THE PERIODIC TABLE

ChemistryMs. Piela

Periodic Table

Group – Vertical columns on PT Period – Horizontal rows on PT

Main-Group Elements

Groups 1, 2, and 13-18

Main-Group Elements

The chemical properties of the main-group elements depends on their number of valence electrons

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding

Valence Electrons & Chemical Properties Each group of the main-group

elements has the same number of valence electrons

Each element wants to be as stable as possible

All main-group elements want a full shell of electrons, which is 8 valence electrons

Valence Electrons & Chemical Properties Each group forms ions based on

the easiest way to obtain this full shell

Also known as the octet rule

Family Groups

Noble Gases (Group 18) Examples: Ne, Xe Description:

stable, unreactive group of gases

Number of Valence Electrons: 8

Forms NO ions

Family Groups

Halogens (Group 17) Examples: F, Cl Description: Highly reactive group of gases

Number of Valence Electrons: 7

Forms 1- ions

Family Groups

Alkali Metals (Group 1) Examples: Na, K (not H) Description: Highly reactive group of metals

Number of Valence Electrons: 1

Forms 1+ ions

Brainiac Movie

Family Groups

Alkaline-Earth Metals (Group 2) Examples: Be, Mg Description: Slightly less reactive group

than alkali metals Number of Valence Electrons: 2 Forms 2+ ions

Family Groups

Transition Metals (Group 3 – 12) Examples: Fe, Au, Ag Description: Fairly stable group of metals Forms multiple ions

Family Groups

Lanthanides & Actinides Location: Bottom 2 periods of PT Description: Heavy metals, synthetics,

radioactive

States of Matter

Metals and Nonmetals (Staircase)