Chapter 1 - Theoretical Chapter 1 - Theoretical FoundationsFoundations

Dee Lee Smith – ETEC 562

Do these apply to Do these apply to Educational Technology?Educational Technology?

Educational Technology?Educational Technology?

The text’s definition:

“Any technology used by educators in support of the teaching and learning process.”

Studying Educational Studying Educational TechnologyTechnology

International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE)

National Educational Technology Standards for Teachers (NETS-T)

-”The world is different. Kids are different. . .learning is different

. . .and teaching must be different too.”

Instruction using Educational Instruction using Educational TechnologyTechnology

Instructional events include everything needed and created by teachers to facilitate the transfer of learning

The learning environment is made up of the physical and non-physical aspects of where instruction takes place

Teachers use educational technology as a tool to create effective instructional events

Learning Learning

Theories:Diverse theories give explanation of

how we learnOffer different perspectivesSome contradict each otherWhich theory do you identify with?

Learning as CommunicationLearning as Communication

Both teachers and learners as individuals are affected by:

- Personal filters

- Environmental variables

- Psychological factors

All of these can change the message

of communication

Learning TheoriesLearning Theories

Environmental Factors

Any factors that cause the learner to become disengaged from participation

Can cause a distorted or blocked communication

Dim lighting, excessive movement, and uncomfortable temperatures

Learning TheoriesLearning Theories

Psychological Factors

Emotions when message is sentLearning styles that are not

addressed by sender Individual preferences

Learning TheoriesLearning Theories

Personal Filters

Personal values, cultural heritage, and social belief system

Both sender and receiver are influenced by these

Learning PerspectivesLearning Perspectives

Behaviorists

View all behavior as a response to external stimuli Behavior, skills, and knowledge all occur in

response to rewards, punishments, or withheld responses

A passive process – learning as a response to the environment

Key theorists – Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, & B.F. Skinner

Learning PerspectivesLearning Perspectives

Cognitivists

Learning as a mental operationExplained as how one thinksLearning is more complex than

behaviorist responsesKey theorists – Jerome Bruner & David

Ansubel

Learning PerspectivesLearning Perspectives

Constructivists

Knowledge is a constructed element Knowledge can best be learned in a social

environment Presently, most influential force in shaping

contemporary education Key theorist – Jean Piaget

Learning PerspectivesLearning Perspectives

More theorists:Seymour Papert – adapted Piaget’s

perspective and applied it to children who were using technology, LOGO

Robert Gagne’ – cognitive-constructivist view

Lev Vygotsky & Albert Bandura – social-constructivist view

Learning TheoriesLearning Theories

Building Blocks of Effective Teaching

Teachers should develop their own style after the learning environment is developed and knowledge of learning theories is studied.

Learning CharacteristicsLearning Characteristics

Cognitive style

Learning style

Intelligence

Theory of Multiple IntelligencesTheory of Multiple Intelligences

Each individual possesses some of all of the intelligences, but one or more dominates:

-Linguistic -Mathematical-Spatial -Bodily-Interpersonal -Intrapersonal-Naturalistic -Existential -Musical

Find out which intelligence you are dominate in at:

http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/mi/

Teaching & LearningTeaching & Learning

Teaching is a planned sequence of events

Teaching style is usually a function of one’s own personal experiences

Always keep in mind the goal of teaching: learning

Teaching and LearningTeaching and Learning

Technology a part of the teaching and learning process

- Educational technology includes resources that enhance

teaching and learning- This was not always the view- Consistent with the learning theories

Learning and TeachingLearning and Teaching

Teaching and learning work together Holistic planning is the key to

effective learningEducational technologies selected

after planning completed to enhance instruction

A Brief Educational A Brief Educational Technology TimelineTechnology Timeline

Audiovisual movement – 1900’s- early movies

Thomas Edison says “Books will soon be obsolete in schools” – 1913

-He also predicted the movie projector would replace teachers

Slides, radio, sound recordings – 1920’s & 1930’s

Technology Timeline (cont.)Technology Timeline (cont.)

Television – 1950’sCAI 1950’s & 1960’sView of educational technology

changed – 1960’s to 1970’s Invention of microcomputer – 1970’s

- this helped to redefine and expand educational technology to include all technologies

Technology Timeline (cont.)Technology Timeline (cont.)

Educational technology enters the Digital Age – 1980’s

Educational TechnologyEducational Technology

How can we as teachers use technology? How we choose to utilize the technology provided to us is our choice!

Holistic view exists as all media and systems that support teaching and learning