chapter 24, section 2. “peace without victory” ◦ failed began to lobby for a stronger army ...
TRANSCRIPT
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From Neutrality to War
Chapter 24, Section 2
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“Peace without Victory”◦ Failed
Began to Lobby for a stronger Army
Wilson ran on the slogan, “He kept us out of War”◦ Race was close
between Charles Evan Hughes
Wilson’s Peace Efforts
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After February 1, 1917 Germany warned nations they would sink any ships nearing Britain◦ Wilson broke off ties
with Germany Why didn’t he just tell
company’s to stop shipping?
Moving Toward War
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February, Wilson learned that Arthur Zimmermann, German’s foreign secretary, had sent a secret note the German minister in Mexico
Zimmermann telegram instructed the German minister to convince Mexico to attack the US if they declared War on Germany◦ In return they would give
back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico
Moving Toward War- Zimmermann telegram
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Wilson did not agree with the government in Russia◦ Dictatorship
March 1917 after many years in war, economic hardship at home, shortage of food, and discontent the Czar was overthrown◦ Democratic reforms
Wilson could support the Allies
Moving Toward War- Revolution in Russia
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April 2, 1917 President Wilson asked Congress to declare war◦ Congress voted for
war 455-56 April 6, the
president signed the declaration of war
Moving Toward War- War Comes
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Raising an Army Selective Service Act
◦ Men from 21-30 to register for war
Educating the Troops 25 percent were
illiterate◦ Taught how to fight,
read, eat nutritiously, and care for daily health needs
New reforms in schools
Preparing to fight
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Wilson set up government agencies
Food Administration Herbert Hoover was
in charge of keeping the troops fed◦ “Victory Gardens”◦ “Wheatless Monday”◦ “Meatless Tuesday”
Managing the War Effort
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War Industries Board◦ Told factories what they
had to produce.◦ Provided for sharing of
limited resources and decided what prices should be set
War Labor Board◦ Settle disputes over
working hours and wages and tried to prevent strikes Unions were backed by the
government
Managing the War Effort
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Liberty Bonds- American citizens were lending money to the government to pay for the war◦ 21 billion
Four minute men Women Workers
◦ Assembled weapons, airplane parts, drove trolley cars, and delivered mail
The Home Front
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Anti-German Prejudice
Schools stop teaching the German language
1918 Mob lynched Robert Prager◦ Born in Germany◦ Mob leaders never
convicted
The Home Front
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Great Migrations◦ The draft drained cities
and factories of needed workers African Americans Mexican Americans
◦ Competition for housing and jobs sometimes led to race riots
◦ When veterans returned and unemployment grew, the United States tried to force Mexican workers to return to Mexico
The Home Front
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Pacifists- people who refuse to fight in any war because they believe the war is evil
Socialist believes that the people as a whole rather than private individuals should own all property and share the profits from all businesses
Espionage act- crime to criticize the government or interfere with the war effort.◦ Eugene V. Debs- jailed for
protesting the draft 13th amendment
Enslavement and servitude 10 years in jails
Opposition to the War