Chapter 7 Cell to Cell Interactions

When a signal molecule arrives at a G protein-linked receptor,

the G protein

binds with a Ca2+binds with calmodulin

becomes activatedbinds to the signal molecule

becomes deactivated

In desmosomes adherin links to _____ of an adjacent cell.

cadherins integrins

connexonsras proteins

plasmodesmata

Which pair are examples of second messengers?

sodium and potassium ionsamino acids and proteins

steroids and lipidssugars and starches

cAMP and calcium ions

The antigen response to many antibodies is called

Polyclonal_____________

Chemically gated ion Channels_______ open or

close when signal molecules bind to the channel, allowing

specific ions to diffuse through the channel.

. The signaling molecules that travel the farthest are

endocrine synapticparacrine

neurotransmitterintracellular

Long lived molecules; affect cells very distant from the releasing cell; hormones

paracrine signalssynaptic signals

direct contact signalsendocrine signals

Some enzymic receptors and most G protein linked receptors carry the signal molecule’s message into the target cell by utilizing other substances within the

cytoplasm commonly called

genesantibodiesenzymes

first messengers second messengers

Hybridoma__________ is the name given to a cell formed

by the fusion of a plasma cell and a myeloma.

Cyclic AMP and calcium ions often behave as second

Messengers____________, intracellular substances that

ultimately communicate messages from receptors to

target proteins.

Plasmodesmata

encircle cells of a tight junction like a belt

connect to intermediate fibers of the cytoskeleton

connect the cytoplasm of one plant cell to that of another

connect actin fibers of one cell to the extracellular matrix of another

Molecules on the cell’s plasma membrane; important in early

development; lipids,

direct contact signals carbohydrates

paracrine signalssynaptic signals

endocrine signals

The class of cell surface receptors that act indirectly on plasma

membrane bound enzymes or ion channels are called

Gated channelsEnzymic receptors

G proteins Second messengers

Antibodies

Intercellular communication over long distance by means

of hormones is Endocrine______ signaling.

Tight and anchoring Junctions_______ cause cells to adhere tightly to

each other.

One protein kinase cascade begins with the phosphorylation

of the tap proteingat proteinsap protein ras protein sat protein

The molecules released by neurons; released very close to

the target cells;using neurotransmitters

endocrine signalsparacrine signals

direct contact signals synaptic signals

The molecules that convert extracellular signals into

intracellular ones are

neurotransmitterspeptide hormones

cell surface receptorsgrowth factor proteins genes

A pore that opens or closes when a particular ion or

molecule binds to its protein are said to be Chemically

Gated__.

Intracellular___________ receptors are those that can

diffuse through the cell membrane and trigger a response inside the cell.

Cells used for producing monoclonal antibodies such as

interferon are carcinomasmyelomasarcomas

lymphomashybridomas

Short lived molecules causing local effects; destroyed by extracellular

enzymes; important in early development and coordination of activities of neighboring cluster of

cellssynaptic signals

direct contact signalsparacrine signalsendocrine signals

Signal molecules activate intracellular receptors in

chromosomesvesiclesskin cells

target cells surface cells

All Monoclonal Antibodies______ obtained

from a cluster of immune cells descended from the

same cell bind to the same type of molecule.

Amplification____________ speeds up intracellular

messages and produces a larger response.

Cell signals with short-lived local effects are called _______

signals.

holocrinemicrocrineapocrineparacrine

none of the above

In plants, cell-cell junctions can only occur at gaps in the cell walls through cytoplasmic connections

that form across the plasma membranes of the touching cells.

desmosomestight junctions

plasmadesmatacellulose matrix

adhering junctions

Signals with short-lived local effects are called

light signalssynaptic signals

endocrine signalsdirect contact

paracrine signals

Communication__________ among cells is a hallmark of multicelluar organisms, an ability the prokaryotes lack.

In anchoring junctions, cadherins are linked to

The basement membrane

The cell membrane The cytoskeleton of two cells

The nucleusThe endoplasmic reticulum

Small molecules or ions can pass from one cell to another

through

tight junctions communicating junctions

diffusion spheresdesmosomes

adherins junctions

Communication between cells can occur by all of the following basic

mechanisms except

direct contactparacrine signalingendocrine signalingsynaptic signaling

signaling to digest plasma membrane

Located on or within the cell are Receptor_____________

proteins, each of which has a 3-d shape complementary

to that of a specific signal molecule.

Which is a common second messenger?

cGTPcMHC cAMP cATPcRNA

In the digestive tract adjacent cells develop connections called

desmosomesgap junctions

ion gates tight junctions

communicating junctions

An antibody is an immune system molecule that is made by the host as one of a multitude of responses to an outside signal molecule. It is

called a

lipidcarbohydrate

glycolipid protein

Cells in a multicellular organism communicate with each

other by means of Signal__________

molecules that bind to receptor proteins.

______ junctions may protect a damaged cell through chemical

gating.TightGap

AdherinsOccludingMacular

Most cells are in physical contact with other cells at all times by

forming permanent connections called

gated ion channelsenzymic receptors

cell junctions G protein linked receptors

Cell surface markers

Cell-cell communication does not allow which of the following actions?

Determine an individual cell’s position in the body

Adjust the metabolism of an individual cell.Allow the individual cell to grow

Allow the cell to live foreverAllow the cell to divide at the proper time

Endocrine signaling involves the use of

Hormones______________.