CHAPTER 4

The 13 English Colonies

Puritans leave England

Puritans left England for Massachusetts during 1630

Looking to reform Church not separate from it. Organ music Finely decorated houses of worship Special clothing for priests

Powerful in England Small farmers Well educated Merchants and landowners

Charles I disapproved of the Purtiains

Massachusetts

1629 Puritan leaders persuaded royals for a charter to the Massachusetts Bay area.

Wanted to set up a colony and society based on biblical laws and teaching

Younger sons moved to Mass Bay area for cheap land

Chance to start a business

Governing the colony

1630 John Winthrop and 1000 settlers arrived.

Winthrop was first governorAll men who were church members could

vote.Elected governor and representatives to the

Great Court.1630-1640 the colony prospered. 15,000

men, women and children made the journey. ( Great Migration)

Connecticut

Puritan leaders did not like anyone to question their religion or form of government.

Forced colonists to leaveThomas Hooker led 100 settlers out to the

Connecticut River and built the town of Hartford Hooker believed the government and church officals

had to much power.Hooker and other settlers wrote a plan called

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Set up like that of the government of Massachusetts with two differences All men could vote as long as they owned property,

even if they were not members of the church Limited the governor’s power

Expanded the idea of representative government

Rhode Island

Roger Williams, a young minister in Salem, challenged the leaders of Mass. believed Puritan church had to much power

Williams' view was the business of church and state should be separate. Thought political affairs would corrupt the church State should only maintain order and peace

Religious Tolerance

Williams felt the Puritan leaders should not force none puritans to go to religious services.

He believed in religious tolerance. Religious tolerance is a willingness to let others practice their own beliefs.

Williams allowed for everyone to worship freely Protestants, Catholics, and Jews

Anne Hutchinson

Devout Puritan who was forced to leave Mass.

She and friends would discuss the minister’s serman after church.

Church leaders grew angry Said Hutchinson’s views were in error Women had no right to explain God’s law

Hutchinson was called to trial They found that she broke no Puritan lawsShe said God spoke to her directly

New Hampshire

Trading and fishing villages lived friendly with Indians at first.1670 nearly 45,000 settlers had taken over a

great amount of Indian land.1675 a large fight between Indian groups and

New England colonies started.Metacom, King Phillip, chief of the

Wampanoag attacked villages throughout New England.

Life in New England

Religion and FamilyTook Sabbath(holy day)

serious Could not play games Visit taverns to joke, talk, or

drink Law required every citizen to

attend church(lasted all day)Women on one side men on

the other Indians and slave stood in

balcony Children had separate pews

where an adult watched over them.

Government Town meetings,

settlers discussed and voted on many issues

Puritan laws were strict 15 crimes had the death

penalty. Witchcraft1692 Puritans in Salem

burned 20 men and women as witches.

Life in New England

EconomyRocky soil was poor for farming

Indians taught them how to grow corn, squash, pumpkins, and beans

Hunted deer and turkeyCut down trees and turned it into lumberFished for cod and halibutHunted whales for its blubber and bones.

THE MIDDLE COLONIES

Section 2

New Netherland Becomes New York

Fur trading made New Netherland thrive.To encourage farming land grants were

given out.Owners of these huge estates were known as

patroons.Each patroon promised to start 50 farms on

the land for the grant.

Religious Freedom

New Amsterdam was a large trading center Attracted to the chance to practice religion

freely.Slaves were in high demand. Made up a

quarter of the population.Dutch were mainly Protestants who belonged

to the Dutch Reform Church.England took over New Netherlands and

King Charles II gave it to his brother Duke of York

New Jersey

Set up because New York was to large to govern.

Duke of York gave part of the land to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret.

The colony was a Proprietary colony.Proprietary colony- the king gave land to one

or more people in return for a yearly payment.

Proprietary Colony

Proprietors were free to divide the land and rent to whom ever they wanted.

Made their own laws but had to respect the rights of colonists under English law

New Jersey becomes a Royal Colony

1702 NJ becomes a royal colony. Royal colony is a colony under direct control of the English crown.

The colonies charter protected religious freedom and the rights of an assembly that voted on all matters

Pennsylvania

William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681.

Came from a wealthy English FamilyAt 22 Penn shocked his family and friends by

join the most hated religious group in England, the Quakers.

Quakers

Protestant reformersWent further with reform than the Pilgrims

and Puritans Believe that all men, women, nobles, and commoners

were equal in God’s eyes Allowed women to preach in public Did not remove hats in the presence of nobles. Refused to serve in army .

