target of the market of this cellular operator. It is
because the context of the video is a monologue from the participant and the data
is an advertisement that shows to public or the target market. Furthermore, he uses
second person deixis “anda” because the participant who utters “anda” is
categorized as a mature person who is around 35-39 years old.
In addition, he chooses “anda” to point the addressee in order to be more
polite to the target market because the target of the market or the users of this
cellular operator are people who are from high socio economic class. It is known
from the description of the participants in the video who looks like a senior office
worker. It shows from his appearance that used necktie and neat clothes. He looks
as success office worker because in the video he used sophisticated phone.
(3) Loe
“Loe” is singular second person deixis. Second person deixis “loe” is
found in the data A.10 and A11. According to the data, the researcher found that
second person deixis “loe” in data A.10 is used 3 times. Those data have different
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referents because the data is a dialogue between the participants who are involved.
Second person deixis “loe” in data A10 can be seen in the data below:
(1) P1 : Aldi, abis loe browsing, gue pinjem ya! Mau ngetweet…
(Aldi, after you’re browsing, I borrow your phone please! Forupdate my twitter...)
From the data (1) above, the researcher knows that second person deixis
“loe” is said by participant (P1). Then, the context of the video shows that second
person deixis “loe” represents participant 3 (P3), which is a male, age 15 years
old, named Aldi, one of personnel of an Indonesian junior boy band named
“Cowboy Junior”.
The other data that shows second person deixis “loe” in A.10 can be seen
below:
(2) P1 : Eh bang, gue boleh pinjem hp loe ngga? (sambil member kodekepada P4) Mau bales sms Comet.(Hey bro, may I borrow your phone? (giving code to P4) I wantreply message from Comet.)
In the data (2) above, the researcher knows that second person deixis
“loe” is also said by participant 1 (P1). While, the referent of second person
deixis “loe” in data (2) is participant 4 (P4), which is a male age 15 years old,
named Iqbal, who is also one of personnel of Indonesian junior boy band
“Cowboy Junior”.
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Then, the last data in A.10 which contains second person deixis “loe” can
be seen in the following data:
(3) P4 : Itu hp loe kenapa?
(What’s wrong with your phone?)
From the data (3) above, the researcher knows that second person deixis
“loe” is stated by participant 4 (P4). Meanwhile, second person deixis “loe” in
data (3) refers to participant 1 (P1), which is a male, age 14 years old, named
Bastian, which is also one of the personnel of “Cowboy Junior”. It is known from
the context in the video where participant 4 (P4) was giving question to
participant 1 (P1).
The participants who are involve in the video use second person deixis
“loe” because they are friend. They have close distance relationship. Besides,
they also have the equality of age that around 14 – 16 years old. Additionally, it is
also because they were in informal situation that showing their relax time when
playing their each phone.
In addition, second person deixis “loe” also used in data A.11. Second
person deixis “loe” is used 6 times which represent different people. It can be
seen in the data below:
(1) P2 : Masalah buat loe?
(Is it matter for you?)
According to the data (1) above the researcher knows that second person
deixis “loe” is said by participant 2 (P2) . Participant 2 gives response to
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participant 1 (P1). So, from the context of the video, second person deixis “loe”
in this data represents participant 1 (P1) which is a male, age around 21-24 years
old. The other data which shows second person deixis “loe” can be seen below:
(2) P2 : Biar ngga masalah buat loe, pakai KASBULOH, Kartu ASbuat Loe…Gratisnya suka-suka loe!
(To make it better for you, use KASBULOH, As card for you…long lastfree for you!)
Data (2) shows that second person deixis “loe” is also said by participant
2 (P2). Form the context of the video, he said that utterance to response
participant 1 (P1). He (P2) gives suggestion to participant (P1), so the referent of
the data (2) is also participant 1 (P1).
In another side, because the video is an advertisement so the referent of
second person deixis “loe” can be public or the target of the market of this
cellular operator. Participant 2 (P2) give suggestion to public to use As card to get
many bonus.
The last data that contains second person deixis “loe” in A.11 shows in
the data below:
(3) P3 : Masalah buat Loe?
(Is it matter for you?)
Based on the data, the researcher knows that second person deixis is said
by participant 3 (P3). The context of the video is participant 3 (P3) gives comment
to participant 1 (P1) and participant 2 (P2) conversation. So, “loe” in data (3)
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represents participant 1 (P1) and participant (P2), which are male, age around 21-
24 years old.
The participants use second person deixis “loe” because the conversation
happened in a park while they are doing jogging. It means, they are in informal
situation. Besides, from the topic of their conversation can be know that they are
have close relationship as friend.
(4) You
The researcher finds three data which contain second person deixis “you”.
They are data H.2, H.3, and H.4. All of second person deixis “you” in those data
is categorized as plural second person deixis because the referent of “you” in
those data are public or the target of the market.
