Chapter 6.1, 6.3 The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table-REVIEW• Organized in rows and columns

– Rows = PERIODS – Columns = (GROUPS or FAMILIES)

• Each box is for all of the information for a single element.– Contains the name, symbol, atomic #, and atomic mass.

• NEW: Elements in groups 1,2, and 13-18 have a much larger range of chemical/physical properties. They often get called main group or representative elements.

• NEW: Groups 3-12 are referred to as transition elements.

Historical Periodic Table

• Antoine Lavoisier made a list of all of the known elements at the time of the late 1700s.

• Industrial Revolution played a major role in the advancement of chemistry.

• Once we started using the same method for determining atomic mass, scientists could begin trying to understand the relationships among the elements.

John Newlands 1865: English Chemist

• Arranged the known elements according to properties and in order of increasing atomic mass

• He noticed that all elements in a given row had similar properties and this pattern repeated every eight elements (Law of Octaves)– Patterns like this occur periodically (periodic table)

Dmitri Mendeleev 1869: Russian Chemist

• REVIEW: Invented the first Periodic Table

• Organized the 63 known elements according to their chemical and physical properties and predicted elements not yet known to exist.• Said elements were periodic functions of their atomic

mass’

• Two interesting things came from this:1. Gaps2. Elements did not necessarily fit according to atomic mass

Mayer

• Worked at the same time as Mendeleev, but didn’t get his work published quick enough to get credit for it.

• Demonstrated connection with element properties and atomic mass.

Henry Mosley

• Discovered the problems with Mendeleev’s arrangement of the periodic table.

• Discovered that atoms contain a unique # of protons called the atomic #.

• Rearranged the elements in order of atomic # -which gave way to periodic patterns of the properties.

Laws of the Periodic Table

• Periodic Law: repeating physical and chemical properties change periodically with their atomic #

• Law of Octaves: Elements have similar properties every eight elements, repeating pattern. – Focuses on s and p block elements

The Elements

• As scientists learned more about the elements, they organized them in different ways…think about how a grocery store is organized.– Organized by the properties of the elements

Organizing Elements Activity

• How did you arrange the elements?

– Trends in color (periods and groups)– Trends for mass (periods and groups)– Where would you put Fuchsia gas? Range for the

mass?– Properties for the element that would fill the last

remaining gap in the table?

Xn Ad Tu Qa

Bp Pd Lq

Rx Cx Ax

The wavelength decreases across the period and color becomes lighter down the group.

The mass increases across the period and down the group. Cx does not fit the period trend for mass, but it fits in thethird column with other green brittle solids.

Ph would fit in the third period, first column based oncolor and stated trends. The mass would be between99-106g.

The remaining gap would be a yellow-colored liquid with a mass most likely between70g-82g.

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– Power of the Periodic Table

FAMILIES DISCUSSION METAL/NONMETAL & ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

NOTES

Day Four Tuesday November 4th

Discussion of Families Lab

• Let’s look at Mg, Ca, Ba. – What family are they in? – Do you notice any trends with reacting with

chemicals?

• Let’s look at Cl, Br, I. – What family are they in? – Do you notice any trends with reacting with

chemicals?

Based on what we observed, which pairs of elements would you expect to behave similarly?

Scandium and Lawrencium

Rhodium and Silver

Potassium and Hydrogen

Neon and Carbon

Neon and Krypton Selenium and PoloniumActinium and Thorium

Germanium and Lead

Characteristics of Metals/ Nonmetals

• Conducts electricity • Malleable (bends

without breaking) • Reacts with Acid

• Doesn’t conduct • Brittle • Doesn’t react with acid

METAL/NONMETAL LAB M/NM & FAMILIES LAB W-UP

Day FiveWednesday November 5th

Recording Data for Metal/Nonmetal Lab

1. (.) shiny

2. ( ) dull

3. (-) malleable

4. ( +) reacts with acid

Conductivity 4. ( ) bright light 5. ( ) dim light 6. (X) no light