Chapter 2

Patterns of Early Civilizations

Geography Review ?s

1. Why is knowing a location on the globe important?

2. What does a group of peoples location on the earth tell you about their culture?

Time Period Achievements

Stone Age & First Civilizations – date range (huge)

Geography – centers of power

People Achievements – 30 +

Changing Powers, Emergence of Europe, Imperialism – date range

Geography – centers of power

People Achievements – advances in technology

Nationalism, Cold War, Today – date range

Geography – centers of power

People - specifics Achievements – further advances in technology

•Write 5 to 7 sentences about the achievements and advancements made during your time period.

Every student must hand in their own written summary!

Stone Age & First Civilizations

• Date Range – more than 2 million years ago- 1300• Centers of Power – eastern Africa (great rift valley),

southeast Asia, Huang he valley of china, central America (Aztecs and Incas). Mesopotamia (Iraq). Nile Valley (Egypt) pg 29.

• Achievements – made stone tools, weapons, chipped rocks to make simple knives, made spears, made wheels, learned to control fire, created government and religion. Language, social classes, record keeping, built temples, large buildings, pyramids, (Egypt) , Great Wall. Trading slaves, irrigation and farming.

Changing Powers, Emergence of Europe, Imperialism

• Date Range- 1300s (Renaissance) -1900 (world war one)

• Centers of Power- Mediterranean, china, Rome, India, Africa, America, Mexico, changes to western Europe and the united states

• Achievements- small European kingdoms were fighting for land, they discovered new regions, soldiers, & settlers, started claiming lands in America, settle trading posts in Africa, etc building on ancient learning, magnetic compass invented by China and improved by Europeans, gun powder (taken from Chinese), new weapons (muskets and cannons) Industrial Rev-Machines replaced hand tools, steam and electricity took the pace of human and animal power

Stone Age to First Civilizations

• Date range- 2 million years ago until the 1300’s• Centers of Power- Indus valley (India), Huang

He Valley (china), Early American civilization (Aztec, Inca), Eastern Africa (great rift valley), Columbia, Mesopotamia (Iraq) (page 29)

• Achievements- learned to make stone tools and weapons. Such as spears and arrowheads. Also created language, learned to farm and domesticate and tame animals, and hunt larger animals with tools. Started writing things down. Created shelter. Pyramids. Great wall of china.

Stone Age to First Civilizations

• Date Range: 2 million years ago – 1000A.D.• Place: Africa, River Valleys, Nile River (Africa), Indus

River (India), Huang He (China), Caribbean (South America, Mexico), Mesopotamian (Iraq) – page 29

• People: Nomads, farmers• Achievements: arrowheads out of chipped rocks, spears,

learned how to control fire and develop languages, began hunting, traveling for food, adapting to climates/landforms, clothing out of animal skin, started agricultural revolution, Governments, priest-kings, pictography, artisans, tamed animals, formed languages, surplus food

Changing Powers, Emergence of Europe, Imperialism

• Date range: 1350- 1914• Location: Europe, United States• Changing centers of power: Holy roman empire into

Belgium, Dutch, British, French, Italian, Portuguese• People: Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus,

Europeans, Muslims, and Kublai Khan• Achievements: Stealing the magnetic Compass from the

Chinese; New weapons such as muskets and cannons stolen along with gunpowder. Trading over the seas, westernization of Africans, Asians, and Native Americans, spread of Christianity. Industrial Revolution

Changing Powers, Emergence of Europe, Imperialism

• Date Range- 1300-1914(renaissance to world war 1)

• Centers of Power Europe Japan America• Achievements compass (taken from china) gun

powder (taken from china) muskets and cannons money economy (gold, silver, cash money) westernization of America, Africa, Asia. Oversea trading. Trains and railroads planes cars. Industrial revolution

Nationalism, Cold War (USSR, USA), Today

• Date Range- 1800-today• Centers of Power-European countries, Italy,

Germany, America, India, China• Achievements- Formed major countries out of

small states (Asia, Africa) Soviets and USA made technological advances. (Space Exploration, Nuclear weapons, and computers), acceptance of people,