In those data, the researcher finds that second person deixis “you” uses
once in each data. Besides, all those data shows that person deixis “you” use in
the slogan of the cellular operator. It can be seen in the data below:
H.2.7 : KartuHalo just for you!
The data above is found in the data H.2 but the others data which shows
second person deixis “you” has same utterance as the data above. From the data,
the researcher knows that second person deixis “you” represents to public or the
target of the market from this cellular operator. It is because the context of the
data is a monologue from the participant who is involved in the video. Meanwhile,
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the participant uses “you” to point the addressee or public or the target of the
market of this cellular operator.
(5) Bang
The researcher only finds one data which contains second person deixis
“bang”. The data is found in A.10. In that data, second person deixis “bang”
appears only one time. In Indonesian language, second person deixis “bang” is
used as personal pronoun that represent a male. It also will show in the data
below:
P1 : Eh bang, gue boleh pinjem hp loe ngga? (sambil member kodekepada P4) Mau bales sms Comet.
(Hey bro, may I borrow your phone? (giving code to P4) I want replymessage from Comet.)
By the data above, the researcher knows that second person deixis “bang”
is said by participant 1 (P1). Besides, the context of the video shows that the
second person deixis “bang” represents participant 4 (P4), which is a male, age
15 years old named Iqbal. In that video, participant 1 (P1) was talking to
participant 4 (P4) to borrow phone. Participant 1 (P1) uses second person deixis
“bang” because they were in informal situation, and in the same age. Person
deixis “bang” indicates specific information from the addresser which shows that
the addressee is a male.
c. Represent Third Personal Pronoun
Person deixis which represents third personal pronoun is third person
deixis. The researcher found two third person deixis in the data which is singular
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and plural third person deixis. The singular third person deixis is “dia”, while the
plural third person deixis is “mereka”.
(1) Dia
The researcher finds three data which contain third person deixis “dia”.
Those data are Mx.1, S.16, and A.11.
According to data Mx.1, third person deixis “dia” is used only once. It
can be seen in the following data:
Mx.1.2: Beberapa hari yang lalu dia beli smartphone ini (menunjukanHTC One miliknya).
(Several days ago he bought this Smartphone (showing her HTC One).)
By the data above, the researcher knows that third person deixis “dia” is
uttered by participant who is involved in the video, which is a female named
Felicia, an employee of a company. Then, third person deixis “dia” represents
Felicia’s friend. It is known from the context of the video which is a testimony
from Felicia about Indosat Matrix and Smartphone HTC One. In that video,
Felicia tells to public that she knows Smartphone HTC One from her friend. Her
friend bought HTC One several days before she also bought it too.
Meanwhile, in the data S.16 the researcher finds that third person deixis
“dia” is used twice. It shows from the data below:
P1 : Dia itu beda, beda banget, pokoknya beda deh. Makanya guengga pernah nelpon dia! Uhhhh..huhhhh!!! (jengkel)
(He is different, really different, and absolutely different. It cause I nevercall him! Uhhhhh….huhhhh!!! (Angrily)
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The data above shows that third person deixis “dia” is said by participant
1 (P1) in the video, which is a female named Indri Giana, an Indonesian actress.
By the context of the video third person deixis “dia” represents Indri Giana’s
friend. The context of the video shows, Indri Giana is doing monologue and yarn
about her friend who uses different cellular operator with her.
Moreover, third person deixis “dia” in A.11 is also used twice. It can be
seen from the following data:
P1 : Masalah lah, gue juga gebet dia, tapi gue ngga punya pulsa.
(Yes, of course. I also attracted with her, but I have no charge.)
According to the data above, the researcher knows third person deixis
“dia” is uttered by participant 1 (P1). Then, the context of the video is a dialogue
between participant 1 (P1) and participant 2 (P2) that talks about a girl, age
around 21-24 years old who like taking pictures and uploading to the social
media. The topic of the conversation between P1 and P2 is that girl, so third
person deixis “dia” represents the girl who becomes the topic of the conversation
between P1 and P2.
(2) Mereka
The researcher only finds one data which contains third person deixis
“mereka”. The data is H.4. In that video, third person deixis “mereka” is only
used once. It can be seen from the data below:
H.4.3 : Mengawasi mereka tanpa merasa diawasi.
(Keep check on them without disturbing.)
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By the data above, the researcher knows that third person deixis “mereka”
is said by the participant who is involved in the video, which is a male, age 54
years old named Addie MS, an Indonesian conductor. In that video he was doing
monologue in his variety activities with his family. Third person deixis “mereka”
in that video represents Addie MS children. It is also proven from the utterance
before that. It can be seen below:
H.4.2 : Memberi bekal terbaik untuk masa depan anak.
(Give the best knowledge to the child’s future.)
The data above prove that third person deixis “mereka” in the video
represents Addie MS children because the context of the video, Addie MS talks
that he wants to give the best for his children.