chapter 6: societies to social networks copyright © allyn & bacon 20051 sociology: a...

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 1

Chapter 6: Societies to Social NetworksChapter 6: Societies to Social Networks

Sociology: A Down-to-EarthApproach 7/e

Sociology: A Down-to-EarthApproach 7/e

James M. HenslinJames M. HenslinChapter Six: Societies to Social NetworksChapter Six: Societies to Social Networks

James M. HenslinJames M. HenslinChapter Six: Societies to Social NetworksChapter Six: Societies to Social Networks

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““People who interact with one another and think of People who interact with one another and think of

themselves as belonging together.”themselves as belonging together.”

What is a Group?What is a Group?



Domestication RevolutionDomestication Revolution

Hunting and GatheringHunting and Gathering

Pastoral and HorticulturalPastoral and Horticultural

AgriculturalAgricultural

Societies and Their TransformationSocieties and Their Transformation



Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Postindustrial (Information)Postindustrial (Information)

Bioeconomic—New Type?Bioeconomic—New Type?

Societies and Their TransformationSocieties and Their Transformation



Social Equality Greatest in Social Equality Greatest in

Hunting/Gathering SocietiesHunting/Gathering Societies

Social Inequality Grew Over TimeSocial Inequality Grew Over Time

Accumulation of Food Surplus Accumulation of Food Surplus

Stimulated ChangeStimulated Change

Groups Within SocietyGroups Within Society



Primary GroupsPrimary Groups

Face-to-FaceFace-to-Face

The FamilyThe Family

FriendsFriends

Producing a Mirror WithinProducing a Mirror Within




Secondary GroupsSecondary Groups

Larger, More AnonymousLarger, More Anonymous

Members Interact Based on RolesMembers Interact Based on Roles

Fail to Satisfy Need for Intimate AssociationFail to Satisfy Need for Intimate Association




In-Groups and Out-GroupsIn-Groups and Out-Groups

Loyalty to In-GroupsLoyalty to In-Groups

Antagonism Towards Out-GroupsAntagonism Towards Out-Groups




In-Groups and Out-Groups Produce…In-Groups and Out-Groups Produce…

LoyaltyLoyalty

Sense of SuperioritySense of Superiority

RivalriesRivalries

Implications for Socially Diverse SocietyImplications for Socially Diverse Society




Reference GroupsReference Groups

Provide a YardstickProvide a Yardstick

Expose Us to Contradictory StandardsExpose Us to Contradictory Standards




Social NetworksSocial Networks

The Small World PhenomenonThe Small World Phenomenon

Is the Small World Phenomenon a Myth?Is the Small World Phenomenon a Myth?




Implications for Socially Diverse SocietyImplications for Socially Diverse Society

Implications for ScienceImplications for Science




Electronic CommunitiesElectronic Communities

People Connect OnlinePeople Connect Online

NewsgroupsNewsgroups

Online Chat RoomsOnline Chat Rooms

Some Meet Definition of a GroupSome Meet Definition of a Group




Group Size Affects Stability and IntimacyGroup Size Affects Stability and Intimacy DyadDyad

TriadTriad

CoalitionsCoalitions

As Size Increases, So Does StabilityAs Size Increases, So Does Stability

As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy

DecreaseDecrease

Group DynamicsGroup Dynamics



Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and

BehaviorBehavior

The Larger the Group…The Larger the Group… Greater Diffusion of ResponsibilityGreater Diffusion of Responsibility

Increase in FormalityIncrease in Formality

Division into Smaller GroupsDivision into Smaller Groups




Who Becomes a Leader?Who Becomes a Leader?

Types of LeadersTypes of Leaders

InstrumentalInstrumental

ExpressiveExpressive

LeadershipLeadership



Leadership StylesLeadership Styles

AuthoritarianAuthoritarian

DemocraticDemocratic

Laissez-FaireLaissez-Faire

Leadership Styles in Changing SituationsLeadership Styles in Changing Situations

LeadershipLeadership



Power of Peer Pressure—Asch ExperimentPower of Peer Pressure—Asch Experiment

Study on ConformityStudy on Conformity

Power of Authority—Milgram ExperimentPower of Authority—Milgram Experiment

Administering ShocksAdministering Shocks




Irving Janis Coined the TermIrving Janis Coined the Term

Examples of GroupthinkExamples of Groupthink

Preventing GroupthinkPreventing Groupthink

Groupthink—Global ConsequencesGroupthink—Global Consequences

chapter 6: societies to social networks copyright © allyn & bacon 20051 sociology: a...

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