Chapter 18:The Circulatory

System

Chapter 18:The Circulatory

SystemPages 492 – 513Date

Pages 492 – 513Date

Cardiovascular System (pg. 492 - 493)1. Your cardio system transport

materials through your bloodstream2. Cardio system includes heart,

blood, & miles of blood vessels3. Materials enter cells using _______.4. Heart has 4 chambers: 2 atria

(upper) & 2 ventricles (lower) 1. Atria pump 2 ventricles & ventricles

pump to the body

Circulation (pg. 494 – 495)1. Pulmonary = blood flow from heart 2 lungs

& back2. Systemic = blood flow to your body3. Coronary = blood flow around the heart4. Blood flow Low O2 blood into right A,

which pumps into right V. Right V pumps 2 lungs 2 get O2, then into left A. Left A pumps to left V, which pumps 2 body. Blood distributes O2, collects CO2, & travels back to right A.

Vessels & Pressure (pg. 496 – 499)1. Arteries = move blood away from heart2. Veins = move blood 2 the heart3. Capillaries = microscopic vessels that

connect arteries & veins; only 1 cell thick4. Blood pressure = the force that blood exerts

on vessels walls as it moves through1. Highest in arteries, then cap, then veins2. Two numbers: 110/80 1st # is force from

ventricles; 2nd # is force of ventricles filling up

Cardiovascular Disease (pg. 500)1. Heart disease is the leading cause

of death in the U.S.2. Atherosclerosis = condition, fatty

deposits on artery walls1. Fat builds up & blocks blood flow

3. Hypertension = high blood pressure1. Atherosclerosis can cause

hypertension

Blood (pg. 502)1. Blood = a tissue made of cells,

cell fragments, & liquid2. Functions: 1) carries O2 &

removes CO2; 2) carries wastes 2 kidneys 2 B removed; 3) transports nutrients; 4) contains materials 2 fight infections

3. Ur blood can fill five 1 liter bottles!

Parts of Blood (pg. 502 – 505)1. Plasma = liquid part of blood & consists

mostly of water; it makes up more than half of blood1. Nutrients, minerals, & O2 are dissolved in

plasma2. Hemoglobin = a chemical that carries O2 &

CO2

3. Red blood cells last about 120 days4. White blood cells = fight infections,

bacteria, viruses that invade your body5. Platelets = cell fragments that help clot

blood1. Work to stop bleeding & form scabs

6. For every millimeter of blood there are 5 million red blood cells, 400,000 platelets, & 7,000 white blood cells

Blood Types (pg. 505 – 507)

1. If someone gets the wrong blood type, their blood will clot, block vessels, & die

2. Four blood types: A, B, AB, O ABO ID systems1. Each type has a marker 2 ID it = antigen2. Antibodies = proteins that destroy pathogens

1. U have the opp. blood antibodies as your blood type

3. Rh factor = another marker for blood1. Having the factor = Rh positive2. Not having the factor = Rh negative

Lymphatic System (pg. 511)

1. Fluid sometimes moves out of blood 2. Lymphatic system = collects fluid from body

tissue spaces & returns it to blood through lymph vessels

1. Also contains cells 2 help defend against pathogens

3. Lymph = mostly water, dissolved nutrients, & lymphocytes = type of white blood cell

4. There is no organ pumping lymph, when your muscles contract, lymph is pushed around

Nodes & Organs (pg. 512 – 513)1. Before lymph enters blood, it passes

through lymph nodes = which filter out microorganisms & foreign materials engulfed by lymphocytes

2. When U R sick, lymphocytes gather pathogens & drop them in nodes, which makes them swell

3. Lymph organs:1. Tonsils – help protect nose & mouth2. Thymus – produces lymphocytes 3. Spleen – helps filter blood, damaged/old

blood cells R broken down, destroy bacteria

Diseases (pg. 513)1. Human immunodeficiency virus

= attacks helper T cells (type of lymphocyte)

2. Helper T cells help produce antibodies 2 fight infections

3. If too many T cells are attacked, the disease progresses to acquired immune deficiency syndrome

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