Quakers in both England and New England were fined, jailed, or even hanged for their ideas

Policy of Fairness

Penn believed in religious freedomKing Charles II told Penn to turn away all

Catholics and Jews.Penn believed in treating the Native

Americans with respect Settlers should pay for the land that they take Indians respected Penn Stayed friendly for a long time

Growing Colony

Penn send pamphlets all over Europe describing his colony. Settlers came from : England, Scotland, Wales, Netherlands, France, and

GermanyThe German Settlers were known as

Pennsylvania DutchSlaves Also Arived

1730-1750 slaved made up 1/3 of the populationPenn Named the capital Philadelphia. Greek

word Meaning “brotherly love”

Delaware

Part of Pennsylvania Know as Lower countiesSettlers never wanted to send delegates so

far from home.1704 Delaware broke away from

Pennsylvania.

Life in the Middle Colonies

EconomyWheat, barley, oats,

and rye were cash crops.

Cash Crops-crops that are sold for money at market.

Cattle and pigsLarge FarmsCenter of

manufacturing Clocks, watches, locks,

guns, glass,etc..

HomesHouses were spread

apart.Counties became

center of government Houses reflected the

people that settled there.

House holds were self sufficient.

SECTION 3

The Southern Colonies

Mason- Dixon Line

Divided Southern Colonies from the rest of the colonies

Southern Colonies developed a way of life different of that of the Middle and New England Colonies

Maryland

Sir George Calvert wanted a colony just for Catholics.

Died before he could get colony underway.Cecil, Lord Baltimore, Calvert pushed his

fathers plan forward.200 colonist landed in the upper Chesapeake

Bay across from Virginia.Land of Plenty

Fish Oysters crabs

Growing a colony

St. Mary was the first city.Gave land grants to anyone who would bring

servants, Women, and children Margaret and Mary Brent

9 male servents 2 plantations 1000 acres each.

Religious Tolerance

Allowed Protestants and CatholicsAct of Toleration(1649)- provided

religious freedom to call Christians. Except Jews

Set up to protect the Catholics right to worship

Bacons rebellion

Carolinas

1663 8 nobles received land grant from Charles the II

Northern Area( North Carolina,1712) were poor tobacco farmers from Virginia.

Had small farms.Southern Area( South Carolina, 1719) rich

farmersLargest settlement- Charles Town

(Charleston)

Rise in Slavery

1685 rice was found to grow well in the swampy areas on the coast.

Used slaves imported from areas in Africa where rice was grown.

Rice became Carolina’s cash cropSouth Carolina grew Indigo- Used to make

valuable blue dye

Georgia

Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1732Wanted the colony to be for debtors- people

who owed money they could not pay back, to have a new start.

1733 Savannah was builtStrict laws against slavery( later reversed to

allow for growth)

Growth in slave trade

Slavery in Africa was part of social and economic system.

Slaves from Africa would be crammed tightly under the decks.

Most died of illness or starvationLast 400 years and cost the lives of over 3

million AfricansSlave Codes- treated enslaved Africans

not as human but as property

SECTION 4

Roots in Self -Government

England Regulates Trade

England believed that the colonies should benefit the home country.

Mercantilism- nation became strong by keeping strict control over its trade.

Mercantilists thought a country should export more than it imported.

Exports- goods sent to markets outside the country

Imports- goods brought to a country.

Navigation Acts

England put a limit on who the colonies could trade with.

Navigation Acts- regulated the trade between England and its colonies. Ensured only England benefited from English trade. Only English or colonial ships could carry good from

colonies.Benefited the colonies and England

Slave and Rum trade

Merchants from New England were called Yankees

Triangle trade-the three legs of the route formed a triangle.

1st leg: New England ships carried fish, lumber, and other goods to West Indies Bought molasses and sugar to make rum

2nd leg: carried guns, rum, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa. Traded these goods for slaves

3rd leg: carried slaves to West Indies Traded or bought more molasses and sugar

Colonial Government

Each colony had a legislature

Legislature- group of people that have power to make laws. Upper house –advisors

appointed by governor Lower house- elected

assembly

Each colony had its own laws on who had a right to vote

1720 only white Christain men over the age 21 who owned land could vote

English Bill of Rights

Bill of rights-a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect

English Bill of Rights gave anyone accused of a crime the right of a trial by jury

English colonies had more freedoms but less rights than that of English citizens.