• People- Hitler, Martin Luther King jr., Stalin, Obama, Mussolini, George Bush

Nationalism, Cold War ( USSR vs. USA) , Today

• Date Range – 1800 - Present• Centers of Power – Italy, Germany, Europe,

United States, China, Japan, India• Achievements – soviet union collapsed,

advances in transportation (cars, planes), telephones, TV, computers/internet, clocks (sun dial to digital), weapons (nuclear), safety (school drills, airport security), formation of new countries in Africa and Asia

Nationalism, Cold War (USSR vs. USA), Today

• Date Range – during the 1800’s – today.• Centers of Power – Africa, Asia, Latin America

(developing regions) Germany, America, USSR, China, India (modernized)

• Achievements – Developing technology; phones, cars, internet, planes harvest cash crops, Soviet Union money weapons (nuclear) Independence in Africa, Asia. New hope for an end to the arms race for superpowers.

Stone Age People

• 2,000,000 years ago, eastern Africa

• Gathered fruits & nuts

• Hunted small animals

Early Achievements of Stone age people

• Creation of small tools

• Controlled fire

• Developed language

• Gained knowledge; created better tools

• Became nomads

1st Agricultural Revolution

• 10,000 years ago

• Tamed and domesticated animals

• Farmed

• SE Asia, Middle East,

Americas, 1st farming

societies

• People created permanent settlements

1st Agricultural Revolution

• Families grew

• Religions developed– Polytheistic – gods controlled the success of

harvests, hunts, daily life, etc

• Governments developed

• New technologies for farming

• Language evolved

1st Civilizations (these facts will be the same for each group of people

we study this year)Civilization – a highly organized group of people

with their own language and ways of living

• Developed near rivers/

bodies of water

• Well organized governments

1st Civilizations (these facts will be the same for each group of people

we study this year)• Religions

• Language

• Specialized skills & jobs

• Social classes

World Powers in 1300• China, Middle East, Africa

• Regions became wealthy through trade

• Europe was in the Middle Ages at this time and was not a world power

Identifications - Review

• Monotheism• Dictatorship• Culture • Diffusion• Ethnocentrism• Nomad• Urbanization• Civilization

Shaping the Industrial World

Section 2

Emergence of Europe

• Strong central governments grew in Europe

• Europe gained control of trade routes in the 1500s & 1600s, new ships

• New Technology– Ancient Learning, Muslim Scholars– Gun Powder & Compass, China– New weapons and Inventions

• New economies - capital

Trade Routes

Empires of 1300s

• China, India, Middle East, Americas lose power when trade routes change

• Europeans gain control of trade b/c of superior technology

• Europe begins Age of Discovery and Imperialism

Industrial Revolution • European Nations gain strength through

Industrializing

• They use their technology (weapons) to gain territory and wealth

• More food production/population growth

• Factories increased

speed of production

• Growth of cities –

urbanization

Imperialism – 1870-1914

• The control of one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country

Effects of Imperialism

• Westernization – adoption of western culture

• Europeans controlled natural resources in Africa and Asia (gold, diamonds, rubber, spices, etc.)

• Africa, India, China fall further behind industrialized world

Nationalism 1914-1945

• Pride and loyalty towards your own country

• A reaction of Africa, India, Asia towards Imperialism

• Movement to create independent nations free from European control

Identifications

• Population Density• Cash Crop• Modernization• Literacy• Imperialism• Westernization• Nationalism• 1st Agricultural Revolution

The Cold War 1945-1980s

• USA & USSR use their influence after WWII

• USA & USSR fight for control of natural resources (Oil, trade, natural gas)

The Other Side of Outsourcing

• Disposable Income

• Disposable Time

• Positive Changes to India

• Negative Changes to India

Goals of Modernizing Nations

• Political Stability

• Economic Diversity

• Increased Education

• Better Services

Problems facing Developing Nations

• Population Explosion

• Urbanization

• Extreme Debt

• Gap between Rich and Poor

• Reaction to Cultural Change

Issues of Global Concern

• Refugees – war forces people to move from home nation

• Drugs – no explanation needed

• Terrorism – no explanation needed

• The Environment – it won’t last forever

• Human Rights

• Rapid change of technology

Groups that help Developing Coutnries

• The United Nations (UN)

Critical Thinking

• How does the outsourcing video on India show diffusion, disposable time and income, generation gaps, global interdependence, and goals of modernizing nations?