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Chapter 6: Section 1

Exploration and Expansion

Reasons for Exploration

Gain access to Asia by Sea

Why attraction to Asia?

Marco Polo traveled to China in the 1200’s

Wrote a book called The Travels

Ottoman Turks cut off land route to Asia*

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3 Gs

Gold-Economic Motives

Expand trade to make more money

Spices in the East (India)

Silk and Porcelain (China)

Looking for precious metals (Gold & Silver)

Reasons for Exploration

God-Religion

Especially Spain & Portugal

Convert natives to Catholicism*

It was their duty to God

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Reasons for Exploration

Glory

Renaissance ideal of individual ability

“God, Glory, and Gold!”

Finished!

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1. Why did Europeans want to avoid traveling to Asia

over land?

2. What two countries spread the Catholic faith?

3. What goods did Europeans want to gain from India?

4. What goods did Europeans want to gain from

China?

New Technologies

Caravel ship

designed with Lateen (Arab) sails

Could sail into the wind

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Other technologies

Compass –determine direction N or S

Astrolabe

measured location

N & S of Equator

Astrolabe

Geared Astrolabe

Portugal led in Exploration

School of NavigationCreated by Prince Henry the Navigator

Hired only the best scholars

Studied winds, stars, currents, built ships

Video

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Vasco da Gama

1st to get to India

Brought back spices

Magellan

Portuguese explorer

His ships were the 1st to circumnavigate the globe

took 3 yrs. to return

He was killed in the Philippines

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Treaty of Tordesillas

Signed in 1494

Line extending north and south through the Atlantic and South America

lands east belonged to Portugal

land west belonged to Spain

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Race to the Americas

After Columbus (1492) many countries wanted a piece of the new lands

John Cabot (England)– 1st to explore the New England coastline

Amerigo Vespucci

A Florentine who sailed with others on many voyages to the Americas

Wrote colorful descriptions of the Americas

The Americas are named after him

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The Spanish Empire

Conquistadors – Spanish conquerors

Herman Cortes – overthrew the Aztec Empire – 1520

Francisco Pizarro – overthrew the Inca Empire – 1532

Spain was ruling Mexico from Spain*

Spanish Rule

Encomienda – Privately owned pieces of land where people could use Native-Americans as slaves

Put to work on sugar plantations and in gold and silver mines

Thousands die from exposure to disease and from starvation

Catholic missionaries convert thousands

Build schools, hospitals, churches*